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— THE 



2L 



IN THE 





menca, 


IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN. 


BY 

HUGO KUERSCHNER, 

i| 

Director of the German-American Academy at Washington, D. C., formerly 
Superintendent of the Public Schools at Nashville, Ill. 


Published bj' Hugo Kuerschner, 
Washington, D. C. 
iSqi. 


V 


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in i*£n 

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3> c u t f d) ttttb @ it <j H f <$)♦ 




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$8on 


■ «i|=r + .gnigo ^itrfdmer 



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SDirefior ber beutfcbsamertfantfd)en SSIabcmic in Sffiafbington, 2). 6., fritter ©uberintenbent ber 
bffcntlt^cn ©d^ulen tit SJtafbbiDe, SDtnotS. 




^ut 0elbftfc>erla0 b e § SSerfaffcrS. 




^nrtjfcrnr&srtfi nan (&. %Pal'tfV(kev i 
28 a f b i n g t o it, ®. 6. 
i8gi. 













A book like this, combining the features both of a “ Handy 
Manual ” of useful information and a “ Text-book ”, has not yet been 
published. 

It is principally designed to be of service to the thousands of 
Germans who annually immigrate to the United States with the 
intention of settling and becoming useful citizens of the Commonwealth. 
In order, however, to acquaint themselves with the pdlitical and social 
conditions of American life or to attain to a position of prominence 
therein, it is absolutely necessary to have a knowledge of the English 
language. 

The book consists of two parts. The first part begins with a brief 
history of the United States, describes the characteristic traits of the 
American nation, including the prominent features of the German 
and Irish American, Negro, Indian and Chinese etc. ; treats of the 
social condition of the country, its industries, imports and exports, the 
homestead laws and other laws of general interest; the Army and 
Navy, the Supreme Court, the Fifty-second Congress, the Diplomatic 
Corps and other interesting details. 


S? 0 V v s fc e . 


(Sin 23udfj roie bag oorliegenbe, bag gugleidf) ein §anbbucf) non aflges 
mein roiffengmertfyem gnljalte unb ein fpradjiicfjeg Sefjrbudfj ift, gab eg big 
" je£t nodf) nicf)t. 

©g ift bagu beftimmt, in erfter Sinie benjenigen $eutfcf)en roiinfdjjeng* 
mertlje SDienfte gu leiften, bie gu Saufenben jafyrlicfj nac§ ben 3Sereinigten 
©taaten fommen, in ber Slbfid^t, fief) bauernb barin niebergutaffen unb 
tiicf)tige GHieber beg amerifanifcf)en ©Jemeinroefeng gu merben. $ein 
folder ©inmanberer barf erraarten, bafc eg if)m gelingen mirb, fid^ eine 
ficbere unb angefefjene Sebengfteflung in biefem Sanbe gu ermerben, fofange 
er nicf)t eine geniigenbe ^enntnift ber Sanbeg f p r a cf) c unb ber 
Sanbegoerbaftniff e befitjt. £)iefe unbebingt notf)ige ^enntnifj it)m 
gu oermitteln, ift ber biefeg 23ud)eg. 

SDagfelbe gerfadt in groei STtjeile. 2>er erfte Sijeil beginnt mit einetn 
lurgen SIbrife ber ©efcf)id)te ber SSereinigten ©tauten. $)arauf folgen 
©barafteriftifen ber Slngfoamerifaner jonne ber oerfdjriebenen anberen 
SBeoolferunggelemente, mie ber ©eutfdjen, ber 3^^nber, ber ^nbianer, ber 
9?eger, ber Gbinefen u. f. ro.; ferner Slngaben iiber unfere fogialen 
23*rf)dltniffe, bie gefe^lidfjen geiertage, liber bie gnbuftrieen, fiber 3 m P^rt 
unb ©sport, iiber bag §eimftdttengefeij unb juriftifcfye 2Bin!e gum befferen 
SSerftanbnife ber raid;tigften £anbeggefe£e. ©obann mirb adeg 2Biffeng= 
mert^e non adgemeinerem gntereffe iiber bie 3Sereinigten ©tauten, iijre 
^egierung, i^r £anb= unb ©eefyeer, iiber bag Dberbunbeggeric^t, iiber 
ben groeiunbfiinfgigften Gongrefj unb bag biplomatifdje Gorpg mitgetijeilt. 


VI. 


Then- follows a condensed description of all the States and 
Territories, a short treatise on the labor question and finally the 
Constitution of the United States. 

The second part contains a brief introductory grammar of the 
English language, a series of language lessons in the form of colloquial 
exercises and a classified vocabulary; letter writing, forms of letters, 
notes etc., tables of weights and measures, American money. 

As the various topics of the contents have only reference to the 
United States, and having selected only such words as are in general 
use, the opportunity is offered to immigrating Germans to obtain not 
only thorough information about this country and its people, but also 
to acquire a correct knowledge and use of the English language. 

The Author is convinced that not only the “Green” immigrant* 
will find in this book a valuable adviser and guide but also such 
Germans that have been living in this country for a number of years, 
may derive some benefit from it. 

Americans studying the German language will find the numerous 
language lessons in “ The American ” of great advantage in the pursuit 
of their studies. 

The Author hopes, in offering this book to the public, that it will 
prove to be a valuable companion and that the varied information which 
it contains may merit their kind approval. 


THE AUTHOR. 


VII. 


SDamt lommt eine gebrangte, after alle§ Stotgroenbige entgaltenbe 
SBefcgreiftung fammtlicger ©taaten uno Xerritorien unb ben ©d;lug 
macgt bie Slrfteiterfrage unb bie Gonftitution ber SSereinigten ©taaten. 

2)er groeite £geil entgalt, auger einer furggefagten ©rammatit ber 
englifcgen ©pracge, eine 9teigc in fpradjlidjer unb ftofflicger 33cgiegung 
ftelegrenber ©efpradge, ein Jtaffifigirte^ S&orteroergeicgnig, eine Slnleitung 
gum SBrieffcgreiften, gormulare oon 33ricfen, §anbfd;einen u. f. n>., HRit* 
tgeilungen lifter SJtage unb ©emicgte, lifter ba§ amerifanifcge ©elbroefen 
u. f. nx 

©aburcg, bag biefer reicggaltige, auSfcglieglicg auf amerifanifcge 
SSergaltniffe ftegltglicge ©toff in fteiben ©pradften, englifcg unb beutfcg, unb 
groar in lauter einfadgen, au3 ben geftraucglicgften SBortern unb 
Dteberoenbungen gufammengefegten ©agen gegeften roirb, ift jebem 
©eutfcgen, roelcger fremb in biefe§ £anb fommt, bie ©elegengeit geftoten, 
roagrenb er iifter £anb unb £eute toicgtige Sluffcgciiffe empfangt, gu gleidger 
3eit ficg im SSerftanbnig unb ©eftraucge ber englifcgen ©pracge gu iiften. 

Sifter nid;t nur ber „grune", eften erft in§ £anb fommenbe beutfcge 
©imoanberer toirb in biefer boppetten §inficgt an bem oorliegenben S3ud;e 
einen mertgoollen Sftatggefter finben: ber SSerfaffer ift iiftergeugt, bag 
bagfelfte audg oon folcgen ©eutfcgen, bie fcgon langere in biefem £anbe 
leften, mit 9tugen toirb geftraucgt roerben lonnen. 

Unb felftft Slmerifaner, melcge bie Ueutfc^e ©pracge gu erlernen 
miinfcgen, roerben finben, bag „ber Stmerifaner" audg al3 fpradglicgeg 
Ueftungsbudg fidg mit SBortgeil geftraucgen lagt. 

2Roge bem 33udge, roeldgeS giermit ber Deffentlidgfeit iiftergeften roirb, 
ben Slftficgten be§ SSerfaffers gemag in ben ^rcifen, filr roeldge e§ fteftimmt 
ift, eine freunblicge Slufnagme unb ber ftefte ©rfolg ftefdgieben fein! 


e r Serfaffer. 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1891, by 

Hugo K xi erscJiner, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at 
Washington, D. C. 







PART I. 



tfrftcr 


The History of the United States. 


America was discovered in 1492 by Christopher Columbus, a native 
of Genoa, Italy, an important town of maritime trade. He received a 
good education while young; geography was his favorite study. At 
the early age of fourteen he became a sailor, later on he went to Por¬ 
tugal where he engaged in map-drawing. He was fully convinced that 
the earth was round; and he believed that by sailing directly west 
India could be reached. 

Navigation was then in its infancy. The Mediterranian Sea and 
the Atlantic Ocean as far as the Azores islands were navigated, — no 
one had the courage to sail farther west. 

The Venetians were enterprising merchants; they had to bring 
their goods overland from Asia to Egypt, from where they took them 
to other countries along the coast. That was very expensive, and 
Columbus thought of finding a cheaper way of getting them. 

He further reasoned that some undiscovered land must be west of 
Europe, the ocean-currents, coming from the west, having often washed 
trunks of unknown trees and even corpses of human beings of strange 
complexion and structure to the Azores islands. 

He first applied to his own government to furnish the means in 
order to set out an expedition to reach India by sailing directly west. 
His request was denied. In Portugal, where he next applied, he was 
served the same way. Now he went to Spain, where his idea was ridi¬ 
culed and laughed at. Isabella, the queen, however, believed in his 
theory, and as fortunately the government had just gained much riches 
by the fall of Granada, induced the King Ferdinand to fit out three 
vessels for the expedition. Columbus had to promise to deliver to the 
king most of the gold and valuables he might find. He himself was to 
become vice-roy of all the land he should discover. 

On the 12th day of August, 1492, he sailed in the presence of 
many people with three small vessels, .the Santa Maria, Pinta and Nina, 
from Palos. His sailors soon became discouraged, after, they had 
sailed a great distance on the Atlantic Ocean, and demanded Colum¬ 
bus to return. Columbus persuaded them from time to time to wait 
somewhat longer, and finally discovered land, October 21st. After a 


pic ©cpcijuijte free Qeveinxgten ptaatcn 


Slmerifa rourbe im 1492 t)on (Sl;riftop§ (Solumbu§, einem 

gtaliener au3 ber roicfjtigen ©eeljanbeteftabt ©enua, entbecft. (Sr erl;ielt in 
f einer Sugenb eine gute SBitbung ; ©eograpljie roar fetn 2iebling$ftubium. 
3 m 14. ^afjre fd;on rourbe er 9ftatrofe. ©pater ging er nacl) Portugal, roo 
er fid; mit $artengeid;nen befcljaftigte. (Sr roar oodftanbig iibergeugt, baf$ 
bie (Srbe runb fet, unb bafj man, roenn man birect roeftlid; fegle, $nbien 
erreidjen miiffe. 

2)ie ©cfyifffafjrt roar bamal§ no<3) in iljrer ^inbijeit. 3)a3 ^ittets 
Idnbifdf)e 9Jleer unb ber 2ltlantifcfje Ocean bis gu ben Slgorifcljen ^nfeln 
rourben befafjren; roeiter roeftlid; roagte fidfj niemanb. 

2)ie ^Scnetianer roaren unterneljmenbe ^aufleute. ©ie mufitcn if;re 
SSaaren non 2lficn nacf) (Sgppten gu Sanb bringen, oon roo fie biefelben 
nad; anbern ^itftenlanbern fd;afften. 2)ie3 roar fefjr foftfpielig, unb 
(Solumbu# glaubte einen bidigeren s 23eg finben gu lonnen. 

©a bie !Dieere§ftromungen oom 2Beften l;er ofterg ©tamrne non un* 
befannten SSaumen unb fogar menfd;lid)e £eicf)en non eigentf;umlic^er garbe 
unb ©eftalt an bie agorifcljen ^nfeln fpiilten, fo fc^Iojg (SolumbuS ferner, 
bag irgenb ein unentbedte£ £anb roeftlid) non (Suropa liegen miiffe. 

(Sr roanbte fid) guerft an feine eigene 9tegierung, urn bie Vittel gur 
2lu§ruftung einer Oppebition gu erlangen, beren .groed bie Stuffinbung 
eine§ birecten roeftlicfjen ©eeroegS nacl) Dftinbicn fein foUte. ©ein <35efucf) 
rourbe abgefcl)lagen. 3>n ^Portugal, rool;in or fid) gunadfjft roanbte, ging 
e§ if)m gerabe fo. 9?un ging er naclj ©panien, roo feine gbee lad^erlic^ 
gemad)t unb oerladfjt rourbe. 3f a ^ e ^ a / ^e ^onigin, jebod; fdfjenfte feiner 
Sf;eorie ©tauben, unb ba bie 9iegierung gliidlic^errocife burd; ben gall 
non ©ranaba grojge 91eidfjtl;umer erroorben f;atte, fo oeranlafjte fie ben 
^onig gerbinanb, brei gafyrgeuge fiir bie (Sspebition auSguruftcn. (Solum= 
bu§ mufcte oerfprecljen, ba§ meifte non bem ©olb unb ben 23ertf;facl)en, 
bie er etroa finben follte, an ben $bnig abguliefern. (Sr felbft follte Slices 
fonig ader non il)m entbedten Sanber roerben. 

2lm 12. Sluguft, 1492, fegelte er mit brei fleinen ga^rgeugen, ber 
©anta SQiaria, ber $inta unb ber 9ttna in ©egenroart oieler Seute non 
$alo§ ab. ©eine SKatrofen rourben balb mutljloS, als fie eine betrad;tlid)e 
©trede roeit auf bem atlantifdjen Dgean gefegelt roaren, unb oerlangten oon 
(Solumbu?, bag er umfel;re. (SolumbuS iiberrebete fie oon geit 3eit, nod; 


4 


History of the United States. 


voyage of almost ten weeks they reached Guanahani, one of the Bahama 
Islands. Soon afterwards they discovered Hayti, or San Domingo, 
Cuba, and other islands. 

The natives, a copper-colored people, were at first frightened, when 
they saw the ships, but received the strangers with friendship. As 
Columbus supposed he had reached India, he called the natives Indians 
and the islands were called the West Indies. 

Soon afterward he returned to Spain, taking with him several 
aborigines and many specimens of the country, as tobacco, Indian corn, 
etc. He was enthusiastically received and greatly honored. 

A second expedition was sent out for the New Wqrld, and now 
Columbus discovered many more islands and a part of South America. 

The Spaniards were eager in search of gold and often treated the 
natives very cruelly in order to induce them to show them the gold and 
silver mines. They were not found, and many adventurers returned 
home in disgust. 

Columbus made four voyages to the New World, yet, although he 
had done so much for Spain, he was treated very unjustly and ungrate¬ 
fully. He was suspended in command, deposed of his office, and even 
sent back to Spain in chains. His innocence was proven, yet he did 
not recover his rights. He died in 1506, a poor heartbroken man. 
Long after his death his remains were taken to Hayti for interment, and 
in 1795 they were removed to the Cathedral of Havana, Cuba. 

The new world was not even named after him, but after Amerigo 
Vespucci, a merchant of Florence in Italy, who accompanied a Spanish 
expedition and discovered a portion of South America, of which he 
published an account. 

Thirthy years later Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese, sailed to the 
Pacific Ocean, and proved that America was a separate continent. 

Other countries now became interested with the New World. 
Plenry VII. of England sent out an expedition under John Cabot, and 
his son Sebastian who discovered New Foundland in June 1497. Two 
years afterwards Sebastian conducted a second expedition without ac¬ 
complishing anything materially. Verrazzani and Cartier, French 
navigators, reached the mouth of the St. Lawrence river and went as 
far as, where Montreal is now. 

Cartier was the first permanent settler in New Foundland. 


©efd;ic$te ber 33 ereinig ten ©taaten. 


etmaS langer gu marten, unb entbecfte fdjliefjltdfj £anb am 12. IDt’tober. 
9ladf) einer 9Ieife t>ort gmei ^ftonaten erreict)ten bie ©eefafyrer ©uanafyani, 
eine ber SBafjama Snfeln, balb barauf §apti- ober ©ait Domingo, Guba 
unb anbere Snfetn. 

$He Gingebornen, ein fupferfarbigeS SSolf, roaren anfangS fef)r er= 
fd^roden, al3 fie bie ©cfjiffe faljen, aber fie natjmen bie gremblinge mit after 
greunbfcpaft auf. GolumbuS, ber Snbien erreidjt gu fjaben gtaubte, rtarmte 
fie Snbianer unb bie J^feln 2Beftinoien. 

S3alb barauf feljrte er nadj ©panien guriid unb naljm einige Ginge* 
borne unb niele Strtifel be3 SanbeS, mie £abad, OT:aig u. f. m. mit. Gr 
murbe entljufiafUfcf) enipfangen unb fjocf) geetjrt. 

2luf einer groeiten Gjpebttion, bie nun unternommen murbe, entbedte 
GotumbuS nocfj niet mef)r Snfetn unb einen S^f;ei£ ©abamerifaS. 

®ie ©panier roaren begierig, d5oIb unb ©ilber gu finben unb beljans 
belten oft bie Gingebornen graufam, urn fie gu nerantaffen, ifjnen <25oIbs 
unb ©itberminen gu geigen. ©olc^e fanb man nid^t unb niele Slbenteurer 
fetjrten enttaufcf)t nacf) §aufc guriid. 

Golumbu3 macfjte nier 9Ieifen nad; ber Stfeuen 9Bett, murbe jebocf) non 
©panien, fur ba§ er fo niet getfjan fyatte, ungerecf)t unb unbanfbar befjan* 
belt, Gr murbe non feinem Gommanbo entbunben, feiner ©tefte enttjoben 
unb fogar in ^etten nacf) ©panien guriidgefcfjidt. Dbgleicfj feine Unfdf)utb 
erroiefcn murbe, fonnte er bennocfj fein 9ted)t nidfjt crlangen. Gr ftarb in 
1506, ein armer, gebrodfjener 9ftann. Sange nad; feinem £obe murben feine 
Ueberrefte nacfj §apti gur S3eerbigung gebradjt, non mo fie 1795 nacf) ber 
Gatfjebrafe in §ananna, Guba, iibergefi'tf)rt murben. 

£)ie -ifteue SBeft murbe nidf)t einmaf nacfj ibm benannt, fonbern nacfj 
Amerigo 2Se£pucciu3, einem Itaufmann non §Ioreng in flatten, rocfdjer eine 
fpanifdje Ggpebition begleitet, einen £f)eif ©iibamcrifaS entbedt unb eine 
niefgelefene 33efd;reibung beS 2anbe3 neroffentfidjt Ijatte. 

S)reif}ig Sat)re fpater fegelte gerbinanb dftageftan, ein ^ortugiefe, in 
ben ©tiften Dgean unb bemieS babttrcf), baft 2lmerifa ein befonberer 
Grbtfjeil fei. 

9?un fingen aucf) anbere Sanber an, fidf) fiir bie 9Zeue SBeft gu interef- 
firen. §einrid^ VII. non Gngfanb fdjtdte eine Gjpebition unter Sofa 
Gabot unb beffen ©ofae ©ebaftian au3, metdje 9?eufunbfanb im ^uni 
1497 entbedte. groei Satire fpater unternaljm ©ebaftian eine gmeite Ge* 
pebition, ofae jebocfj etma§ 2Bir!tic§ea gu ergieten. SDie frangofifd;en ©ee^ 


6 


History of the United States. 


A great number of immigrants from all parts of Europe now came 
over to America, but they had to encounter many difficulties and hard¬ 
ships, finding no cultivated land, no cities, nothing but a vast wilder¬ 
ness. 

The French claimed all the land between Florida and Canada, 
calling it “New France”. Their first settlements were along the St. 
Lawrence and near the coast. 

Acadia, of “New France”, was settled in 1604. When it was 
ceded to England in 1713, the people refused to submit to the Eng¬ 
lish, in consequence of which 18,000 Acadians were removed by the 
British. 

In 1519 Hernando Cortez, a Spanish explorer, invaded Mexico 
with 600 men. He found large cities and towns. They had a regular 
government. The natives, called Aztecs, were partly civilized ; they 
had attained remarkably proficiency in astronomy, agriculture and 
mining. They had no horses nor beasts of burden. Their arms con¬ 
sisted of bows and arrows. The Mexicans resisted the invaders bravely 
and fought many a bloody battle. Although they first had treated the 
invaders cordially, their kindness was returned with treachery, their 
king Montezuma was taken captive and put to death, and their capital 
Tenochtitlan destroyed. The Mexican empire became a Spanish pro¬ 
vince, and the natives were enslaved. What the Spaniards had most 
desired, they found here : gold ! 

The avaricious conquerors, hearing of the riches of Peru now 
invaded that country. There the Incas (kings) possessed greath wealth. 
Athahualpa, the last king of Peru, was murdered and all his treasures 
were taken. Peru also became a Spanish province. 

By the “ Right of Discovery and Conquest ” immense possessions 
were acquired by Spain but most of them were lost again. Mexico 
founded an independent government in 1821 and Florida was sold to 
the United States for five million dollars, in 1819. 

Another attempt to establish a New England in the New World 
was made by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who was commissioned by Queen 
Elizabeth in 1583. His intention was to establish a permanent colony 
for agriculture and fishing near New Foundland but he did not reach 
America, being lost at sea. 



©cfcfyicfyte ber SBereinigten ©taaten. 


7 


fairer SBeraggani unb Cartier erreicbten bie 9Jtiinbung beg ©t. SorengfXttffeS 
unb gclangten big gu bem jepigcn Montreal. 

2 e* 3 terer roar eg aucb, ber bie erfte pcrmanente SInfieblung in Sfteu* 
funblanb griinbete. 

Cine grope Slngal)! Cmigranten !am jept non alien ^eilen Curopag 
nadj SImerifa, a ber fie batten niele £inberniffe unb Cntbcbrungen gu be* 
ftcl)cn, ba fie !ein cultinirteg Sanb unb feine ©tabte, fonbern nid;tg alg 
cine uncnblidje 28ilbnip norfanben. 

Die grangofen beanfprudfjien alleg Sanb groifdjen gloriba unb Canaba 
unb nannten eg 9icufrartfreid;. 3^ re erften Slnfieblungen rourben an ben 
llfern beg ©t. Sorengftromeg unb nafye ber $iifte gemadjt. 

5Ifabien in 9ieufranlreid; rourbe irn Sabre l 604 befiebelt. 2Ilg eg 
1713 an Gnglanb abgetreten rourbe, roeigertefid) bag SSolf englifdfje Unter* 
tfjanen gu roerben. 3 n gotge beffen rourben 18,000 SHabier non ben Cng* 
Idnbern auggeroiefen. 

3>n 1519 fiel gernanbo Corteg, ein fpanifdjer gorfd^er, roit 600 9)?ann 
in SJJei'ico ein. Cr fanb grope ©tabte unb Dbrfer. Die Ctngebornen, 
9Igtcfen genannt, roaren t^eilroeife cinilifirt. ©ie batten bebeutenbe gort* 
fcbritte in ber SIftronomie, ber Sanbroirtbfd^aft unb im Slergbau gemacbt 
unb befapen eine geregelte 91egierung. $$ re SBciffcrt beftanben attg ipfeil 
unb 23ogen. Die iDiejifaner rotberftanben ben Cinbringlingen tapfer unb 
fodjten rotancbe blutige ©djlad;t. ©ie roaren benfe ben berglid; entgegen* 
gefommen. 2Iber i^re ©rite rourbe mit Berratb belobnt. $onig 
s Dtonteguma rourbe gefangen genommen unb getoDtet unb if)re ftauptftabt 
Denocbtitlan gerftort. Dag ntejifanifcbe ^aiferreicb roarb eine fpanif^e 
droning unb bie Cingebornen rourben gu ©clanen gemacbt. 2Bag bie 
©panier am meiften geroiinfdjt batten, bag fanben fie bi p -* : ©olb. 

5Ilg bie b«^f^^^S^ n Croberer non ben 9teid)tbumern iperug borten, 
brangen fie and) in jeneg £anb ein. Die S nca§ (^onige) befapen grope 
©djape. 2Itbabualpa, ber (epte $onig non iperu, rourbe ermorbet unb alle 
feine ©djape genommen. Slucb iperu rourbe eine fpanifcbe aproning. 

©o erroarb ©panien burcb bag Cntbedungg* unb Croberunggrecpt 
ungepeuete SBcfiptputner; aber bie meiften berfelben gingen fpater roieber 
nerloren. ^Qte^ifo griinbete eine unabbdngige Slegierung in 1821 unb 
gloriba rourbe 1819 flir flinf -DiiHioncn Doftarg an bie Bereinigten 
©taaten ner-fauft. 

Der erfte Berfud; ein 91euenglanb gu griinben, rourbe 1538 non 
©ir §umpl)rep (Gilbert gemacbt, roclcper eine Commiffion non ber ^onigin 


8 


History of the United States. 

Sir Walter Raleigh, his half-brother, led another expedition, in 
1584. He took possession of a country further south on the Atlantic 
Ocean which he named Virginia, in honor of the Virgin Queen. A 
permanent settlement could not be affected by him. 

In 1806 James I. granted this land to two companies. It was 
divided in North Virginia and South Virginia, of which the former was 
granted to the Plymouth Company, the latter to the London Company. 

The first permanent English settlement was made at Jamestown on 
the James River, in Virginia, in 1607. Many of the 105 first settlers 
died of disease and some were killed by the Indians. John Smith, the 
leader of the colonists often rescued them from starvation. On one 
occasion Smith was taken captive by the Indians and condemned to 
die, but Pocahontas, the daughter of the Indian chief Powhatan, saved 
him. 

A Dutch navigator introduced slvavery in 1620, selling 20 slaves 
at Jamestown, Virginia. 

The next permanent English settlement was made at Plymouth, 
Mass., (New England) in 1620, by the Pilgrim Fathers, called Puritans. 
They numbered 102 and came over on the Mayflower, a small vessel, 
not in search of riches, but to secure religious freedom which they could 
not enjoy at home. They soon were joined by many more immigrants 
of the same creed. 

Dutch colonists settled on the banks of the Hudson in 1613 and 
founded Albany (New York). As all that land belonged to England, 
the colony could not be claimed by Holland. 

An other colony was founded by English Catholics at St. Mary, 
Maryland, in 1634. 

French Hugenots next settled in New France, now Canada and 
others settled in Louisiana, which also belonged to France. Louisiana 
was bought from France by the United States in 1803, for 15 million 
dollars. 

The French had settlements in Nova Scotia, Canada and Louisiana. 
In order to secure communication between Canada and the settlements 
of the Mississippi Valley they erected forts and military stations along 
the line of connection. As these proceedings had a hostile character, 
the governor of Virginia sent George Washington, then only 21 years 
of age to the French, to demand an explanation for this. The French 
did not give a satisfactory answer. So the Governor took military 
measures. 


©efd;id;te ber SSereinigten ©taaten. 


9 


(Slifabetl; crljalten Ijatte. Seine 2lbfid)t roar, erne permanente (Solonie fiir 
2lcferbau unb gifd;fang in ber 9idf)e non ^eufunblanb an^ulegen, aber er 
ging auf ber See nerloren. 

©ir Walter Sftaleigf;, fein ©tiefbruber, unternaljm eine anbere (S£pe= 
bition in 1584. (Sr nal;m 23efi£ non einem 2anb, roeld)e3 fiiblidjer am 
atlantifd;en Djean lag unb bas er §u <Sl;ren ber jungfrdulid;en $onigin 
2>irginien nunnte. (Sine permanente 9lieberlaffung bradjte jebod; aud; er 
nid;t juroege. 

3m 3al)re 1608 iibertrug ^afob I. biefeS £anb an §roei©efeflfd;aften. 
G3 rourbe in 9Jorb= unb ©ub=33irginien eingetl;eilt, unb erftere3 an bie 
^Upmoutl; Gompagnie, lei}tere5 an bie Sonbon Gompagnie abgctreten. 

2)ie erfte bletbenbe englifd;e 9ftcberlafjung rourbe in ^umestoron, am 
Samesflufje in 33irginien, in 1607 angelegt. SSiele ber erften 105 5lnfieb= 
ler ftaroen an ^ranffyeiten, anbere rourben non ben ^nbianern getobtet. 
3ol;n ©tnitl), ber 2lnfiil)rer ber Goloniften, reitete biefe oft oom §unger= 
tobe. Ginmal roar er non ben gubtanern gefangen genommen unb gum 
£obe nerurtbeiU roorben, aber s }>ocal)onta3, bie£od;ter be5 3 n ^ianerf)dupts 
ling$ ^orol;atan, rettete iljn. 

(Sin l;olldnbifd)er ©eefaljrer fii^rte 1620 bie ©clanerei ein, inbem 
cr 20 ©claoen m 3ame5toron, ^trgtnien, nerfaufte. 

$ie nad)|ie englifc^e 2lnfieblung rourbe 1620 non ^uritanern, ben 
fogei annten ^ilorimnaiern, in ^Ipmoutf), s JJtaf{. ( s J2eucnglanb), angelegt. 
SDiefe (Sinroanbe.er gal;lten 102 Sbopfe unb famen auf einem fleinen 
gafyrgeuge, ber 'Diapfloroer, l;eriibcr, nid;t um ^eidpljumer gu fudjen, fon= 
bern um fid; 3^eligionsfreil;eit gu fid;ern, roeld;e fie in ber §eimatl; nid)t 
geniepen fonnten. SSiele bemfelben ©lauben l;uloigenbe (Sinroanbcrer 
folgten ifynen balb nad). 

§olIdnbifd;e Goloniften fiebelten fid) 1613 an Den Ufern be3 §ubfon 
an unb grimbeten SUbanp (^ero 2)orf). 5Da jcnc3 Sanb (Snglanb geljorte, 
fo fonnten bie (Solonien nid;t non §ollanb beanfprud;t roerbeu. 

(Sme anbere (Solonie rourbe 1634 non englifd;en $atf;olifen in 
©t. 9J£ari;, s Dtan;lanb, angelegt. 

grangbfifd;e §ugenotten liegen fid^ gunadbft in Sfieufranfreid), bem 
jd^igen Ganaba, nieber, anbere befiebelten Soutfiana, roelc^eo aud; granf= 
reid; gefyorte. Souifiana rourbe non granfreid) in 1803 fiir 15 9JUI- 
lionen dollars an bie $ereiuigten ©taaten nerfauft. 

2)ie grangefen batten Slnfieblungen in 9bona ©cotia, Ganaba unb 
Souifiana. Um eine SSerbinbung ^roifd;en Ganaba unb ben -ftieberlaffun* 


10 


History of the United States. 


General Braddock, who was then commander in-chief of the 
English troops in America (1754), marched against Fort Du Quesne. 
The French had combined with the Indians. Although Washington 
tried to persuade Braddock not to make an attack, he ventured an 
attack and was totally defeated. Braddock himself was mortally 
wounded, Washington escaped uninjured, although he lost two horses 
and four bullets pierced his coat. 

Only five years after Canada became an English province, after 
Niagara and Quebec had been taken by General Wolfe. 




Tlie Re voltitioiv in tlie United States. 


The French and Indian War had added immensely to British 
possessions but it had also added to the national debt; and it was now 
proposed to tax the three kingdoms and the colonies alike to meet the 
expense. 

This was quite right as far as the British people at home were con¬ 
cerned, for the tax was levied by their own representatives ; but the 
colonists had no seats in Parliament, and as Englishmen they claimed 
their rights, conceded as long ago as the reign of Edward I. in the 13th 
century, in refusing to pay a tax which they had no share in imposing. 
Lord North’s ministry repealed all taxes excepting that of three pence 
a pound upon tea But it was the principle, not the pence, that the 
colonists were contending for. Most of the teaships were sent back to 
England with their cargoes untouched; while the Bostonians in their 
excitement discharged several shiploads into their harbor. The con¬ 
sequence of this act was that Parliament passed the “Boston Harbor 
Act”, in 1774, by which the port of Boston was closed. This unjust 
act excited all the colonies. An organization, the “Sons of Liberty” 
was formed, which induced the colonies to send representatives to an 
assembly, that met at Philadelphia, in 1774, known as the First Conti¬ 
nental Congress, consisting of 53 members. Patrick Henry of Virginia 
made an eloquent address. 



© e f d) i d) t e b e r 55 c r c i n i g t c n S t a a t e it. 


11 


gett im SKiffiffippitfjale fjerguftcffen, erridjteten fie ber gangcn SSerBinbunggs 
linie entlang geftungen unb SfJiilitdrftationen. Qabiefe 9Sorgcinge cincn 
feinbltdjert (Sf)arafter amtaljmen, fo erBat fid) ber ©oucerneur con 25ir= 
ginicn burd) ©corge SBaffjington, roeldjer bamah crft 21 3afjre alt war, 
eine (Srflarung con ben frangofij^cn Slnfieblungen unb ergriff, ah biefe 
unBefriebigenb augfiel, fofort mifitarifcfje SDlafjrcgelit (1754). 

(General 33rabbocf, ber DBerBefetjhfjaBer ber eng(ifcf)en £ruppen in 
Sfmerifa, marfcf)irte gegen bag frangofifdje gort Qu Quegne. 3)ie 
grangofcn flatten ficf> mit ben gnbiancrn cxCCiirt. SSafbington cerfudfjte 
SBrabbod con einem cerfruf)ten 2fngriff aBgufjaften. StCCein biefer griff 
bennod) an unb rourbe gdnglid; ge[cf)laqen. (Sr felBft rourbe tobtlid; cer= 
rounbet. SBafljington cntfam uncerfelfrt, oBgfeid) er greet ^5ferbe cerfor 
unb cier 3lugeln feinen 9hd burcf)lod(jerien. 

(Srft fiinf fpater rourbe Ganaba eine englifdje ;proeing, nac^bem 
Niagara unb Quebec! con (General 2BoIfe eingenontmen tcaren. 


$ie fRcfcofufum ber $erctmgfcit Siaatcn. 


2)er frangojtf$=inbianif^e Svrieg fjatte groar bie SBefitjtfjiimer Gngfanbg 
Betradfjtlid) cermefjrt, aBer auefy bie Sftationalfdjulb. @g rourbe baljer cor* 
gefcfylagen, bie brei ^onigreidje unb bie Golonien g(etcf)mdj$ig gu Befteuern, 
um bie 2htggaBen gu beden. 

Qag tear gang red)t, fofern eg bag SSolf im SSflutterlanbe Betraf, 
benn bie ©teuern rourben con beffen eigenen 3^eprafenta^»ten auferlegt. 
SfBer bie Gofoniften fatten !eine ©itge im ^arfament, unb ah Gnglanber 
Beanfprud)ten fie bag 9?edf)t, roefdjeg fdjon unter ber 3hgierung Gbuarbg I. 
im breigefjnten ^aBrfyunberte Bcrcifligt rcorben roar, niimlicfj bag 3 a ^ en otm 
©teuern, an roefcfjen fie feinen Stfjeil Batten, gu cerrceigern. Sorb 
SRortf/g TOnifterium roiberrtef affe ©teuern aujger ber con brei $ence auf 
bag ^pfunb Sdjee. Gg roar jebod; bag ^pringip, nidfjt Der $ence, fur bag bie 
Golcniften eintraten. £ie meiften &f)eefd;iffe rourben roieber guriid nad) 


12 History of the United States. 

A petition was drawn, in which they expressed their loyalty to the 
king, protesting however against sending military to the colonies 
without their consent. All commercial intercourse with England should 
be stopped until these obstacles were removed. 

This was considered open revolt. The people now organized 
militia companies to protect their rights. 

The first hostilities were commenced at Boston, the British under 
General Gage canonading that city. In a remarkable short time 
30,000 “ minute men/’ hastened from all parts of the country, to Boston 
to assist their brethren. 

The first skirmish took place at Lexington, in 1775, when General 
Gage sent 800 men to destroy military stores at Concord, in which the 
British were routed. 

The second Continental Congress convened six months after that 
at Philadelphia. An army was organized of which George Washington 
was made commander in-chief. 

The first battle was fought at Bunker Hill, in which the British 
were victorious, still the outlook for the Americans was encouraging ; 
the Continentals showed such bravery and heroism, repelling the 
British until their ammunition was exhausted that even General Gage 
mentioned it in his report. 

General Montgomery was sent with an army to St. John’s and 
Montreal and Benedict Arnold to Quebec to take these strongholds of 
the British, in order to get Canada to join them. Both attempts were 
unsuccessful. 

On the 4th of July, 1776, Congress assembled in Philadelphia and 
declared the American colonies free and independent. Thomas 
Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. 

Benjamin Franklin, to whom the country is greatly indebted, was 
sent to France seeking aid for the colonists. 

This great man made himself famous otherwise. He invented the 
lightning rod ; he was a great author and philosopher and was one of 
the members that drafted the Constitution of the United States. 

England was determined to overpower the colonists. Mercenary 
troops were hired, known as the Hessians, numbering 17,000. Many 
of them left the ranks, in which they were compelled to fight and joined 
the Americans. 

The American army was in a bad condition, nearly all the soldiers 
being undisciplined recruits and volunteer officers. 


13 


© e f d) i cl; t c ber SSereintgtcn 01 a a t e n. 

©ttglanb gefdjidt mit tf;ren nollen Sabungen, rodbrcnb bie Softener tit 
iljver Grregung etnige <Sd)iffgIabungen in ben §afen mat fen. See gotge 
biefer §anblung roar, bag bag ^arlament ben „33ofioner ^afcnact" paf= 
firte, nad; roeld;em ber §afen non 33ofiort gefd;Ioffen rourbe. (Sine Drgas 
nifation, „bie 0bl;ne ber greiljeit", trat in'S Seben, roeldje bie Goionteen 
neranlagte, Oleprdfentanten gu einer 33erfamntlung gu fdjiden, bie 1774 in 
$f;ilabelp()ia alg ber Grfte Gontinentale Gongreg gufammentrat unb aug 53 
9Jtitglieber i beftanb. $atrid §enrp non SSirgiitien I;ielt eine eloquente 
SCnrebe. 

Gine petition rourbe entroorfen, in rocldjer bie Golonien iljrer Sopalitdt 
gegert ben $bnig 2Iugbrud gaben, aber gegen bag Senben non 'iMttar ogne 
ifyre 3 u ftimnuut9 proteftirten. geber commercielle SBerfefjv mit Gitg- 
lanb follte eingefteEt roerben, big biefe §inberniffe befeitigt roaren. 

Sieg rourbe alg offene Rebellion betrad^tet. Sag 2$olf aber organifirte 
SDiiligcompagnien, um fein Otec^t gu fd;iil}en. 

?ie erften Jeinbfeligfeitcn begannen in 33ofton, alg bie 33riten unter 
©eneral ©age bie ©tabt bombarbirten. unglaublid) farmer $eit eilten 
30,000 „dJlinutenmdnner // non alien Sljeilen beg Sanbeg nad) Lofton, um 
il;rcn Sriibern beuuftefyen. 

Sag erfte ©cfecgt fanb in Se^ington (1775) ftatt, alg ©eneral ©age 
800 9ftann abfd;idte, um bag TOlitdrmagagin gu gerftoren. $n biefem 
©efecgt rourben bie iBriten in bie glud;t gefdjlagen. 

Ser groeite Gontinentale Gongreg trat feegg donate fpdter in s $gila= 
belpgia gufammen. Gine ’llrmee rourbe organifirt unb ©eorge SSafgmgton 
gum Dberbefeglggaber ernannt. 

Sie erfte 0d;lacgt rourbe bei Punier §ill gefd;lagen, unb bie 53riten 
roaren barin fiegreid); jeboeg roaren bie 9lugfkgten fiir bie Slmerifaner 
fegr ermutgigenb, benn bie „Gontinentalg" geigten folcge 33raoour unD 
folcgen §e(benmutg, inbem fie bie Sriten guriicffcglugen, big il)re Munition 
erfcgopft roar, bag fogar ©eneral ©age eg in feinem Rapport errodgnte. 

©eneral iUtontgomerp rourbe mtt einer Slrrnee nacg ©t. Sogn’g 
Montreal unb 23enebict 2lrnolb nacg Quebec! gefanbt, um biefe SefeftU 
gungen ber Gngldnber eingunegmen, unb um Ganaba gu neranlaffen, fid; 
ben Golonien attgufcgliegen. 33eibe 33erfucge roaren oI;ne Grfolg. 

2lm 4. $uli 1776 trat ber Gongreg in ^gilabelpgia gufammen unb 
erllarte bie amerifanifegen Golonien fiir frei unb unabgdngig. Sgomag 
Sefferfcn fegrieb bie Unabgdngigfeitgerfldrung. 





14 


History of the United States.- 


Baron Steuben of Germany was appointed Inspector-General and it 
is due to his thoroughness in military tactics and his untiring efforts 
drilling the raw material, that the American soldier soon could compete 
with the British. George Washington appreciated his services highly. 
Baron de Kalb, also from Germany rendered valuable service and so 
did Count Pulaski and Kosciusko from Poland. Lafayette, a French 
nobleman, assisted the colonies greatly, bringing with him reinforce-j 
ments. Although the German population was small yet in the colonies, i 
they sent out their sons to fight for liberty; even Muehlenberg, a highly 
esteemed Lutheran pastor exchanged the Bible for the sword in order 
to assist in the good cause. 

After many a bloody battle, the campaign came to a close. In 
1777, 6000 British soldiers had to surrender to the American General 
Gates, near Saratoga, New York. The French king, Louis XVI., who 
could not forgive England the loss of his colonies, sent a fleet and an 
army of 6000 men under Rochambeau, to assist the Americans. The 
British could not resist the combined forces and Lord Cornwallis, the I 
commander of the troops, was compelled to surrender with his entire 
army of 8000 men at Yorktown, Va., 1781, to General Washington. 

This ended the Revolutionary war, which had lasted eight years. 
Great Britain made a treaty with the United States and acknowledged 
their independence. 

After gaining their independence, the Americans framed a con¬ 
stitution. Thirteen States united in forming the republic in 1789. 

The executive power was to be vested in a president, who was to 
be elected every four years. 

The legislative congress was to consist of a senate and house of 
representatives. George Washington became the first President, an 
honor which he greatly deserved. 

What he has done for his country, can hardly be shown in the 
historical annals of any nation. 

New York was made the capital temporarily. At the second session 
of Congress the seat of government was transferred to Philadelphia, 
where it remained for 10 years, and then it was removed (1800) to 
Washington in the District of Columbia, a tract of land ten miles 
long. The “Father of his Country”, George Washington, laid the 
corner-stone of the capital (1793). 

George Washington was born February 22nd, 1732, and died 
December 14th, 1799. His administration lasted from 1789—1797. 


©efdjidjte bev SBercinigten ©taaten. 15 

benjamin Jranflin, roeldjem ba3 Sanb foniet ncrbanft, rourbe nadj 
granfreid; gefanbt, urn §iilfe fiir bie Gotoniften gu fucfjen. 

^Diefer grojje 2TCann madjte fid) audj aufterbem beriiljmt. (Sr crfanb 
ben ^Blitjableiter, er roar cin grower Slutor unb ^(jilofopf) unb roar einer 
berjenigen, roetdje bie Gonftitution ber SBereinigten ©taaten entroarfen. 

Gngtanb roar nun entfdjloffen, bie Goloniften gu iiberroaltigen. 17,000 
5Dliet^§truppen rourben geroonnen, befannt unter bem Sftamen §effen. 
35tele berfcl6cn nerliejjen bie 9teif)en, in benen fie gegroungen roaren gu 
fed)ten, unb fdf)Ioffen fid) ben 2lmerifanern an. 

S)ie amerifanifcfje SIrmee roar in einem fd^ted^ten guftanbe, ba faft 
alle ©olbaten unbi$ciplinirte 3^efruten unb SBolontaroffigiere roaren. 

33aron ©teuben non £)eutfcf)lanb rourbe gum ©cneralinfpeftor ernannt 
unb, banf feiner gafjigfeit in ber^riegSfunft unb feinen unermiiblicfjen 2In= 
ftrengungen ba§ rolje Material einguegerciren, fonnte ftc§ ber amerifanifdje 
©olbatbalb mitbem briiifdjen meffen. ©eorg2Baff)ington erfannte©teuben3 
Seiftungen in gebiifjrenber 2Beife an. SSaron be $atb, aud) ein 2)eutfd;er, 
Ieiftete roertfjnode 3)ienjie, uno nid)t minber ©raf *]Ma§fi unb $o3ciu3fo 
non s $oten. Safapette, ein frangofifdjjer SIMiger, unterftiiijte bie Gotcnien 
ungemein, inbem er §illf§truppen mitbrad(jte. Dbgleid) bie beutfdjje 33e= 
nolferung nocf) Item roar in ben Gotomen, fo fanbte fie boc^ itjre ©ofyne, 
urn fiir bie greifteit gu fampfen. Gin ^od^gead^teter lutljerifcfjer $farrer, 
•Iftublenberg, nertaufdjte fogar bie 23ibel mit bem ©dijroert, um ber guten 
©adf)e beiguftefjen. 

9?ad) nielen blutigen ©cfjladfjten !am ber gelbgug 8 um ©djtujg. 3 m 
gapre 1777 mugten fid) 6,000 britifdje ©olbaten unter ©enerat ©ate3, 
bei ©aratoga, 9tero ?)orf, ergeben. 3)er frangofifdje ^onig, Souis XVI., 
roeld;er Gngtanb ben SSertuft feiner Gotonien nicf)t nergeben lonnte, fanbte 
eine glotte unb eine SIrmee non 6000 9Jlann unter Slodjjambeau, um bie 
SImerifaner gu unterftii^en. ®ie SBriten fonnten ber nerbunbenen 2Qkd(jt 
nidt)t roieberfteben unb Sorb GornroadiS, ber $8efcf)l3ljaber ber Sruppen, 
roar gegroungen, fic^ mit feiner gangen Strmee non 8000 9Jtann gu 2)or U 
toron, SSirginien (1781), bem ©eneral SBaftjington gu ergeben. 

*Dic§ beenbete ben 9?enolution§frieg, roetd^er ad)t 3 a ^ re gebauert 
fyatte. ©ro$britanien madjte cinen SBertrag mit ben SSercinigten ©taaten 
unb erfannte bie Unabfyangigfeit berfetben an. 

9}adf) Grtangung itjrer Unabljangigfeit entroarfen bie Stmerifaner bie 
Gonftitution. $reigetjn ©taaten nereinigten fidf), um bie ^epublif (1789) gu 
griinben. 




16 


History of the United States. 


Although he had to encounter many difficulties, such as the scarceness 
of money, wars with the Indians, the so-called “Whiskey Rebellion”, 
affairs with Spain and Algiers, his administration proved to be very 
successful. 

The first census was taken in 1790. It was found that the popu¬ 
lation of the nation was 3,929,214. Of these 700,000 were slaves. 

John Adams’ administration (1797—1801) can hardly be said to 
have had any individuality, his four years being almost a continuation 
of Wasihington’s eight. 

The third President was Jefferson (1801—1809). During his ad¬ 
ministration Louisiana was bought. War broke out with Tripoli. A 
fleet was sent there, which bombarded the city of Tripoli, and the 
Bashaw was glad to make peace. 

In 1800 Robert Fulton built the first large steamship. 

Under Madison’s administration (1809—1817) General Harrison 
defeated the Indians near Tippecanoe, who had formed a confederacy 
of the northwestern tribes under Tecumseh, a famous chief. 

As the British emissaries had been constantly arousing the Indians 
to war, and as the English continued to capture our ships and impress 
our seamen, war was declared in 1812 against Great Britain. It lasted 
two-and-a-half years. Harrison defeated the combined forces of the 
English and Indians, and General Jackson expelled the British at New 
Orleans so forcibly that they retreated after losing 2600 men. The 
American navy had achieved some brilliant successes, but was not 
uniformly victorious. 

Monroe’s administration lasted from 1817—25. It is known as 
“The era of good feeling”. 

La Fafayette visited this country again in 1824. 

Florida was ceded to the United States. Missouri was admitted as 
a slave-state, which caused great excitement. 

In one of President Monroe’s messages he advocated a principle, 
since famous as the “ Monroe Doctrine He declared that any at¬ 
tempt by a European nation to gain dominion in America, would be 
considered by the United States as an unfriendly act. 

During John Quincy Adams’ administration the United States had 
a period of great prosperity. 

The Erie Canal was opened 1825, and the first railroad was com¬ 
pleted 1826. The national debt of $27,000,000 was diminishing at 
the rate of over $6,000,000 a year. 


©efcljid)te berS3ereinigten©taaien. 17 

Cin ^rdfibent follte atle oier gafjre erroaljlt unb mit ber t>oH= 
ftredenben 9Jtad)t befleibet roerben. 

Ter gefe^gebenbe Congrtfc fotlte auS eincm Senate unb cinern lepras 
fentantenljaufe bcfteljen. ©eorge 2Saff)ington rourbe ber erfte ^rafibent, 
eine Cl)re, roeld;e niemanb mel)r oerbiente alS er. 

28aS biefer fur fein SSaterlanb getban Ijat, bagu finbet fidj faum eine 
2litalogie in ben l)iftorifd)en Slnnalen irgenb einer Nation. 

9Jero 3)orf rourbe jur tcmpordren §auptftabt gemadjjt. gn ber gtoeitcn 
Strung beS CongrcffeS rourbe ber SftegierungSfitj nad) ^l)ilabelpl)ia vev* 
legt, too er geljn galjre blieb unb non too er 1808 nacf) -JSafljington im 
Tiftrift Columbia, einem Sanbftrid) non gefyn Stolen, iiberfiebelte. 3)er 
,,33ater fetneS SanbeS" ©eorge 2Safl)ington legte ben ©runbfiein beS 
Capitols in 1793. 

Cleorg 2$af!)ington murbe am 22. gebruar 1732 geboren unb ftarb 
am 14. §)egember 1799. Seine 5tegierung bauerte non 1789-1797, 
unb obgleid) er oiele §tnberniffe gu tiberroinDen fjatte, g. $8. ©elbarmutf), 
^riege mit ben gttbianern, bie fogenannte Sdjnapsrebedion, Conflifte mit 
Spanien unb 2llgier, crroieS fid) feine 9tegierung bocl) feljr erfolgreid). 

Ter erfte CenfuS murbe im galjre 1790 genommen. -JJtan fanb, ba$ 
tie 33eoblferung ber Nation 3,929,214 betrug. SSon biefenroaren 700,000 
Sclaoen. 

£$on ber. 3ol)n SlbamS’fdfjen Slbminiftration (1797-1801) ift faum 
etroaS SefonbereS gu crroaljnen, ba feine oier galjrc, fo gu fagen, nur eine 
gortjet 3 ung non 2Bafl)ingtonS adf)t roaren. 

Ter britte ^Srafibent roar gefferfon (1801-1809). 23dl)renb feiner 
Slbminiftration rourbe Souiftana gefauft. $rieg brad^ auS mit TripoliS. 
Cine fylotte rourbe baljin gefcfjidt, roelcfye bie Stabt TripoliS bombarbirte. 
Ter s fafcl)a roar frol), grieben fcf)liej$en gu fonnett. 

3m galjre 1800 baute Robert gulton ba§ erfte grofte Tampffdfjiff. 

Unter ber Sftcgierung beS ^rafibenten 9Jtabifon (1809-1817) befieatc 
General §arrifon bie gnbianer bei Tippecanoe. Tiefelben fatten ein 
S3itnbnt]$ gefcfyloffen, inbem Tecumfel), il;r beriifymter §auptling, bie norb= 
roeftlid^en Stamme ocreinigt fjatte. 

Ta britifd^e Slgenten beftanbig bie gnbiuncr 5 um ^neg aufftadfjelten 
unb bie Cnglanber fortfuljren, unfere Sdjjiffe rocgguneljmen unb un= 
fere Seeleute tn ifjren Tienft gu preffen, fo rourbe im 3<*l)re 1812 Cnglunb 
ber $rteg erfldrt. SDiefer bauerte groei galjre. ^arrifon fd)lug bie oereinigte 
3Kad)t ber Cnglanber unb gnbianer unb (General gadfon roarf bie Cng= 


18 


History of the United States.. 


Andrew Jackson served a term of eight years as President (1829— 
1837). The promptness of Jackson avoided great trouble, when some 
Southern States declared the tariff law null and void, and South Caro¬ 
lina even threatened to secede, if force should be employed to collect 
revenue. He issued a proclamation announcing the determination to 
execute the law, and ordered troops to Charleston. Henry Clay’s 
celebrated “Compromise Bill” restored the peace. An Indian war 
with the Sacs and Foxes was soon ended with the capture of their 
leader Black Hawk. The Florida war with the Seminoles under Osceola 
broke out in 1835 and was not ended before 1842. 

During Van Buren’s Presidency (1837—1841) a financial crisis 
took place. Property of all kinds declined in value, confidence was 
destroyed and trade stood still. Even the United States government 
could not pay its debts. This caused to weaken the confidence of the 
people in the Democratic Party and the whig nominee, General Har¬ 
rison, the hero of Tippecanoe, was chosen President by an immense 
majority in 1841. Soon after entering his duties Harrison died, and 
John Tyler, the Vice-President, became President (1841—1845). 

The Mormons had settled at Nauvoo, Ill., (1840), where they 
built a city and laid the foundation 6f a costly temple. Their city was 
bombarded, their leader killed and the inhabitants fled to Iowa (1846). 

The Magnetic Telegraph was invented by F. B. Morse. Texas 
was admitted into the Union (1844). 

During the administration of James K. Polk (1845—1849) war 
broke out with Mexico, the cause being the admission of Texas into our 
Union. The war lasted two years. General Taylor invaded Mexico 
by land, and General Scott approached Vera Cruz with a large fleet. 

The Mexican commander was Santa Anna. 

One brilliant victory succeeded another. Mexico capitulated after 
the castle of Chapultepec, situated on a high rock, was stormed. Our 
army entered the city and the stars and stripes waved in triumph over 
the palace of the Montezumas. This closed the war and a treaty was 
concluded, February 2nd, 1848. The Mexicans had to give up the 
disputed land of Texas, cede Utah, New Mexico and California for 
15 million dollars, payable by the United States. 

Three parties now divided the suffrages of the people : the whigs, 
the democrats and the free-soilers (they were opposed to slavery). 


©efd;idbteber3Sereinigten©taaten. 19 

lanber Bei Steu Orleans fo fraftig gurticf, bag fie fid; nad; einern Perluft 
non 2600 SJiann guriidgogen. ©ie amerifanifd;e gflotte gatte einige Bril? 
lante Srrungenfdgaften aufguroeifen, roar aBer nid;t immer fiegreicg. 

SJionroeS Stcgierung bauerte non 1817-1825. ©ie ift Befannt als 
„bie Periobe aUgemeiner gufriebengeit." 

2a gapette Bcfucgte biefeS 2anb roieber im ^agre 1824. 

glortba rourbe an bie SSereinigten ©taaten aBgetreten. -Jftiffouri 
rourbe 1824 in ben ©taatenBunb als ©clanenftaat gugelaffen, roa'S groge 
Slufregung nerurfacgte. 

3n eincr feiner 33otfcgaften Befurroortete Conroe ein Princip, roelcgeS 
feitbem als „ s Iftonroe ©octrine" Belannt ift. Sr erfldrte, bag irgenb ein 
SSerfud; einer curcpdifcgen SJtacgt, Sanb in Stmerifa gu erroerBen, non ben 
SSereinigten ©taaten als ein unfreunblicger Sift gu Betracgten fei. 

■JBagrenb ber Slbminiftration non 3 . Q-. SlbamS fatten bie SSereinig? 
ten ©taaten eine ^periobe grogen ©liideS. 

©er Sriecanal rourbe im 3 a t) re 1825 bem S5etrieB iiBergeBen unb in 
1826 rourbe bie erfte SifenBagn nollenbet. ©ie SZationalfcgulb non $27,? 
000,000 nerringerte fid) um $6,000,000 per 2>af)r. 

Slnbrero 3 a dfon Befleibete baS Stmt cineS Prafibenten ad^t 3agre 
(1829-1837). ©aS prompte Stnfcgreiten 3adionS nergiitete groges Un? 
geil, als einige fiiblkge ©taaten baS ©arifgefeg fur ungliltig erflarten unb 
fogar brogten auS bem ©taatenBunb auSgutreten, roenn ©eroalt geBraucgt 
roerben follte, um bie ©teuern eingutreiBen. Sr erlieg eine proclamation, 
in ber er feine SlBficgt Befannt mad;te, baS SJefeig burcggufiigren, unb 
fcgidte fogleicg S3unbeStruppen nacg SgarleSton. §enrp Slap’s Beriigmte 
„Sompromife 23ill" (Sntrourf gum SSerglcicg) ftedte ben grieben roieber 
ger. Sin inbianifcger $rieg mit ben ©acS unb go^eS rourbe Balb Beenbet, 
inbem beren §auptling 23tad §arof gefangen genommen rourbe. ©er 
gloribofrieg mit ben ©eminolen unter Osceola Bracg im ^agre 1825 auS 
unb rourbe erft in 1842 Beenbet. 

SBdgrenb ber Slbminiftration bcS Prafibenten 3San 33uren (1837— 
1841) Bracg eine finangiede $rifiS auS. SlUeS fanf im SBertg, baS 3u? 
trauen roar gefcgrounben unb §anbel unb SBanbel ftodten. ©ogar bie 
SSereinigten ©taaten Stegierung fonnte igre ©cgulben nicgt Begaglen. 
§ierburd; rourbe baS SSertrauen beS SSolfS in bie bemofratifcge Stegierung 
erfdjuttert, unb bie golge roar, bag ber Sanbibat ber 2BgtgS, (General 
§arrifon, ber §elb non ©ippecanoc, mit einer ungegeuren Sftegrgeit als 
Prafibent errodglt rourbe. Sr garB jebod) Balb nad; fcinem SlmtSantritt, 
unb gogn ©pier, ber 3Sice?Prdfibent, rourbe Prafibent (1841—1845). 


20 HistoryoftheUnitedStates. . 

General Taylor, the nominee of the whigs, was elected President 
(1849). He died soon after his elevation to the Presidency. 

Millard Fillmore, Vice-President, succeeded him (1849—1853). 

The slavery question was the topic of this administration, and for 
a while it seemed as if the Union would be rent asunder. The efforts 
of Plenry Clay and Daniel Webster however effected a compromise 
through their “Omnibus Bill”. 

An attempted annexation of Cuba to the United States, by ad¬ 
venturers, under their leader, Lopez failed, and the latter was executed 
at Havana. 

During Pierce’s administration (1853—1857], trouble commenced 
again when A. Douglas brought into Congress a bill, advocating the 
doctrine, that the inhabitants of each Territory should have the right to 
decide whether the State should come into the Union free or slave. 
It became a law. This caused great trouble when elections took place. 
For several years Kansas was a scene of lawless violence. 

In 1854 Commodore Perry effected a treaty with Japan, which 
gave to the merchants of the United States two ports of entry in that 
exclusive country. 

The slave question became now the turning point of election. A 
new party, (Republican) was formed and nominated John C. Fremont. 
The democratic party nominated James Buchanan, who was elected 
President. (1857—1861). 

When Chief-Justice Taney declared that slave-owners had a right 
to take their slaves into any state in the Union without forfeiture, the 
Northern people considered this act as removing the last barrier to the 
extension of slavery, and as changing it from a local to a national 
institution, the Southern people however accepted it as* a right guaran¬ 
teed by the Constitution. 

John Brown, a man who had been worrying over all these pro¬ 
ceedings, thought himself called upon to take the law into his own 
hands, seized the United States Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry (1859) and 
proclaimed freedom to all the slaves in that vicinity. He was soon 
overpowered by United States troops and was hanged as a traitor. 
Brown’s act was considered by the South as the general sentiment of 
the North. 

A third party under the name of the American or Know-Nothing 
party, was organized. Its motto was “America for Americans.” It 
soon ceased to exist. 


© e f d) i cfy t e bcr SBereinigten Staaten. 


21 


$ie 9)lormonen fatten fid^ in 9?aunoo, (1840) niebergelaffen, too 
fie einc Stabt griinbeten unb ben ©runbftein 311 einem foftfpieligen Stempel 
legten. $$rc Stabt rourbe bombarbirt, ifjr Slnfiiljrer getobtet unb bie ©in* 
roofjner ftot^en nadj 3°roa (1846). 

3?. 33. 9Jtorfe erfanb ben magnetifctjen Selegrapl). £e£aS rourbe im 
IJaljre 1844 gur Union gugelaffen. 

SKprenb ber ?prdfibcntfd>aft non ^ameS St. $oll (1846—1849) bradf) 
$rieg rnit iDZe^ifo auS. Utjadje beffelben roar ber ©intritt non £eja 3 in 
bie Union. $Vr $rieg bauerte groei ©eneral Xaplor brang gu 

Sanb in 9Jterifo ein unb ©eneral Scott ndljcrte fid() SBera ©m 3 mit einer 
ftarlen fylotte. 

2>er megifanifdjje DberbefeljlSbaber roar Santa 21nna. 

©in glangenber Sieg folgte bem anbern. ^Rejrifo capitulirte, nad^bem 
bie auf einem Ijofyen gelfen gelegene f 5 e f ^ un 3 (S^aputtepec erftiirmt roar. 
Un[cr §eer gog in bie Stabt ein unb iiber bem ^palafte beS $onigS Contes 
guma roefjten bie Sterne unb Streifen. SDamit roar ber -Strieg beenbet unb 
am 2 . Jcbruar 1848 f am e i n ggerirag gu Stanbe, nacf) roelcfyem bie -iDtesU 
laner baS beftrittene 2anb non £ej;a3, Utaf), 9teu ^Jlegifo unb ©alifornien 
gegen cine ©ntfcfjabigungSfumme non 15 9)Mionen ^Dollars an bie 33 ers 
einigten Staaten abtreten mugten. 

2 )rei ^parteien tljeilten fid; jetjt in bie SBaljlftimmeit beS SJSolfeS : bie 
SBljigS, bie ©emofratcn unb bie „3free=SoilerS" (greifyanbler). Severe 
roaren gegen Sflanerei. 

©eneral Raptor, ber ©anbibat ber 2 Bljig§, rourbe gum ^rafibenten er« 
roafjlt (1849). ©r ftarb jebodf) balb, nacf)bem er gum $rafibenten erljoben 
roorben roar, unb ^Dtidarb Jillmore, ber 33 ice=$rdjtbent, riicfte in feine 
Stettc ein (1849—1853). 

SDie Sllanereifrage Ijielt bie 3Cbminiftraiion in 21tl)em, unb eine $eit 
lang fc^ten eS, als ob bie Union fid^ attpfen rourbe. SDanf ben 33emul)un= 
gen §enrp ©tap’s unb 2)aniel 2Bebjter’S lam jebod; ein SSergleidf) gu 
Stanbe, ber unter bem -ftatnen bie „DmnibuSs33itt" befannt ift. 

2 )er unter giifjrung eineS geroiffen Sopag non einigen Slbenteurcrn ges 
madf)te 33erfudj, ©uba an bie Sereinigten Staaten gu annegiren, fdjlug fefjl 
unb £opag rourbe in §ananna l)ingeridf)tet. 

Unter fierce’s 3fbminiftration (1853—1857) entftanben neue 2Birs 
ren, alS 31. 3 )oitglaS etnen ©efefcentrourf einbrad;te, bemgufolge bie 33e= 
roofjner jebeS ^erritoriumS ba§ 9 ?ed>t fyaben fottten, gu entfdfjeiben, ob ifjr 
©ebiet als Sllaoen= ober alS freicr Staat in bie Union eintreten foUte. 


22 


History of the United States. - 

There were three tickets in the field, two democratic tickets and 
one republican. Abraham Lincoln the republican candidate, whose 
doctrine was to protect slavery where it was, and to prohibit it in free 
territories, was elected (i860). 

This caused the secession of the South, as they believed in the 
doctrine of State rights, which taught that a State could leave the 
Union whenever it pleased. South Carolina seceded first, then 
followed Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. 
At Montgomery, Ala., a government was formed, called the “Confe¬ 
derate States of America. ’ ’ Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi was chosen 
President. United States forts, arsenals, customhouses and ships were 
seized by the Confederate States in which they were situated, without 
being interfered with by Buchanan. The first step of the Confederate 
States was to bombard Fort Sumter, where Major Anderson was sta¬ 
tioned ; he had only 70 men and the Confederates 7000. He held out 
34 hours and then was compelled to surrender. 

Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated March 4, 1861, surrounded by 
troops, under General Scott. 

Lincoln issued a requisition of 75,000 men and 300,000 volunteers 
enlisted. • 

Richmond, Virginia, was made the Confederate capital. Troops 
rushed from the South to Virginia and threatened Washington. Ar¬ 
lington Heights and Alexandria were seized by the national troops, which 
protected Washington from immediate danger and the Sixth Massa¬ 
chusetts Regiment came to its defense; it was attacked in Baltimore. 
Thus the first blood in the civil war, was shed on x\pril 19, 1861. 

The Confederate troops under command of General Beauregard 
advanced towards Washington and the Northern army under McClellan 
advanced towards Richmond. A battle was fought at Bull Run and 
the Union army was defeated by Stonewall Jackson. This disheartened 
the Northern people but made them so much more determined to 
subdue the South. $500,000,000 were voted by Congress and 500,000 
men were recruited. Now war was carried on in Texas, on the coast 
of the Carolinas, near the Potomac and the Mississippi. 

Among the Generals of the Union army were McClellan, Butler, 
Burnside, Hallek, Sherman, Grant, Banks, Rosenkranz, Logan, Siegel, 
Meade and Sheridan. The most eminent generals of the Confederate 
army Beauregard, Lee and Jackson. 


23 


©efcfyicfyte ber hereinig ten Staaten. 

0er Gntrourf erlangte G5efe$e3fraft, uub bieS Ijatte bic golge, baft e§ Bet 
ben ndcftften SSaftlen febr unrulug fterging. Gine 9teif)e non ^Ijren f)ins 
burcft toar $an[a$ ber ©c^auplaft gefcftroibriger ©emalttljdtigletten. 

3m 3<*ftre 1854 erroirfte Gommobor $errp einen SScrtrag mit 3apan, 
meldjjer ben ^aufleuten ber 23ereinigten ©taaten gmei ©eeljafen in jenern 
bi3 baf)in bem SSerlefjr oerfcfttoffenen £anbe bffnete. 

SDte 0flaoenfrage gab bet ber 2Bal)l ben 21u§fdf)tag. Gine neue $ars 
let, bie republifanifcfje, tourbe gegrlinbet unb nomintrte 3ol)K G. gremont. 
3 )ie ©emofraten nominirlen 3ame3 33ucf)anan, unb biefer tourbe gum ^ra* 
fibenten errodf)lt (1857—1861). 

2113 Dberrid)ter £anep erfldrte, baft 0flaoenbeftfter baS S^ed^t ftatten, 
il)re 0 Uaoen in irgenb einen 0 taat mitgunebmen, ofjne i^r SBefiftredjt auf 
fie 311 oertoirfen, ba betrad^tete ba3 norblidje 23olf oiefeS al3 einen 2 tct, ber 
bie leftte 0 cftranfe gegen bie 2lu3breitung ber 0 Uaoerei niebertoarf unb 
biefe felbft au§ einer localen in eine nationale Ginricfttung umroanbelte. 
2)a3 fiiblidje SSoIf bagegen beanfprudjte bie§ al§ ein burdf; bie Gonftitution 
gemal)rleifiete$ !Hed^t. 

So^n 23roron, ein 5Jlann, ber iiber atte biefe SSorgdnge gegrtibell fjatte, 
fuftlte fid) berufen, ba§ ©efeft felbft in bie §attb gu neljmcn. Gr er* 
griff $ 8 efi§ non bem SSereinigten 0 taaten Slrfenal in §arper’3 gerrt) 
(1859) unb octfiinbete alien bort umfjer tebenben 0flaoen bie greifjeit. 
Gr tourbe jebodb balb oon SSereinigten 0taaten SDmppett iibertoaltigt 
unb al3 §od)oerrdtljer geljenft. Proton’s ^at tourbe oon bem 0 iiben al3 
ein 2 lu&fluft ber im gangen Corbett f)errfcf)enben Gefinnung angefe^eu. 

Gine britte $artei bilbete fid) unter bem 9?amen „$)ie Slmerifanifcfte 
ober $noronotbing=$artei" [9Ud;t3miffer]. 3 ^ r SBaftlfprud^ mar : „ 2 (mes 
rifa fiir Slmerifaner", aber fie beftanb nidjt lange. 

G§ toaren brei SBa^lgettel im gelbe, ?mci bemofratifdje unb ein repubs 
lifanifdjer. ©eroa^lt murbe [1860] Slbra^am Sincoln, ber republifanifc^e 
Ganbibat, beffen ^pringip e3 mar, bie 0!laoerei ba, mo fie e^iftirte, beigubes 
ftalten, aber fie gu ocrbicten in freien 0 taaten. 

$ie§ fjatte gur golge, baft ber 0iiben au3 ber Union auSfc^ieb ; benn 
bort ftuloigte man ber £cf)re oon ben ©taatenrecfjten, toonacft e§ jcbem 
0taate freiftelje, ficfj oon ber Union loSgufagen, fobalb er e3 fur gut befinbe. 
0iib = Garolina trat guerft au§, bann folgten -BUffiffippi, gloriba, 
Sllabama, Georgia, Souifiana unb £e£a3. 3 n Sftontgomerp, 2 lla v murbe 
eine 9iegierung eingefeftt, unter bem 9?amen „Gonfoberirte 0taaten oon 
Slmerifa". geffcrfon ®aoi§ oon SJttffiffippi tourbe gum ^rdfibenten ers 
mdftlt. £ie SSereinigten 0 taaten 2 lrfenale, geftungen, 3 °^^ u f cr un ^ 


24 History of the United States. 

A seven days battle was fought before Richmond, in which Mc¬ 
Clellan was compelled to retreat; the battles in the Shenandoah 
Valley, and the second battle of Bull Run were also lost, and the Union 
troops were obliged to retreat towards Washington. Butler of the 
Union army had taken possession of New Orleans. General Grant was 
victorious on the Mississippi. The Confederates were successful in Vir¬ 
ginia and Maryland, until General Meade, commander of the Army of 
the Potomac, defeated them before Gettysburg and compelled them to 
retreat from Maryland. * 

The greatest stronghold of the Confederates in the Mississippi 
Valley was Vicksburg, which General Grant took by storm after Sher¬ 
man had been repulsed. 

Grant, made commander-in-chief of the United States army, be¬ 
gan a new campaign in Virginia. 

General Grant, a plain, quiet, gentle, unostentatious, reticent man, 
attracted little attention to himself personally. But his inflexible re¬ 
solution, that held steadily to its purpose through every delay and dis¬ 
aster ; his fertility of resource to meet each movement of his wary op¬ 
ponents ; his power of handling great masses of men, and of maneuver¬ 
ing in concert the widely-separated Federal armies ; his unruffled 
calmness, alike in moments of defeat and of triumph ; his quick de¬ 
cision and prompt action in a great emergency, as if he had foreseen 
and prepared for it; above all, his sublime faith in his ultimate and 
perfect success, inspired his companions-in-arms with an intense devo¬ 
tion, and made him seem to them the very “incarnation of the cause 
for which they were fighting. 

Both armies suffered heavy losses, without a positive gain for either 
army. At last Sheridan was successful in the Shenandoah Valley. 
Sherman on his “March to the Sea” gained firm footing in the Caro- 
linas and cut off all communication between the Confederates there and 
those at Richmond. The Union army gained more ground and the 
cause of the Confederates, after losing New Orleans, Texas, Mississippi 
and Florida, was considered lost. They had to evacuate one strong¬ 
hold after another, Jefferson Davis had to flee from Richmond and Lee 
had to retreat. Grant compelled him to capitulate on the 9th of April, 
1865, which terminated the war. 

Great joy prevailed over this triumph. The country was terror- 
stricken, when the news spread over the country that Abraham Lincoln 


© c f d) i d; t e b c r 3? c r c i n i 91 c it © i a a t e n. 25 

0d)tffe, bie fid; auf bem Soben ber confbberivten ©taaten Befanben, mur= 
ben non biefen, oBne baft Sudjanan CinfpracBe erftoB, in Sefift genommcn. 
^cr erfte ©djritt ber confoberirten ©taaten mar bie SefcBieftung be§ gort 
©urnter, mo 9Jiajor 2lnberfon mit nur 70 dftann ftationirt mar, ma^renb 
bic Confoberirten 7000 fatten. 2lnberfon Beftauptete fid) 34 ©tunben 
lang, bann faft er fid^ gegmungen, gu capituliren. 

2IBraftam Lincoln murbe, umgeBen non £ruppen unter ©eneral 
©cott, am 4. Olidrg 1861 feierlicft al§ $rafibcnt eingefeftt. 

Cr orbnete bie 2lu§fteBung non 75,000 9Jtonn an unb 300,000 grei* 
midige lieften ficft anmcrBen. 

SUdjmonb, Sa., murbe gur §aupiftabt ber Confoberirten ©taaten er* 
ftoBen. Sruppen eilten 00 m ©iiben nad; Sirginien unb Bebroftten 2BafB= 
ington. Um bic SunbeSftauptftabt nor unmittelBarer (Uefa^r gu fdjiitjen, 
murben Arlington unb 2lle£anbria mit UnionStruppen Befeftt. 2 (ucft baS 
fecftfte 9 ftaffacftufett§ Regiment eitte gur Sertfteibigung fterBei. 2 llS biefeS 
am 19. 2 tpril burcft Baltimore fam, murbe eS angegriffen. §ter mar c§, 
mo ba§ erfte Slut irn Siirgerfriege nergoffen murbe. 

®ie confoberirten £ruppen, unter bem Sefeftl beS ©eneral Seaure= 
garb, marfd)irten gegen 2 Bafftington, unb bie norblicfte 2 lrmee, unter 
9JicCledan, riidte gegen 9ttd>monb nor. Sei Sud 9tun fam eS gur 
©djlacBt, in metier bie UntonSarmee non ©tonemad ^adfon gefcftlagen 
murbe. £)ieS entmutBigte baS norb!icBe Solf, aBer um fo mcftr mar e-3 
entfcftloffen, ben ©Iiben gu untermerfen. 500,000,000 2)odarS murben 
nom Congreft Beroidigt, 500,000 OJlann murben auSgeftoBen, unb nun ents 
Brannte ber $rieg in Se^aS, an ber $iifte ber Beiben Carolina^, am $otos 
mac unb am 3Jtiffiffippi. 

Unter ben ©enerdlen ber UnionSarmee maren 2JtcCledan, Sutler, 
Surnfibe, §adef, ©Berman, ©rant, SanfS, Sffofenfrang, Sogan, ©fegel, 
Slleabe unb ©Beriban bie Bernorragenbften. ®ie Bebeutenbfren §eerfiiBrer 
ber Confoberirten maren Seauregarb, See unb Sadfon. 

Cine fieBentagige ©cBlacBt murbe nor 9ticftmonb gefcBlagen, burdj 
melcBe ^HcCledan genotftigt murbe, ficB furudgugieften. 2 lud) bie ©cftlacB* 
ten ira ©BenanboaBtBale unb bie gmeite ©df)fad)t Bei Sud 9tun enbeten mit 
9 Ueberlagen ber UnionStruppen, bie infolgebeffen genotBigt maren, ficB nacB 
SSafBington guriidgugieBen. Sutler, non ber UnionSarmee, Uarte Sefift 
non 9 ?em Orleans genommen. ©eneral ©rant mar fiegreicB am 2Jliffiffippi. 
$)ie Conforberirten bagegen Bel)ielten bie OBerljanb in Sirginien unb 
2 )lari)lanb, Bis ©eneral 9Jieabe, ber Sefef)l^B a ^ cr for ^otomacarmee fie 
nor ©ettpSBurg fcBlug unb baburcB gmang, Sflarplanb gu raumen. 


26 


History of the United States. 

was assassinated, by Wilkes Booth, April 14th, 1865. The murderer 
was shot down soon afterwards in Maryland. 

Slavery was abolished throughout the United States, but the 
country had lost over one million of men and the government was in¬ 
debted $2,750,000,000; the Southern States were desolated. 

Andrew Johnson became now president (1865—1869). 

At the close of the war the Union Army, numbering 1,000,000 
soldiers, was disbanded. 

The Thirteenth Amendment, abolishing slavery, was declared duly 
adopted as a part of the Constitution of the United States (Dec. 1865). 

Alaska was bought from Russia for $7,200,000; it contains about 
500,000 square miles. 

Napoleon III., Emperor of France, tried to secure a foothold in 
Mexico. Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, was chosen emperor. 
According to the “ Monroe doctrine” the United States demanded of 
Napoleon to recall the French troops. Maximilian, deprived of foreign 
aid, fell in the hands of the Mexican liberals and was shot. 

The Atlantic cable was laid (1,864 miles in length) from Valentia 
Bay, in Ireland, to Hearts Content, in Newfoundland. The Great 
Eastern sailed with it in June, 1866, and successfully accomplished the 
feat. 


On the 4th of March, 1869, Ulysses S. Grant became president of 
the United States (1869—1877). After the close of his presidential 
terms, he made a tour around the world. He was received everywhere 
with enthusiasm and honor. He died at Mount Gregor, N. Y., 1885. 

The Fifteenth Amendment, which guarantees to all the right of 
suffrage, irrespective of “race, color, or previous condition of servi¬ 
tude ”, was announced as a part of the Constitution (March 30, 1870). 

The nation rapidly recovered from the effects of war, and the 
national debt was reduced $200,000,000 during the first two years of 
this administration. 

A great fire devastated 3000 acres in Chicago, Ill., in 1871, burned 


27 


©efdjidjte bcr SSercinigten ©taaten. 

2)ie ftarffte $eftung ' m ^ftiffiffippitljale mar SSidgburg. ©enerat 
©rant nafjm fie im ©turm, nacJjbem ©german gurudgefctftaaeu roar. 

S3alb barauf rourbe ©rant gum Dberbefeljlgljaber ber iBereinigten ©taaten 
SIrmee ernannt unb begann einen neuen gelbgug in 23irginien. 

©eneral ©rant, ein gebilbeter aber einfadjer, rugger, prunfiofer unb 
guriidljaltenber 9Jtann, gog perfbnlic(j faft gar feine 2lufmerffamfeit auf fidf). 
Slber fein unbeugfamer 2Bifte, roelc^er beftanbig, after §inberniffe unb 
©efaljren ungead;tet, fein 3iet im 21uge beljielt, feine ginbigfeit, jebem 
SXngriff feiner ©egner gu begegnen, feine $unft, grofee Sruppenforper unb 
bie rocit non einanber manonerirenben §eeregabtl)eilungen ber Unions 
armee nacf) einfjeitlidjen ©efidfjtgpunften ficfjer gu leiten, feine eiferne 9tuf)e 
in ber 9iiebertage ober beg ©iegeg; feine rafcfye ©ntfdjeibung unb fein ent= 
fcfyloffeneg §anbeln in ber 9iotf), alg ob er fotc^e norbergefefjen unb fid) 
barauf norberehet ^atte, nor Stftem fein fefteg 33ertrauen auf feinen enb= 
lichen ©rfolg, infpirirte feine itampfgenoffen unb liejj i^n bei biefen als Pie 
SScrforperung beg gu erfampfenben gielg erfdjjeinen. 

2)ie beiberfeitigen §eere erlttten fcf)roere ^ieberlagen, oljne einen 
materieften 23ortf)ei( gu geroinnen. ©dftiejglidj geroann ©fjeriban im 
©benanboaljtfjate bie Dberfjanb unb ©Ijerman fajjte auf feinem „§eereggug 
gur ©ee" feften gufe in ben (Saroltnag. ©aburdfj roar ben Gonfoberirten 
in 9tid)monb jebe 35erbinbung abgefcfjnitten. J)ie llniongarmee errang 
immer meljr $ortfjeile unb atg fie 9tero Drleang, ^ejaS, SJiiffiffippi unb 
gtoriba in ifjre ©eroalt befommen Ijatte, rourbe bie ©acfye ber Gonfoberirten 
alg nertoren betrac^tet. ©te muf 3 ten eine geftung nacf) ber anberen aufs 
geben, ^efferfon iDanig fab fidj genotljigt aug 9tidf)monb gu fliefjen unb See 
mufjte ficb guriidgiefjen. 2tm 9. 2tprit 1865 groang ©rant ben le^teren gu 
capituliren. SDamit roar ber &rieg beenbet. 

©rofter ^ubet f;crrfd;te iiber biefen £riumplj. Sftber roie nom ©d)recf 
gelafjmt roar bag Sanb, alg bie $unbe ficfj nerbreitete, bafr iftbraljam 
Sincoln am 14. 2lpril 1865 non SBilfcg 23ootl) ermorbet roorben fei. S)er 
9Jtorber rourbe fpdter in SJtarptanb erfcf)offen. 

£>ie ©flanerei roar nun in aften Sweden ^ er s ^ er * ©taaten abgefcf)afft, 
aber bag Sanb Ijatte iiber eine 5Dtiftion ©olbaten nerloren, bie 9tegierung 
ftatte eine ©djulbenlaft non $2,750,000,000 unb bie fiiblicf)en ©taateu 
roaren nerroiiftet. SDie Uniongarmee, 1,000,000 ftarf, rourbe aufgeloft. 

llnter Slnbrero ^obnfon’g iprafiDcntfcbaft (1865—1869) rourbe bag 
breigeljnte Slmenbment, roeldt)eg bie ©flanerei fur aufgeboben erftart, alg 
ein Sljeil ber Gonftitution ber 33ereinigten ©taaten am 18. ©egember 1865 
proclamirt. 


28 History of the United States. 

down 25,000 buildings and destroyed 200,000,000 dollars worth of 
property. A fire destroyed in Boston, Mass., in 1872, 70,000,000 
dollars worth of property. 

The Alabama claim, according to which the English government 
was to pay for the damages to American commerce caused by the 
Alabama and other Confederate cruisers was submitted to a board of 
arbitrators, which awarded the United States $15,500,000. 

The difficulty with regard to the boundary between the United 
States and British America, was submitted to the Emperor of Cermany 
and was decided in favor of the United States. 

A great financial crisis, in 1873, caused the ruin of hundreds of 
prominent firms all over the country. 

To commemorate the signing of the Declaration of Independence, 
an exhibition of the arts and industries of all nations was held at 
Philadelphia, during the summer of 1876. 

The Modoc Indians, refusing to stay upon their reservation, were 
brought to terms and forced to surrender. In a war with the Sioux 
Indians General Custer was killed. 

In the following presidential campaign both parties claimed the 
victory. The dispute was settled by five senators, five representatives 
and five judges of the Supreme Court. This body decided in favor of 
the republican candidate, Rutherford B. Hayes, having received 185 
electoral votes, the democratic candidate, Samuel J. Tilden, having 
received only 184. 

President Hayes (1877—•1881) withdrew the troops from South 
Carolina and Louisiana, which had sustained the republican State 
governments and democratic officials took control of the local affairs. 

In 1873, Congress made gold the sole standard of our currency. 
In 1878 a bill was passed making silver a legal tender in payment of all 
debts. 


©cfdjicfyte bcr SSerctnigtcn ©taaten. 


29 


2Ila3fa raurbe non 9tufelanb fur $7,200,000 g»fauft. ©3 Befte^t au3 
ungefdfyr 500,000 Quabratmcilen. 

3ngrotfd(jen ucrfudfjte Napoleon III., 5?aifer uon granfretcfj, feftcn 
gttft in ^ftejico gu faffcn. 2RajimiIian, ©rgfjergog uon Defterreidj), raurbe 
al3 $aifer bort eingefe^t. 2)a uertangten, ber „9Jtonroe ^Doctrine" gemafj, 
bie 93ereintgteu ©taaten uon Napoleon, bafc er bie frangofifd^cn Sruppcn 
guriidgiefye. $)ie3 gefdjafy. SDaburcfy ber auSlanbifd(jen Unterftiii^ung bc= 
rau&t, fiel 9)ta£imilian in bie §anbe ber mc£tfanifdjen ^ibcralen unb raurbe 
erfd)offcn. 

SDaS atlantifdje ©abel raurbe, in ber Sdnge uon 1,864 9Jiei!en, uon 
3SaI.entia 33ap in Jj^nnb nad(j §eart3 Content in 9Zeufunbtanb gelegt. 
$)er „©reat ©aitern" fegelte bamit im ^uni 1866 uon SSalentia 33ap ab 
unb fiifyrte ba§ Unternefymen crfotgreidfj au§. 

21m 4. 9)tdrg 1869 trat Ulpffe3 ©. ©rant bie ^rafibentfcfjaft an 
(1869—1877). 9tacfj feiner ac^tja^rtgcn Slbminiftration madjjtc er einc 
9teife um bie 2Belt. ©r raurbe IiberaE mit ©ntljufia§mu3 cmpfangcn unb 
mit ©f)renbcgeugungen iiberfyauft. ©r ftarS gu Sftount 2Jk©regor, 9L %)., 
1885. 

$Da3 fiinfgeljntc 21menbment, ra<dd[je3 21tfen ba3 3^cc^t uerleifjt, gu 
raafjlen obne 9tucf|'idjt auf 9tace, garbe ober uorljergefjenbc ©flauerei, 
raurbe al3 £fjeil ber ©onftitution am 30. -iDtdrg 1870 proclamirt. 

£ie Nation er^olte fidj rafcf) uon ben golgen be3 $riege3 unb bie 
9tationalfd)uib nmrbe um 200 3Jtittionen 2)ollar3 rodfjrenb ber crften gract 
galjre biefer 21bminiftration rebujirt. 

©in gro^e§ geuer uerraiiftete im 3>af)re 1871 e i ne ®trede uon 3000 
2(cfer in ©bicago, 3tt., brannte 25,000 ©ebaube nieber unb gerftorte ©igen= 
tf)um im SSertlje uon iiber 200 9JMionen ^Dollars. 21ud) in 33ofton, 
2ftaf)., murben iiber 70,000,000 ^DoHar^ ©tgentfjum burc§ geuer gerftbrt. 

SDte SHabamaforberung, ber gufolge bie englifcfje 9tegierung megen bcr 
burd; bie Alabama unb anbere confoberirte ^reuger bem §anbel gugefugten 
23eeintrad(jtigungen ©cljabenerfat} leiften fottte, raurbe ber ©ntfdfjeibung 
eine§ 2Iu3fdf)uffe3 iiberlaffen, ber ben SSereinigten ©taaten $15,500,000 
gufpradfj. 

‘Die ©treitfrage megen ber ©renge graifdjjen ben SSereinigten ©taaten 
unb S3ritifd) Slmerifa raurbe ber ©nt[d)eibung be3 $aifer3 uon $Deutfd)Ianb 
anfjeimgeftcttt, raeldjer gu ©unften ber $ereinigtea ©taaten entfdfjieb. 

©ine grofce finangicHe ^rifi3 fiifjrte im 3 a ^) re 1873 ben Sftnin uon 
Ijunberten uon prominenten £anbcl3f)dufern im gangen Sanbe Fjerbei. 

3ur ©ebdd&tnifjfeier ber Untergeidf)nung ber Unabf)dngig!eit3crfldrung, 


30 


History of the United States. 


Yellow fever broke out in New Orleans in 1878, which caused 
7000 deaths. 

The resumption of specie payments (1879) brought gold and silver 
into general circulation again. 

The census of 1880 showed that the population of the United 
States was over 50,000,000. 

In 1881 James A. Garfield became President. Only a few months 
after his elevation to the presidency, Garfield was assassinated. The 
startling tidings produced profound sorrow all over the country. 

Now Chester A. Arthur, the vice-president, took the oath and 
assumed the duties of President (1881—1885). He died after a long 
illness in 1886. 

Chinese immigration into the United States was prohibited for 
ten years [1882]. 

Letter-postage was reduced from three cents to two cents for each 
half ounce. 

A Civil Service Bill, regulating the appointments and promotions, 
by means of examinations was passed (1883). 

A Treaty with Mexico was passed (1884). 

After the Republican Party had been in power for twenty-four 
years, the people decided to have a change and elected Grover 
Cleveland, the democratic nominee, President of the United States. 

The Vice-President Hendricks died in 1885. 

General Grant died also in 1885. 

A Presidential Succession Law was passed in 1886 providing that 
if, at any time, there should be no President or Vice-President, the 
office of President should be conferred upon a member of the Cabinet, 
the order of succession being as follows: the Secretaries of State, 


©efdjid;tc ber SSeretnigten Staatcn. 31 

mtrbe maljrenb beS Sommers 1876 in ^tlabelpfyta eine 2BcItau3ftcdung 
abgefjalten. 

Tie 2Jtoboc gnbianer meigerten fid) auf iljrcr 9tcfernation gu bleibcn, 
Ttmrbcn aber gegmungen, fid) gu untermcrfen. 3 n einem ^riege mit ben 
Siourinbiancrn rourbe ©cneral (Sufter getbbtet. 

23ei bcr folgenben ^rafibentenroaljl beanfprudfjten betbe ffarteien ben 
©icg. . Ter Streit wurbc non funf Senaioren, funf ^itgliebern bcS 
2lbgeorbnctenljaufeS unb funf Dberridf)tern beigelegt. Tiefcr 2(u3fd[juj5 
entfcfjieb gu CJunften beS republi!anifd)en Canbibaten, S'tutljerforb 33. §apes, 
bcr 185 Clectoralftimmen befommcn I)atte, maljrenb fur Samuel 3- Silben, 
ben bcmofratifcfjen Canbibaten, nur 184 abgegeben morben roaren. 

^rafibcnt §ape3 (1877—1881) gog bie Truppen non ©iib Carolina 
unb Souifiana guritd, melcfye ber repubtifanifdjjcn StaatSregierung beiges 
ftanben fatten, unb bemofratifcfje 23eamten iibernaljmcn fofort bie Contrcde 
ader localen 2lngelegenl)eiten. 

3m 3<*fjre 1873 erfjob ber Congrefc baS ©olb gum eingigen -Iftajgftab 
beS courfirenben ©elbeS, unb im 3 a § re l 8 ? 8 murbe ein G$cfe§ paffirt, 
nadlj meld^em Silber alS gefe£maf$ige§ 3 a ^ un 3 g mittcl 8 ur Stlgung ader 
Sdjulbcn anerfannt murbe. 

Ta§ gelbe gieber bradjj im 3 a 5 re l 8 ? 8 * n Orleans auS unb 
raffle 7000 SDtafcfjenleben Ijin. 

Cine 2Bieberaufnaljme non 3 a ^ un 9 cn in Hingenber 9Jtiinge bracljte 
im 3al)re 1879 ©olb unb Silber roiebcr in allgemcine Circulation. 

Ter CenfuS non 1880 ergab, bafe bie 23enolferung in ben 3Sereinigten 
Staaten iiber 50,000,000 Seelen betrug. 

3m 3af)re 1881 tnurbe 3 ame§ 21* ©arfielb ffkafibent, aber nur me* 
nige donate nac^ feinem 2lmt§antritt murbe er ermorbet. Tie traurige 
33otfd)aft erregte adgemeine Trauer im gangen Sanbc. 

9£un leiftete Cfjefter 21. 2lrttjur, ber 2Sice=$rafibent, ben 2lmtSeib unb 
ubcrnafjm bie fj$flicf)ten cineS fprdfibenten (1881—1885). Cr ftarb nadf) 
langerer Slranffjeit im 3«^re 1886. 

Tie cljinefifclje Cinroanberung in bie SScreinigten ©taaten murbe fur 
bie Tauer non 10 3aljren nerboten (1882). 

TaS 23riefporto murbe non brei auf gmei Cents per Ijalbe Unge rebus 
girt. 

Cin Cinilbienftgefe^, meldfjcS bie Crnennung unb 23efbrbcrung non 
33eamten an baS 23efteljen einer norauSgegangenen ^Sriifung fniipfte, murbe 
im 3a^re 1883 paffirt. 

Cin SSertrag mit fdtesico murbe im 3<*Ijre 1884 untergeicljnet. 


32 


History of the United States. 


Treasury and War, the Attorney General, the Postmaster-General, and 
the Secretaries of the Navy, the Interior and the Agriculture. 

Seven Anarchists were sentenced to death and five were hanged 
for throwing dynamite-bombs, which resulted in the death of seven 
policemen. 

Great calamity was caused in Charleston, S. C., by earthquake 
shocks, which continued for months and almost desolated that city. 
In the surrounding country the earth subsided from three to eight feet. 

In the campaign of 1888, the republicans came out victorious, 
electing Benjamin Harrison President of the United States. 

A conflict with Germany, about the Samoan Islands, was satis¬ 
factorily settled by a board of Arbitration in Berlin. 

According to the census, taken in 1890, under the able supervi¬ 
sion of Robert P. Porter, the population of the United States was 
62,622,250. 




©efdjicbteber2?eretnigten0taaten. 33 

•iftadjbem bie republifanifdje ^artei nierunbgroangtg ^af)rc Tang am 
S^uber geroefen, entfcf)ieb fid^ baS $$oIf fur einen 23ed)fel unb errodblte 
©roner ©lenelanb, ben bemofratifcben ©anbibaten, gum ^rafibenten ber 
SBereinigten ©taaten (1884). 

SDer ^ices^rafibent §enbricfS ftarb im 3;abrc 1885. 

3u temfelben 3 a b r e ftarb (General ©rant. 

©in $rafibentenfolgegefe£ rourbe im 3af)re 1886 paffirt, nadfj roel= 
cbem, im galle, baft einmal roebcr ein ^rdfibent nodf) ein $ice=$rdfibent ba 
jein fotttc, ba$ 2lmt beS ^rafibenten auf ein ©abinetSmitglieb iibertragen 
roerben foil, ®ie ^teUjenfolge rourbe, roie folat, beftimmt: ber 0taat3= 
mmifter, $inangminifter, ^riegSminifter, ©eneralanroalt, ©eneralpoftmeU 
fter, ber 9Jtorineminijter, ber TOnifter beS Snncm unb ber Slgrifultur* 
mimfter. 

0ieben 2!navd)iften rourben in ©bicago gum £obe nerurtfyetlt unb fiinf 
gefjangt roegen 2Berfen§ non ©gnamitbomben, metc^e ben £ob non fiebert 
^poligiften nerurfacfyt batten. 

©in grofgcS Ungliicf raurbe burdfj ein ©rbbeben in ©barleflon, 0. ©., 
angericf)tet. 'Die ©rfdjiitterungen roieberljolten fief) einige donate unb ner* 
roiifteten einen grogen Sfjed ber ©tabt. 3 n ^ en Sanbbiftntten fan! bie 
©rbe non brei bis gu ac^t guf$. 

2)a3 3Bablergebnig im 3 a ^ re l 8 * 8 roar ein 0ieg ber ^epubtifaner, 
inbem fie benjamin §arrifon gum ^rafibenten ber SSereinigteu 0taaten er^ 
roaf)lten. 

©in 0treit mit Deuifd)lanb roegen ber 0amoainfeln rourbe non einem 
$Cu3fcf)uffe in Berlin gutlidf) beigelegt. 

9?ad) ber lenten unter ber gefebidten Dberaufficfjt non Egbert *p. 
porter norgenommenen ©enfuSaufnafjme belief ficb bie 33enblferung ber 
SBereinigten 0taaten im 1890 au f 62,622,250 0ee!en. 


34 


The American. 


Tire American. 

The population of the United States is necessarily a mixture of all 
nations. The descendants of the English are the most numerous, those 
of the German and Celtic race rank next, while those of other natio¬ 
nalities are comparatively few. They all assume gradually the same 
characteristic features peculiar to the native American. The very type 
of freedom and liberty is impressed upon their offsprings at their earliest 
stage of life, developing with maturity. 

The character of the well-bred American has some noble qualities. 
As a rule, the American is very comprehensive, practical, displaying 
great energy in all his undertakings. Kind to his family, he will sacri¬ 
fice everything to give them a comfortable home. He is not envious 
and likes to see others prosper and is ready to assist, when it is neces¬ 
sary. Benevolent in the highest degree, he exercises hospitality to the 
stranger. He is religiously inclined, is a faithful supporter of his 
church, and a strict observer of the Sabbath. But he is also fond of 
amusements, horse-racing, base-ball and other sports. He is a born 
politician, and will participate in all public affairs. Towards ladies he 
is a perfect cavalier. 

There is no nation on the globe that reads as much as the 
American. Little boys, twelve years old, eagerly read the newspapers, 
and are able to speak about the most important questions of the day. 

The American ladies in general, are very pretty, fascinating, 
attractive, sociable and refined. Even in the humblest circumstances 
they try to acquire a good education and often show great talent for 
music and the fine arts. They beautify their homes, developing good 
taste. They are also fond of display and fine dress and always appear 
tidy, making themselves attractive. Yet they possess great will-pow£? 
and selfdenial and are not apt to succumb in calamity. Many hold 
responsible positions in public life, as teachers, clerks, etc. where they - 
have proven their efficiency. 


S) e r Slmerifaner. 


35 


£pcv ^Uttevikaitcr. 


®ie SBenoIferung ber SSereinigten ©taaten ift notfjtnenbigenneife ein 
©emifcf) auS alien dlationen. 2)ie 9Jad)fommen ber ©nalanber finb am 
ga()treirf)ften, bie ber germanifdjen unb celtifdjen ERaffe folgen gunacfjft, 
rnaljrenb bie anDerer -ftationalttaten nerfjdltnifjmafng gering finb. 2Ide 
©intnanberer ncljmen admdljlig biefelben d)arafteriftifd(jen 3 ^ 9 ^ an, rnelcfye 
bem geborenen SImerifaner eigen finb. liefer ift ber nenoirIlicf)te STppitS 
non fyrei^eit, beren ©tempel fdjon ben ^inbern im friiljeften SebenSalter 
aufgebriicft ift unb mit bem §eramnacf)fen berfelben fid) immer fd)drfer auS* 
prdgt. 

©er ©Ijarafter beS feiner gebiloeten 2ImerifanerS bat mandfje eble 
©igenfdjjaften. !gm 2ldgemeinen fafjt er fdjjned auf; er ift praftifdj unb 
entfaltet grojse ©nergie in aden feinen Unterneljmungen. ©iitig gegen 
feine gamilie, bringt er jebeS Dpfer, um iljr ein angenefymeS §eim gu 6ie= 
ten. ©r ift nidjt neibifdfj unb fteljt gern anbere emporfommen ; and) ift er 
gern bereit gu fjelfen, roenn eS not()ig ift. -JBobltfyaiig im f)od)ften ©rabe, 
Iibt er ©aftfreunbfdjaft bem grembling gegeniiber. ©r ift religtoS gefinnt, 
ein trener Unterftittjer feiner $ird)e unb ein ftrenger 33eobacf)ter beS ©onn* 
tag§. SIber er ift aud) Sergntigungen nidjjt abljolb, tnie ^ferberennen, 
23adfpiel unb anberem ©port. ©r ift ein geborener ^olitifer unb nimmt 
an alien >' ffentlicfjen Slngelegenljeiten tfjeil. ©egen ©amen ift er ein nods 
fommener ©analier. 

cQcine Nation ber SBelt liefi fo niel tnie bie ameri!anifc§e. Oleine 
gtnolfjaljrige Slnaben lefen begierig bie 3 e ^ un 9 en unb fiftb m ©tunhe, 
liber bie tnid;tigften ©ageSangelegenljeiten §u fpred)en. 

<Die amerifanifcfjen $rauen finb im SIdgemeinen fel)r Ijubfdj, be^aus 
bernb, an^iefyenb, gefedig unb gebilbet. ©elbft in ben befcfyeibenften $ers 
Ijdttniffen fudjen fie fief) eine gebiegene SBilbung angueignen unb geigen oft 
gropes talent fur -Jdufif unb bie fdjonen $iinfte. ©ie nerfteljen eS, if)re 
2BoI)nungen fd)on einguricf)ten unb en falten babei guten ©efd)mad. ©ie finb 
pracf)tliebenb, befonberS aucf) in ber $Ieibung, unb gefjen immer fd&mucf ein* 
[)er. ©abei befiijen fie jebocf) grofte 2Biden3fvaft unb erliegen nidfjt leidjt 
im Ungliid. SSiJe belleiben nerantmortlidje ©teden im offentlidjen 2eben 
ate Seljrerinnen, ©efretdre u. f. to., unb I)aben ficfj barin ate fel)r tlicf)tig 
ermiefen. 





36 


The Germans in America. 


Tire Germans in America. 


It must be conceded that German immigration has been and is of 
the greatest benefit to this country. The Germans do not come here 
to accumulate wealth and then return to their fatherland to enjoy there 
the fruits of their diligence. While the great majority is not without 
means on arriving here, they make this at once their adopted country 
and althqugh proud of being the descendants of so glorious a nation as 
the German, they consider it the greatest honor to become American 
citizens. History has proved that the country could depend upon the 
loyalty of the German-American citizen; although small in number, 
their service was most valuable in the Revolutionary War, and again in 
1861, when the Union was in danger, the Germans were among the 
first, who offered their arm to save it. Every profession of Germany 
has sent learned and skilfiil men who aided in building up the country, 
making it what it is now. The Germans will not forget, that they are 
enjoying the same privileges with the native born. Our country how¬ 
ever is also aware that it owes them some gratitude. It is to be re¬ 
gretted, that lately Knownothingism appears again on the stage, many 
being antagonistic towards German immigration, the more so, as among 
that class of agitators many are of German descent. The intelligence 
of the majority of the American people however is a sufficient guaran¬ 
tee, that such movements will be of no avail. Amalgamation of 
Americans and Germans will prove the basis for the prosperity of the 
posterity of this country. 

Every profession is well represented by the German element. The 
German farmer ranks among the first; the German merchant, mechanic, 
architect, musician, artist, schoolmaster, journalist, chemist, butcher, 
baker, confectioner, physician, brewer, restaurateur etc. is found every¬ 
where, and his services are appreciated. Many states have a large 
German population, as New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, 
Illinois, Wisconsin, Missouri, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota etc., there 
climate being well adapted for the German. In the New England and 
in the Southern States the German population is not very large and is 
found mostly in the larger cities. 


2)ie2>eutfcgen in Slmerifa. 


37 


Die gtetttpdyett tit glmeeiita. 

©g mug gugeftanben roerben, bag bie beutfege ©inroanberung oom 
grogten 9tugen fur biefeg Sanb roar unb jegt noeg ift. SDie beutfegen 
fommen niegt gierger, urn Sfteiegtgiimer gu erroerften, unb bann nacg igrem 
SSaterlanb guriicfgutegren unb bort bie griicgte igreg gleigeg gu geniegen. 
S)ie meiften beutfegen firtb niegt mittellog, roenn fie gier anfommen, after 
fie maegen biefeg Sanb fofort gu igrem 2lboptiooater(anbe unb, roenn fie 
aucg ftotg barauf finb, non einer fo rugmreiegen Nation, roie ber beutfegen, 
aftguftammen, fo ftetraegten fie eg boeg a(g bie grogte ©gre, amerifanifege 
33urger gu roerben. 3)ie ©Jefcgicgte fteroeift, bag bag Sanb fieg auf bie 
Sopalitat ber beutfegsamerifanifegen burger nerlaffen fonnte. Dftfcgon 
igre 3agl bamalg noeg ftein roar, gaften fie boeg fegon roagrenb beg 
9teoolutiongfriegeg bem Sanbe roertgnode 2)ienfte geleiftet, unb alg irn 
^agre 1861 bie Union in ©efagr roar, roaren roieberum bie SDeutfcgen 
unter ben erften, bie igren 2lrm gur 9tettung berfelften barftoten. 

3ebe ^rofeffion 3)eutfcg(anbg gat gelegrte unb gefegiefte banner 
geriiftergefegidt, roelcge bag ggre bagu fteigetragen gaften, unt bag £anb 
aufguftauen unb gu bem gu maegen, roag eg jegt ift. ©ie beutfegen roerben 
niegt nergeffen, bag fie biefelften ^prioilegien geniegen roie bie ©ingeftorenen, 
after aucg bag Sanb fottte ftetg beffen eingebenf fein, bag eg ben beutfegen 
©ingeroanberten 2)anf fcgulbig ift. ©g ift gu ftebauern, bag fiirglicg bag 
^Ricgtgroiffertgum roieber auf ber 33ilbflacge erfegeint, roelcgeg ber beutfegen 
©inroanberung feinblieg gefinnt ift, unb megr noeg gu ftebauern ift, bag 
unter biefer piaffe fieg gaglreiege 3tdbelgfugrer ftefinben, bie beutfeger 
Slftfunft finb. £)ie SntcUigcnj ber Sftegrgeit bee amerifanifegen SSoIfeg 
ift jeboeg eine ginreidgenbe SBiirgfcgaft, bag berartige SBeroegungen ogne 
©rfolg ftleiften roerben. 

2>ie S3ermifcgung ber Slmerifaner mit ben SDeutfcgen roirb fieg a(g eine 
23afig fiir bag gliicf liege ©ebeigen ber 5tacgfommenfcgaft in biefem 2anbe 
erroeifen. 

gebe S3erufgart gat in bem beutfegen ©(entente tgre SBertreter. SDer 
beutfege farmer ftegt often an, ber beutfege tafmann, 2lrcgite!t, 5ftufifer, * 
$iinft(er, Segrer, Sournalift, ©gemifer, Megger, 33ac£cr, ©onbitor, Slrgt, 
SBrauer, 9fteftaurateur u. f. ro. ift iifteraff angutreffen unb feme Seiftungen 
finben geftugrenbe SSertgfcgagung. SStele ©taaten gaften eine ftarfe 
beutfege SBeoolferung, g. S3. 9fcro g)orf, ^ennfploanien, Dgio, gnbiana. 


38 The Negreos in the United States. 

There exist numerous excellent German private schools, a German- 
English Normal School, academies and parochial schools and in some 
states the German language has been introduced in the public schools of 
larger cities. 

Many German daily and weekly papers are published and have a 
large circulation. 

Singing and other musical societies, Turner societies, lodges etc. 
are in almost every large city and their membership is very large 
throughout the United States. 

In regard to politics the Germans are almost evenly divided among 
the two great parties, the Republican and the Democratic. 

The Germans have many Catholic and Lutheran and even some 
Methodist churches and care well for their pastors. 




The Negroes in the United States. 

There are fully 7,000,000 negroes in the United States. The 
majority of them are still in the Southern States, where they first were 
imported from Africa 270 years ago, A generation has gone by since 
slavery was abolished; they were granted during that time the same 
privileges the white citizen is enjoying; free schools, colleges and 
churches have been erected for them. While many have risen to high 
offices and honorable places in life and many have accumulated wealth, 
* the lower class of the colored population is still in their infancy of 
civilization, and has maintained their original character. They are 
musical, fond of display, but also very superstitious. Although the 
mortality is great among them, their increase far exceeds that of the 
death rate. 




'2)ie9teger in bender. Staatcn. 39 

3dinoi5, SBiSconfin, SJiiffouri, $anfa§, -Jfticgigan, 9ftinnefota u. f. in., ba 
beren $lima bem 2)eutfcgen befonberg gufagt. 3>n 9Zetn Gnglanb unb in 
ben fiiblicgen ©taaten tft bie beutfd;e 23eoolferung nicgt fo gaglreicg unb 
gauptfacglidg in ben grogeren ©tabten angutreffen. 

©3 beftegen ^aglreicgc, norgiiglicge beuifcge ^rinatfcgulen, ein beutfcg= 
englifdgc§ Segrerfeminar, Slfabemieen unb ©emeinbefcgulcn, unb in einigen 
©taaten ift bie beutfcge ©pradje audg in ben offentlicgen ©cgulcn ber 
grogeren ©tabte eingefiigrt tnorbcn. 

SStele beutfcge taglid^e unb robcgentlicge geitungen roerben publigirt 
unb gaben eine groge SSerbreitung. 

Gefang= unb 9Jiufifnereine, Xurnnereine, Sogen u. bgl. rnegr trifft 
man in faft alien grogeren ©tcibten an unb bie -JJtttgliebergagl berfelben ift 
liberal! in ben 23ereinigten ©taaten fegr grog. 

§infid;tlicg igrer ©tellungnagme gur $olitif finb bie ^Deutfcgen faft 
gleicgmdgig auf bie beiben grogen ^arteten, bie republifanifcge unb bie 
bemofratifdge nertgeitt. 

2)ie ©eutfdjen gaben niele latgolifdge, lutgerifcge unb fogar 
3J!etgobiften=$ircgen unb forgen auggejeicgnet fiir igre ^aftoren. 



Qxe Itcyct* tit freit Qeveinigten gtcuttcu. 

@3 gibt tnogl 7 9Jiillionen 9£eger in ben Sereinigten ©taaten. SDie 
9Jtegrgeit berfelben befinbet fidfj nodg in ben fiiblicgen ©taaten, mo bie erftea 
nor 270 gagren au§ 2lfrifa importirt tourben. (Sine Generation ift nor= 
iibergegangen, feitbem bie ©flanerei abgefdgafft tnurbe. ©eit biefer gett 
finb bie 9teger im 23efig berfelben $rinilegien, beren ficg ber tneige burger 
erfrcut. Sludg gat man greifcgulen, Gpmnafien unb $ircgen fiir fie erricgtet. 
SSdgrenb igrer niele ficg gu gogen Slemtern unb egrenooden ©tellungen 
emporgefdgmungen, niele ^eidgtgiimer ermorben gaben, befinbet fidg bocg bie 
untere ©dgidgte ber fcgtnarjen 33eoolferung nod; im erften ©tabium ber 
(Sinilifation unb begcilt igren urfpriinglicgen Ggarafter bei. ©ie finb 
mufifalifcg, prunffiidgtig, aber aucg fegr aberglaubifcg. Dbgleicgbie ©terb* 
lidgfeit fegr grog unter ignen tft, iibermiegt bie $agl ber ©eburten bocg bie 
ber ©terbefallc. 




The Indians in the UnitedStates. 


. 40 


Tire Indians in tire United States. 

Although the number of the oborigines of America, the Indians, 
was very great, it has diminished in such a degree, that there are at 
present but 280,000 in the United States, of whom about 249,273 are 
in the States and the remainder in Alaska. They are gradually concen¬ 
trated upon reservations, where efforts are made to induce them to 
adopt civilization. Appropriations are made by Congress every year, 
which are distributed among them, in order to protect the pioneers 
and give the Indians the means of pursuing the occupations of the 
white man'. In Indian Territory, containing over 70,000 square miles 
are now the principal tribes of the Indians; they are the Cherokee, 
Choctaws,, Chicasaws, Creeks, Seminoles, Quapaws and Poncas. Also 
in Dakota and other states are other tribes, among which the Sioux 
are the most numerous. They were lately on the war-path. Misled 
by their old chief Sitting Bull they commenced hostilities. An attempt 
to arrest Sitting Bull by the Indian police caused the death of the same, 
his son and several other chiefs. Repulsed by the Union troops the 
Indians fled to the Bad Lands, where they showed defiance; the 
horrors of an Indian war were imminent. Also other tribes commenced 
dancing and joined the Sioux. There were several fights, in which 
many Indians and a number of United States soldiers were killed. 
Fortunately General Miles succeeded in surrounding the Indians, causing 
their surrender. 

As great dissatisfaction prevails among the Indians, the President 
ordered the most prominent chiefs of the Sioux to Washington to hear 
their coiiiplaints. 

The civilized Indians in Indian Territory raise a great deal of corn 
and wheat, and have large herds of cattle. 

The government has given them schools ; but better opportunities 
should, be given to these savages to adopt civilization, than there are 
now. They are not allowed to leave their reservations and no whites 
are permitted to enter them except the agents of the Government. 

% The fate of the Indian will probably be that of the buffalo_ 

extermination. 

• ? 

The Indian has a copper-colored skin, straight black hair, 
projecting cheekbones and good eyes. Indians do not like to work. 



© t e Snbianer in ben SB e r. 6 t a a t e n. 


41 


JJttMatter in font liter. getaaten. 

'fe a 

©xe 3af;I ber Ureintnogner Slmerifag, ber ^nbianer, bie einft fegr 
grog mar, gat ficg im £aufe ber $eit in folcgem ©rabe nerringert, bag ficg 
gegemnartig nur nocg ungefagr 280,000 in ben 23ereinigten ©taaten be* 
finben, namlicg 249,273 in ben ©taaten unb ber Steft in Sltagfa. 
©ie tnerben attmdlig in 9iefernationen gufammengegogen, tno Sins 
ftrengungen gemacgt tnerben, fie ber ©inilifation guganglicg gu macgen. 3 n 
jebent 3<*gr tnacgt ber ©ongreg 33erniltigungen flir Steferungen, tnelcge unter 
bie 3«bianer nerigeilt tnerben, bamit bie ^iontere nor ignen ficger finb 
unb fie felbft ©elegengeit gaben, ben SBefcgdftigungen ber ©eigen nacggu* 
gegen. 3 m 3 n ^i aners ^ er ^ tor ^ um / roeldjeg liber 70,000 Quabratmeilcn 
umfagt, befinben ficg jegt bie gauptfacglicgften ©tamme ber ^^bianer ; eg 
finb bieg bie ©geroleeg, ©goctatng, ©gicafatng, ©reelg, ©eminoleg, Quaparng 
unb SSoncag. Slucg in ©afota unb anberen ©taaten leben nocg ©tamme, 
non bcnen bie ©ioug am gaglreicgften finb. ©ie tnaren flirglicg auf bem 
^rieggpfab. SSerfiigrt non igrem alten §auptling ©itting 33ull, fcgritten fie 
gu geinbfeligfeiten. ©in SSerfucg ber 3 n ^i arter P°^3 e ^ Sitting 23ull gu 
nergaften, gatte ben ©ob beffelben, feineg ©ogneg unb anberer §auptlinge 
gur golge. ^uriidgefcgtagen non ben Uniongtruppen, flogen bie gnbianer 
in bie “Bad Lands” (fdglecgte Sdnber), tno fie ©xene macgten, ficg gur 
©egr gu fcgen. ©ie ©cgreden eineg ^nbianerfnegeg ftanben benor. Slucg 
anbere ©tamme gatten angefangen ^rieggtdnge aufgufligren unb ficg ben 
©ioug angefcgloffen. SSerfcgiebene ©cfecgte fanben ftatt, in roelcgen niele 
gnbianer unb aucg eine Stngagl ber SSereinigten ©taaten ©olbaten getobtet 
raurben. (55IudbIid^errDeife gelang eg bem (general ©ileg bie 3 n ^ aner 
eingufcgliegen, tna£ beren Uebergabe gur golge gatte. 

©a fegr groge Ungufriebengeit unter ben ^nbianern gerrfcgt, fo lieg 
ber ‘prafibent bie angefcgenften §auptlinge ber ©iouj nadf^afgington 
f'ommcn, urn igre SBefcgtnerben ^u n^rnegmen. 

©ie cinilifirten ^nbiancr tm 3,nbianers©erritorium bauen niel ©aig 
unb ©eigen unb gaben groge SSieggeerben. 

©ie Diegierung gab ignen gmar ©cgulen, aber eg foCTte biefen ©ilben 
nodg beffere ©elegengeit geboten merben, bie ©inilifation angunegmeu^alg 
jegt gcfcgiegt. ©g ift ignen nicgt geftattet, igre Siefernationen gu nerlaffen, 
unb feine ©eigen blirfen biefelben betreten, auger ben Slgenten ber 
Siegierung. ©ag ©cgicfjal beg gnbianerg tnirb bag beg S3iiffelg fein — 
SSertilgung. 


42 


The Chinese inthe United States. 


Hunting and fishing is their principal occupation. Their women, the 
squaws, have to do all the work. They do not live in houses but dwell 
in wigwams, which they move from one place to another. They are 
filthy and rude, but can endure a great deal of hardship. They are 
brave in war, cruel towards the conquered, revengeful, superstitious, 
very hospitable, exceedingly fond of freedom, and patient in enduring 
torture. They are still using bow and arrow, the tomahawk, scalping- 
knife and paint. Many of them are supplied now with rifles, guns and 
all modern weapons, making them a dangerous enemy.—Formerly they 
used no iron working-utensils but performed all their work with 
stone-hammers and tomahawks, made of flint. They constructed small 
boats, called canoes, of birch-bark or of hollow logs. 

They believe in a Great Spirit and hope to enter the happy hunting 
grounds of the spiritland at their death. 




* r -* - 

Tire Chinese in the United States. 

ID wing to the great influx of Chinese in the United States the 
immigration of that race was prohibited by Congress a few years ago. 
In the Pacific States are a great number of Chinese, especially in the 
city of San Francisco, where many of them are carrying on very 
important businesses, and many are found in the gold and silver-mines of 
California. In the eastern cities are great numbers who were imported 
for boot and shoe factories; the majority however are engaged in the 
laundry business. They are no good acquisition to this country, as 
they only come here to accumulate some wealth and then return to 
their native country. Some of them make themselves obnoxious on 
account of their opium-dens, which are vigorously suppressed by the 
authorities. They maintain their original character, wear their native 
costumes, and live very frugally and closely together. The Mongolian 
race has no future in this country. 



2)ie©I)inefen in bender. ©taaten. 


43 


©er 3nbtaner fmt eine fupferfarbtge §aut, ftraffeS, fdbtoargeS §aar, 
beroorftebenbe 33adenfnodjen unb gute Slugen. ©ie ^nbianer arbeiten 
nidjt gern. grauen, bie “Squaws”, muffen alte 2lrbeiten oerridjjten. 

<2te toobnen nidf)t in §aufern, fonbern in 2Bigtoam§ (3elten), roetc^e fie 
non Drt gu Drt fdbteppen. ©ie finb fcbmufjig unb rot), fonnen aber gro&e 
©trapagen ertragen. ©ie finb tapfer im $rieg, graufam gegen bie 33e* 
fiegten, rad)fuc^tig, abergldubifd), aber aud) fetjr gaftfreunbtidjj. ©ie tieben 
bie greibeit ungemein unb finb ftanb^aft im ©rtragen non golterquaten. 
©ie gebraud)en je£t nod) ^pfeit unb Sogen, ba3 ^riegSbeil, ©calpirmeffer 
unb garben, um fid) gu betnalen. SSiele finb aber aucb mit 23ud)fen, glinten 
unb alien anberen mobernen ffiaffen oerfet)en unb toerben baburcfj gu ge= 
fd^rlid)en geinben. grlit)er gebraud)ten fie feine eifernen §anbtoerf§geuge, 
fonbern oerricbteten il)re Arbeiten mit ©teinbdmmern unb SBeilen, bie au§ 
geuerftein ^ergefteCCt finb. ©ie oerfertigten fleine 33oote, 23aumfabne au§ 
SBirfenrinbe ober t)o^len ©tammen. 

©ie glauben an cinen graven ©eift unb Ijoffen bei it)rem Slbleben in 
bie gludlicfjen 3 « 0 bgefilbe be§ grojjen ©eiftes eingugeben. 



pte ©htttepm in br*t Per. ptaatm. 

3n golge be§ gu grofgen 2lnbrang§ ber Gljinefen nad) ben SSereinigten 
©taaten nmrbe nor einigen Sabren bie ©intoanberung biefer Sftaffe oom 
Gongreffe oerboten. $$n ben $acific= ©taaten (am ©tiden 9deere) gibt eS 
eine SCdenge G^inefen, namentlicb in ber ©tabt ©an granciSco, mo oiele 
bebeutenbe ©cfc^dfte betreiben. Slnbere finb in ben ©olb= unb ©ilber= 
minen Galifornien§ befd^aftigt. 3 n ben ofttid^en ©taaten finb nidjt menige 
al§ 2lrbeiter in ©djjuljs unb ©tiefelfabrifen importirt toorben ; bie ddebrgabl 
befd)dftigt fidb jebocf) mit 2Bafcben. ©ie ©binefen finb feine gute Sfcquifi* 
tion fur biefeS Sanb, benn fie fommen nur biert)er, um ©cIjdtje gu erroerben 
unb bann nadj i^rem §eimatl)lanbe guriidgufebren. 3Jtandbe toerben 
gemeinfdbablid) burcb i^re Dpiumbol)len, toeldf)e jebocb mit alter 
©trenge oon ben Se^orben unterbriidt toerben. ©ie Gfjinefen bebalten 
i^re nationalen @igentf)umlidjfeiten, aucb ibre t)eimifcbe ©radjt bet. ©ie 
leben febr einfacb unb gebrdngt bei einattber. ©ie mongolifd)e Dfaffe bat 
feine 3ufunftw biefem Sanbe. 


44 


Other Nationalities. 


Other Nationalities. 

THE IRISHMAN. 

The Irish element makes its home mostly in the larger cities 
although many engage in agriculture. Irish emigration assumed larger 
dimensions since 1880, and should it continue in the same proportion, 
Ireland soon would be depopulated. Oppressed in the old country they 
find America an eldorado; and being familiar with the English language 
they soon feel at home. They like to engage in politics and often 
succeed in controling elections, especially in New York, Chicago and 
St. Louis, where they are very numerous. 

The Irish laborer is of great service in building railroads, canals, 
sewers, paving streets, coal-mines etc. In the cities some engage in 
the restaurant business, others are grocers, many become policemen, 
butlers, porters, coachmen, hostlers etc. Irish girls find ready 
employment as cooks and servants. The Irish are witty, industrious, 
and as a class may be considered a useful element. 

During the rebellion a large number served in the Federal Army. 
Many are enlisted now in the regular army. 

ENGLISHMEN AND SCOTCHMEN. 

A great number of English and Scotch immigrants come to the 
United States every year. They have the advantage of all other 
nationalities, knowing the language of the land and being more familiar 
with the customs of their 1 ‘ cousins 5 *. 

They are an intelligent, bright and thrifty class of people. All 
professions, trades etc. are well represented by them: they are good 
farmers, fine machinists and mechanics, excellent sailors—they are at 
home wherever they may be placed. 

It is peculiar however, that so many fail to become naturalized, 
adhering still to their native country, no matter how long they have 
been in this country. 

AUSTRIANS, BOHEMIANS AND HUNGARIANS. 

The immigrants from Austria are Austrians, Bohemians and 
Hungarians. The former may be classed as Germans, their character 
and occupations being almost identical. The Hungarians are mostly in 
the mining districts and the Bohemians in manufacturing cities, where 
they are employed in cigar-factories etc. Many are glaziers. 


inhere s Ji a 1i o n a Ittatc n. 


45 


JVttfrtfre IJatixmalitcitetu 

©ie Stitinber. 

©a§ irlanbifcge (Element gait fid; meiftenS in ben grogeren ©tdbten 
ouf; e3 gibt aber and; niele ^Iderbauer barunter. 

©eit 1880 gat bie irlanbifcge (Eimnanberung fo groge ©itnenfionen 
angenommen, bag, fodte fie in bemfelben 33ergaltniffe fortbauern, 3*Ianb 
balb entnoltert fein biirfte. Unterbriidt im alien 33aterlanbe, fegen bie 
grlanber 3lmcrifa al3 il;r (Elborabo an unb fiiglen fieg, ba ignen bie 
englifege ©praege geldufig ift, gier balb geimifd;. 

©te treiben gern ^olitil unb finb oft im ©tanbe, bie SSaglen gu 
controlliren, namentlieg in 9tero ^)orf, (Egicago unb ©t. 2oui§, mo fie fegr 
gaglreicg finb. 

©er irlanbifcge Slrbeiter leiftet treffliege ©ienfte beim 23auen non 
(Eifenbagren, (Eandlen, 5lbgug3candlen, ©tragenpflafiern, in J^oglenmincn 
u. f. m. ben ©tdbten galten einige ^teftaurationen, anbere ©pegereis 
Iciben, niele roerben ^oligiften, ^edermeifter, ^fortner, ^utfeger, §au§= 
fnecgte u. f. m. Srlanbifdje ^ftdbcgcn finben rafeg 23efcgdfiigung al§ 
^oeginnen unb ©ienftmabcgen. ©ie Jjrldnber pnb toi^ig, fleigtg unb 
gelten im Sldgemeinen fur etn braucgbare§ (Element. 

SSagrenb ber Rebellion biente etne grope 3agl non i(;nen in ber 
35unbe§armee unb nid^t roenige treten jefct noeg bei ber regularen 5lrmee ein. 

(Suglanbcr unb ©djottlanber. 

(Etne groge Slngagl englifeger unb fegottijeger (Eintoanberer !ommt 
jagrlicg nacg ben SSereinigten ©taaten. ©iefe gaben ben grogen 33ortgeil 
nor anberen Ofationalitaten, bag fie im 23efige ber SanbeSfpracge finb unb 
bie ©eroogngeiten igrer „33ettern" fennen. 

©ie finb intedigente, nerftdnbige unb tiiegtige Seute. Side $ro* 
feffionen, ©eroerbe u. f. m. finb unter ignen nertreten. ©ie finb gute 
garmer, gefegiefte 9Jtafd;iniften unb §anbmerfer, au§gegeicgnete -Utatrofen, 
— furg fie finb am $lage, mogin man fie aucg fteden mag. 

(Eigentgiimlicg ift jeboeg, bag foniele non ignen fieg niegt naturalifiren 
laffen unb gage an igrem SSaterlanbe gdngen, einerlei ob fie langere ober 
furgere Qdt gier gugebradgt gaben. 

Defterrcidjcr, logmen unb Itugarn. 

©ie (Einroanberer au§ Defterreicg beftegen au§ Defterreicgern, 
Sogmen unb Ungarn. ©ie erfteren mogen gu ben ©eutfegen gegaglt 


43 


Other Nationalities. 


THE SWISS. 

There are not many Swiss settlements in the United States. One 
is at Tell City, Indiana; one in Laurel county, Kentucky, and one at 
Yevay, Switzerland Co., Indiana, which was made some 90 years ago 
by Swiss colonists under John F. Dufour. The latter soon became 
very prosperous. 

The colonists were cultivating grape-vine and are said to be the 
first producers of wine in this country. 

The annual immigration from Switzerland is comparatively small, 
still it is appreciated. 

The Swiss are making themselves useful in many branches ; some 
are experienced in the dairy-business, others are skilful mechanics, 
gardeners, teachers, musicians etc. 

T FI E ITALIANS. 

Italians, although few in number, are scattered all over the country. 
Their occupations are various. In some of the larger cities they control 
the fruit-trade. Many are engaged in marble-shops, where they display 
great skill; the greater number however is engaged in coal-mines, 
canal- and railroad building. 

Many are street-musicians receiving a hearty welcome from the 
little ones, when they appear with their organs, harps and violins. 

THE FRENCH. 

The French settlements were 100 years ago very prominent, but 
gradually they lost their original character* the people americanized and 
even their language became in some parts a queer mixture of French, 
English and Indian. Many cities, towns and streets still bear the name 
of some of those early settlers. 

French immigration has heen small comparatively for the past 
twenty years. Most Frenchmen may be found in New York, St. Louis 
and New Orleans where even some French newspapers are published. 

As confectioners, cooks, importers of wines and brandies, as artists, 
teachers of languages etc. they have attained a high reputation. 

They are a jovial class of people; they like pleasures and sports 
and are always sociable. 


Slnbere 9tationaHtaten. 


47 

werben, mit benen fie bie meiften ©baraftergiige urtb SebenSgemubnbeite'.i 
gemein i)aben. 25ie Urtgarn batten fid; meiftenS in ben 23ergroerf3= 
biftriftevt unb bie S3ot;men in gabrifbiftriften auf, n)o fie in ©igarren* 
fabrifen u. f. m. befdbaftigt finb. SSiele finb ©lafer. 

$ic ©tfjTOciger. 

©§ gibt nid;t niele fd;roeiger SInfieblungen in ben 93ereinigten ©taaten. 
©ine befinbet fid) in £ed ©itp, !J$nbiana, e ^ ne in ber ©raffcbaft Sauret, 
$entudp unb eine in 93enap, in ber ©raffcbaft ©mitjerlanb, ^nbiana. 
Severe murbe nor ungefabr 90 son fd)meiger ©oloniften unter ber 

Sfnfiibrung non 5ob«nn g. ©ufour gegriinbet. ©ie gebieb balb auf§ 93efte. 

S)ie ©oloniften legten SBeinberge an unb foden ben erften 2Bein in 
ben SSereinigten ©taaten gegogen baben. 

®ie jabrlid)e ©inroanberung au§ ber ©dbroeig ift nerbdltnijsmdfjig 
fdbmacb, aber roirb fur tnertbood erad^tet. 

SDie ©d;meiger mad;en fid; in nerfcbiebenen Snbuftriegm eigen niitjlicfj; 
mand^e finb erfaf;ren im 9Jtild;mefen, anbere finb gefd^idte 9Jtedbanifer, 
$unftgdrtner, Sebrer, 9Jtufifer u. f. to. 

$ic Stalicncr. 

^taliener finb, obgleidEj nirgenbs in ftarfer 3^ bocb uber ba§ gauge 
2anb bin nerbreitet. 3b re 23efdbaftigungen finb nerfdfjieben. IJn einigen 
grb^eren ©tcibten liegt faft ber gange Dbftbanbel in ibren §anben. SSiete 
finb in 9Jtarmormerfftatten befdbaftigt unb entfalten barin gro§e3 ©efdjitf* 
SDie meiften gtaliener finb jebocb in ^obtenminen, bei ©anal= unb ©ifen= 
babnbauten befdbaftigt. 

SBiele finb ©tragenmufifanten unb mcrben non ben $leinen gcrn 
gefeben, tno fie mit ibren SDreborgeln, §arfen unb SSiolinen auftreten. 

$te grattgofcu. 

25or bunbert $;abren w^ren bie frangofifdben 2lnfieblungen fef;r 
midbtig, nad; unb nadb aber b a & en fie tb ren urfprunglidjen ©barafter 
nertoren ; ba§ 93oIf l;at ficb amerifanifirt unb fogar au§ feiner ©pradbe ift 
an mandben Drlen ein fonberbareS ©emifdb non grangofifcb, ©nglifcfj unb 
^nbianifdb geroorben. SSiele ©tabte, 2)orfer unb ©traften tragen nocb jctgt 
bie Seamen einiger jener friiben Slnfiebler. 

SSabrenb ber lenten 20 Sabre mar bie frangoftfcbe ©inmanberung 
nerbaltni^magig gering. £ie meiften grangofen trifft man in 9?ero 2)orf, 
©t. £oui3 unb 9?em Orleans, mo fogar frangofifd)e 3eitungen beraus* 
gegeben merben. 


48 


Social Life. 


SWEDES AND NORWEGIANS. 

The influx of Swedes and Norwegians is considerable. They are 
mostly farmers and laborers. They live very frugally and care but 
little for luxuries and fine residences. 

Many came to Utah as Mormon converts. In Wisconsin and the 
northern part of Illinois are some of their settlements. 

Several newspapers are published there in their own language. 

THE POLANDERS. 

The immigrants from Poland belong with but few exceptions to 
the working class. In the eastern states many of them work in mines 
while in the western states they are farming. There are several Polish 
settlements in Illinois. 



Social Life. 

Many come to this country, anticipating, as it is a republic, to 
enjoy equality and liberty in every respect. Although there exist no 
formal classes of society, as in the old country, all citizens enjoying the 
same privileges, yet there are distinct circles in society which to enter 
is not only difficult for the stranger but in many cases almost impossible. 
In general, the people are very sociable, acquaintances are easily made 
and cultivated—persons will feel at home if they are not arbitrary. 
Really, there is no country in the world that can boast of as many 
social organizations as the United States. Literary, musical, military, 
church, school, temperance, and a vast number of other societies exist 
which give entertainments of almost every variety. 

During the summer season excursions, barbecues, picnics and many 
other out-door amusements are given, while balls, concerts, theatres, 
festivals, dinners, banquets etc. enliven the winter months. Witty and 
humorous speeches in which the American hardly finds his equal often 
spice these occasions. 

The ladies are fond of company, like to make calls, and are very 
entertaining. 





©ocialeS Scben. 


49 


211s Gonbitoren, $odge, 3 m P orte ^ r ^ Don Seinen unb 33ranbro einen, 
al3 5fiinftler, Sprad;legrer u. f. to., gaben bie grangofen fid) einen gogen 
3^uf ertoorben. 

<Sie finb ein leben§luftige§ 35dfdgen, ba§ gern ben 2Sergniigungen unb 
bem Sport nadggegt unb jebergeit gefedig ift. 


Sdjnjcbcn unb Stem eg cr. 


SDie ©imoanberung non Sdgtoeben unb Sftortoegern ift bctracgtlidg. 
£)ie meiften finb farmer unb 2frbeiter. Sie leben fegr magig unb 
galtcn toenig auf 2u£u3 unb fd;one Sognungen. 

35iele ftnb al3 profelptirte 3Dtormonen nacg Utag gefommen. 9Jtegrere 
Slnfieblungen befinben fic^ in SSiSconfin unb bem norbliegen gdinotS, 
toofelbft aucg einige geitungen in igrer Spradge erfdgeinen. 


$okn. 


0ie ©imoanberer au§ $ofen gegoren mit toenig 2fu§nagmen bem 
2frbeiterftanb an. 3n ben oftlid;en Staaten arbeiten bie meiften in 23erg= 
toerfett, in ben toefllid;en treiben fie Sfderbau. ©inige polnifdge 2lnfieb= 
lungen trifft man in gdinois. 



©pcvfiale gulxett. 


25tele fommen in biefe§ Sanb in bem ©fauben, bag fie barin, ba e§ ja 
eine 9tepublif ift, fidg ooder greigeit unb ©leicggeit in jeber 23egiegung 
erfreuen toiirben. Sldein obgleid; feine formlicgen ©efedfcgaftsflaffen 
ejiftiren toie im alien 2>aterlanbe, inbem ade 23iirgcr bie gleicgen EHec^te 
geniegen, fo beftegen bodg aucg gier beftimmte ©efedj^aftsfrcife, gutoefegen 
e§ fur einen gremben nidgt nur fegr fd;toierig, fonbern oft gang unmoglidg 
ift .gutritt 3 U belommen. Srogbem ift bie 25eooIferung im 2ldgemeinen 
fegr gefedig. 23efanntfcgaften fini> leid;t gu maegen unb gu tfntergalten. 
3Jtan fann fid; in ber ©efedfegaft geimifdg fiiglen, toenn man fieg barein gu 
finben toeig. 3 n ber £g a * ejeiftirt !aunt ein Sanb, bag fieg fo oicler 
gefedtger Drganifationen rligmen fann, roie bie 3Sereinigten Staaten. 
Siterarifdge, 9Jiufif*, 3flilitar*, $irdgen=, Sd;ulen=, 3ftagigfeit3* unb eine 
groge gag! anberer SSereine beftegen unb bieten ade mbgliegen Untcrgal* 
tungen. 

Sagrenb ber Sommerfaifon finben ©jeurfionen, lanblicge gefte, 
picnics unb oiefe anbere 35ergniigungen im greien ftatt, roagrenb 33ade, 
©oncerte, £geater, geftlicgfeiten, ©innerg, 33anquetg u. bergl. bie Sinter* 


50 


Social Life. 


Lawn-tennis and croquet are the favorite out-door games, while 
base-ball may be called the national game. All such amusements 
however take place only on week days,—the Sunday is quiet. 

The native American is in general pious, likes to go to church and 
keeps the Sabbath strictly. He regards the Sunday as a day of rest, not 
of recreation. 

The German differs in that respect absolutely. While he is not 
disinclined to attend church and sabbath-school in the morning and 
afternoon he desires to spend the rest of the day in recreations of a 
different character. He likes to be with his family or his friends in 
social circles, go to concerts, theatres, picnics, indulging there in a 
glass of wine or beer. Hence it is a disagreeable surprise to him to 
find places of recreation closed on Sunday, as the sale of intoxicating 
liquors on that day is prohibited. But not only on Sundays is the sale 
of beer etc. prohibited, but also on week-days in several states. No 
restaurants or saloons are tolerated, and such as violate the law, are 
prosecuted; their goods are confiscated, they are fined and even 
imprisoned. The State of Iowa is perhaps the most severe in this regard, 
and a great many Germans who had nice homes there, left the State 
on account of a law so obnoxious to them. 

There are some organizations, such as the Prohibition Party etc., 
which oppose personal liberty and are continually agitating, trying to 
induce Congress to introduce a law of prohibition in this country. In 
some states they have succeeded already, prohibiting the manufacturing 
and sale of intoxicating liquors. In some counties they have local 
option where a license may be granted but often at a very high rate, 
such as $1000 per year. On Sundays, as stated before, the keeping 
open of beergardens, saloons etc. is prohibited throughout the United 
States, except at a few places, where the Germans are in the majority 
and where there are Americans of more liberal views. 

There exist numerous German societies, lodges etc. in nearly all 
the cities, where a great number of Germans reside. 

The “Saengerfeste”, given by the united singing-societies, are 
often grand, and hardly could be excelled by those given in Germany. 
The best musical talent of the country, engaged for such occasions, 
render most artistic productions. 


©ocialeS Seben. 


51 


monate oerfdijonen. SBigige, gumoriftifcge 3 teben, in benen ber Stmerifaner 
faum fetneS ©leidjen finbet, mitten gaufig berartige ©elegengeiten. 

S)ie grauen gaben gern ©efedfdfjaft, madjen gcrn 23efucfje unb 
finb fefjr untergaltenb. 

„ 2amn=£enniS " (23adfpiet) unb Croquet finb betiebte ©piele im 
$reien, rodfjr nb baS „ 23afebadfpiet" baS 9tationalfpiel genannt merben 
barf. Side berarltgen 23etuftigungen finben jebod; nur an 2Bocf)entagen 
ftatt. — T)er ©onntag ift ftill. 

$)er geborene STmerifaner ift im Sfdgemcinen fromm ; er gegt g^.rn in 
bie $ird)e unb fjdlt ben ©abbatfj ftreng. (Sr betracf)tet ben ©onntag alS 
einen Siugetag, nicgt alS einen Sag ber (Srgolung unb gerftreuung. 

Ser Seutfdje ift in biefer 23egief)ung gangticf) non if)tn oerfcf)ieben. 
SSdgrenb er nicf)t abgeneigt ift, am SEftorgen unb am 9lad)mittag bie $ird)e 
unb bie 0 onntagSfd)uIe §u befucgen, munfd&t er ben 9teft beS stages §u 
feiner (Srgolung ^u oerroenbcn. (Sr gel)t gem mit feiner J-amilie ober mit 
greunben in GJefedfcgaften, befudjt (Soncerte, Sweater, picnics unb labt 
fi<f) gem an einem ©lafe 2 Sein ober 23ier. Sager ift eS eine unnngenegme 
Ueberrafdjungfiir ign, (Srgohmgsplage am ©onntage gefcgloffen §u finben ; 
benn ber '^erfauf non geiftigen ©etrdnfen ift an biefem Sage nicgt geftattet. 
Unb nicgt nur an ©onntagcn, fonbern aucg an SBocgentagen ift ber 33erfauf 
non 33 ier u. bergl. in mancgen ©taaten oerboten. $cine Steftaurationen 
unb Sritiflofale merben bort gebutbet unb roer baS Gtefeg iibertritt, mirb 
gerid^ilid) belangt, feine ©etrdnfe confiSgirt, er fetbft beftraft unb oft fogar 
eingeftedt. Ser ©taat 3 oraa ift in biefer 23e$iegung jebenfads ber 
fcglimmfte unb oiete Seutfcge, melcge fic^ bort ein angenegmeS §eim erricgtet 
fatten, gaben benfelben roegen biefeS anftofrigen ©efegeS oerlaffen. 

(S 3 gibt gier oiete Drganifationen, mie bie ^3rogibition3partei u. f. m., 
roeldge btp perfonlicge fyrei^eit befampfen unb beftanbig miiglen, urn bei bem 
Gongreg ben Grlag eineS adgemeinen $rogibition3gefe£e3 fur baS ganje 
Sanb burcggufefcen. 3 n sinigen ©taaten ift e3 ignen fcgon gelungen, bie 
§erftedung unb ben 93 erfauf geiftiger ©etranfe gu oerbieten. mancgen 
i&raffdjaften beftef)t „2ocal=Option", b. g. bie 23eoolferung ftimmt ba= 
ruber ab, ob 6 dganflicen§en auSgegeben ober uermeigert merben foden. Sie 
Sicemen merben oft fegr gocg geftedt, 3 . 23. gu $1000 per ^afyr. 

2 (n ©onntagen ift, mie fdfjon oor^er bemerft, baS Sluf^alten non 23ier* 
gdrten unb ^rinttofalen in ben gan$en 23ereinigten ©taaten uerboten, auger 
an einigen $lagen, mo bie S)eutfd;en bie 3 Jie^rgeit ober bie Slmerifaner 
liberalere Stnfdiauungen gaben. 

3 aglreic^e beutfd)e SSereine, Sogen u. f. m. beftefjen in fafr aden 


52 


Our Schools. 


Many singing-societies have attained great reputation for their 
superior singing and draw large audiences at their entertainments. 

“ Cannstatter, Plattdeutsche and numerous other Volksfeste”, 
given annually, recall memories of by-gone days. 

Yet while money often is no object in arranging such celebrations 
and amusements, one thing lacks: the real German ‘‘ Gemuethlichkeit. ” 

The cause of this may be found in the character of our daily 
occupations. 

“Time is Money ” is the motto of the American. Time must be 
utilized in the true sense of the word—even our recreations assume the 
same character. 

People in the old country take life easier, they are not living so 
fast as we do, and hence their social gatherings are really “ gemuethlich,” 
a word which the English language has no equivalent for. 



Our Schools. 

The American common school system is the best in the world. 
The rich and the poor enjoy the same privileges of obtaining an 
education, as it is free and universal. This system is the basis of our 
liberties which to maintain is the highest duty of the State. When the 
youth leaves the school-room he is prepared for his duties as a citizen, 
he has already general information and knowledge of public affairs. 
Not only is the white population enjoying these blessings—the black 
man, who thirty years ago was held in slavery, is now entitled to all the 
rights of citizenship, his children have the same advantages as those of 
the white man. 

No country in the world does as much for education as the United 
States ; enormous sums are spent annually for the erection of magnificent 
school-houses which are furnished with the very best. Our country is 
yet in its infancy and this is said of our schools, but the time is not very 
far distant when they will be superior to all. 





53 




Up fere 6 d) u (e n. 


©tdbten, rao erne grofjere SCnjafjl ©euifdjcr raofjnt. — $)ie ©angerfefte, 
melcfye com ©angeroerbanb t»eranftaltet merben, finb mciftena groftartig 
imb fonnen faitm non benen in SDeutfdjIanb iibertroffen merben. $)aa 
befie mufifalifd;e talent roirb fur berarttge ©elegenljeiten geroonnen unb 
leiftet babei mafyrfjaft $unftlcrifcf)ea. SSiele ©efangocreine fjaben fidfj einen 
grofsen 3^uf erroorben unb gie^n mit iljren 2luffitf)rungen fteta eine ga^Ireic^e 
3ut)orerfd;aft an.— Gnnnftatter, Spiattbeutfdfje unb gafjfreicfje anbere S3oIfa= 
fefte merben jdfjrlid; abgeljalten unb tcecfen (Srinnerungen nergangener £age. 

Tie ©elbfrage fommt beim 2frran given folder gefte meift gar nidfjt in 
SBetradfjt. Unb bennocf) fefjlt etna : „bie ed)te beutfdjje ©emutfjlid()feit." 
2)ie Urfadje mag im Gljarafter unferer taglidfjen 23efd)dftigungen liegen. 
„3eit ift (Mb", ift baa blotto be§ Slmerifanera. S)ie $eit mu jj \m 
noden ©inne bea SSortea au3genutjt merben. ^atlirlidf) neljmen ba aud) 
unfere SSergniigungen benfelben (Sfyarafter an. 

SDie 2eute im alten SSaterlanbe neljmen e3 leister, fie Ieben nid^t 
fo rafdfj, mie mir, unb bafjer finb ifjre gefeUigert gufammenfunfte „gemutf)= 
Iictjer", ein SSort, fur meld(je3 bie englifdje ©praetje fein gleicf)bebeutenbe3 
befitjt. 



IUtlci*c gtdjuUut. 


T)a3 amerifanifcfye SBolfSfdjjulfgfiem ift baa befte ber 2BeIt. ^teidfje 
unb STrme geniefeen biefelben ^ritrilegien, fic§ eine gute SSilbung $u er* 
merben ; benn biefe ift adgemein unb unentgeltlid). 'Tiefea ©pftern ift bie 
©runblage unferer greifjeit; e3 gu erljalten, ift bie Ijodjfte $fli<§t be3 
©taatea. SBcnn ber gitngting bie ©d)u(e Derlajjt, ift er fi'tr feine SBitrger* 
pfltdfjten uorbereitet unb bereita im 33efi£ einer adgemeinen ^enntnift ber 
offenttid^en 2lngelegenf)eiten. 2lber nidjt nur bie meifje 23eoo(ferung ift 
biefer ©egnungen tfjeilfjaftig; aud) bie 9tfeger, me(d)e nor 30 Sa^ren nod) 
in ©flaoerei geljalten murben, finb je$t gu aden 33urgerred)ten bercdjtigt 
unb ifjre ^inber benen ber SSeigen in adem gleidjgeftedt. 

itein Sanb ber 2BeIt t(jut footel fiir ©rjiefjung mie bie SSereinigten 
©taaten. Unge^euere ©ummen merben jafjrl'idt) fur bie 2lup§rung prdd) S 
tiger, aufa Sfderbefte eingeridjteter ©dfjulfjaufer uerauagabi. Unfer 2anb 
ift nod) in feiner ^inbfjeit; biea mirb aud) uon unferen ©d&ulen gefagt, 
aber bie 3eit ift nid;t mefjr fern, mo biefe aden anberen tmranftefjen merDen. 


54 


Our Schools. 


The number of pupils enrolled in public schools in 1888 was 
11,952,204 with 128,314 male, and 218,978 female teachers. Children 
have access to the public schools often to the age of 20 years. The 
total expenditure was $122,455,252. 

There were 219,063 public school buildings. 

There were 133 public normal schools with 1,189 instructors and 
32,314 students. 

There were 1,164 private schools for both sexes with 7,221 
instructors and 126,721 pupils. The number of private schools for girls 
was 222 with 2,138 teachers and 20,898 pupils; and that of private 
schools for boys 269 with 1,685 teachers and 24,202 pupils. 

There were 41 private normal schools with 365 instructors and 
6,534 students. 

The number of schools fot training kindergarten teachers was 55. 

There were 207 institutions for the superior instruction of girls 
with 2,581 teachers and 25,318 pupils. 

There were 138 theological colleges, with 726 teachers and 
6,512 students ; 49 law colleges with 293 teachers and 3,667 students; 
88 regular medical colleges with 1,746 teachers and 11,172 students; 
9 ecclectic medical colleges with 132 teachers and 743 students; 
12 homeopathic colleges with 224 teachers and 1,118 students; 
66 schools of dentistry etc. with 905 teachers and 5,480 students; 
357 universities and colleges for art and sciences with 4,834 teachers 
and 75,333; 32 colleges endowed with the national land grant with 
620 teachers and 8,127 students; 30 colleges not endowed with 348 
teachers and 7,976 students; 222 commercial colleges with 1,219 
teachers and 57,675 students; 33 institutions for the blind with 276 
teachers and 2,860 students; 69 institutions for the deaf with 548 
teachers and 8,112 students ; 22 institutions for the feeble-minded with 
122 teachers and 4,321 students ; 53 reform schools with 373 teacher s 
and 20,099 students; 521 kindergartens with 1,202 teachers and 
31,227 students. 

There are also many conservatories and musical institutes in the 
larger cities. 

There are over forty religious denominations in the United States, 
of which the Roman Catholic, the Baptist, the Methodist, the Lutheran 
and the Presbyterian are predominent. 


Unferc © d> u I e n. 


55 


©ie 3aM ber in ben offentlidjen ©djulen regiftrirten ©djiitcr betrug 
imSci^re 1888: 11,952,204 mi1128,314Severn unb 218,978Sefyrerinnen. 
S)ic 8al)l ber offentlidjen ©djulfjaufer, gu raeldjen bie Ij eramo acf) fenbe 
Sugenb, oft bi3 gum gtoangigften Scbensjatyre, freien gutritt fjat, 219,068. 
©ie ©efammtfoften beliefen fief) auf 122,455,252 $Dodar3. 

G& gab 133 offentlidje Sefjrerfeminarien mit 1,189 Sefyrern unb 
32,314 ©tubenten. 

@3 gab ferner 1,164 gemifdjte ^rioatfdjuten mit 7,221 Severn unb 
126,721 ©djmlern. $ie gafyl ber ^rioatfdjuren fiir 2ftabd)en betrug 222 
mit 2,138 Severn unb 20,898 ©d)iilerinnen, bie ber *Prioatfd)ulen fiir 
$naben 269 mit 1,685 2ef)rern unb 24,202 ©djiitern. 

Slujjerbem beftanben 41 ^rbatlefjrerfeminarien mit 365 Severn unb 
6,534 ©tubenten. 

©ie 3af)l ber ©cpulen fiir ^inbergartnerinnen betrug 55. 

@3 beftanben 207 Jjofjere 58ilbung3=3 n f^bte fiir 9flabd)en mit 2,581 
Sefjrern unb 25,318 ©cf)iilerinnen. 

(S3 gab 138 tfjeologifd)e ©eminarien mit 726 2efjrern unb 6,512 
©tubenten; 49 juriftifdje §od)fd)ulen mit 293 Seljrern unb 3,667 
©tubenten ; 88 regulare mebijinifdje §ocf)fd)uIcn mit 1,746 Sefjrern unb 
11,172 ©tubenten ; 9 efleftifd^e mebiginifd^e §od)fd)uIen mit 132 Severn 
unb 743 ©tubenten ; 12 Ijomobpatf)ijdje §odjfcf)u(en mit 224 Severn unt> 
1,118 ©tubenten; 66 ©cfyulen fiir 3af)nargte u - f. ro. mit 905 Severn 
unb 5,480 ©tubenten ; 357 Unioerfitdten unb ©pmnafien fiir $unft unb 
28iffenfdjaft mit 4,834 Severn unb 75,333 ©tubenten; 32 ©pmnafien 
mit ©taat3fttftungen mit 620 Severn unb 8,127 ©tubenten; 30 
©pmnafien oljne ©tiftungen mit 348 Severn unb 7,976 ©tubenten : 
222 §anbel3fd)ulen mit 1,219 Severn unb 57,675 ©tubenten ; 33 §ebam= 
menfd)ulen mit 247 Severn unb 1,093 ©tubenten ; 33 SBlinbeninftitute 
mit 276 Sefjrern unb 2,860 ©tubenten; 69 £aubftummenanftaltcn mit 548 
Severn unb 8,112 ©tubenten: 22 gnftitule fiir 23iobfinnige mit 122 
Severn unb 4,321 ©tubenten; 53 9f?eformfd)iden mit 373 Severn unb 
20,099 ©tubenten; 521 ^inbergarten mit 1,202 Seljrern unb 31,227 
©tubenten. 

$)aneben gibt e3 and) in ben grofceren ©tdbten oieie Gonferoatorien 
unb SKufifanftalten. 

3n ben SSercinigten ©taaten befteljen iiber oiergig religiofe Gttauben3= 
belenntniffe, non benen ba3 romifd)fat!joUfdje, ba3 ber SBiebertdufer, ber 
s Ifteiljobiften, ber Sutfjeraner unb ber $re3bpterianer bie rorijerrfdjenben 
finb. 


56 


Points of Law. 


Some Points of Law. 

THE NATURALIZATION LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES. 

After five years continuous residence in the United States, and one 
year in the State, in which he is admitted, an alien may become a 
citizen of the United States, provided he is a man of good moral 
character. A declaration of intention to become a citizen must be 
filed at least two years prior, and the applicant must renounce and 
abjure all allegiance to all foreign States and potentates, and he must 
take an oath to support the Constitution of the United States. 

A preliminary declaration is not required of persons, who have 
resided in the United States three years before becoming twenty-one 
years of age; They must, however, have lived continuously five years 
in the United States. A witness is required to verify this by oath. 

Should the applicant die, before the final admission, his wife and 
family may be admitted on his declaration papers. The naturalization 
of the father and husband naturalizes his wife and minor children. 

Circuit or district courts of the United States having a seal and a 
clerk are only allowed to issue naturalization papers. 

Foreigners, whose countries are at war with the United States are 
prohibited by law to become citizens. 

The Constitutions of Florida, Oregon and Indiana grant the 
applicant, having resided one year in the United States and six months 
in the State, to vote at all elections, if he has legally declared his inten¬ 
tion to become a citizen of the United States. 

In Kansas, Wisconsin and other States one year is required. In 
Rhode Island a foreigner must be naturalized and an owner of real 
estate. 

In Massachusetts a foreigner must not only be naturalized but have 
resided two years in the State, be able to read the Constitution in 
English and write his own name. 


3 u r i ft i f dj e 2B i n f e. 


57 


0e furiltifcijc finite* 

($ic 9ZttturaIifattoit§s©cfcijc bev ©emnigten ©taafest unb 9lnbcrc3.) 

9Zacfj funfjaljrigem ununterbrodjenem Slufentfjalt in ben 23ereinigten 
©taaten nnb einjaljrigem Slufentfjalt in bnn ©taate, in tneldien er 
aufgenommen fein tniIf, fann ein SluSlanber 33urgerber SSereinigten ©taaten 
merben, norau§gefet$t baft er ein !0tenfdfj non gutem, moralifdfjem Character 
ift. (Sr muft jebodj minbeftenS gtnei 3<d)re norljer feine Slbfidjt, amerifanifcfier 
33urger gu merben, norfdjriftSmdftig funbtftun, muft jeber $erbinbung mit alien 
fremben ©taaten unb 9)lonarcfjen entfagen unb abfdjrodren unb bie eiblidje 
33erficfterung abgeben, baft cr bie (Sonftitution ber SSereinic^ten ©taaten 
ftocfjljalten mill. 

(Sine norljerige (Srfldrung roirb nieftt non ^erfonen geforbert, meldje 
brei !J>al)re oor ber ©reeidjung ifjre§ 21. 2eben§jafjre§ in ben SBereinigten 
©taaten gemofjnt fatten; jebod) miiffen audjj biefe buref) eiblidje 3eugenau3* 
fage naeftroeifen, bag fie fitnf ununterbroefjen im Sanbe geroefen finb. 

©odte ein 2tpplifant nor feiner enbgiiltigen Slufnaljme fterben, fo 
fdnnen feine grau unb gamilie auf feine (Srfldrung ft in aufgenommon 
raerben. 2)ie s 71aturalifation be§ Waters unb (SftemanneS naturalifirt 
gugleid) fein 23eib unb feine minberjdftrigen ®inber. 

^tur ®iftri!t§s ober (Sountpgericfjte ber SSereinigten ©taaten, metdfte 
ein ©iegel unb einen ©dftreiber befiften, finb ermaefttigt, fftaturalifationS* 
papiere auSjuftetten. 

SluSldnbern, beren Sdnber im $rieg mit ben SBereinigfen ©taaten 
liegen, ift e§ gefeftlieft nerboten, S31irger §u merben. 

$)te (Sonftitutionen non gtoriba, Oregon unb ^nbiana geftatten bem 
SIpplifantcn, menn er ein 3af)r in ben SSereinigten ©taaten unb fed;3 
donate in bem betreffenben ©taate gemoftnt ftat, baS 9tecftt, bei alien 
SSablen §u mdftten, porauSgefeftt, baft er bie gefeftlicfte (Srfldrung abgcgeben 
^at, 33urger ber SSereinigten ©taaten merben gu rooden. 

gn $anfa§, 23i§conftn unb anberen. ©taaten ift ein $$aftr ftinreicftenb. 
3n dtftobe 3§lanb muft ein 2lu3lanber naturalifirt unb ©runbeigentftum3s 
befitjer fein. 


58 


Points of Law. 


In Vermont he must be naturalized, be a peaceable citizen and 
declare on oath, that he will give his vote as he may think best for the 
good of the State. 


Ignorance of the law will excuse no one. 

Notes, issued by a minor, are voidable. 

Notes, issued on Sunday, are void. 

Contracts made on Sunday are void, except in Illinois. 

Notes, dated ahead of their issue, are void but are valid if dated 
back. 

Notes signed with lead pencils, are valid. 

Notes may be written in any translatable language and even may 
not be dated. If the time is not specified they are payable on demand. 

Notes are not negotiable unless the words payable to order or 
bearer are written on them. 

Business houses are responsible for their agents. 

The act of one partner binds the others. 

Oral agreements are valid but must be proven by evidence. 

A hotel-keeper has a lien upon the personal effects of his guests ; 
but he is responsible for the goods, if lost or stolen. 

The hotel-keeper is not responsible for money, jewels, and other 
valuables of his guests, if stolen, unless given to him for keeping in his 
iron safe. 



3 u r i ft i f dj e 2B i n f e. 


59 


3 n DJtaffacgufettS mug ein 2lu§ldnber nicgt nur naturalifirt fein, 
fonbern aucg gtoei 3<xgre im ©taate geraognt gaben, mug im ©tanbe fern, 
bie (Sonftitution ber 93ereinigten ©taaten im (Snglifcgen gtt lefen unb feinen 
eignen Stamen fd^reibert fonnen. 

Vermont mug er naturalifirt fein unb eiblicg oerfiegern, bag er feine 
©timme nacg beftem 2Biffen unb ©eroiffen fur baS SBogl be£ ©taateS 
abgeben mitt. 


Unfenntnig beS ©efegeS entfcgulbigt niemanb. 

2Bedgfel, bie ein 9ftinbcrjdgriger auSfieUt, finb ungliltig. 

SSedgfel, bie an einem ©onntage au§geftetlt finb, finb ungiiltig. 

©ontrafte, bie mit einem SJtinberjdgrigen eingegangen finb, finb 
ungiiltig. 

Sontrafte, melcge an ©onntagen gemaegt finb, finb iiberall ungiiltig, 
auger im ©taate Illinois. 

■JBedgfel, melcge oorauSbatirt finb, finb ungiiltig; guriiefbatirt finb 
fie giiltig. 

SSecgfel, bie mit einem Sleiftift untergeicgnet finb, finb giiltig. 

SSecgfel biirfen in irgenb einer iiberfegbaren ©praege gefd^riebert 
unb braucgen nicgt einmal batirt gu fein. 2Benn feine beftimmte 3eit barin 
angegeben ift, fo finb fie gaglbar beim 23orgeigen berfelben. 

2Bcdgfel finb nicgt iibertragbar, eS fei benn, bag bie 2Borte 
„gaglbar an ^ngaber ober beffen Drber" barauf gefegrieben finb. 

©efdgaftSfirmen finb oerantmortlidg fur igre Slgenten. 

2Ba§ ber eine ©efcgaftstgeilgaber tgut, ift binbenb fiir ben anberen. 

Sfftiinblicge SSertrage finb giiltig, miiffen aber burdg $eugen beraiefen 
merben fonnen. 

©er ©igentbiimer eineS §otelS gat ba§ SftetentionSrecgt auf baS 
perfonlidge (Sigentgum feiner (35afte, ift jebodg fiir beren Gffecten oerant* 
mortlieg, falls biefelben oerlorcn ober geftoglen merben follten. 

©er Gsigentgiimer cineS hotels ift niegt oerantroortlieg fiir ©elb, 
^uroelen ober fonftige SBertgfacgen feiner ©afte, roenn fie geftoglen roerben, 
fie miigten igm benn gur 23ermagrung in feiner eifernen ©elbfpinbe 
anoertraut roorben fein. 


60 


Homestead. 


Homestead. 

A homestead is a farm, given to any man or woman, who is a 
native of legal age or a foreigner, who has declared to become a 
citizen of the United States, and who lives on it and cultivate it for 
five years. The only charges are about ten cents an acre for surveying 
and recording. The farm consists of 160 acres, except on tracts one 
half of which has been granted in aid of railroads or other public 
improvements. In that case the homestead is only half the usual size, 
80 acres. A man wishing to become a homesteader goes to any United 
States land-office, where he has free access to maps showing all the 
vacant lots. He then goes and picks out the land which he likes best, 
returns to the land-office, makes an application for that lot as his 
homestead and leaves those forms for records, pays at most $14 and 
becomes owner of the land. He does not need to go in person however 
but can have the transaction done by a land-agent. A homesteader 
must occupy his land any time within six months after his application 
is put on record. He may be absent from his homestead half a year 
but not more and must not fix his residence elsewhere.—A homesteader 
may become the full owner after six months residence by purchasing 
his land, paying the government price; the maximum price is $2.50 
and the minimum price $1.75 per acre. Such a homestead is exempt 
from liabilities for any debt contracted previous to his perfecting his 
claim to the land. A full title is obtained, after a homesteader has 
resided on his land for five years and cultivated it; he proves the fact 
to the register of the land-office, where application has been recorded ; 
that officer will obtain for him from Washington a full title of his land, 
charging him only a fee of four dollars. 









£ e i m ft d 11 e. 


61 


geintfttftte* 

(Sine §eimftatte ift eine garm, bie irgenb einer ^erfon non gefe£lidf)em 
filter, 06 9ftamt ober grau, ob eingeboren ober eingeroanbert, fobalb ber 
(Singetoanberte nur bte (Srflarung abgegeben !)at, ein 23iirger ber 33ereinig= 
ten ©taaten toerben gu toodcn, gum ©efcf)enfe gemadfjt roirb unter ber 
93ebingung, bajs fie fiinf ^cdjre lang non bcmjenigen, ber fie gum ©efdjenf 
erfjdlt, bemoljnt unb bebaut mirb. 2 lde§, roa3 gu begablen ift, finb ungefdl;r 
10 (Sent3 auf ben 2 lder fur 9Sermeffung§s unb (Sintrag3gebiil;ren. 25ie 
garm beftef;t au$ 160 2 ldern, au3genommen bei Sanbftreden, non benen 
bte eine §dlfte gur Unterftii|ung non (Sifcnbabncn unb anberen offentlid;en 
Slnlagen Ijergegeben rourbe. $n biefem gade fyalt bie §eimftatte nur bte 
§alfte if)re3 getnobnlid;en Umfang3, 80 Slder. SSenn jentanb eine §eim= 
ftatte erroerben raid, fo geijt er gu irgenb einer $ereinigten ©taatenSanboffice, 
mo er unentgeltlicf) (Sinficfd nefymen fann non ben Marten, auf roeld;en 
fammtlic^e unbefiebelte Sanbftred'en eingetragen finb. $ann gebt er l;in, 
fud)t fid^ ba§ 2 anb au§, raeldf)e§ il;m am beften gufagt, gel;t guriidf ^urn 
bureau, reicfjt feine 33eroerbung urn ba§ auSgefudjte 2anb ein, lafjt bie= 
felbe eintragen, gaf)lt ljod)ften3 $14 unb erfjalt fo bie 2lnmartfd)aft auf 
ben 35efi£ be§ betreffenben Sanoftiideg. (Sr brauc^t inbeffen biefeS ©efd;dft 
nidf)t in eigetter $erfon gu beforgen, fonbern fann e§ burcf) einen Sanbagenten 
abmad;en laffen. gnnerljalb fecfp3 ^Jtonaten nadj (Sintrag feineS ©efudjo 
muf$ ber „§eimftdtter" non feinem Sanb 33efi£ ergreifen. (Sr barf fid; 
ein f>albe 3 3 ctf;r fang baoon entfernen, aber nid)t langer, unb barf nirgenbmo 
anber§ feinen fejten 2Bol;nfi£ auffcylagen. 23odbered)tigter (Sigentl;iimer ber 
§eimftatte fann er f<f)on nadj fed)3monatlid(jem Sfufentljalt auf berfetbeu 
baburd; roerben, baft er ben 2tegierung3prei3 begaljlt unb auf biefe SBeife 
bie §eimftatte fauflid; erroirft. $)er SdtajimalpreiS betcdgt $2.50, ber 
9 Jlinimalprei 3 $1.75 per Sfder. (Sine foldfje ©eimftdtte fann niemals mit 
33 efd)lag befegt merben megen Sdfjulben, bie ber 5 n fy a & er contra^irte, ef;e 
er feine Slnfpriid&e auf biefelbe geftenb macf)te. 2 )er oodgiltige 33 efi$titcl 
auf bie §eimftatte ift gu f;aben, fobalb Ujr Snfjaber fie fiinf $af)re lang 
beroo^nt unb bebaut l;at. (Sr braudf)t btefe S^atfacfje nur bem 9tegiftrator 
in bem Sanbbureau, bei toeld&em er fein©efu$ eingereic^t f)at, gu bctoeifen, 
fo mirb tljm biefer gegen (Sntricf)tung einer ©ebiiljr non nier $)odar3, ben 
ooden Sefifttitel auf fein 2anb non SBaftington oerfcf)affen. 


62 


American Literature. 


American Literature. 

What the pen has accomplished during the last century, is 
marvelous, and the United States may justly feel proud of having a 
large share in the achievements of brain-work. Nay, its literature 
is even of greater value, than that of other countries, its purpose 
being chiefly popular education. 

At all times the United States has had wise, astute statesmen whose 
tasks were creditably solved in conformity with the principles of the 
nation. The U. S. does not believe in bloody wars, it is a nation of 
peace, settling its casual difficulties by arbitration without entrenching 
on the dignity due to its superior institutions. 

America’s literature dates as far back as 1621, when George Sandy 
translated Ovid’s Metamorphoses. Eliot wrote an Indian method and 
translated the Bible. Mrs. Anne Bradstreet wrote poems soon after the 
landing of the Pilgrims. Jonathan Edwards’ and John Woolman’s 
works were well known. Benjamin Franklin became noted at home 
and abroad, for his able political and scientific writings. It is also mostly 
due to his efforts that the colonies threw off English despotism, and 
became a harmonious union. Thomas Paine’s works are of great merit. 
Thomas Jefferson’s master-piece “the Declaration of Independence,” 
the Constitution of the United States, the work of Hamilton and 
Madison, are indeed able productions. Washington Irving, Edgar 
A. Poe made themselves immortal, the former for his poetry, the latter 
for his prose. Cooper, the novelist, Willis, a poet, Noah Webster and 
Worcester, the authorities on English orthography and pronunciation ; 
the famous historian George Bancroft will live forever in American 
literature. Dana, Draper, Hitchcock, Gray Silliman and many others 
are noted for their scientific literature. Horace Greely and Gordon 
Bennett, great writers, Bayard Taylor who translated Goethe’s 
Faust; Longfellow and Whittier, the poets, Bryant, Holmes, Lowell, 
Browne, Saxe, “Mark Twain” (S. L. Clemens), Hawthorne, the 


m e r i f a ’ g Siteratur. 


63 


^UncvtUa’s gitcvatitv. 

2Bag todljrenb beg lenten ^afjrfjunbertg mit ber geber erreidfjt roorben 
ift, ift roirfficf) rounberbar, unb bie 2Sereinigten ©taaten blirfen flolg barauf 
fein, gu biefen Grrungenfcf)aften beg ©eifteg audjj bag 3#re beigetragen gu 
fjaben. 3 n e ^ ner 23egieljung fteljt iljre Siteratur fogar Ijotjer alg bie anberer 
Scinber, infofern namlicf), alg fie f^auptfad^Iid^ auf 23erbreitung unb 23ertiefung 
ber 23oIfgbtlbung geric^tet ift. 

3u feiner $eit M eg biefem Sanbe an roeifen, tiicfjtigen ©taatg* 
mdnnern gefefjlt, raeldf)e ifjren 23erufgpflicf)ten in Uebereinftimmung mit 
ben ^ringipien biefer Nation aufg rufymlidjjfte nadfjgefommen finb. 2)ie 
33ereinigten ©taaten finb gegen blutige ^riege, benn fie finb eine Nation 
beg griebeng, bie, oljne ber SBiirbe i^rer fyoljeren ^nftitutionen etroag gu 
oergeben, etroaige ©treitigfeiten burcf) ©cf)iebggerid(jte gu fcf)lid()ten fud&t. 

2lmerifa’g Siteratur batirt guriicf big 1621, in toeldfjem 3 a *) re 
©eorge ©anbp Doib’g 9Jtetamorpljofen liberfe|te. Gliot fcfjrieb eine 
„inbiaipfdf)e -Iftetljobe" unb itberfe^te bie 23ibel. grau 2tnna 23rabftreet 
oerfafcte fdjon balb nad) ber Sanbung ber ^itgrime ©ebidijte. SDie S&erfe 
non Sonatfjan Gbroarbg unb gofyn SBoolman roaren alfgemein belannt. 
benjamin granflin’g politifcfye unb unffenfdjjaftlicfje ©djjriften maren l)ier 
unb im 2tuglanb beriiljmt. ©einen 23emul)ungen ift eg namentlid) gu 
oerbanfen, baf$ bie Gotonien ben englifdjen SDegpotigmug ab[d)uttelten unb 
ein in Gintrad)t oerbunbeneg, felbftdnbigeg ©taatgraefen rourben. £homag 
^ainc’g 2Berfe finb non Ijoljem SBertlje. £l)omag 3 e ff er f on ’ g „Unabs 
fydngigleitgerflarung" ift ein 2Jleifterftucf, ebenfo bie non Hamilton unb 
SRabifon entraorfene Gonftitution ber SSereinigten ©taaten. 2Baff)ington 
groing unb Gbgar 21. $oe marten fic^, erfterer burd) feine ©idjtungen, 
le^terer burcf) feine $rofa, unfterblicf). Gooper, ber 9tooedenfdfjreiber, 
SBiflig, ber $)icf)ter, 9?oafy SSebfter unb 3 . 2Borcefter, bie 2futoritaten 
in englifcfyer 0rtf)ograpf)ie unb 2lugfpradje, ber beriiljmte §iftorifer ©eorg 
Bancroft roerben emig fortleben in ber amerifanifdjen Siteratur. 
2Iud) $)ana, draper, §itcf)cod, ©rai; ©iditnan unb oiele anbere finb 
beriiljmt toegen iljrer rciffenfdfjaftlidjen ©cfyriften. §orace ©reelp unb 
©orbon 23ennett, faljige Siteraten; 23aparb Raptor, ber ©otljc’g 
„gauft" iiberfetgte; Songfettom unb SBfyittier, ^oeten ; 23rpant, §olmeg, 
Soroed, 25romne, ©a^e, „2Jtarf ^roain' 7 (©. S. Gfemeng), §arott)orn, bie 
2?ooetlenfd^reiber; ©. 2B. Gurtig, ber grojje ©c^riftfteHer ; §otlanb, 



64 


American Literature. 


novelist; G. W. Curtis the great writer; Holland, Henry Ward 
Beecher and Talmage, the writers on theology and many others are 
men, whose names will be. engraved in the annals of literature forever. 

Not only men became eminent in literature,—women of high 
education rank among the first American writers. No other country 
can boast of as many intellectual female writers; and the works of Eliza 
Schuyler, Hannah Adamas, Susannah Rowson, Eliza Leslie, Sarah 
Josepha Buell, C. M. Sedgwick, Mrs. Lee, Lucretia Maria and Margaret 
Miller Davidson, Mrs. Embury, Margaret Fuller, Caroline M. Stansbury 
and others can be found in many libraries. Mrs. Harriet Beecher 
Stowe wrote the widely read book Uncle Tom's Cabin ; Mrs. Emma 
D. E. N. Southworth, a novelist; Mrs. Emelia B. Welby, Lucy 
Hooper, Julia Ward, Mary L. Booth, Louisa Chandler Moulton, 
Mrs. Julia Dorr, Helen Fiske Hunt, Mary Clemmer, E. Ackers Allen, 
Harriet Prescott Spofford, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, Celia Thaxter, 
Sarah Payson Willis and a number of other able female writers, too 
numerous to mention, made themselves famous in literature. 

The number of German American authors and poets is not small 
and their contributions to American literature are of great value. 
Many of their works have been translated from the German into Eng¬ 
lish. Among the most prominent are Udo Brachvogel, Heinrich Bin¬ 
der and Friedrich Hassaureck, noted for their lyrical poems. 
Theodor Kirchhoffs “Reisebilder und Skizzen ausAmerika”, Eduard 
Leyh’s “ Der Tannhaeuser ”, Wilhelm Mueller's novels, Friedrich 
Muench’s works, Hugo Rattermann’s poems, the dramas of Friedrich 
Schnake, the “ Concepts and Theories of Modern Physics ” by Johann 
Bernhard Stallo, Johann Straubenmueller's satyrical and humoristical 
poems, F. Louis Soldan’s pedagogical publications, Karl Schurz’s 
sketches, Frank Siller’s excellent translations, Anton Ernst Zuendt’s 
lyrical and dramatical poems, Moritz Wiener's- ‘‘ Die Propheten”, 
“ Die Waise von Lucca”, Gabriel Woerner’s novels, Eduard Maerklin’s 
“Im Sattel und Meergrund”, Caspar Butz’s lyrical poems, Friedrich 
Kapp's works, Dr. Ernst Kargau’s poems, Frank Claudy’s translation 
of Goethe’s “Faust” are all works of great merit. Friedrich Hecker 
was an excellent writer. Karl Heinzen’s comedies and other works 
are well known, Eduard Dorsch’s poems are worthy of notice, so are 
the novels of F. Karl Castelhuhn, and the poems of Friedrich Lexow. 

Other noted authors and poets are: Emil Pretorius, Mathilde 
Franciska Anneke, Minna Kleeberg, Konrad Krez, Gottfried Worch, 


21 m e r i! a ’ S Siteratur. 


65 


§enrp 2Barb 93eed;er unb £almage, bie ^erfaffer tfjeologifcfyer ©cfyriften, 
unb niele anbere finb banner, berert stamen in ben Slnnalcn ber Siieratur 
alleged gldngen merben. 

2 lber nidjt nur banner tourben in ber Siteratur berufymt, aucf) grauen 
non fyoljer 95ilbung galjlen mit gu ben fcf)riftftellerifd)en ©rbfcen. $ein 
anbereS Sanb fann fic^ rittjmen, fo niele begabte ©cfyriftftetterinnen 
gu/befit$en. $)ie 2Berfe non Cliga ©coupler, §annaf) SlbamaS, ©ufannal) 
ttioto[on, Cliga SeSlie, ©aral) 3ofep(;a 23uett, C. ©ebgroid, non grau 
See, Sucretia -iDtaria unb 'diiargaret fitter ‘Danibfon, non grau Cntburp, 
Margaret gutter, non Carolina S TT ©tanSburp unb nielen anberen befinben 
fid) in faft alien 23ibliotl)efen. grau §arriet Seedier ©tome fdfjrieb baS 
nielgclefene 33ud) „Dnfcl Xom’S Cabin'", grau Cmma 3). C. 9t. 
©outljroortl), eine 9iooettenfdfjreiberin, grau Slmelia 93. 2Belbp, Suet) 
§ooper, %ul\a 9Sarb, SUtarp S. 23ootl), Souifa Cljanbler Boulton, grau 
gulia SDorr, §elene gisfe §unt, s Utarie Clemmer, C. 2lderS bitten, 
Harriet ^reScott ©pofforb, Clifabetl) ©tuart ^f)elpS, Celia faster, 
©aral) $epfott SBittiS unb eine grope Slngafjl anberer, bie ()ier nidjt atte 
aufgegaljlf merben fonnen, Ijaben fidfj in ber Siteratur einen Seamen gemadf)t. 

2 )ie 3al)l beutfd[j=amerifanifdjer ©djriftftetter unb §)icf)ter ift nid)t 
gering unb ifjre 93eitrage gur amerifanifcf)cn Siteratur finb gum £f)eil 
non Ijofjem TBertlje. 93iele iljrer 2Berfe tnerben auS bem $>eutfd(jen 
in’S Cnglifdje iiberfetjt. Unter ben prominenteften ©df)riftftettern finb 
Ubo 23rad)nogel, §einrid) 93inber unb griebrid) §affaured befannt 
toegen ifyrer Iprifcljen ©ebid^te. £fjeobor $ird;§off’S „ttteifebilber unb 
©figgen auS Slmerifa", Cbuarb Seplj’S „&er Sannfjaufer", 2Bill)elm 
Gutter’s ^onetten, griebrid^ 9JUmd)’S 28erfe, §ugo tttattermann S ©ebidfjte, 
griebrid) ©djjnafe’S ‘Dramen, “The Concepts and Theories of 
Modern Physics” non !Joljann 23ernl)arb ©tatto, ^ofjann ©trauben* 
mutter’s fatprifd&e unb Ijumoriftifc^e CJebidjte, g. SouiS ©olban’S pabagogifcfje 
©djriften, Carl ©dfjurg’S ©figgen, gran! ©etter’S auSgegeicfmete Ueber= 
feigungen, 2lnton Crnft ^dnbt’S Iprifcfje unb bramatifd)e Ctebic|te, 9Jtorip 
SBiener’S „S)ie s $ropf)eten" unb ,,SDie 3Baife non Succa", ©abriel Corner’s 
Sfonetten, Cbuarb Stttdrflin’S „3m ©attel unb -Jfteergrunb", Caspar 23utfS 
Iprifclje ®ebicf)te, griebrief) Lapp’s 2Serfe, 2)r. Crnft 5?argau’S ©ebicfyte, 
gran! Claubp’S Ueberfepung beS ©otfje’fd&en „gauft” finb nerbienftnotte 
SSerfe. griebridf) §eder mar ein auSgegeic^neter $ournalift. tol 
^eingen’S Suftfpiele unb anbere feiner 2Berfe finb moljlbefannt; aud) 
Cbuarb 5)orfd^’S ©ebid;te finb bemerfenSroerti). ebenfo bie 9?onetten non 
g. $arl Caftel^ufjn unb bie ©ebid&te non griebrid^ Se^om. 


66 


American Literature. 


Albert Sigel, Karl Heinrich Schnauffer, Karl Knortz, S. H. Sonneschein, 
Dr. Julius Bruck, Wilhelm Dilg, Adolf Douai, Rudolf Lexow, Dr. M. 
Lortzing, Dr. Knotser, Otto Welden (P. Reuss), Conrad Nies, Max 
Lilienthal, August Thormaelen, Karl Beischlag and many others. 

The greatest influence upon popular education has been and is 
America’s newspaper-literature. The newspapers penetrate the wilder¬ 
ness, — they find their way everywhere and are read by young and old. 
While in the old country the Bible and the almanach often are the 
only reading of the lower classes, with the exception of a small weekly 
newspaper which makes its round in a dozen families, large, well written 
daily newspaper, containing all kinds of information, are furnished for a 
trifle to almost everybody. The reading is universal and hence the 
people can not fail to be well informed of affairs occurring all over the 
world. 



LEGAL HOLIDAYS. 

January i, New Year’s Day, is a legal holiday in most all the 
States. 

February 22, or Washington’s Birthday is a legal holiday. 

May 30, or Decoration Day is a legal holiday only in New York, 
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hampshire, New Jersey, 
Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Colorado, Michigan and Wisconsin. 

July 4, Independence Day, is a legal holiday in all the States and 
Territories; so is December 25, Christmas Day. 

Thanksgiving Day, appointed by the President, is a legal holiday. 
The last Thursday in November is the customary day for it. 






21 m e r i l a ’ 8 Siteratur. 


67 


inhere befatxnte Siteraten unb ©icfjter finb : ©mil ^3rcitoriu§, 9Jiatf)ilbe 
gramicda $(nnefe, 5Rinrta ^Iceberg, $onrab ^reg, ©ottfrieb SBord), 
Gilbert ©igel, $arl §einridj ©dmauffer, $arl $nort$, ©. §. ©onnefd)ein, 
$Dr. 'Julius 23rud, SBilljchn $)itg, 2(bolpfy £>ouai, DluboIpF) Segoto, 2)r. 
9)t. Sorting, SDr. $notfcr, Dtto S&elben ($p. 9teu6), Conrab -iftieS, 
Sili/txtfyal, 2tuguft Sfjormaten, tel 33eifdjlag unb oiele anbere. 

93on grofjtem ©influft auf bie allgemeine $BoIf3bilbung ift bie arnette 
nifcf>e 3eitung§Uteratur. SDic 3eitungeit burdfjbringen bie 2Silbnij$; fiefinben 
iljren 2Seg liberalism unb roerben non $ung unb Silt gelefen. 2Bdl)renb 
im alten Sanbe bie 23ibel unb ber teenber in ben unteren $laffen, 
oiedeidjt mit 2lu§naljme einer lleinen toodjentlicfjen 3citung, bie bie 9^unbe 
in einenx ^u^enb gamilien madjt, bie eingige Seftiire finb, finb Ijier grofte, 
gut rebigirte tcigtid^e 3eitungen, bie atle moglid^en SBeleljrungen entfyalten, fur 
eine ^leinigteit jebevnxann gugdnglid). ^)a§ Sefen ift adgemein unb batjer 
fommt e3, baft ba§ SSoIf iiber ba§ SKidjtige, roa§ in ber gangen 2BeIt 
oorgefjt, fxets xnol)l unterridjtet ift. 

/ 


(f=3+.H==§i. 


(Stepeijlictye Ifcicrtage. 

£5er erfte $anuar (9?eujaf)r) ift ein gefe£lid)er geiertag in faft alien 
©taaten. 

£)er 22. gebruar (ober 2Saf^ington’§ ©eburtstag) ift ein gefefclid)er 
geiertag. 

2 )er 30.5fTlai (©rdberfdjmiidung3tag) ift ein gefepcf)er geiertag in 
ben ©taaten 9£eu> 2)orf, ^ennfploanien, 3^^obe 3§lanb, Vermont, §letn 
$ampfSire, Sftero Serfep, 9Mne, 9Kaffad)ufett3, Connecticut, Colorabo, 
ifadjigan unb 2Bi§confin. 

2)er 4. $uli (ber Unabf)dngig!eitStag) ift ein gefe^lidjer geiertag in 
alien ©taaten; ebenfo ber 25. ^ejenxber, (2Beil)nadjten). 

SDer $)anffagung§tag xnirb nonx ^rafibenten anberaumt unb ift ein 
gefe^lidjer geiertag. £)er lefcte ©onnerftag be§ ^ooember ift ber Serge* 
bradjte £ag bafiir. 




The Industries. 


The Industries. 

Although the import of various fabrics from other countries is 
great, yet there is scarcely an article which can not be manufactured or 
produced in the United States. 

The mineral wealth is almost inexhaustible, the forests furnish the 
most valuable timber, every variety of soil and climate facilitates the 
production of all the cereals, tobacco, roots, semi-tropical and tropical 
fruits etc., the waters are stocked with fine fish etc.—there is no other 
country that could compete with the United States in regard to natural 
resources. 

Thanks to the courtesy of the officials of the Treasury and the 
Agricultural Departments, and of the Commissioner of Education the 
writer is enabled to compile the latest statistics available concerning 
our industries, the crops, exports, imports and education. 

There are 3,200 National banks and 849 savings banks in the 
United States. 

There are 80,000 bee-keepers in this country, of whom Mr. 
Harbison, of California, has 6000 hives. 

The blacksmithing-establishments number about 30,000 and 
employ about 35,500 hands. 

There are about 2,000 new books printed annually and the 
bookbinding establishments number 600, employing 11,000 hands. 

Nearly 20,000 boot and shoe factories employ about 150,000 
hands. Some of these factories are using machines, which enable a 
man to make 300 pair of boots per day; nearly one half of the boots 
and shoes in the United States are manufactured in Massachusetts. 

The weekly consumption of bread per head is over 7 pounds. 

The manufacturing of bricks is very extensive, 7,200,000,000 being 
used annually. 

The number of buildings erected in this country every year, 
hardly can be estimated. 

There are about 120 carpet factories, employing 2,400 hands. 

Charcoal is extensively manufactured and used. 

The chemical establihments are in a flourishing condition. 

The total coinage of gold and silver was in 1886, $64,117,105. 

The number of coke establishments is 160, employing 3,200 hands. 

Over 500 million dozen eggs are produced during the year. 


© t e ^nbuftrieen. 


69 


I?te JUttotJtrimt. 

Dbgleicf) bie (Sinfufyr t)on nerfcfjiebenen gabrifaten au3 anbern Sdnbern 
feljr bebeutenb ift, fo e^iftirt bod) !aum ein 2 trtifel, ber nid;t in ben 33 ereinigten 
©taaten fjergeftedt ober fjernorgebradfjt rnerben fonnte. 2 )er SDfaneralreidjtfjum 
ift f<(ft unerfdfjopflidf), bie SBatber liefern ba3 rnertbnollfte § 0 ( 3 , bie 33er= 
fd)iebenl)eit be3 33oben3 unb $lima3 erlecdjtert bie ^robuftion alter (55c* 
treibearten, non £abad, ^nodengetndcbfen, femitropifdjjen unb tropifdjjen 
griid)ten u. f. to. $>ie ©ctndffer finb reid^ an guten gifcfjen, Sluftern u. f. n).; 
turg !ein anbere3 £anb ber SBelt ubertrifft bie SSereinigten ©taaten in 
33egug auf ben 9teidf)tljum natiirtidjer §ilf3queden. 

SDanf ber ©efadigfeit ber 33eamten be3 ginangminifterium3 unb be3 
lanbtnirtl)fcf)aftlid)en 9Jtinifterium3 fornie be3 (Sommiffdr3 fur (Srgieljung3s 
rnefen ift ber 33erfaffer im ©tanbe, bie neueften ftatiftifcfjen Slngaben, roeldje 
gu erlangen finb, tn S3etreff unferer 2>nbuftrien, ber (Srnten, be3 (S^portS 
unb imports unb be3 (Srgiel)ung3u)efen3, fyier in iiberfidjtlidfjer gorm 
gufammengufteden. 

@3 befteben 3,200 9Zati 0 na U unb 849 ©parbanlen in ben 
33 ereinigten ©taaten. 

@3 finb 80,000 33ienengiicf)ter in biefem Sanbe; einer ber* 
felben, §err §arbifon in Galifornien, befitjt 6000 ©tode. 

5 Die ©djmiebernerfftatten belaufen fidfj auf ungefaljr 
30,000 unb befdjjaftigen an 35,500 Slrbeiier. 

(S 3 rnerben jaljrlidf) ungefaljr 2,600 neue 33 li djj e r gebrudt unb 600 
33 ucf)binbereien befd;aftigen 11,000 Seute. 

©3 gibt an 20,000 ©cf)uf)fabrifen, rnetctje ungefaljr 
150,000 2 lrbeiter befdtjaftigen. (Sinige biefer gabrifen gebraudjjen 3ftafd)inen, 
rnelctje einen Sttamt in ben (btan'D fe$en, 300 $aar ©tiefel per Stag gu 
nerfertigen; faft bie §alfte be3 gefammten 33ebarf3 an fertigen ©djufj* 
tnaaren tnirb in 9Cdaffad)ufett3 fjergeftedt. 

2)er rooc^entlic^e SSerbraudj non 33 r 0 b belauft fic§ auf iiber 7 $funb 
per flopf. 

©ie 33 a d ft e i n b r e n n e r e i ift grojjartig ; benn nidf)t meniger al3 
7 , 200 , 000,000 33 adfteine rnerben jaljrlid) nerbraudjt. 

SDie 3 at)l ber jaljrlid) in biefem Sanbe aufgefuljrten © e b aube lafjt 
fid) faum beredjnen. 

(S3 gibt ungefaljr 120 % e p p i d) f a b r i I en, bie 2,400 Strbeiter 
befdjdftigen. 

§ 01 g f 0 Ij t e rcirb niel fabrigirt unb nerbraucfjt. 


70 


T he Industries. 


Electricity has a great future in this country, there being many 
establishments already, with enormous capital invested to produce and 
utilize that unknown power. 

There were in 1880 over four million farms containing nearly 
300,000,000 acres. 

Fishing is carried on very extensively ; besides river and other fish 
the products are whale, seal, menhaden, oyster, sponge etc. 

About 12,500 tons of flax are produced annually. 

The largest flour-mills in the world are in Minneapolis, Minnesota; 
they grind into flour more than 26 million bushels of wheat annually. 

There are about 125 forges, employing over 3,500 men, and the 
furnaces (3,000) employ 45,000 hands. 

The glass manufactories number 230 and employ over 26,000 
hands. 

There are about 60 hat-factories, employing 6000 hands. 

The United States has 7000 vessels, engaged in herring-fishing, 
with 150,000 sailors, who catch 150,000 tons of fish annually. 

There are produced about 16,000 tons of hops, of which the 
greatest part is raised in the State of New York. 

There exist 360 hosiery and knitgoods establishments employing 
29,000 hands. 

The export of ice is immense from the New England States, and 
factories of artificial ice are getting very numerous. 

The number of fire, life, marine, tornado insurance-companies is 
great. 

There are over 30,000 saw-mills, which use steam, water and 
horse power and employ over 160,000 men. 

In this country are produced over 2,000,000 tons of beef; 500,000 
tons of mutton ; 1,800,000 tons of pork and 70 tons of fowl etc. 

There are over 25,000 daily, weekly and other papers published. 
3,500 printing establishments employ about 60,000 hands. 

The production of oysters is immense. Baltimore packs over 
7 million bushels every year. 

An enormous quantity of paper (600 million pounds) are consumed 
annually, of which 580 million pounds are produced in this country. 

There were killed about 32,000,000 pigs (in 1880) which number 
is almost doubled now. The largest pork-packing-houses are in Chicago, 
Kansas City, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Indianapolis, 
Cedar Rapids, Cleveland and Louisville. There are over 900 


3) t e 3 n b u ft v i e e it. 


71 


Die dj e m t f dj e n g a 5 r i f e n finb in einem bliitjenben 3uftanbe. 

2lug ben nerfdjiebenen 3CRun^ftatten gingen im 3 a ?) re 1886 
($olb= unb ©ilbermiin§en im SSertije non $64,117,105 fjcrnor. 

Die galjl ber gabrifcn non abgefdjmefelter ©teinfoljle betragt 
3,200. 

Ueber 500 ^JtiEionen Dutjenb © i e r merben jaljrlid) gcmonnen. 

Die (Slectrigitdt fjat eine grojie 3ufunft in biefem Sanbe; 
fdjon je£t finb niete SXnftalten mit ungeljeuerem 23etriebgcapital norfjanben, 
in benen bie unbefannte $raft probi^irt unb nerroertljet mirb. 

3m 3afyre 1B80 gab eg 4 -Diitlionen g a r m e n, bie faft 300,000,000 
2Ider betrugen. 

Der gtfc^fang rnirb in auggebeljntefter SSeife betrieben unb liefert 
auf 3 er*glug= unb fonftigen gifdjen aud) 2£adfi[dje, ©eefjunbe, S^nodjenfifdje, 
Sluftern, ©djroammc u. f. m. 

Ungefafjr 12,500 Donnen g l a dj g merben ja^rlid^ ge^ogen. 

©g gi^t ungefaljr 125 ©if en (jammer, roeidje iiber 3,500 Seute 
befdjdftigen. 

Die 3,000 ©djmctgofcn befdjaftigen 45,000 unb bie 230 ©lags 
fabrtlen 26,000 Seute. 

©g gibt ungefaljr 60 ^utfabrifen, meldje 6000 Slrbeiter be* 
fdjaftigen. 

Die SSeretnigten ©taaten befitjen 7000 fur ben §aringgfang beftimmte 
©djiffe; bie 23emannung berfelben befteljt aug 150,000 9Jtatrofen, 
tneldje jaljrltdj 150,000 Donncn gifdje fangen. 

©s merben nngcfaljr 16,000 Donnen § o p f e n gegogen, non benen 
ber grofjte £f)eil im ©taate 9ton 3)orf gebaut rcirb. 

©3 befteljen 360 ©trumpfmaarenfabrifen, meldje 29,000 
Slrbeiter befdjaftigen. 

Die 2lugfuljr non natiirlidjem © i g aug ben 9teuenglanb ©taaten ift 
enorm unb bie gabrifen non fiinftlidjem ©ig meljren fief; forlmdljrenb. 

Die 3aljl ber g e u e r=, £ e b e n g=, a r i n c= unb % o r n a b o= 
nerfidjerungggefellfdjaften if* feljr 9 r °6- 

©3 gibt iiber 30,000 © a g e m ii f) l e n, meldje Dampfs, ®affer* 
uno v $ferbelraft gebraudjen unb iiber 160,000 2lrbeiter befdjiiftige". 

3n biefein £anbe merben iiber 2,000,000 Donnen i n b f 1 e i f dj, 
500,000 Donnen §ammelfleifd[j, 1,800,000 Donnen ©djmeinefleifdj unb 
70 Donnen ©pfliigel probugirt. 

©g merben iiber 25,000 taglidje, modjentlidje unb anbere 3 e i t u n g e n 
publigirt. 3500 23udjbrudereien befdjaftigen ungefaljr 60,000 Scute. 


72 


The Industries. 


establishments, employing a great number of hands steadily and paying 
them good wages. 

There are a great many piano and organ factories in the United 
States. They manufacture instruments of the highest order. 

The quarries produce marble, limestone, granite, sandstone, slate 
etc., employing about 50,000 hands. 

There is no country in the world that has as many railroads as 
the United States. Illinois ranks first with almost 10,000 miles of 
railway. The number of miles in the United States is 145,387. 

The Saddlery establishments (over 8000) employ 25,000 hands. 

Salmon fishing is carried on near the Pacific coast, there being 
caught over 25 million pounds annually. 

There are 270 establishments where salt is manufactured ; they 
employ 6000 hands. 

Ship Building is carried on extensively; in 1886 there were built 
240 steam vessels, 405 sailing vessels, 23 canal boats and 47 barges. 
The Government’s ship-yards are provided with all modern im¬ 
provements. 

The manufacture of silk goods receives great attention, the 
number of establishments being over 390. The production of raw-silk 
is carried on successfully. 

The manufacture of soap is immense. 

Only 170,000 tons of sugar (cane) were produced, of which 
Louisiana furnished the greatest part. The consumption was 1,422,908 
tons. 

Tea is cultivated to some extent. 

There are 200,000 miles of telegraph line for public business, and 
600,000 miles of wire; besides these are railway, Government and 
private lines. The companies employ over 38,000 persons. 

There is also a large number of telephones in use, of which the 
American Bell Telephone Company owns over 250,000. 


2 >ie ^nbuftrieen. 


73 


SDer Crtrag ber Slufternfif d^erei ift feljr bebeutenb. 3^ 
Baltimore roerben jaljrlidf) iiber 7 9JUIIionen SBufdfjeln nerpacft. 

Sine ungefyeuere Quantitdt papier (600 ^JMionen $funb, roonon 
58j^ 9JIilIionen $funb in biefem Sanbe nerfertigt roerben) roirb jafjrliclj 
nerbraudjjt. 

3n 1880 nmrben 33,000,000 © d(j ro c i n c gefdfjlacfjtet; feitbem Ijat 
fidtj bie 3 a W beina^e nerboppelt. SDte grofjten ©cf)roeinefleifdf)ners 
pacfungSljaufer finb in Chicago, $anfa§ Citp, ©t. £ouiS, Cincinnati, 
■Utilroaufee, 3 u ^ ana P 0 ft3, Gebar 9tapib3, Clenelanb unb SouiSnitfe. Cs 
befteljen 900 berartige §aufer, roeldjje einc grofje Slngaljl non Seuten 
bejcfjaftigen. 

"Die 3aljl ber i a n 0 = unb D r g e l f a b r i f e n in ben SBereinigten 
©taaten ift feljr grofe. ©ie fabri^iren 3nftrumente non berbeften Qualitat. 

2)ie ©teinbriicfje liefern 9Jtarmor, $alfftein, ©ranit, ©anbr 
ftein, ©dfjiefer u. f. n)., unb befcfyaftigen 50,000 SIrbeiter. 

^ei^Sanb ber 2Belt Ijat fo niele ©ifenbaljnen n)ie bie $ereinigten 
©taaien. S^inoiS ftefyt obenan mit faft 10,000 5EReiIen Safyn. 2)ie 
3Jteilensa§t berfelben betrdgt in ben SSereinigten ©taaten 145,387. 

§5ie ©attlergefd&afte (iiber 8000) befdjjaftigen 25,000 
3Irbeiter. 

2)er Sadfjsfang roirb nalje ber $iifte beS ©titten Oceans be* 
trieben ; iiber 25,000 -DfJMionen $funb roerben jaljrlicf) gefangen. 

CS befteljen 270 © a l i n e n, too ©alg geroonnen roirb ; fie be* 
fd&aftigen 6000 Slrbeiter. 

SDer ©dfjiffsbau roirb in grofeartigem s Dtaf$ftabe betrieben. 
3m 3a^re 1886 nmrben 240 SDampfer, 405 ©egelfdjiffe, 23 ^analboote 
unb 47 Sarlen gebaut. 2)ie ©cf)ipbauplat}e ber 9tegierung finb mit alien 
neueren Cinrid^tungen nerfeljen. 

SDer ©eibenmanuf aftur roirb feit ^urjem grofce 2Iuf= 
merffamfeit geroibmet; bie 3 a P berartiger Ctabliffements betrdgt iiber 
390. Sludfj bie ©eibencultur roirb erfolgreicf) betrieben. 

©eifenfiebereten gibt eS feljr niele. 

9Iur 170,000 £onnen 3 u ^ e r (^oljr) rourben probi^irt, non benen 
Souifiana ben grijfjten £ljeil lieferte. 2)er 23ebarf roar 1,422,908 
£onnen. — % f) e e roirb einigermafeen cultinirt. 

Cs beftefjen 200,000 5fteilcn £elegrapf)enlinien fiir ben 
opntlidjjen 23erfef)r unb 600,000 s Ifteilen SDrafyt; aufjerbem gibt eS aber 
aud^ nod^ Cifenbaljns, 9tegierungS= unb ^rinattelegrapljenlinien. SDie 
©efellfd&aften befcf)dftigen iiber 38,000 ^erfonen. 


74 


The Industries. 


Nearly 3,000 establishments are engaged in the manufacturing of 
LEATHER. 

There are 550 theatres in this country. 

Nearly 8,000 establishments are engaged in the manufacturing of 
tobacco. In production of tobacco, Kentucky and Virginia rank first. 

The production of wine is increasing annually; the wines of 
California, Missouri and Virginia are excellent; there were consumed 
over 28 million gallons in the United States. 

There are nearly 6,000 establishments engaged in the manufacture 
of all kinds of machinery, employing over 200,000 hands. 

About 120,000 sewing-machines are exported yearly. 

The wheat of 60 acres can be cut, threshed and put up in bangs in 
24 hours by Glenn’s California reaper. 

An other machine, used in ditching, removes over 700 tons of 
ground (750 cu. yds.) in one hour. 


THE PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Alabama ranks fourth in cotton ;—other products are molasses, mules, 
iron ore, rice and sugar, tobacco, hay, oats. 

Arizona ranks second in silver ; —gold, copper, wheat, barley. 

Arkansas ranks sixth in cotton and ninth in mules;—corn, wheat, 
tobacco, oats, sweet potatoes, tar and turpentine. 

California ranks first in wine, barley, sheep, gold, quicksilver and fruit. 

Colorado ranks first in silver, wheat, oats, hay, sheep. 

Connecticut ranks first in clocks, sewing-machines, silk fabrics, cotton 
goods, tobacco. 



2) i c 3 n b u ft r t e e n. 


75 


2Iudj cine grofie 2lngai)l non % e l e p Ij o n e n ift im ©ebraud^; bic 
meiftcn berfelben gefioren ber atnerifanifdjen 33eli s Mepljoncompagnie 
(uber 250,000). 

/ ©egen 3000 ©erbereien finb mit ber 9Jtanufa!tur non Seber 
Befdjdftigt. 

©3 finb 550 Sweater in biefem Sanbe norljanben. 

©egen 8000 gabrifen finb befdjdftigt mit Xabadfabrifation. $$n bcr 
^robuftton non ^abad fteljen $eniudp unb SSirginien obenan. 

®ie ^robuftion non SB e i n tnirb jafyriidj bebeutenber unb bie SBeine 
non ©alifornien, Mffouri unb SSirginien finb auSgeseidjnet. Ueber 28 
SDMionen ©adonen merben jdbrlidj confumirt. 

©3 gibt faft 6,000 SDXafdjinenroerfftdtten, in benen 
ade 2Irten non 3Jtafd)itten Ijergeftetft merben unb liber 200,000 2lrbeiter 
befdjdftigt finb. 

Ungefatjr 120,000 9ldfjmafdjinen merben jafjrlidj ejportirt. 

2)er SBeijen non 60 2lder lann mit ©tenn’3 California © r n t e* 
m a f fy'xn e in 24 ©tunben gefd)nitten, gebrofdjen, gefegt unb in ©ade 
gefiidt merben. 

©ine anbere 9Jtafd)ine, meld)e junt 2Xu§graben nermenbet mirb, fdjafft 
in einer ©tunbe liber 700 ^onnen (750 ©b. 2)arb) ©rbe fort. 


25ic £auj)ttnbufh*tccn in ben 9$cmntgtcn Staaten. 

211 a b a m a ftef)t im nierten 9tange fiir 23aummode;—anbere $ro* 
bu!te finb : ©imp, 2JtauIefel, ©ifenerg, 9tei3, guder, £abad, §eu, 
§afer. 

21 r i i o n a fteljt im gmeiten 9tange fur ©ilber ©olb, $upfer, SBei^en, 
©erfte. 

21 r ! a n f a § fteljt im fed)ften 9tange fiir 23aummode unb im neunten fiir 
OJlaulefelSBei^en, £abad, §afer, ©iifjfartoffeln, £f)eer unb 
^erpentin. 

©alifornien fteljt im erften flange fiir SBein, ©erfte, ©djafe, ©olb, 
Duedfilber, Dbft. 

© o l o r a b o fteljt im erften Slange fiir ©ilber, SBeijen, §afer, $eu, 
©d)afc. 

Connecticut fteljt im erften DXange fiir SBanbuljren, s J?al)mafd)inen, 
©eibenfabrifate, 23aummodenfabrifate, £abad. 



76 


The Industries. 


Delaware ranks first in peaches ;—orchard products. 

North and South Dakota rank first in wheat;—gold, silver. 

Florida ranks third in sugar and molasses;—rice, cotton, corn, oranges. 

Georgia ranks second in sweet potatoes and rice, molasses, cotton, 
sugar, mules, hogs, corn. 

Indiana ranks second in wheat;—agricultural implements, corn, hogs, 
oxen, cows, cattle, horses, coal, beer. 

Illinois ranks first in oats, meat packing, lumber, wheat, beer, whiskey, 
corn;—agricultural implements, coal, rye, hogs, soap, hay, 
potatoes, cattle, mules, iron and steel. 

Iowa ranks first in hogs ;—cattle, horse.;, hay, corn, oats, barley, rye, 
potatoes, wheat and coal. 

Idaho ranks sixth in gold and silver. 

Kansas ranks fifth in cattle, corn, rye y —hay, wheat, hogs, horses, coal. 

Kentucky ranks first in whiskey, tobacco ;—beer, horses, mules, corn, 
rye, coal, wheat. 

Louisiana ranks first in sugar and molasses ;—rice, cotton. 

Maine ranks first in ship-building, granite, slate, lumber, fisheries, 
buckwheat, copper, hops. 

Maryland ranks fourth in coal;—tobacco, copper, iron. 

Massachusetts ranks first in cotton and woolen goods, cod and 
mackerel;—commerce, manufacturing of all kinds. 

Michigan ranks first in copper, lumber, salt;—iron, wheat, buckwheat, 
barley, hops, potatoes, agricultural implements. 

Minnesota ranks fourth in barley and wheat;—hay, corn, oats, dairy 
products. 

Mississippi ranks second in cotton ;—rice, mules, molasses, sugar. 

Missouri ranks first in mules;—cattle, corn, hogs, horses, wheat, 
tobacco, sheep, potatoes, copper. 


2 ) i e 3nbuftrieen. 


77 


Delaware fteljt im erften Stange fur spfirfidfje;—06ft. 

9t o x b unb © ii b 2) a f o t a fteljen im erften Stage fur SB eigen ;—©olb, 
©ilber. 

5 I o r i b a fteljt im britten ©rabe fur 3uder unb ©imp ; Steig, S3aum* 
tooEe, SJtaig, Draitgen. 

(Georgia fteljt im groeiten Stange fiir ©iijjtartoffel, Steig;—©irup, 
S3aumtooEe, $uder, SJtauIefel, ©dpoeine, SJtaig. 

3 n b i a n a fteljt im groeiten Stange fur SBeijen ;—lanbroirtljfcf)aftlicf)e 
©erdtlje, SJtaig, ©ctjroeine, Ddjfen, $iilje, anbereg Stinboielj, ^ferbe, 
$ol)Icn, 33ier. 

Illinois ftefyt im erften Stage fiir §afer, gleifcf)oerfanbt, S3retter, 
SBcigen, S3ier, ©cfmapg, SJtaig;—Ianbroirtf)fcf)aftlid()e ©cratlje, $of)len, 
Stoggen, ©djroeine, ©eife, §eu, ^artoffeln, Somber, SJtauIefel, @ifen 
unb ©taf)l. 

3 o m a ftef;t im erften Stange fiir ©djroeine;—Stinboielj, ^ferbe, §eu, 
SJtaig, §afer, ©erfte, Stoggen, $artoffeln, SBeigen unb $of)len. 

3 b a 6 o fteljt im fed;ften Stange fur ©olb unb ©ilber. 

$ a n f a g fteljt im fiinften Stange fur Stinboielj, SJtaig, Stoggen;—§eu, 
SBeigen, ©djroeine, $ferbe, ^ofjlen. 

$ e n t u d p ftef)t im erften Stange fiir ©dfjnapg, £abad;—S3ier, ^Sferbe, 
SJtauIefel, SJtatg, Stoggen, ^oljlen, SBeigen. 

2 o u i f i a n a fteljt im erften Stange fiir 3udcr unb ©irup ;—Steig, 
SSaumrooEe, 

SJt a i n e fteljt im erften Stange fiir ©cfjipbau, ©ranit, ©cfjiefer, §olg, 
gifdfjerei, 23ud(jroeigen, ^upfer, §opfen. 

SJt a r p l a n b ftef)t im oierten Stange fiir ^ofjlen;—Xabad, $upfer unb 
©ifen. 

SJiaffacfjufettg fteljt im erften Stange fiir S3aumrooEen= unb 
SBoEenftoffe, Sacfjg unb SJtadrelen§anbel, SJtanufaftur. 

SJt i cf) i g a n fteljt im erften Stange fiir $upfer, § 0 ( 5 , ©alg@ifen, 
SBeigen, SBucfjroeigen, ©erfte, §opfen, $artoffeln, lanbroirtljfcljaftlid(je 
©eratfje. 

SJt i n n e f 0 t a fteljt im oierten Stange fiir ©erfte unb SB eigen.§eu, 
SJtaig, §afer, SJteiereiprobufte. 

SJt i f f i f f i p p t fteljt im groeiten Stange fiir 33aumrooEe;—Steig, 
©irup, guder, SBeigen, £abad, ©dfjafe, ^artoffeln, ^upfer. 

SJt i f f 0 u r i fteljt im erften Stange fiir SJtauIefel; — Stinboielj, SJtaig 
©dfjroeine, ^ferbe, SBeigen, Xabad, ©djafe, $artoffeln unb $upfer. 


78 


The Industries. 


Montana ranks fifth in silver and gold ;—oats, wheat, potatoes. 

New Mexico ranks first in grasses ;—corn, oats, wheat, sheep, mules, 
hogs, gold, zinc, copper. 

Nebraska ranks first in rye, barley, buckwheat, flax, hemp;—corn, 
apples, plums, grapes. 

Nevada ranks second in gold ;—silver, lead, copper, zinc, platinum, 
tin, nickel, corn, oats, wheat, sheep, horses, mules, hogs. 

New Hampshire ranks third in cotton goods ;—boots and shoes, paper, 
leather, lumber, knit goods, corn, wheat, oats. 

New Jersey ranks first in silk goods, fertilizers, zink ;—iron and steel, 
buckwheat, soap, hay, corn, cranberries, potatoes, wheat, fruit. 

New York ranks first in manufacturing, commerce, printing and 
publishing, hops, hay, potatoes, buckwheat, dairy products;— 
beer, whiskeys, agricultural implements, iron and steel, corn, wheat. 

North Carolina ranks first in tar and turpentine;—peanuts, tobacco, 
cotton, rice, corn, fruits, sweet potatoes, wheat, oats. 

Ohio ranks first in wool, agricultural implements ;—beer, coal, petro¬ 
leum, iron and steel, printing and publishing, horses, cows, hogs, 
tobacco, iron, wheat, corn, oats, potatoes. 

Oregon ranks first in cattle raising;— wheat, lumber, salmon, gold, 
copper, iron, coal. 

Pennsylvania ranks first in iron and steel, coal and petroleum ;—rye, 
potatoes, buckwheat, oats, tobacco, silk goods, beer, agricultural 
implements, copper, salt, horses, cattle, sheep. 

Rhode Island ranks first in manufacturing cotton and linen goods ;_ 

hay, corn, oats, potato, dairy products. 

South Carolina ranks first in phosphates;—turpentine, tar, lumber, 
fisheries, rice, cotton. 

Tennessee ranks second in peanuts;—tobacco, corn, cotton, hemp, 
flax, broom-corn, copper. 


£)ie$nbuftrieen. 79 

Montana ftefjt ini fiinften S^ange fur ©ifber unb ©olb;—§afcr, 
2 Bet 3 en, ^artoffefn. 

9Z e u e £ i I o ftefjt im erften flange fur (S5rafer 9 ftai 3 , §afer, 
SKeigen, ©cfyafe, 9Jtaufefef, ©dfjmeine, ©ofb, 3 int ^upfer. 

5Re6ra§fa ftefjt im erften Stage fur S^oggen, GJerfte, SBucfjmeisen, 
glad^S, §anf;—SJJaiS, Sfepfef, ^pffaumen, £rauben. 

9ieraba ftefjt im groeiten S^ange fur ©olb;—©ifber, 53 lei, Ifupfer, 
3 inf, ^latin, 3 ™ n / SJtaiS, §afer, SBei^en, ©cfjafe, $ferbe, 

SDtaiefel, ©dfjmeine. 

s Jt e m §ampff)ire ftefjt im britten Stage fur SaummoEenftoffe;— 
©dfjufje unb ©tiefef, papier, Seber, § 0 ( 3 , ©tridfmaaren, Sftai§, 
2 Bei 3 en, §afer. 

5leit) 3 e r f e 9 ftefjt im erften Stage fur ©eibenroaaren, fiinftlidfjen 
hunger, Qint ;—@tfen unb ©tafjf, SBudfjmeisen, ©eife, §eu, SJtoiS, 
SJtooSbeercn, ^artoffeln, SBe^cn, Dbftfjcmbef. 

St e to 5) 0 r f ftefjt im erften Stage fur SJtaufaftur, ®anbel, $)rucf unb 
S3erfag, §opfen, §eu, ^artoffefn, SBncfjroeisen, SJteiereiprobufte;—33ier^ 
©df)nap§, fanbmirtfyfcfjaftficfje ©eratfje, @ifen unb ©tafjf, S)tai§, 
SBeisen. 

St 0 r b Carolina ftefjt im erften 3^ange fur £f)eer unb £erpentin ;— 
©rbniiffe, Sabadf, 23aumrooEe, SteiS, SJtaiS, Dbft, ©tifjfartoffefn, 
SBeisen, §afer. 

D fj i 0 ftefjt im erften Stage fur SBoEe, lanbroirt^fd^aftlid^e ©erdtfje;— 
23ier, $ofjfen, petroleum, @ifen unb ©tafjl, SDrucf unb SSerfag, 
$ferbe, $ufje, ©cfjroeine, £abacf, CSifen, JBeisen, SJtate, §afer, 
$artoffefn. 

Oregon ftefjt im erften Stage fur 33 iefj 3 udjt;—SBeisen, § 0 ( 3 , BadfjS, 
(55oIb, $upfer, @ifen, $ofjfen. 

^ennfploanien ftefjt im erften Stage fur ©ifen unb ©tafjl, 
$of)Ien unb petroleum;—Stoggen, tetoffefn, 33 udf)met 3 en, §afer, 
£abadf, ©eibenmaaren, S3ter, fanbroirtfjfdfjaftlidfje ©erdtfje, Sfupfer, 
©at 3 , ^Pferbe, Stinboiefy, ©cfjafe. 

St f) 0 b e 3 §Ianb ftefjt im- erften Stage fur SJtaufaftur non 23aum= 
moEen unb Seinemoaaren ;—§eu, SJtaiS, £afer, totoffefn, SJiilcfjereis 
probufte. 

©iib Carolina ftefjt im erften Stage fur pfjoSpfjorfaure ©afse ;— 
£erpentin unb £fjeer, § 0 ( 3 , gifdfjerei, Steis, SBaummoEe. 

% e n n e f f e e ftefjt im 3 toeitcn flange fur ©rbnuffe;—!Xabacf, SJtaiS, 
SBaummoEe, §anf, gladfjg, ^efenforn, $upfer. 


80 


The Industries. 


Texas ranks first in cotton, cattle;—sugar, molasses, wheat, corn, 
sweet potatoes, salt, wine. 

Utah ranks third in silver ;—cheese, stockraising, wheat. 

Vermont ranks third in copper ; —corn, wheat, oats, hay, potatoes, 
hops, buckwheat, manufacturing, lumber sawing, marble work. 

Virginia ranks first in peanuts ;—iron, copper, salt, tobacco, saw-mills, 
iron and steel, foundries, machine-shops. 

West Virginia ranks fifth in coal, salt;—wheat, corn, oats, tobacco, 
buckwheat, iron and steel, sheep, hogs, lumber, wine. 

Washington ranks first in lumber ;—butter, wheat, oats and hops. 

Wisconsin ranks second in hops ;—barley, rye, wheat, buckweat, corn, 
oats, hay, cranberries, cheese, butter, potatoes, manufacturing of 
agricultural implements, copper. 

Wyoming. Iron, copper, lead, plumbago, petroleum, gold, soda, coal, 
wheat, rye, oats and barley. 


THE PRODUCTION OF METALS MINERALS, ETC. 

The production of steel ingots in 1890 - tons 4,900,000 

Iron rails 2,200,000 

The entire product was made by seven companies. 

The production of pigiron, - - - tons 10,260,500 

Copper, - pounds 278,610,000 

Lead, - tons 187,000 

The production of tin is small. 

The production of quicksilver, - - flasks 26,464 

Zinc, (1889) - * - - tons 68,000 

Nickel, (1888) - pounds 190,637 

Gold, (1889) $ 32,967,000 

Silver, (1889) | 64,768,730 

Bituminous coal, (1888) - - - tons 98,110,838 

Anthracite, (1888) - - - “ 43,926,897 

Salt, (1889) ----- barrels 8,746,979 


1 



$ i c ^nbuftrieen. 


81 


'X- c j a 3 ftefyt im erften flange fur 33auminolIe, Sfanbniefj;—3 U ^ 
©irup, SBeijen, 3Jlatg, ©iifjfartoffeln, ©alj, SBein. 

U t a i) fteljt im britten 9tange fiir ©ilber;—$afe, 33icfjsudbt, SBei^en. 

Vermont ftcljt im britten 9tange fiir $upfer ;—SBeijen, §afer, 
§eu, ^artoffeln, §opfen, 33ud[)toei5en, SDfanufafturen, ©dgemiif)len, 
SDfatrmortn erf flatten. 

33 i r g i n i e n fteljt im erften 9tange fiir ©rbniiffe;—@i[en, ^upfer, 
©al^, £abacf, ©agemiifjlen, ©ifen unb ©tal)l, ©iefcereien, SDfafdjinens 
tnerfftatten. 

SB e ft 33 i r g i n i e n ftebt im fiinften 9tange fiir $ofjlen unb ©afg ; — 
SBeijen, S0tai3, §afer, SEabacf, 33udf)tnei3en, ©ifen unb ©taljl, ©djjafe, 
©cfytneine, §o!g, SBein. 

SB a f i) i n g t o n fteijt im erften 9tang fiir 33aufjoIs;—33utter, SBei^en, 
§afer unb §opfen. 

SB i 3 c o n f i n fteljt im gtoeiten Dtange fiir §opfen ;—©erfte, 9toggen, 
SBeijen, 33ucf) to eigen, 9Kai§, §afer, §eu, 9Jtoo§beeren, 5^afe, 33utter, 
fctoffeln, lanbtoirtbfdjaftlidje ©eratlje, $upfer. 

SB p o m i n g. (Sifen, $upfer, 33lei, 9teif$blei, petroleum, ©olb, ©oba, 
$of)len, SBeigen, Sfoggen, §afer unb ©erfte. 


2>ie sprobnetton doit SWctattcit, SJtincraltcn u. f. to. 


$Die ^robuction non ©taf)fftangen in 1890, * Stonnen 4,900,000 

©ifenbaljnfcfjienen, * * * = " * 2,200,000 

2)a3 ©efammtprobuct rnurbe non fieben ©efettfdjjaften IjergefieHt. 

$)ie ^probuction non 9to^eifen, * * Stonnen 10,260,000 

Itupfer, s $funb 278,610,000 

33lei, s s s s s STonnen 187,000 


2)ie 33robuction non 3*™ ift gering. 
©ie ^$robuction non Quecffilber, 
3inf, (1889) 

Wei, (1888) 

©olb, (1889) 

©ilber, (1889) 

©rbfjargige $of)le (1888) « * 

©langfofyle (1888) 

©alg, (1889) 


glafcf)en 26,464 
STonnen 68,000 
$funb 190,637 
= $ 32,967,000 

$ 64,768,730 
= £onnen 98,110,838 
= " 43,926,897 

gaffer 8,746,979 



82 


The Industries. 


THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS 


in the year 1889 were the following : 


2,112,892,000 

Bushel Corn at 

the value of 

# 597 > 9 i M 29 

490,560,000 

(( 

Wheat 

tt 

tt 

342,49^707 

28,415,000 

n 

Rye 

tt 

tt 

16,721,869 

75 U 5 I 5 > 000 

n 

Oats 

tt 

tt 

171,781,008 

63,884,000 

it 

Barley 

tt 

tt 

37,672,032 

12,050,000 

tt 

Buckwheat 

tt 

tt 

7,627,647 

202,365,000 

tt 

Potatoes 

tt 

tt 

81,413.589 

46,643,094 

Tons 

Hay 

tt 

it 

408,499,565 

3,438,188,060 Pounds Tobacco 

tt 

tt 

292,139,209 

800,250,000 

6 i 

Butter 




28,275,400 

“ 

Cheese 




115,200,000 

£ £ 

Rice 




276,000,000 

it 

Wool 




6,940,898 

Bales 

Cotton 





60,000,000 Dollars Orchardproducts 
18,484,462 Gallons Molasses. 


THE NUMBER OF FARM ANIMALS 


in the year 1889 were as follows : 

14,213,837 Horses at the value of 

2,331,027 I^Eules and asses “ “ 

36,849,024 Oxen and other cattle “ “ 

15,952,883 Milchcows “ “ 

51,602,780 Swine “ “ 

44 ? 33 ^>° 7 2 Sheep “ “ 


^978,516,562 

182,394,099 

560,625,137 

353 U 5 2 U 33 
243^418,336 
100,659,761 


» 

PRODUCTS OF THE FISHERIES. 

Fish, fresh, dried, smoked or cured, pickled, salmon, 

oysters etc. .... $6,040,826 

Whalebone .... 705,500 

Oils etc. - - - - - 565,374 

All other products of fisheries - - 146,685 


Total value 


#7,458,385 





83 


2 ) t e ^nbuftrieen. 

5>te lanbmirtfjfdjaftlidjen drjcugntffc 

im Saljre 1889 roaren bte folgenben : 


2,112,892,000 

Sufljel 5Rai§ gum SSert^e non * 

$597,918,829 

490,560,000 

" SSetgen " " * s 

342,491,707 

28,415,000 

" 9toggen " " s 

16,721,869 

751,515,000 

" §afer " " s s 

171,781,008 

63,884,000 

" ©erfte " " * 

37,672,032 

12,050,000 

" 35ud>roetgen " * s 

7,627,647 

202,365,000 

" ^artoffel " " s 

81,413,589 

46,649,094 

Xonnen §eu " " < « 

408,499,565 

3,438,188,060 

$funb £abacE " " * 

292,139,209 

800,250,000 

" Sutter 


28,275,400 

" $afe 


115,200,000 

" S'teiS 


276,000,000 

" SSotte 


6,940,898 

Satten Saumroolle 


60,000,000 

2)olIar3 roertf) Dbft 


18,484,462 

(SJaEonen >2h)rup. 



$cr Sicljbcflanb bcr fjarmcn 

in bemfelben S^itraume roar ber folgenbe: 
14,213,837 $ferbe gum 2Bertfje non 

2,331,027 SJtauIejel unb @fel „ „ 

36,849,024 Deafen unb anbereS 9tinbmelj „ „ 

15,952,883 Sftildpfje 

51,602,780 0d)roetne „ „ 

44,336,072 Sd&afe 


$978,516,562 

182,394,099 

560,625,108 

353,152,133 

243,418,336 

100,659,761 


f$tf#erctbrobuffc. 

grifcf)e, getroefnete, geraudfjerte unb emgemacf)te, gepofelte 


gtfe^e, £adfj§, Stuftern u. f. ro = s $6,040,826 

g’ifd&bein s s s r s 705,500 

Deleu.f.w. = 565,374 

OTe iibrtgen gifd^ereiprobufte * * • * 146,685 


©efammtroertlj * $7,458,385 




84 


The Industries. 


PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE. 


Value of Domestic Mercha7idise exported from the United States to 
Foreign Countries during the year ending June jo, 1890. 


Cotton, unmanufactured 
Breadstuff's : wheat, flour etc. 

Provisions, comprising meat and dairy products 
Animals : cattle, hogs, horses etc. 

Tobacco 

Oil cake, and oil cake meal 
Oils : animal cotton seed, linseed 
Fruits, including nuts - 

Seeds - 

Hides and skins other than furs 
Grease, grease scraps 
Vegetables, - 

Hops - 

Sugar, brown, molasses and sirup 
Glucose or grape sugar 
Chemicals, drugs, dyes, and medicines 
Casings for sausages 

Hay .... 

Hair, etc. . 

Bones, horns, etc. 

Wine . 

Honey .... 
Broom corn . 

Glue .... 

Eggs • 

Wool .... 

Rice .... 

Wax, bees* 

All other agricultural products 


#250,968,792 

i 54 ? 9 2 5 j 9 2 7 

136,264,506 

33,638,128 

2 L479,55 6 

7,999,926 

6,467,483 

4,059,547 

2,637,888 

1,828,635 

1,506,819 

U357>°95 

1,110,571 

94 8 , 75 i 
8 55 U 76 
800,225 
. 697,772 

567.578 
344.558 
2 7U533 
270,930 
113,101 
111,147 
88,484 
58,675 

33,543 

20.728 

19.728 

374,02 7 


Total value of exports of agricultural products . #629,820,808 


PRODUCTS OF. THE MINES, INCL. CRUDE MINERAL OILS. 
Coal: Anthracite . . . $3,319,726 

Bituminous . . . . 2 ct6 262 




® i e ^nbuftriccn. 


85 


2anbtoirtljftf)aftltd)c ^robuftc. 

2Qertf) ber non ben hereinigten 01 a a t e n in’s St it 3* 
I a n b e^portirten 28 a a r e n, tu a fj r e n b b e 3 ant 
30. 3 u n i 1890 ablaufenben g a f) r e 3. 


3?ol)e 23aumroolle s s s s 

23rob[toffe: SKetgen, u. f. to. * s 

^vromfionen, incluftne gleifdj unb <Scf)TOet§eretprobufte * 
£I)tere * 3^tnbt)tel), 0cf)TOetne, ^ferbe u. f. to. s 
£abacf * 

Delfucfyen unb Delfucfjenmeljl = s 

Dele : £fjterol, Saumtcodenfaamenot, Seinol ? 

grudjte unb SRuffe s = * 

0amcreten s 5 5 s 

©ante unb geHe, !eine $el§e * * 

Jett unb getiabfatle s s 5 s 

©emitfe s = = * = 

©opfen => 

23rauner gutter, guderfdfiaum unb ©prup * 

©lucofe ober Srauben^ucfer = * * 

©fjemifalten, ©roguen, garbeftoffe unb SJtebigtnen * 
2)arme fitr 28iirfte * * » = 

©eu * 

©aare u. f. to. = = = * 

£nod)en, Corner u. f. to. * * * 

28ein s s s s * 

©onig * s 

23efenforn = s 5 s 

Seim s s s s 

©ter s s s * s 

28ode » 

SRetS 5 5 5 5 S 

23tenemt>acfj3 = * 5 s 

Side iibrigen lanbnrirtljfcfjaftlicfjen $robu!te * 


$250,968,792 

154,925,927 

136,264,506 

33,638,128 

21,479,556 

7,999,926 

6,467,483 

4,059,547 

2,637,888 

1,828,635 

1,506,819 

1,357,095 

1,110,571 

948,751 

855,176 

800,225 

697,772 

567,578 

344,558 

271,533 

270,930 

113,101 

111,147 

88,484 

58,675 

33,543 

20,728 

19,727 

374,027 


©efammtroertl) ber ejportirten lanbTOtrtfjfdjaftlidfjen ^robufte $629,820,808 


aRinenpriJbufie, inclufttoc rolje SRutcrattilc. 

©langfofyle * s s s $3,319,726 

©rbfyar^ige $ofjle s s * 3,536,362 



The Industries. 


8i> 


Oils, mineral, crude 

Copper ore 

Ore, gold and silver bearing 
Marble and stone unmanufactured 
Quicksilver 

Zinc, ore or oxide of 

All other products of mining 

• 

6,744,235 

6,053,236 

U 973*976 

232,205 

183,096 

182,990 

71,929 


Total value 

#22,297,755 

PRODUCTS OF THE FOREST. 
Wood, firewood, lumber and manufactures of 

Spirits of turpentine .... 

Rosin, tar, pitch etc. 

Bark for tanning .... 

#21,764,884 

4 , 59 °> 93 I 

2 *^ 53 * 5 r 5 

263,754 


Total value 

$29,473,084 

OTHER 

Furs and fur-skins 

Ice 

Oakum 

Salt 

Rags . 

All other articles 

ARTICLES. 

#4,661,934 

111,762 

32,021 

29*073 

18,189 

288,441 


Total value 

#5,141,420 


THE VALUE OF AMERICAN MANUFACTURES. 


Clothing, 

Woolengoods, 

Cottongoods, 

Capentry, 

Lumber, 

Machinery, 

Liquor, 

Leather, boots and shoes, 
Flour, 

Other articles, 


5 280,000,000 
215,000,000 
270,000,000 
270,000,000 
280,000,000 
260,000,000 
145,000,000 
365,000,000 
590,000,000 
3,000,000,000 


Total, 


$5*675,000,000 









Sie Snbuftrieen. 

87 

Dele 

^upfererj = s 

©olb= unb ftlberljalttge ©rge 
^Dtarmor urtb Stein, rof)er 
Quedfilber * 

3in!er§, Sinfo^b * 

2We iibrigen TOnenprobufte 

s s s 

s s 

6,744,235 

6,053,236 

1,973,976 

232,205 

183,096 

182,990 

71,929 


£otatroerti) * 

$22,297,755 

gorftprubuftc. 

§o!g, SBrennljolg, Sretter unb gabrifate * s 

^erpentinol s s s s 

$olopfyonium, Sfyeer, *Ped) u. f. to. s * 

9tinbe fur ©erberei * 5 * 

$21,764,884 

4,590,931 

2,853,515 

263,754 


£otalroertf) s 

$29,473,084 

$elge, ^elgfette * 

@i§ 

2Berrtg * * 

©al* 

Suntpen 5 * 

2HIe itbrigen 2IrtifeI » 

inhere $lrttfc(. 

4,661,934 

* 111,762 

32,021 

* 29,073 
18,189 

s 288,441 


£otaln)ertb 

== 5,141,420 

$cr 2&crt(j amcrifaniftfjcr SRanufacturcn. 

gertige Kleiber, * * * $ 280,000,000 

SBoHemuaaren, ? 5 * 5 215,000,000 

!©aumroodenraaaren, 5 s 5 270,000.000 

©d;reinerarbeiten, = * 5 270,000,000 

§ol§, 35retter, s s s s 280,000,000 

9Jiafdf)tene, s s s s 260,000,000 

©eiftige ©eiranfe, * * s s 145,000,000 

£eber, ©djufje unb ©tiefel, * * 365,000,000 

5 s s s s 590,000,000 

Slnbere Slrtifel, * s 5 3,000,000,000 


©efammtbetrag, 5 

$5,675,000,000 







88 


The Industries. 


PRODUCTS OF DOMESTIC MANUFACTURE. 


Oil, mineral, refined 

Iron and steel and manufactures of (not iron ore) 

Leather, and manufactures of 

Cotton, manufactures of 

Wood, manufactures of 

Chemicals, drugs, dyes and medicines . 

Tobacco, manufactures of 
Agricultural implements 

Cars, passenger and freight for steam rail-roads 

Paraffine and paraffine wax 

Copper, and manufactures of (not copper ore) 

Flax, hemp and jute manufactures of 

Sugar, refined, including candy and confectionery 

Carriages and horse-cars, and parts of . 

Books, maps, engravings and other printed matte 
Clocks and watches, and parts of 
Spirits . 

Fertilizers 

Instruments and apparatus for scientific purposes 
Paper, and manufactures of . 

Soaps .... 

Musical Instruments 

India rubber and gutta percha manufactures of 
Fancy articles 
Glass and glassware 

Gunpowder and other explosive articles 
Marble and stone, manufactures of 
Jewelry, and manufactures of gold and silver 
Malt liquors 

Paints and painters colors 
Lamps, chandeliers etc. 

Stationery, except of paper . , 

Brass, and manufactures of . , 

Plated ware 

Wood, manufactures of 

Starch .... 

Oils, vegetable (not cotton- and linseed oils) 


#44,658,8^, 
25,542,208 
12,438,847 
9 , 999, 2 77 

6,509,645 

5,424,279 

3,876,045 

3 , 859 , i8 4 
2,679,698 
2,408,709 

2 , 349 , 39 2 
2,094,807 
2,080,662 
2,056,980 
1,886,094 
1,695,136 
1,633,110 
1,618,681 
i,4Z9,785 
1,226,686 
1,109,017 
1,105,134 
1,090,307 

1,045,364 

882,677 
868,728 
729,111 
662,759 
654,408 
578,103 
523,021 
490,673 

467,313 

440,714 

437,479 

378,115 

326,227 





2) i e ^nbuftriccn. 


89 


^robuftc cutfjctmifdjcr 9Jianufaftur. 

9iaffinirteg Del * * * * 

(Sifen unb ©tafylroaaren (nid;t bag @rg) * 
Seberartifel = <= s s 

33auinn)odenartifel ? = s 

§ol^fabri!ate 5 s s s 

@f)emtfalien, 2)roguen, garbeftoffe unb ^cbijinen s 
^abad’gfabnfate 5 s s 

2anbnnrtf)fd(jaftlidf)e ©eratljfdjjaften s s 

^affagiers unb gradjtroagen fur (Stfenbaljnen * 
paraffin unb 2©acf)g s 5 s 

^upferfabrifate (ntd&t bag @r§) 5 5 

§anf= unb $>utefabrifate * * 

dlaffinirter 3uder, inclufiue Gonfect 5 

$utfcf)en unb ^ferberoagen, unb £ljeUe berfetben s 
33uc^er, Marten, ©tidjje unb anbere gebrudte ©ad^en 5 
2Sanbu()ren unb Ufyren, unb Xfjeile berjelben * 
©pirituofen 5 s s s 

©ungmittel = ? = = 

^nftrumente unb 21pparate fur nriffenfcf)aftlicfje groecfe 
papier unb ^apierfabrifate * 5 

©eife 5 s s s s 

2ftufifaltfcf)e ^nftrumente = s 

©ummi unb ©uttapercfjafabrifate 5 * 

•Ulobearttfel s s s # 

©lag unb ©lagroaaren s s * 

©df)ieff)ult)er unb anbere ejplobirenbe Slrtifel s 
s JJtarmor= unb ©teinfabrifate s s # 

^uroelenroaaren, unb ©olb- unb ©tlberfacfyen * 

Stcr 5 S S S * 

garben unb 2ftalerfarben s s s 

dampen, Jfronleudjter u. f. n>. * * * 

©cf)retbmaterialien (nid^t aug papier) * 

9Jteffingfabrifate * * * * 

^latirte 28aare * * = 

§oIsfabrifate = * * s 

©tarfe * = 5 ; 

$f!an§enole (ntdfjt non SBaumroodenfamen unb Seindl) 


$ 44,658,854 
25,542,208 
12,438,847 
9,999,277 
6,509,645 
5,424,279 
3,876,045 
3,859,184 
2,689,698 
2,408,709 
2,349,392 
2,094,807 
2,080,662 
2,056,980 
1,886,094 
1,695,136 
1,633,110 
1,618,681 
1,429,785 
1,226,686 
1,109,017 
1,105,134 
1,090,307 
1,045,364 
882,677 
868,728 
729,111 
662,759 
654,408 
578,103 
523,021 
490,673 
467,313 
440,714 
437,479 
378,115 
326,227 


90 


The Industries. 


Tin, manufactures of 


284,896 

Blacking 


238, 39 1 

Art works : paintings and statuary 


223,930 

Varnish 


216,419 

Trunks, valises and traveling-bags 


209,850 

Lead, and manufactures of . 


184,317 

Earthen, stone, and china ware 


175.477 

Zinc, manufactures of 


156,15° 

Brooms and brushes 


15L128 

Ink, printers’ and other 


144,057 

Candles 


i 43>°73 

Lime and cement . 


134,994 

Vessels sold to foreigners 


104,798 

Brides . 


99. 2 93 

Coffee and cocoa, ground and prepared, and 

chocolate 

93.735 

Straw and palm leaf manufactures of 


63 . 3 6 3 

Matches 


62,284 

Silk, manufactures of 


54,449 

Billiard and pool tables, and apparatus . 


42,466 

Stereotype and electrotype plates 


30,662 

Spices, ground and prepared 


25.457 

Vinegar 


10,520 

Umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades 


1,716 

All other manufactured articles 


979 > 5 o6 


$15!,102,376 


UNENUMERATED DOMESTIC EXPORTS. 


Agricultural products, unmanufactured . 9 2,5 2 7 

“ “ manufactured . . 281,500 

Products of the mines . . . 715929 

Products of the fisheries . . . 29,928 

Miscellaneous products , . , 288,441 

Manufactures , , , . 9 79,5 06 


Total value 


#1.743.831 








Ste ^nbujirteen. 


91 


Slecfjfabrifate s 

SBidjfe s s s s 

^unftroerfe: $emalbe unb 23iIbljauereiprobufte * 
girnifc s s » s 

Coffer, ^offerdjen itnb 9teifetafdf)en s * 

SBIet unb 23lctroaaren s s 

Srbenes, ©teins unb ^orgeCtanraaare s * 

Sinffabrifate s s * s 

23efcn unb Slirften = s s * 

SDxnte unb SBudjbrucferfdjroarge s s 

Sifter s s s * * 

$alf unb Cement s * s 

©df)iffe, an SJu^Idnber nerfauft s * 

SBacffteine = s s 5 

$affee unb @ocoa, gemafylen unb prapartrt, Chocolate 
©trot)* unb ^almenbldtterroaaren * s 

©treidjfyolger s s s s 

©etbenraaaren s s s * 

33iUiarbttfdf)e - s' s 5 

©tereoti;p= unb ©tectrotppplatten s s 

©emafjlene unb prdparirte ©eumrge s » 

effig = 

3tegen= unb ©onnenfcfyirme s * 

2ltfe iibrigen gabrifate s s * 


$284,896 

238,391 

223,930 

216,419 

209,850 

184,317 

175,477 

156,150 

151,128 

144,057 

143,073 

134,994 

104,798 

99,293 

93,735 

63,363 

62,284 

54,449* 

42,466 

30,662 

25,457 

10,520 

1,716 

979,506 


$151,102,376 


9lid)t bcfonbcrS bcnamttcr cmfjctmiftfjcr djjiorf. 


Sfofye Ianbn>irt§fd&aftlic§e ^robufte 

S 

92,527 

^Serfertigte ^robufte * 5 

2 

281,500 

9Dftnenprobufte s * 

2 2 

71,929 

gifdjereiprobufte 2 * 

2 

29,928 

2tllerlei $robufte 2 2 

2 2 

288,441 

gabrifate 2 2 2 

2 

979,506 


©efammtroertl) 


$1,743,831 





92 


The Industries. 


ARTICLES OF FOOD AND ANIMALS. 

Value of Merchandise Imported into the United States during the year 
ending June go, 1890. 

Sugar, sugar molasses, sugar candy and confectionery 
Coffee 

Fruits, including nuts 


Tea 

Breadstuff's 
Animals 
Fish 

Vegetables 
Spices 
Rice 

Cocoa etc. 

Eggs . 

Provisions, comprising meat and dairy products 
Hay 
Salt 

Oil, olive 
All other articles 

Articles imported in a crude condition 
Articles wholly or partially manufactured for use as 
materials in the manufactures and the mechanic arts 
Manufactured articles ready for consumption 

Total value 


$101,293,82 6 
78,267,432 
20,746,471 

12,317,493 

7,142,998 

6,766,932 

5*289,835 

4 , 455*374 

3*223,071 

2,540,674 

2,312,781 

2,074,912 

3,011,314 

Li 43*445 

95 °* 9 2 5 

819,110 

588,115 

180,846,654 

84,746,767 
T 57 , 943*573 
$695,481,702 


ARTICLES OF VOLUNTARY USE, LUXURIES ETC. 


Silk, manufactures of $38,686,374 

Tobacco, and manufactures of . . 21,710,454 

Jewelry, precious stones, diamonds etc. . 13,744,439 

Embroideries, laces, etc. . . 8,859,956 

Wine .... 7,626,378 

Spirits distilled, etc. . . . 3,312,746 

Malt liquors .... 1,427,608 

Fancy articles .... 7,626,378 

Art works, paintings and statuary - - 2,196,500 

Musical instruments - - - 1,703,129 

Flax, hemp, etc., manufactures of - - 1,564,072 

Chemicals, drugs, mineral water etc. - - 43L5 79 

All other articles ... 1,117,802 


Total value - $113,828,707 









$ i e 3 « b u ft r i e e n. 


93 


9ialjrmtg3mittcl unb Styicre. 

2Bertlj bcr 3Baarcn, toeld;e fc?al)renb be§ am 30* ^uni abtaufenben $afj>re3 
bie SSereinigtcn ©taaten cingefii^rt ftmrben. 


gucfer, guderfc^aum unb Gonfect = s 

5 

$101,293,826 

^affec s s s 

3 

78,267,432 

griidjte unb SRuffe 5 s s 

3 

20,746,471 

Sljcc s s = s 

3 

12,317,493 

SBrobftoffe *335 

3 

7,142,998 

£I)tere * 3 s 

5 

6,766,932 

M<$e = 

3 

5,289,835 

©emiife = * s 

3 

4,455,374 

©etniirs 5 s s 5 

3 

3,223,071 

i§ 3 3 3 5 

5 

2,540,674 

Gacao u. f. to. * s 5 

5 

2,312,781 

Gier 3 s s 5 

5 

2,074,912 

-pronifionen, tncluftoe gletfdj unb SdjTOeiserprobufte 3 

2,011,314 

§eu 3 3 

3 

1,143,445 

6al§ 3353 

3 

950,925 

Dlinenot 3 s = 

5 

819,110 

2 We iibrigen Slrtifel 3 s s 

3 

588,115 

SRo^ftoffc importirt 3 5 s 

SSerfertigte ober tfjeilroeife uerfertigte Slrtifcl fur ben ©e^ 

180,846,654 

brauc^ non gabrifanten unb 9Kecf)anifern 

5 

84,746,767 

gertige 2 lriifel ^um foforltgen ©ebraudj 

* 

157,943,573 

SEotalmertlj 

3 

$695,481,702 

Sttrtifcl fiir bcliebigen ©ebrawf), Cujularftfel u. f. to. 

Seibenroaaren * s s 

5 

$ 38,686,374 

£abacf unb ^raparate 3 s 

3 

21,710,454 

gumelen, Gbelfteine, ©tamanten u. f. to. 3 

5 

13,744,439 

©ticfereten, ©pi$en u. f. to. 3 

5 

8,859,956 

SSein s s 3 s 

3 

7,626,378 

SDeftiUirte ©pirituofen 3 5 

5 

3,312,746 

23ier 3 5 3 3 

5 

1,427,608 

•Sftobeartifet 3 5 5 

3 

7,626,378 


Sunftraerfe, ©ernalbe unb 33ilb^auerarbeitert 
s J!ftufifaltf$e Snftrumente = * 

glad)3, §anfraaaren u. f. to, 3 « 

@f)emifalien, SDroguen, 50iineraltx>affer u. f. to. 
Sltte iibrigen Slrtifel * * * 

©efammtTOertlj 


2,196,500 
1,703,129 
1,564,072 
431,579 
1,117,802 

8113,828,707 





94 


The Industries. 


Value of Imports into , and Exports from the United States, and of 
Merchandise to each Foreign Country during the year 



ending June jo, 1890. 

__ DOMESTIC EXPORTS. 

COUNTRIES. 

MERCHANDISE. 

IMPORTS. 

MERCHANDISE. 

Argentine Republic 

$ 8,322,627 

$ 5 , 401,697 

Austria Hungary 

945.703 

9 . 33 L 378 

Belgium 

. 

26,140,377 

9,336,482 

Bolivia 


11,002 

3 ° 

Brazil 


11,902,496 

59,318,756 

Costa Rica 

• 

1,098,952 

1,676,711 

Guatemala 

Central American 

1,326,388 

2,281,681 

Honduras 

Nicaragua 

States. 

522,63! 

1,270,073 

984,404 

1,655,690 

Salvador 


886,231 

1 , 453^958 

Chili . 

. 

3,219,465 

3,183,249 

China 

. 

2 . 943 . 79 ° 

16,260,471 

Colombia 


2,522.3s 1 

3 , 575,253 

Denmark 

. 

5,037,290 

238,508 

Danish West Indies 

Greenland, Iceland, and the 

785,395 

588,739 

Faroe Islands 

702 

” 5,338 

Ecuador 


714,924 

535 ,o 6 o 

France 


49,013,004 

77,672,311 

French West Indies 

1,768,826 

128,997 

French Guiana 

Miquelon, Langley, and Saint 

154,859 

17,647 

Pierre Islands 

French East Indies 

French Possessions in Africa and 

446,844 

93, x 57 

37,295 

adjacent islands 

x 99, 6 34 

421,717 

French Possessions in Oceanica . 

340,323 

172,358 

Germany 

. 

84 , 3 I 5> 2I 5 

98,837,683 

England 

. 

383,110,693 

157,686,501 

Scotland 

. 

38,566,619 

x 9 ,617, 3°2 

Ireland 


22,781,697 

9,185,153 

Gibraltar 
Nova Scotia, 

New Brunswick and 

501,421 

27,557 

Prince Edward Islands 

4,190,520 

5,485,970 








2) i e 3 « b u ft r i e e tt. 


95 


2B e r t Ij b e r oon ben 23ereinigten ©taaten 
importirten unb e^portirten 2B a a r e n com 
30. 3 u n i 1889 b i 3 gum 30. g u n i 1890. 


£ 

d n b e r. (5 i n t) e i m i f cfye r G g p o r t. 

Smportirte 



28 a a r e n. 

28 a aren. 

©ie argentinifcfje Diepublif 

$ 8 , 322,627 

$ 5 , 401,697 

Deftreid)=Ungarn. 

945.703 

9»33 r »378 

SBelgien 


26 , 140,377 

9 , 336,482 

33oltt)ien 


11,002 

30 

Sraftlten 


11 , 902,496 

59,318,756 

Sofia SRica 'l 


1 , 098,952 

1 , 676,711 

Guatemala 

§cnbura§ 

Central 2 tmerifanifd>e 
©taaten. 

1 , 326.388 
522,6 3 1 

2 , 281,681 

984,404 

Nicaragua 

1 , 270,073 

1 , 655,690 

©alnabor 


886,231 

J ,453,958 

<ST)iIe . 


3 , 219,465 

3, 1 83,249 

Sfjina 


2.943.79° 

16 , 260,471 

Solombia 


2 , 522,351 

3,575,253 

©anemarf 


5 , 037,290 

238,508 

©anifdj SBeftinbien 
©riJnlanb, 3 §lanb un ^ 

785.395 

588,739 

Snfeln 


702 

h5,338 

Scuabor 


714,924 

535,o6o 

granfreid) 


49 , 013,004 

77 , 672,311 

frangofifdje 2Beftinbien 

1 , 768,826 

128,997 

grangofifdf) ©uiana 

Miquelon, Sanglep, unb ©t. Pierre 

154,859 

17,647 

Snfeln 

. 

446,844 

37,295 

grangofifdje§ Dftinbien . 
grangofifcf)e 23efi£ungen in Slfrifa 

93,157 


u. f. TO. 


i99, 6 34 

421,717 

grang. Sefi^ungen in Sluftralien 

340,323 

172,358 

©eutfd^Ianb 


84,3 I 5,2i5 

98 , 837,683 

Snglanb 


383 , 110,693 

157 , 686,501 

©d&ottlanb 


38 , 566,619 

19 , 617,302 

grlanb 


22 , 781,697 

9,^5,153 

©ibraltar 


501,421 

27,557 

9 tafdjottIanb, -Ren 33raunfd)n>eig unb 



bie $ring Sbtnarb ^nfeln 

4 , 190,520 

5,485,970 









96 


The Industries. 


COUNTRIES. 

Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and 
the Northwest Territory 
British Colombia 
Newfoundland and Labrador 
British West Indies 
British Guiana 
British Honduras 
British East Indies 
Hong-Kong 

British Possessions in Africa and 
adjacent islands 

British Possessions in Australasia 
British Possessions, all other 
Greece 

Hawaiian Islands 

Hayti 

Italy 

Japan 

Liberia 

Mexico 

Netherlands 

Dutch West Indies 

Dutch Guiana . 

Dutch East Indies 

Peru 

Portugal 

Azore, Madeira and Cape Verde 
Islands 

Portuguese West Indies . 
Portuguese Possessions in Africa 
and adjacent Islands 
Roumania 

Russia on the Baltic and White 
Seas 

Russia on the Black Sea 
Russia, Asiatic, 

San Domingo 


MESTIC EXPORTS. 

IMPORTS. 

MERCHANDISE. 

MERCHANDISE 

$ 3 1 , 454,337 

$ 31,110,593 

1,683,106 

2,446,414 

1,216,491 

354,003 

^074,433 

14,865,018 

2,011,122 

4 , 3 2 6,975 

348,564 

186,831 

4,655,256 

20,804,319 

4 , 434,641 

969.745 

3,238,809 

975.321 

11,168,081 

4,277,67 6 

320,611 

1,711,630 

167,282 

1,125,098 

4,606,900 

12,313,908 

5,101,464 

2,421,221 

12,974,249 

20,330,051 

5,227,186 

21,103,324 

161,465 

21,895 

12,666,108 

22,690,915 

22,487,588 

i 7 .° 2 9,233 

609,693 

194,036 

273,203 

574 ,n 4 

L 799 , 3 ° 6 

5,791,250 

1,418,561 

351,695 

3,891,789 

1,418,309 

481,452 

37 , 8 i 5 

2,147 

10,427 

6,418 

23 

9,785,272 

2,002,179 

748,293 

I , 3 ° 4 , 44 2 

127,966 

io 3,258 

926,651 

I.95LOI3 





i e 3 n b u ft v i c e n. 


97 


©infyeimifcber ©sport. $ m p o r t i r t e 


SB a ar c n. 


SB a ar ett. 


2 a n b c r. 

Quebec!, Ontario, Manitoba unb bag 
9?orbroeftlicf)e £erritcrium 
SSritifdj Colombia 
^eufunblanb unb Sabrabor 
33ritifd^ SKeftinbien 
S3ritifcf) ©uiana 
S3ritifcf) §onbura§ 

S3ritifcf) Dftinbien 
$ong=$ong 

S3ritifdje33efi£ungen inSlfrita unb ben 
umliegenben gnfeln . 

93ritifc^e 33efi£ungen in Sluftralafien 

Slfle iibrigen britifcfyen S3efitjungen 

©riecfjenlanb 

©ie §aroai Snfeln 

§apti 

3talien 

3apan 

Siberien 

$Resico 

$>ie ^ieberlanbe . 

§oflanbifcf)e§ SBeftinbien . 
§ottdnbifcf)e§ ©uiana 
§otfanbifcf)e3 Dftinbien . 

$eru .... 
Portugal 

Qie Sl^oren, 5ftabeira unb dap 
SSerbe 

S)a3 $ortugiefifcf)e SKeftinbien 
$ortugiefifc$e S3efi£ungen in SIfrifa 
u. f. ro. 

Dtumanien 

Sftujjlanb an ber Dftfee unb bem 
2Beif$en Sfteere 

9?uj$lanb am Sd^mar^en 9)teer 
£>a§ afiatifdje SHufclanb . 

©an SDomingo . 


$ 31.454,337 

$ 3 1 ,no,593 

1,683,106 

2,446,414 

1,216,491 

354,003 

8,074,433 

14,865,018 

2,011,122 

4,3 2 6,975 

348,564 

186,831 

4,655,256 

20,804,319 

4,434,641 

969,745 

3,238,809 

975,321 

II,l68,o8l 

4,277,676 

320,6ll 

1,711,630 

167,282 

1,125,098 

4,606,900 

12,313,908 

5,101,464 

2,421,221 

12,974,249 

20,330,051 

5,227,186 

21,103,324 

161,465 

21,895 

12,666,108 

22,690,915 

22,487,588 

17,029,233 

609,693 

194,036 

273,203 

574,n4 

i,799,3° 6 

5,791,250 

1,418,561 

35^695 

3,891,789 

1,418,309 

rh 

00 

37,815 


2,147 

10,427 

23 

6,418 


9> 78S.272 

2,002,179 

748,293 

I ,3°4,44 2 

127,966 

103,258 

926,651 

i»95 I > OI 3 





98 


The Industries. 


COUNTRIES. 

Spain 

Cuba 

Porto Rico 
Philippine Islands 
Spanish Possessions in Africa and 
adjacent Islands 
Spanish Possessions, all other 
Sweden and Norway 
Switzerland, - 

Turkey in Europe 
Turkey in Asia 
Turkey in Africa 
Uruguay - 

Venezuela - 

All other countries and ports in 
Asia - 

All other countries and ports in 
Africa - 

All other islands and ports 
Coin and Bullion 


DOMESTIC EXPORTS. 

IMPORTS. 

MERCHANDISE. 

MERCHANDISE. 

!2, 736 , 2 73 

5,288,537 

12,669,509 

53 * 801,591 

2 , 247,700 

4,053,626 

122,276 

11,592,626 

167,741 

82,082 

8,396 


3 > 555>633 

3,524,890 

22,170 

14 , 441 , 95 ° 

i 5 > 22 S 

1 , 426,549 

29,669 

2 , 437*108 

I 3 I * 49 2 

759 * 122 

3,210,112 

U 754,903 

3,984,280 

10,966,765 

37 I * 9 ° I 

35 * 2 ii 

680,559 

1,061,317 

130*959 

5 L 785 

35,782,189 

33 * 976 , 3 2 6 


THE LARGEST IRON BRIDGES IN THE UNITED STATES. 

The Brooklyn bridge is 6000 feet long, 85 feet wide and 135 feet 
high ; it weighs 34,000 tons. It is erected on two large towers 274 
feet high, which are 1,600 feet apart. It took 17 years to complete it. 
Roebling, the builder of the bridge and 19 others lost their life. The 
cost was $15,000,000. 

The bridge at St. Louis over the Mississippi is 2,200 feet long and 
was built at a cost of $2,000,000 by Eads. 

The suspension bridge at Cincinnati over the Ohio was built by 
Roebling, and is 2,252 feet long. 

There lead two bridges over the Niagara, one of 895 and the other 
of 850 feet length. 



2) i e $ n b u ft r i c e n. 


99 


Sanber. © i n bji 

imifcbcr ©sport. 

Stttpnrtirtc 


SB a a r e n. 

SB a a r e n. 

0 panien . . / 

12 , 736,273 

5 . 288,537 

Cuba .... 

12 , 669,509 

53 . 801,591 

^Porto 9tko 

2 , 247,700 

4 , 053,626 

$)ie ^fjilippinen ^nfeln . 

122,276 

11 , 592,626 

0 panifd)e S3efi£ungen in Stfrila 



u. f. to. 

167,741 

82,082 

2 tde iibrigen fpanifdje SBefitjungen 

8,396 


0 djroeben unb Storroegen . 

3,555* 6 33 

3 , 524,890 

$)ie 0 d)tneig 

22,170 

14 , 441,950 

£)ie Stiirfei in Curopa 

15*225 

1 , 426,549 

$>ie $£iirfei in Stfien 

29,669 

2 , 437,108 

SDie £iirfei in Slfrifa 

I 3 I ,49 2 

759, 122 

Uruguap 

3 , 210,112 

i>754,9°3 

SBeneguela 

3 , 984,280 

10 , 966,765 

Side iibrigen Sanber unb §afen in 



Slfien 

37 I *9° I 

35*2n 

Side iibrigen Sanner unb §afen in 



Slfrifa 

680,559 

1 , 061,317 

Side iibrigen $nfeln unb §afen . 

*3°,959 

5 T * 785 

SJliinge unb barren 

35 , 782,189 

33*976,326 


$tc griipen Gnfcttlirutfen in bctt SScmnigtcit 0taafen. 

$)ie S3rooflpner 33riicfe ift 6000 guf$ tang, 85 gufc breit unb 135 
guf$ Ijod;. 0ie roiegt 34,000 £onnen unb ruljt auf groei grofjen Shiftmen 
non 274 gug §of)e, roelcfje 1,600 gufs tr»ett non einanber entfernt ftefjen. 
C§ bauerte 17 !Jaf)re, fie nodenbct roar. Stoebling, ber SSaumeifter 
unb 19 anbere $erfoncn famen babei um§ Seben. SDie Soften betrugen 
15,000,000 2)odar§. 

£)ie S3ciide in 0t. £oui§ iiber ben SJttffiffippi ift 2,200 $u& lang unb 
rourbe non Cab3 mit einem ^oftenaufroanbe non $ 2 , 000,000 gebaut. 

$)ie §angebriide in Cincinnati iiber ben Dljio rourbe non Sloebling 
gebaut unb ift 2,252 gufc lang. 

C 3 fiiljren groei SMcfen iiber ben Niagara, eine non 895 unb bie 
anbere non 850 gufj 2ange. 




100 


The Industries. 


AMERICA’S FOREIGN COMMERCE IN 

1890. 

Merchandise carried in cars etc. 

$ H 5 , 335 ,982 

In American steam vessels 

124,734,691 

In American sailing vessels 

94,655,689 

In Foreign steam vessels 

1,267,645,150 

In Foreign sailing vessels 

149,061,181 

Not known 

1, 105,252 

Total 

$i> 75 8 > 537>945 

CONSUMPTION OF WINES, BEERS & DISTILLED LIQUORS. 

Gal. 

Domestic Spirits from fruit 

1 , 294,858 

All other .... 

77 , 802,403 

Imported spirits .... 

1, 5 * 5 ,817 

Total 

80,613,158 

Domestic Wines .... 

29,610,104 

Imported Wines .... 

4 , 534,373 

Total 

34,144,477 

Domestic Beers .... 

777,420,207 

Imported Beers .... 

2,477,219 

Total 

779 , 897,426 

Total consumption of all liquors etc. 

894,655,061 

QUANTITIES OF GRAIN ETC. USED IN THE PRODUCTION 


OF LIQUORS. 


Malt 

Wheat 

Barley 

Rye 

Corn 

Oats 

Mill feed . 
Molasses . 
Other Materials 


Bushels 2,242,214 
“ 48,279 

“ 21,589 

3 , 259 , 9*7 
“ 15,319,862 

“ 23,632 

“ 73,589 

Gals. 1,951,104 
Bushels 1,842 


Total Bushels - 20,990,924 

Total Gallons - 1,951,104 

Number of Persons engaged in the manufacture and 
sale of Liquors (4,349 Destilleries and 1,964 
Breweries) .... . 181,802 













2) i e ^nbuftrieen. 


101 


5lmerifa’$ aullaubifdjer §anbct in 1890. 


•JBaarenoerfanbt gu 2anb 
3n amerifanifdjen SDampfern 
§n amerifcmi[d)en ©egelfd)iffen 
au^ldnbifdjen ©ampfern 
§n auSldnbifdjen ©egelfdjiffen 
Unbefannt s s 


©efammtbeirag 


$ 115,335,982 
124,734,691 
94,655,689 
1,267,645,150 
149,061,181 
7,105,252 

$1,758,537,945 


©crbraud) toon SBeitt, ©ter unb beftiflirten Ciquiiren. 


grud)tfdjnap§ s 5 5 

. 

©aftonen. 

1,294,858 

Sfle iibrigen beftiUirte ©pirituofen = 


77,802,403 

Smportirte Siquore s = s 


1,515,817 

©efammtbetrag 

5 

80,613,158 

©infjeimtfdje 9Betnc s = s 

5 

29,610,104 

^mportirte ©Seine s = 

S 

4 534,373 

©efammtbetrag 

5 

34,144,477 

©infyetmtfdje ©iere * * s 

S 

777,420,207 

Smportirte ©tere s = 

5 

2,477,219 

©efammtbetrag 

S 

779,897,426 

©efantmtoerbraudj after ©pirituofen s 

= 

894,655,061 

Cuantitdt toon ©etreibc unb bergteidjen toerbraudjt bet ber gerftcftung 

ber ©pirituofen. 

mak. 5 

©ufljelS 

2,242,214 

©Seigen * * 5 

,, 

48,279 

©erfte ? = * 

tf 

21.589 

9toggen 

,, 

3,259,917 

gjtai* * 

n 

15,319,862 

£ufcr s s s 

,, 

23,632 

©liil)lenfutter s s * 

,, 

73,589 

©prup * 5 

©aftonen 1,951,104 

2lnbere3 Material * * = 

©ufljelS 

1,842 

©efammt=©ufl)el3 

5 

20,990,924 

©ejammt=©aftonen 


1,951,104 


m mu VU 

geifttgen ©etranfen befdjaftigten Seute (4,349 $)eftillerien 
unb 1,964 ©rauereien) 5 s s 


181,802 







102 


The Industries. 


REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES OF THE UNITED STATES 


IN 1890. 


Revenues 

$3.85,000,000 

Expenditures 

. 293,000,000 

The amount of the public debt including interest for 1889. 

Outstanding principal 

$640,673,340.23 

Interest 

10,728,551.33 

Cash in Treasury 

643,113,172.00 

Debt less cash in the Treasury 

1,008,288,719.55 


NUMBER OF IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED STATES 


IN 1890. 

Germany - - - - - 92,427 

Great Britain - 69,730 

Ireland ----- 53,023 

Italy ----- 52,003 

Russia - - - - - 46,671 

Sweden and Norway - - - - 41,002 

Austria ..... 34,137 

Hungary 22,092 

Denmark - - - - - 9,366 

Switzerland ----- 6,993 

France - - - - - 6,585 

Netherlands - - - - - 4,326 

Belgium - - - - - 2,716 

China - 1,716 

All other countries - 12,589 


Total - 455 > 3 ° 2 


Pensions. 

The total disbursements for pensions were since July 1861, 
$1,052,218,413.17 and in 1889, there were $89,131,968.44. 

Tl^e number of pensioners on the roll are 489,725 ; — 373,699 
invalids and 116,026 widows. 

The total number of applications for pensions filed is 1,248,146, 
of which a great number has been granted since to survivors and widows 
of the war with Mexico, the war of 1812 and the war of the rebellion. 




$ i c 3 n b u ft r i e c n. 


103 


dinfiinftc unb togakit ber SBcrcinigtcn Staatcn trn Safjrc 1890. 


Ginfiinfte * * $385,000,000 

SluSgaben * * 293,000,000 


®er 33etrag ber ©taatsfdjulb, inclufire ber gntereffen fiir 1889 : 
SfeftefyenbeS Capital = s = $ 640,673,340.23 

Sntereffen 5 10,728,551.33 

23aare$ G5elb in ber ©dfja^fammer s s 643,113,172.00 

®ie ©djulb nadjj 2 lbgug be3 baaren ©elbe§ in ber 

©d)a$fammer * * 5 1,008,288,719.55 


Safjl ber G-tnttmubcrcr in bie ©crcimgtcn Staatcn im Jaljrc 1890. 

3)eutfcf)Ianb s 

©rofebritannien s 

= 

s 



5 

92,427 

69,730 

$>rlanb s 

JJtalien = = 

5 

s 

, 

, 

s 

53,023 

52,003 

Stufclanb 

©cfjroeben unb ^orroegen 

5 

5 

s 

, 

s 

46,671 

41,002 

Defterreidf) * 

Ungarn = = 

s 

5 

s 

j. 

s 

34,137 

22,092 

®dnemarf s 

©djmeig = s 

' 

5 

s 

, 

s 

9,366 

6,993 

granfreidfj * 

9 iieberlanbe = = 

5 

s 

c 

, 

5 

6,585 

4,326 

SBelgien = 

Gfjina * s 

s 

s 

s 

s 

5 

2.716 

1.716 

StCCe iibrigen Sanber 

5 

= 

5 


' 

12,589 


©efammtgaljl * 455,302 


ycitftcmcu. 

$)ie £otaIau§gabe fiir ^enfionen betrug feit 3 uli 1861, 
$1,052,218,413.17 unb in 1889 $89,131,968.44. 

SDte 3ctf)i ber ^penfionbeaiefyenben betragt 489,725; — 373,699 
^nualiben unb 116,026 SSittroen. 

&ie ©efammtgafjl ber fiir ^enfion regiftririen 2 Tppticationen betrug 
1,248,146, non benen feitbem eine grofte 2tngaf)l an Ueberlebenbe unb 
SBittroen in golge be§ mit 3Jte^i!o, be3 $riege§ uon 1812 unb be§ 

9tebe(lion3fricge3 beraiUigt nmrben. 



104 


The Industries. 


Patents. 

The patent system was introduced in the United States in 1790. 
The first patent was issued to Samuel Hopkins, July 31, 1790, for 
making pot and pearl ashes. Long before however, the colonies had 
granted patents for inventions, an idea which the Pilgrims brought over 
from England, where the patent system originated. 

The number of patents granted in 1890 was 26,292 and that of 
applications 41,048. 

A fire destroyed all the models and the patent-office building in 
1836, and over 87,000 models were consumed by an other fire in 1877. 

This great institution for promotion of science and art has been a 
great factor in developing American genius. America may justly be 
called : ‘ ‘ The Land of Inventors. ’ ’ 


Signal Service of tire United States. 

One of the best institutions in the United States is the signal 
service. There are signal stations throughout the land, where 
meteorological observations are made. At any hour of the day or night 
the signal office at Washington can call and receive reports from those 
stations. Three times a day the exact condition of the atmosphere is 
set down and telegraphed to Washington. Thus the signal office is 
prepared to make predictions of the weather. Their forecasts are 
telegraphed to all parts of the country where they are printed in the 
newspapers and given out in bulletins and, as they cover twenty-four 
hours and often hold good even longer than that, they are not only of 
the greatest value to the farmer but have proven an effective means to 
protect life and property, endangered by storms on the sea. 

The percentage of verifications varies between 75 and 90. 


$ie ^nbuftrieen. 


105 


3 Qatente* 

£)a§ ^atentfpftem rourbe im !gaf)re 1790 in ben SSereinigten Staaten 
eingefiifjrt. SDag erfte patent erfyielt ein geroiffer Samuel §opfing am 
31. 1790 fiir bie gubereitung pon Stopf= unb ^Jkrlenafdfje. Sdfjon 

lange corner fatten bie (Solonien ^atente fiir Csrfinbungen gerodfjrt, eine 
Sbee, bie pon ben ^ilgrimen non (gnglanb, mo bag ^atentfpftem fyerriiljrt, 
mit Ijeriibergebradfjt morben roar. 

2)te 3a^l ber im 1890 auggegebenen ^Satente betrug 26,292, 
bie ber eingegangenen ©efudfje 41,048. 

@in geuer gerftorte in 1836 alle ^ftobelle fammt bem $atentamt= 
gebaube unb iiber 87,000 9flobeHe rourben abermaig in 1877 burdf) geuer 
gerftort. 

SDiefe portrefflicfje ©inridfdung gur gbrberung ber 2Biffenfdfjaft unb 
$unft ift ein grower gactor fiir bie ©ntroidelung amerifanifdjjen talents 
geroefen. SDlit Sftedfjt barf Slmerifa „bag Sanb ber @rfinber" genannt 
roerben. 


Qev gtinmtlMettJl iit l>ett tyevexnigXexx 
Sttaaten. 

SDer Signalbienft ift eine ber beften @inricf)tungen in ben SSereinigten 
Staaten. Ueberatt im Sanbe finb Signalftationen erricf)tet, roo meteoro* 
logifdfje 93eobacf)tungen gemacfjt roerben. 2luf jeber berfelben roirb breimal 
tdglidj ber gcnaue Stanb ber 2ltmofpl)dre aufgenommen unb an bag 
Signalamt in 2Bafl)ington telegrapljirt. Seigtereg, roeld)eg aufcerbem gu 
jeber beliebigen 3^it bei Stag roie bei 9?acf)t befonbere Seriate einforbern 
unb erfjalten lann, ift baburd) in ben Stanb gefe^t, bag mutljmajjlicfje 
^Better porauggufagen. SDiefe 23orf)erbeftimmungcn beg SBafljingtoner 
Signalamtg roerben nac^ alien £ljeilen beg Sanbeg telegrapljirt, roerben 
burd) bie 3^ tun 9 en kurdf) ^Bulletins unb Signalflaggcn gu jebermanng 
^enntnifc gebrad-t unb finb, ba fie fiir 24 Stunben, oft fogar fiir einen 
langeren 3 e ^ raum Qelten, nidf)t nur fiir bie garnter non grofgtem 
SKertfie, fonbern baben fidE) audj alg ein roirffameg Vittel erroiefen, um 
9Jlenfdf)enIeben unb (Sigentljum auf ber See nor ber brofjenben ©efaljr 
eineg fjerannaljenben Sturmeg gu fdfjii^en. 

2 )er $rogentfa|, in roeldfjem biefe 23oraugbeftimmungen burdf) bag 
eintreffenbe 2Better beftdtigt roerben, fdjroanft groifcfyen 75 unb 90. 


106 


The Industries. 


Farming. 

Farming in the old country can hardly be compared with that in 
the United States. While it must be conceded that in regard to im¬ 
proving the old worn-out soil, making it productive and thus realizing 
almost certain crops, the former is ahead, yet its mode of cultivating 
the ground, of harvesting the crops, and of threshing the grain, is still 
carried on in rather antique style. The scythe, the sickle, the plow, the 
flail, the winnowing shovel are still the same implements, which have 
been in use half a century ago, with the exception of those of larger 
farms. In the United States most of the work is done with appropriate 
machinery. Cultivators, fertilizers, drills, mowers, harvesting machines, 
selfbinding machines, and a large number of other machines are used 
throughout the land. 

The Government furnishes the farmer great aid by means of 
its experimental stations. 

The first agricultural experiment station was organized in 
Saxony, Germany, about 40 years ago, and the first in America was 
established at Middleton, Conn., in 1875. Since then such stations 
have been introduced in all the States. There are at present forty-six 
stations in the United States which employ over three hundred 
and seventy scientific specialists in the prosecution of experimental 
inquiry. . The United States Government appropriates $600,000 and 
the several States about $125,000 per year, for the support of these 
agricultural experimental stations in the United States. Although 
apparently large, this is surely a small sum, considering that 30,000,000 
of the people are directly dependent upon agriculture, that 7,500,000 
farm-workers find employment, and that 63,000,000 people consume 
the products of our farms, The farming lands, farm-implements, and 
live stock of the country value about $12,000,000,000, and the annual 
productions of our farms, $2,200,000,000. 

These stations make experiments in the laboratory, the green¬ 
house, the garden, the orchard, the field, the stable and the dairy. 


2 ) i e 3 n b u ft r i e e n. 


107 


£)cv gcmMmu. 

$>er Sanbbau im alten 93aterlanbe Idfet fidfj mit bent in ben 33ereinigten 
©taaten faum cergleicgen. mu 6 man gugeben, bag man bort in 

93egug auf bie 23erbefferung alien auSgenugten 23oben§ corauS ift; man 
cerftegt e§ benfelben ertragSfagig gu madden unb ergielt baburdg fic^ere 
(Srnten. 2lber bie 93earbeitung be3 23oben§, ba3 ©den unb (Srnten, ba§ 
®refcgen be§ ©etreibeg gefcgiegt geute nodg in altertgtimlicger SBeife unb bie 
©enfe, ©idgel, ber $flug, ber ©refcgflegel, bie 2Burffcgaufel unb gegerrtligle 
finb geute nocg biefelben ©eratgfcgaften, rcetdje nor einem galben 3 a? ) rs 
gunberte im ©ebraucg maren; nur grogere ©iiter madden bacon 
eine 2lu3nagme. $$n ben SSereinigten ©taaten roirb bie meifte Slrbeit 
mit fitcedmagigeren s 3Jtafd)inen oerricgtet. Gulticatorg, ©ungmafcginen, 
ber ©rill, SDldgmafdginen, Gsrntemafdjinen, ©elbftbinber unb eine Sflenge 
anberer 9Jtafcginen roerben im gan^en Sanbe gebraucgt. 

$ie 9tegieritng letfiet ben garment groge §iilfe burcg igre lanbmirtgs 
fc^aftlid^e ©tationen. 

©ie erfte Slnftalt biefer 2lrt murbe cor itngefagr 40 gagren in 
©adjfen, ©eutfd;lanb, gegrlinbet unb in Slmerif’a entftanb bie erfte in 9Jhbbs 
leton, Gonn., in 1875. ©eitbem finb in alien ©taaten berartige ©tationen 
in’3 Seben gerufen tcorben, unb gegenicartig belauft i£)re gagl ficg auf 
fecgsunbcier^ig, an tcelcgen liber 370 ©pejialiften mit miffenfcgaftlicgen 
Unterfucgungen unb SSerfucgen befdjaftigt finb. ©ie SSereinigten ©taaten 
Stegierung betcilligt $600,000 unb bie eingelnen ©taaten unoefagr 
$125,000 jagrltcg fur bie lanbrcirtgfcgaftlicgen 23erfucg3ftationcn. ©cgoint 
btefe ©umme uucg grog, fo ift fie in 2Birflicgfeit bocg gering, tcenn man 
bebenft, bag 30,000,000 -Utenfcgen bireft com 2lderbau abgangen, bag 
7,500,000 Slrbeiter barin 23efdjaftigung finben unb bag 63,000,000 
9 Jlertfcgen bie ^robufte unferer garmen confumiren. ©a3 garmlanb, bie 
lanbroirtgfcgaftlicgen ©eratge unb ber SBiegbefianb gat einen SBertg con 
12 ,000,000,000 unb bie jagrlicgen Grgeugniffe einen folcgen con 
2,200,000,000 Mars. 

©iefe ©tationen macgen ©sperimente im Saboratorium, im ©etodcgS* 
gaufe, im ©arten, im Dbftgarten, auf bem gelbe, im ©talle unt> im 
!0tild;n)efen. 


108 


The Industries. 


Most of these stations have not been established longer than a year. 
They are not all engaged in the same way. Some make it a specialty 
to study the nutrition of plants and grasses, and the feeding of animals; 
the quality and quantity of feed for fattening cattle and swine most 
advantageously; some are making experiments with fertilizers, in order 
to restore fertility to worn-out soil; others are studying the diseases of 
animals and plants, and their cure ; some are experimenting in sugar¬ 
making, wine-making, irrigation; some are making poultry raising 
and others the keeping of bees a specialty. 

Although these stations have not attained the high standard of 
those in Germany, yet a great deal of good has been accomplished. 


Another very important institution is pisciculture in the United 
States. Under the auspices of the fish commissioner the artificial 
cultivation of fish is carried on most extensively. Millions of eggs of 
the best kind of fish are collected and distributed annually for the seas 
and rivers of the United States. The salmon, the trout, the white fish 
and the shad are hatched in immense numbers. Several kinds of carp 
are propagated in Washington, under the supervision of Dr. R. Hessel, 
who has met with great success. 

Any possessor of a suitable pond in any part of the United States 
will, upon application, be furnished with a sufficient number of fish to 
stock his pond, free of charge. The Government has fitted out special 
cars and trains for the transportation of fish. 

The cultivation of oysters also receives great attention. 




'The Post-Office Department. 

The post-office department had in the year 1890 about 61,000 
offices. 






109 


2 )ie ^nbuftriecn. 

3)ic meiften biefer ©tationcn beftefjcn erft feit einem gaijre. ©ie 
befcijaftigcn fid) nid;t atfe mit benfetben ©egenftanben. (Sinige rnadjen e§ 
fid) gu ifjrer befonberen Stufgabe bie -ftafyrljaftigfeit ber ^flangsn unb 
G5rafer in 9tudficf)t auf bie SSie^flitterung gu unterfuriben unb bie Qualitat 
unb Quantitat be§ gum TOften non Stinbern unb ©dfjroeinen erforberlid^en 
gutter^ feftgufteften. inhere befd^dftigen fidfj mit ben ^ranfljeiten ber 
£f)tere unb ©eroad)fe unb mit ber §eilung berfelben ; anbere e^perimentiren 
mit ber gubereitung non 3 u ^cr, SSein, etc., mit fiinftlicfjer 23erodfferung; 
roieber anbere madden ©Eperimente in ber ©efttigel* unb 25ienengucf)t. 

2tn 33ebeutung fteljen biefe unfere ©tationen groar benen $>eutfd(jlanb3 
nocfj nadfj, aber e§ barf aucfj nic^t uerfannt roerben, baft fie fdjjon fefjr met 
©ute§ gemirft ftaben. 


©ine anbere ftbdfjft nridjtige ©inridfjtung ift bie gifdfjgudfjt in ben SSer. 
©taaten. Unter ben Slufpicien be§ gifcfycommiffdr^ mirb bie !linftlid)e 
gifdtjgudfjt auf ba§ 2tu3gebef)ntefte betrieben. Sftidionen non gifctjetern ber 
beften 2lrt raerben jaljrlidfj gefammelt unb in ben ©eeen unb gliiffen 
3Ser. ©taaten beponirt. S)er £actj$, bie gorede, ber SBeiftfifdf) unb bie 
SXIfe tnerben in ungefjeueren 3 a W en auSgebriitet. Stud) uerfcftiebene Strten 
non $arpfcn roerben in 2Baf()ington unter Stuffiest be§ §errn ®r. 9t. 
§effel geglicfttet, ber bamit groften ©rfolg ergielte. 

geber SBefifter eine§ geeigneten £eicf)e3 in irgenb einem £fjeile ber 
$8er. ©taaten erftatt auf §tad^fud^en eine angemeffene 3 a ^ son ^f^ en 
foftenfrei gugefeftidt, urn bamit feinen £eicf) gu beuolfern. $)ie Stegierung 
ftat eigen§ fur ben gifd£)tran§port ftergericfjtete ©ifenbafjnroaggong. 

2 tucfj ber 2tufterngudf)t roirb gebtiljrenbe SBeacfjtung gefdfjenft. 


« .}|==r» i. 3=dfo 


lias %}0ytanxt&-Qepavtentent. 

£)a3 $oftamtgi©epartement §atte im ^aftre 1890 ungefaljr 61,000 
^poftdmter. 




110 


The Industries. 


« 


\ 

The Mean Annual Temperature in. 
the United States. 

galjrltdjc bunfjftfjnittlMjc 2cm|jcratur in ben $ereimgten ©tauten. 

STATE. PLACE OF OBSERVATION. DEGREE. REAUMUR. 


© t a a t. 


$Beobadjtung§})unft. 

Grab. 


Alabama 


. 

Mobile 

• 

$afyretttyeit. 

66 

15-5 

Alaska 

- 

- 

Sitka 

♦ 

4 6 

6. 

Arizona 

- 

- 

Tuscon 

• 

69 

16.5 

Arkansas 

- 

- 

Little Rock . 

• 

63 

14. 

California 

- 

- 

San Francisco 

• 

55 

10.5 

Colorado 

- 

- 

Denver 

• 

43 

6 -5 

Connecticut 

- 

- 

Hartford 

♦ 

50 

8. 

Dakota 

- 

- 

Bis mark 

• 

47 

6. 

Delaware 

- 

- 

Wilmington . 

• 

53 

9-5 

District of Columbia 

Washington . 

• 

55 

IO -5 

Florida 

- 

- 

Jacksonville . 

• 

69 

16.5 

Georgia 

- 

- 

Atlanta 

• 

5S 

“•5 

Idaho 

- 

- 

Boise-City 

• 

52 

9- 

Illinois 

- 

- 

Springfield 

• 

5o 

8. 

Indiana 

- 

- 

Indianapolis . 

♦ 

5i 

8-5 

Indian Territory 

- 

Fort Gibson . 

t 

60 

12.5 

Iowa 

- 

- 

Des Moines . 

• 

49 

7- 

Kansas 

- 

- 

Leavenworth . 

♦ 

5i 

8-5 

Kentucky 

- 

- 

Louisville 

• 

56 

11. 

Louisiana 

- 

- 

New Orleans . 

• 

69 

16.5 

Maine 

- 

- 

Augusta 

• 

45 

5-75 

Maryland 

- 

- 

Annapolis 


54 

10. 




$ i e ^nbuftrieen. 


Ill 


STATE. 

© t a a t. 

PLACE OF OBSERVATION. 
23eofcad)tung§l>unft. 

DEGREE. REAUMUR. 

& r a b. 

fta^renfyeit. 

Massachusetts 

- 

Boston 


48 

6-5 

Michigan 

- 

Detroit 


47 

6. 

Minnesota 

- 

St. Paul 


42 

4-5 

Mississippi 

- 

Jackson 


64 

14.5 

Missouri 

- 

St. Louis 


55 

10.5 

Montana 

- 

Helena 


43 

5- 

Nebraska 

- 

Omaha 


49 

7-5 

Nevada 

- 

Carson City . 


5o 

8. 

New Hampshire 

- 

Concord 


46 

6. 

New Jersey : 

- 

Trenton 


53 

9-5 

New Mexico - 

- 

Santa Fe 


5i 

8-5 

New York 

- 

Albany 


48 

6 -5 

North Carolina 

- 

Raleigh 


59 

12. 

Ohio 

- 

Columbus 


53 

9-5 

Oregon 

- 

Portland 


53 

9-5 

Pennsylvania . 


Harrisburg 


54 

10. 

Rhode Island 


Providence 


48 

6 -5 

South Carolina 


Columbia 


62 

13-5 

Tennessee 


Nashville 


58 

n-5 

Texas 


Austin 


67 

I 5-5 

Utah 


Salt Lake City 


52 

9. 

Vermont 


Montpelier 


43 

5- 

Virginia 


Richmond 


47 

6. 

Washington . 


Olympia 


5i 

8-5 

West Virginia 


Romney 


5 2 

9- 

Wisconsin 


Madison 


45 

5-75 

Wyoming. 


Fort Bridger . 


4i 

4- 






112 


Wages in the United States. 


Wages in the United States. 

Eight hours constitute a legal day’s work in New York, California, 
Connecticut, Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, in the mines of 
New Mexico. Labor on farms and contract labor is excepted. 

There exist numerous labor organizations, whose efforts, to improve 
the condition of laborers, have been very successful. 


PER WEEK. PER 

WEEK. 

2Inftreid)er, house-painter 

$12-18 2)ienftmabd)en, servant girl . 

2-5 

ot^efer, drug-clerk . 

15-20 ©ifengiefjer, iron-founder 

12-20 

Pfrbeiter, Sagelbfyner, laborer . 

9.12 barber, dyer .... 

10-18 

2luffefyer, foreman 

18-24 $(eifd)er, aftefcger, butcher 

6-25 

SBacfer, baker 

7-20 ©afbanobtaftifer, electrotyper 

12-18 

Saufcfyreiner, £au§fd)reiner, car 

©a§fd)[offer, gasfitter, plum- 


penter .... 

15-20 ber .... 

16-18 

23 fe$fd)tmeb, Sttempner, tin¬ 

©erber, tanner 

10-20 

smith .... 

12-18 ©faSbtafer, glass-blower 

11-18 

SBarbier, barber 

10-18 ©faSgrabeur, glass-engraver . 

14-20 

SBergmann, miner . 

15-24 ®ta§fd)neiber, glass-cutter . 

12-18 

Softener, cooper . 

12-16 ©ofbfcfynticb, goldsmith 

12-20 

SBrauer, brewer 

12-25 ©rabeur, engraver 

15-25 

23 ud)binber, bookbinder 

12-18 ©robfcfymieb, ©cfymieb, black- 


23 iid)fenmacber, gun-smith 

14-18 smith .... 

9-20 

93urftenbinber, brush-maker . 

12 16 ©iirtfer, beltmaker 

12-25 ' 

23 auf$toffer, bellhanger 

12-18 §au§fned)t, porter 

5-12 

@igarrenmad)er, cigar-maker. 

12-18 ^ofjfdjneiber, wood-engraver 

14-25 

©ommiS, clerk 

12-18 §uff$mteb, blacksmith 

13-15 

©onbitor, confectioner . 

10-20 £>utma<$er, hatter 

12-18 

©Ijemifer, chemist . 

15-20 $?abpenntac§er, cap-maker 

18-14 

SDadjbecfer, roofer, slater 

15-25 Kellner, waiter 

6-12 

®eforation§ma(er, decorative 

$affirer, cashier 

6-15 

painter .... 

12-24 $u£ferfc§mieb, coppersmith . 

8-14 

$)redj>§fer, turner . 

12-18 &unft[d)retner, cabinet-maker 

10-24 

Cruder, ©djriftfefcer, printer, 

5 tu£ferfted)er, engraver (on 


compositor 

12-20 copper) .... 

12-30 




SofyneinbenSer. <3 t a a t c n. 


113 


iHe gcrlute in i>en gitantim* 

3n fRero 9)orf, California, Connecticut, ^ennfpluania, im ©iftrift 
Columbia unb in ben 5Dftnen non 9?em 9Jle£ifo bilben adtjt 0tunben eine 
gefe£lid)e SageSarbeit. garm= unb Contraftarbeit ift baoon au3ge[d)loffen. 


C§ beftefjen galjlreidje 2lrbeiter=Drganifationen, beren Semufjungen, 
bie Sage ber Slrbeiter gu oerbeffern, fef;r erfolgretcf) geroefen finb. 


$er 2Bod)e. 

$er 2Bod)e. 

$urf$ner, furrier 

12-18 ^u^madjerin, milliner . 

. 

6-10 

jtutfctyer, coachman, driver . 

10-12 9teifenbe, commercial traveler 

12-30 

£ocb, cook .... 

10-35 ©djiefevbecfer, slater 


18-24 

5lbc[)tn, cook .... 

6-12 ©attler, saddler . 


12-18 

$Ueibermad)erin, dressmaker . 

6-16 ©djdbmaler, sign-painter 


18-24 

Sabenmabctyen, shop-girl 

5-10 ©djloffer, locksmith 


10-18 

Sitfyograpb/ lithographer 

12-24 ©cfyneiber, tailor . 


8-30 

Saufburfcbe, errand-boy 

2-5 ©djmieb, blacksmith 


13-15 

Safttrager, porter 

10-14 ©djreiner, joiner . 


12-18 

SDlaljcr, malster 

12-18 ©djubmadjer, shoemaker 


10-16 

2ttatrofe, sailor 

6-8 ©taUfnedjt, hostler 


6-15 

SJtafcfyinenfdjtoffer, machinist . 

10-18 ©tcinbauer, stone-cutter 


18-24 

2Jtafdunenbauer, mechanical 

©tettmadjer, 2Bagner, cart-wright 9-14 

engineer 

16-25 $opfer, potter 


8-16 

SJtaurer, bricklayer, mason . 

18-25 £iind)er, white-washer, house- 


SJtefferfcbmieb, cutler 

12-16 painter 


10-18 

9ftobetfmad)er, model-maker . 

14-20 Sapegierer, paper-hanger 


10-18 

2Jtublenbauer, millwright 

16-24 Ubrmacfcer, watchmaker 


12-25 

2Jtufifant, musician 

12-18 SSerfdufer, salesman 


6-25 

ajtufterjeicbner, designer 

16-18 33 erfauferin, saleslady . 


3-12 

SKa^erm, seamstress 

6-8 2Bafd)erin, laundress 


3-6 

SPflafterer, plasterer 

18-27 SBeber, weaver 


10-12 

^olirer, polisher . 

10-18 3tmntermann, carpenter 


18-25 

^Solfterer, upholsterer . 

12-18 3itf$neibcr, cutter 


20-35 

Spofamentirer, fringemaker . 

12-20 




r«> 4) 





114 


The United States. 


I 

■ 

Tlie United States. 

The United States is the largest and most important country in 
America. It is a republic and consists of 44 States, 4 Territories and 
one Federal District, occupying the central portion of North America, 
in latitude 25 0 —49 0 N. and longitude 67°—124 0 —30° W., between 
the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. 

Its area is 3,600,000 square miles and its population 62,622,250. 

The Government of the United States consists of an executive, a 
legislative and a judiciary authority. 

The executive power is vested in a President who holds office for 
four years. 

To be President of the United States or Vice-President, one must 
be a native citizen. Both are elected by “Electors,” who are chosen 
by the people. The Electors are equal in number to the Senators and 
Representatives in Congress. They meet on a certain day at their 
respective State Capitals and vote for a President by ballot. The 
votes are sent sealed to the President of the Senate, who opens 
them in the presence of Congress. If none of the candidates has a 
majority, the House of Representatives elects a President from the three 
highest on the list. 

The President is Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy. 
The Vice-President is President of the Senate. Should both be 
disabled to serve, the succession of the President is vested in the 
Cabinet, according to rank. 

The annual salary of the President is $50,000; that of the 
Vice-President $8,000. 

There are eight Cabinet-officers, who are appointed by the 
President. They receive $8,000 annually. 


© i e SBereinigten ©taatcn. 


115 


•Otc Qevexttigien gttaatmt. 

©ie SBereinigten ©taaten firtb bag grojgte unb bebeutenbfie £anb in 
Slmertfa. ©ie neljmen, t)om Sttlantifc^en big gum ©tillen Dgean fid^ 
erftrecfenb, ben mittleren ©fjeil 9iorbamerifag groifdjen bem 25. unb 49. 
9R. 23reitengrab unb bem 67. unb 124. SB. Sangengrabe ein unb bilben 
eine aug 44 ©taaten, 4 ©erritorien unb einem SBunbegbiftrift befteljenbe 
9tepublif. 

©er glddjeninljatt betrdgt 3,600,000 Quabratmeilen unb bie S3e* 
nolferung 62,622,250 ©eelen. 

©ie 9tegierung ber SSereinigten ©taaten befteljt aug einer nottgiefjenbeft, 
einer gefe^gebenben unb einer rioter lichen ©eroalt. 

©ie nollgieljenbe ©eroalt befleibet ein $rafibent, roeldjer fein 2lmt 
t)ier ^al;re nerroattet. 

^rafibent ober SSice^rafibent ber SSereinigten ©taaten !ann nur ein 
im Sanbe geborener Siirger roerben. 33eibe roerben non (Sleftoren unb 
biefe nom SSoIfe gerodfjlt. ©ie ber @Ie!toren ift berjenigen ber 
©enatoren unb 3teprafentanten im Gongreffe gleidj. ©ie nerfammeln fief) 
an einem genriffm ©age im ©taatscapttol ifjrer refpeftinen ©iaaten, unb 
geben iljre ©timme fur einen ober anberen ber in ben oorauggegangenen 
9Rational=(Sonoentionen ernannten ^rafibentfc^aftgsSanbibaten burd; ^Bailor 
ab. ©ie ©timmen roerben oerfiegelt an ben ^rafibenlen beg ©enateg 
abgefdjidt, roeldjer biefelben in ©egenroart beg ©ongreffeg eroffnet. §at 
feiner ber Ganbibaten eine 5Refjrf)eit, fo roafylt bag SReprafentanten^aug ben 
^rafibenten aug ben brei f)od)ftfteIjenben auf ber Sifte. 

©er ^3rafibent ift Dberbefefytgfyaber ber 2lrmee unb ber SWarinc. 
©oUte ber ^Brdfibent mit ©ob abgeljen ober unfafyig roerben fein Stmt gu 
nerroalten, fo tritt ber SSice=$rafibent tn feme ©telle, unb faCCg aud; biefer 
nor Slblauf feineg Slmtgterming fterben ober bienftunfafjig roerben follte, fo 
roirb in ber non bem letjten Giongrejs feftgeftellten Stangorbnung einer ber 
SRinifter ^rafibent. 

©er ©efyalt beg ^rafibenten betragt $50,000 per 3>af)r, ber beg SSice* 
sjSrafibenten $8000. 

©ag SJiinifterium befteljt aug adjt SWiniftern, roeldje non bem ^rafi* 
benten ernannt roerben. ©ic begieljen ein ^a^resgebjalt non $8000. 


116 The United States. 

The legislative power is vested by the Constitution in a Congress, 
consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate, 
which is composed of two members from each State, is chosen by the 
State Legislatures for six years. The House of Representatives is 
composed of members, who are elected by popular vote for two years. 
The number of Representatives is determined by the census taken every 
ten years. 

According to the census of 1880 every 151,912 votes was entitled 
to one member and according to the last (1890) 173,901. 

Senators must be at least thirty years of age and members of the 
House twenty-five years and citizens of the State they represent. 

The annual salary of Senators and Representatives is $5000. 

Each State has its own constitution and legislature. 

The Judiciary power of the United States consists of the Supreme, 
the Circuit and the District Courts. 

The Supreme Court, which sits at Washington, is composed of 
nine judges, a Chief-Justice, and eight Associate-Justices. The former 
receives $10,500 and the salary of the latter is $10,000 annually. They 
are appointed by the President. 

The Departments of the Government are: The Department 
of State, Treasury, War, Navy, the Interior, Post-Office and 
Agriculture, the Attorney General, the Department of Labor, the 
Interstate Commerce-Commission and the Civil Service Commission. 

THE PRESENT GOVERNMENT. 

President: Benjamin Harrison, of Indiana. 

Vice-President: Levi P. Morton, of New York. 

THE CABINET. 

Secretary of State: James G. Blaine, of Maine. 

“ “ the Treasury: Charles Foster, of Ohio. 

“ “War: Redfield Proctor, of Vermont. 

“ “ the Navy: Benjamin F. Tracy, of New York. 

“ “ the Interior : John W. Noble, of Missouri. 

“ “ Agriculture: Jeremiah M. Rusk, of Wisconsin. 

Postmaster General: John Wanamaker, of Pennsylvania. 

Attorney Ceneral: W. H. H. Miller, of Indiana. 


0 i e SSereinigten ©taaten. 


117 


SDie gefe^gebenbe ©etnalt ift burcf) bie Gonftituiion einem ©mgtcjj 
iibertragen, ber au3 einem ©enat unb einem Steprdfentantenljaufe beftefjt. 
2)er ©enat, in tnelcfyem jeber ©taai burd) je gtnei 9Ritglieber nerireten ift, 
tnirb non ben ©taatstegislaturen auf bie ©auer non fedjg Safjren getnafjlt. 
©ie SRitglieber be§ 9tepriifentantenf)aufe3 tnerben auf bie ®auer non 
gtnei ^aljren bireft nom S3oIfe gercd^It. 3$re 3 a W roirb nac ^ ber GenfuS* 
aufnafjme able j$e£)n ^afjre beftimmt. 

Stad) bem Genfu3 non 1880 rnaren je 151,912 ©timmen berecfyiigt, 
einen 2l6georbneten gu radljlen unb nad; bem lenten (1890; je 173,901. 

2)ie ©enatoren mliffen roenigften§ breiftig !Jaf)re, bie Steprdfentanten 
funfunbjman^ig 3 a f) re <*lt unb S3fitgcr ber ©taaten fein, bie fie nertretcn. 

©er jdf;rlid^c ©eljatt ber ©enatoren unb ber 9teprdfentanten betragt 
$5000. 

3eber ©taat l;at feine eigene Gonftitution unb Segislatur. 

2)ie ridjterlidje ©etnalt in ben Sereinigten ©taaten liegt in ben 
§anben eine3 0berbunbe§gerid)t3, ber 33unbe§ = $rei3gerid)te unb ber 
5Be3irf3gerid)te. 

'T'aS DbersS3unbe§gericf)t, tneld)e3 feinen ©i£ in SBaffjington l)at, 
beftd)t au§ neun $Ricf)tern, einem ^rafibenten unb ad^t 53eifit}ern. ©rfterer 
evljalt $10,500, bie le^teren befommen $10,000 jafjrlid)en ©ef)alt. ©ie 
raerben non bem ^rafibenten ernannt. 

2)ie SDepartement§ ber Siegierung finb folgenbe: 3)a3 ©taat§= 
bepartement, bas ©djja^amt, ba$ $rieg§bepartement, ba§ 9Rarinebeparte= 
ment, ba§ ©epartement be§ gnnern, bag -poftbepartement unb bag 2td’er= 
baubepartement, bag Slrbeitgbepartement, bie jmifd^enftaatlid^e SSerfetjrg* 
©ommiffion ttrb bie @inilbienft=Gommiffion. 

2) i e gegenroartige Stegierung. 

$rafibeni: benjamin §arrifon non S^biana. 

33ice=$rdfibent: Seni Norton non Stem $orf. 

®a§ SR i n i ft e r i u m. 

©taatgfefretar : 3 ame§ ©• S3Iainc non SRaine. 

©cf)a£amtgfefretar : Gfjarleg gofter non Df)io. 

Slrieggfefretar: Stebfielb proctor non Vermont. 

SRarinefefretar : benjamin fj. £racp non Stern 9)crt. 

©efretar beg gnnern : 3>oI)n SB. Stoble non SRiffouri. 
Stcferbaufefretar : Seremialj SR. Stugf non SBigconftn. 
©eneralpoftmeifter : 3of)n SBannamafer non $ennfptnanien. 
©eneralftaatgamnalt: SB. £. ©. SRiCer non ^nbiana. 


118 


The United States. 


SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Chief-Justice : M. W. Fuller. 

Associate Justices : S. J. Field, J. P. Bradley, J. M. Harlan, II. Gray, 
S. Blatchford, L. Q. C. Lamar, D. J. Brewer, Mr. Brown. 

THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 

The United States Regular Army consists of 25,000 enlisted men 
and 2183 officers. There are 25 regiments of infantry, 10 of cavalry, 
5 of artillery and one batallion of engineers. 

The Army consists of three divisions : the Division of the Missouri, 
the Division of the Atlantic and the Division of the Pacific Ocean. 
General John M. Schofield is commander of the troops. 

The militia of the United States consists of 9,000,000 men in case 
of necessity, all able-bodied men of the age of 18 and under 45 being 
compelled to serve, if called upon. The present militia of the States 
numbers 100,000. 

The military academy of the United States is at West Point, N. Y. 

TPIE UNITED STATES NAVY. 

The United States Navy consists of one Admiral and 1330 officers, 
of whom 1000 are in actual service ; of 1000 sailors and minor officers 
and the marine troops of 2000 men. 

There are 10 navy-yards. The naval academy is in Annapolis, Md. 

Cadets of the military and naval academies are appointed by the 
representatives of Congress and by the President. They are obliged to 
serve 8 years, including the 4 years in the academy. The cadets of 
the military academy draw $540 and those of the naval academy $500 
salary annually. 

Salaries of officers: general $13,500; lieutenant-general* $11,000; 
major-generals $7,500; brigadier-generals $5,500; lieutenant-colonels 
$3,ooo; majors $2,500; captains (cav.) $2000; captains $1000; 
adjutants $1,800 ; lieutenants $1,500 and $1,400. 

Admiral $13,000; vice-admiral; $9,000; rear-admirals, $6,000; 
commodores $5,000; captains $4,500; commanders $3,500; lieutenant- 
commanders $2,800; lieutenants $2,400; masters $1,800; ensigns 
$1,200 etc. 


2) i e SSexeinigtcn 6 t a a t e n. 


119 


D&erfter ©eridjtsljof ber 33 e r. 6 t a a t e n. 

Dberridjter : 9ft. 28. gutter. 

fRid^ter: ©. 3. gielb, 3 . 33. tablet;, 3 . 9ft. §artan, §. ©rap, 
©. 33latd)forb, 2. Q. ©. Samar, D. 3- 33reraer, ©. 33roum. 

Die 33 e r. ©taaten 31 r m e e. 

Die 3Sereinigten ©taaten 2lrmee Befte^t au3 25,000 angeroorbenen 
©olbaten unb 2,183 Dffigieren. ©3 gibt 25 3nfanteries, 10 ©aoatterie=, 
5 3irtitterie=9tegimcnter unb ein 33atattion 3^9^nieure. 

Diefe finb in brei Dimfionen eingetbeilt: bie Ditnfion be§ 9ftiffouri, 
bie be3 2lt(antifd;en unb bie be§ ©titten Dgean3. ©eneral 3°!) n 5ft. 
©d)ofielb ift ber I;od)ftcommanbirenbe ©eneral. 

Die 9ftilt3 ber 33ereinigteu ©taaten beftel)t im 9totljfatt auS 9,000,000 
9ftann, ba alsbann atte maffenfaljigen 9ftanner non 18 bis 45 3afjten gum 
$rieg§bienft uerpflid;tet finb. ©egenroartig beftefjt bie 9ftilig au3 100,000 
9ft ann. 

Die 9ftilitar=3lfabemie ber SSereinigten ©taaten befinbet fid) in 
aSeft ffoint, 9t. 9 . 

Die 33 e r. ©taaten glotte. 

Die 33ereinigten ©taaten glotte, an beren ©pi£e ein Stbmiral ftefyt, 
gdljlt 1,330, mooon 1000 im Dienft finb, 1000 9ftatrofen unb Unteroffigieren 
unb 2000 9ftarinetruppen. 

©5 gibt 10 ©d)iff3baul;ofe. Die 9ftarine=»2lfabemie befinbet fid; in 
SCnnapoIiS, 9ftb. 

Die ©abetten ber 9ftilitars unb ber 9ftarine=2lfabemien raerben non 
ben 5teprdfentanten unb 00 m $rafibenten ernannt. ©ie finb uerpflidjtet 
8 3afjre, bie 4 3 a ^6 auf ber 3lfabemie miteingered;net, gu bienen. Die 
©abetten ber 9ftilitar=2lfabemie begiefjen $540, bie ber 9ftarines2lfabemie 
$500 jaljvlid)en ©olb. 

Die DffigierSgefjalter finb folgenberma^en abgeftuft: ©eneral, 
$13,500 ; ©eneraBSieutenant, $11,000 ; ©eneral=9ftajor, $7,500 ; 
33rigabe=©eneral, $5,500 ; Dberft, $3,500 ; Dberft=Sieutenant, $3,000 ; 
9ftajor, $2,500 ; §auptmann (©anatt.), $2,000 ; Hauptmann, $1,800. 
2lbjutant, $1,800 ; lieutenant, $1,500 unb $1,400. 

2lbmiral, $13,000 ; 33ice=2lbmiral, $9,000; ©ontre=3lbmiral, $6000; 
©cmmobore, $5,000 ; Stapitan, $4,500 ; ©ommanbeur, $3,500 ; Corns 
manbeursSieutenant, $2,800; Sieutenant, $2,400; ©d)ipunterlieutenant, 
$1,800; gdfinrid), $1,200. 


120 


Vessels of the U. S. Navy. 


j 


The Vessels of tlie U. S. Navy. 

2>ic Sifjtffc bcr $erctmgtcn Stoatcn gfotfc. 

GUNS DIS- 

NAME. TYPE. HULL. PROPUL- RIG. (MAIN PLACE- 

SION. BAT- MENT. 

tery). (tons). 


UNARMORED 

Chicago Partially protected Steel Twin Bark 14 4,500 



cruiser 


screws 



Baltimore 

Protected cruiser 

do 

do 

Two 

military 

masts 

10 

4,400 

Philadelphia 

do 

do 

do 

3-mast 

schooner 

12 

4 ? 3 2 4 

Newark 

do 

do 

do 

Bark 

12 

4,083 

San Francisco 

do 

do 

do 

3-mast 
sch’ner 

12 

4,083 

ARMORED. 

Maine 

Cruiser 

do 

do 

3-mast 
sch’ner 

10 

6,648 

Texas 

Battle ship 

do 

do 

Two 

military 

masts 

8 

6,300 

UNARMORED. 

Charleston 

Protected cruiser 

do 

do 

Two 

military 

masts 

8 

3,730 

Lancaster 

Cruiser 

Wood 

Screw Ship 

10 

3,250 

Pensacola 

do 

do 

do 

do 

16 

3 ,ooo 

Atlanta 

Partially protected 
cruiser 

Steel 

do 

Brig 

8 

3 ,ooo 

Boston 

do 

do 

do 

do 

8 

3,000 

Hartford 

Cruiser 

Wood 

do 

Ship 

14 

2,900 

Richmond 

do 

do 

do 

do 

14 

2,700 

Omaha 

do 

do 

do 

Bark 

12 

2,400 


Vessels of the U. S. Navy. 


121 


GUNS DIS- 


NAME. 

TYPE. 

HULL. 

PROPUL- RIG. 

SION. 

(MAIN PLACE- 
BAT- MENT. 

tery.)(tons). 

ARMORED. 

Puritan 

Double-turret 

monitor 

Iron 

Twin 

screws 

One 

military 

mast 

4 

6,o6o 

Amphitrite 

do 

do 

do 

do 

4 

3 > 99 ° 

Miantonomoh 

do 

do 

do 

do 

4 

3 > 99 ° 

Monadnock 

do 

do 

do 

do 

4 

3,990 

Terror 

do 

do 

do 

do 

4 

3,990 

Ajax 

Single-turret 

monitor 

do 

Screw 


2 

2,100 

Canonicus 

do 

do 

do 


2 

2,100 

Mahopac 

do 

do 

Twin 

screws 


2 

2,100 

Manhattan 

do 

do 

do 


2 

2,100 

Wyandotte 

do 

do 

do 


2 

2,100 

Camanche 

do 

do 

do 


2 

1,87s 

Catskill 

do 

do 

do 


2 

1,87s 

Jason 

do 

do 

do 


2 

1,87s 

Lehigh 

do 

do 

do 


2 

1,875 

Montauk 

do 

do 

do 


2 

1,87s 

Nantucket 

do 

do 

do 


2 

1,87s 

Passaic 

do 

do 

do 


2 

1,875 

UNARMORED. 

Swatara 

Cruiser 

Wood 

Screw 

Bark 

8 

1,900 

Galena 

do 

do 

do 

do 

8 

1,900 

Marion 

do 

do 

do 

do 

8 

1,900 

Mohican 

do 

do 

do 

do 

8 

1,900 

Yorktown 

do 

Steel 

Twin 

screws 

3-mast 
sch’ ner 

6 

1,703 

Concord 

do 

do 

do 

do 

6 

1,703 

Bennington 

do 

do 

do 

do 

6 

1,703 

Iroquois 

do 

Wood 

Screw 

Bark 

7 

L 575 

Kearsarge 

do 

do 

do 

do 

7 

i, 55 o 

Dolphin 

do 

Steel 

do 

3-mast 
sch’ner 

i 

1,500 


m 


Vessels of the U. S. Navy. 


GUNS DIS. 


NAME. 

TYPE. 

HULL. 

PROPUL¬ 

- RIG. 

(main 

place¬ 




SION. 


BAT- 

ment. 






tery.)(tons). 

Adams 

Cruiser 

Wood 

Screw 

Bark 

6 

L 375 

Alliance 

do 

do 

do 

do 

6 

L 375 

Essex 

do 

do 

do 

do 

6 

L 375 

Enterprise 

do 

do 

do 

do 

6 

L 375 

Nipsic 

do 

do 

* do 

do 

6 

L 375 

Monocacy 

do 

Iron 

Paddle Sell’ ner 

6 

L 37 ° 

Tallapoosa 

do 

Wood 

do 

do 

6 

1,270 

Thetis 

do 

do 

Screw Barken- 

2 

1,250 





tine 



Intrepid 

do 

Iron 




1,15° 

Alert 

do 

do 

do 

Bark 

4 

1,020 

Ranger 

do 

do 

do 

do 

i 

1,020 

Yantic 

do 

do 

do 

do 

4 

900 

ARMORED. 







Alarm 

Torpedo ram 

do Mallory 


i 

800 

UNARMORED. 


propeller 




Petrel 

Cruiser 

Steel 

Screw Barken- 

4 

885 





tine 



Vesuvius 

Dynamite-gun 

do 

Twin 


3 

725 


vessel 


screws 




Michigan 

Cruiser 

Iron 

Paddle Barken- 

4 

685 





tine 


560 

Despatch 

Despatch vessel 

Wood 

Screw Sch’ner 



Pinta 

Gunboat 

Iron 

do 

do 

4 

55 ° 

Palos 

do 

do 

do 

do 

7 

420 

TORPEDO BOATS. 







Stiletto 

Torpedo boat 

Wood 

Single 



31 




screw 




Cushing 

do 

Steel 

Twin 


3 

116 




screw 





TUGS. 





Catalpa 

Tug 

Wood 

Screw Sch’ner 


3 °° 

Cohasset 

do 

do 

do 

None 


188 

Fortune 

do 

Iron 

do Sch’ner 


45 ° 

Leyden 

do 

do 

do 

do 


45 ° 


Vessels of the U. S. N a v y. 


123 


guns Dis¬ 


NAME. 

TYPE. 

HULL. 

PROPUL- RIG. (MAIN 

PLACE¬ 




SION. 


BAT- 

MENT. 





tery.)(tons). 

Mayflower 

Tug 

Iron 

Screw Sch’ner 


45 ° 

Ivy 

do 

Wood 

do 

None 


229 

Nellie 

do 

do 

do 

do 


3 2 

Nina 

do 

Iron 

do 

Sch’ner 


357 

Rocket 

do 

Wood 

do 

None 


i 37 

Standish 

do 

Iron 

do 

Sch’ner 

2 

45 ° 

Triana 

do 

do 

do 

do 


45 ° 

Triton 

do 

do 

do 

None 


212 


SAILING VESSELS. 




New Hampshire 


Wood 

Sails 

Ship 

8 

4 > I 5 ° 

Vermont 


do 

do Dismant- 

i 

4 ,15° 





led 



Independence 


do 

do 

do 

7 

3 > 2 7 ° 

Constitution 


do 

do 

do 

4 

2,200 

Monongahela 


do 

do 

Bark 

2 

2,100 

Constellation 


do 

do 

Ship 

IO 

1,186 

Jamestown 


do 

do 

do 

12 

1,150 

Portsmouth 


do 

do 

do 

12 

1,125 

Saratoga 


do 

do 

do 

12 

1,025 

St. Mary’s 


do 

do 

do 

8 

1,025 

St. Louis 


do 

do 

do 


830 

Dale 


do 

do 

Dismant¬ 


675 





led 



VESSELS BUILDING FOR THE U. S. NAVY. 


ARMORED. 







Indiana Steel belted cruiser Steel 

Twin 

One 

16 

10,200 




screws 

military 







mast 



Massachusetts 

do 

do 

do 

do 

16 

10,200 

Oregon 

do 

do 

do 

do 

16 

10,200 

New York 

Armored steel 

do 

do 

Two 

14 

8,150 


cruiser 



military 




mast 


124 


Vessels of the U. S. Navy. 


GUNS DIS- 


NAME. 

TYPE. 

HULL. PROPUL¬ 

RIG. (MAIN 

PLACE¬ 



SION. 

BAT- 

MENT. 


tery.)(tons.) 


Monterey 

Steel low free board 
barbette-turret 
coast defense 

Steel 

Twin One 4 

Screw military 
mast 

4,048 

Harbor Defense 


do 

do 

None 

2,050 

Ram 

UNARMORED. 

No. 12 

Protected cruiser 

do 

Triple 

screws 

Two 15 
masted 
sch’ner 

7,400 

No. 6 

do 

do 

Twin 

screws 

do 14 

with 
military 
tops 

5 > 5 °° 

Cincinnati 

do 

do 

do 

Two 11 
military 
masts 

3.183 

Raleigh 

do 

do 

do 

do 11 

3.183 

No. 9 

Cruiser 

do 

do 

Two 10 
masted 
sch’ner 

2,000 

No. io 

do 

do 

do 

do 10 

2,000 

No. n 

do 

do 

do 

do 10 

2,000 

GUNBOATS. 

No. 5 

Gunboat 

do 

do 

Two 8 

masted 
sch’ner 

I > 5 °° 

No. 6 

do 

do 

do 

do 8 

1,050 

SPECIAL CLASS, 

Practice cruiser 

Cruiser for naval 
cadets 

do 

do 

Barken- 4 
tine 

838 

TUGS. 

No. i 

do 

do 

do 

do 

I92.4 

No. 2 

do 

do 

do 

do 

I92.4 

No. 3 

do 

do 

do 

do 

I92.4 



Vessels of the U. S. Navy. 125 

Grflanutgnt cinigcr in flbigcr 2akflc gckaurfjtcn 9lusbritifc. 

Hull, SRumpf. 

Propulsion, gortberoegung. 

Rig, Waft unb ©egsl. 

Guns, $anonen. 

Battery, SBatterie. 

Displacement, Replacement, Ronnen. 

Unarmored, ungepan^ert. 

Partially protected Cruiser, tljeilroeife gefdf)ut3ter $reu§er. 

Steel, ©tat)I. 

Twin screws, Roppelfdjrauben. 

Bark, SBarfe. 

Masts, Wafte. 

Protected, gefdjiitjt. 

Battle ship, ©d)lad)tfcbtff. 

Screw, ©djraube. 

Double-turret monitor, aroeitfjurmtger Monitor. 

Wood, §013. 

Single-turret monitor, eintfjurmiger Monitor. 

Apprentice training-ship, ©cf)ulfc§iff. 

Paddle, Sftuber. 


William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia, Pa. ; the Union Iron 
Works, San Francisco, Cal. ; the Bath Iron Works, Bath, Me. ; the 
Navy-Yard, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; the Navy-Yard, Norfolk, Va. ; the 
Columbian Iron Works, Baltimore, Md. ; the City Point Works, 
Boston, Mass. ; Moore & Sons, Elizabethport, N. J., are building these 
vessels. 


126 


Fiftysecond Congress. 


'The Kift^Second Congress. 

$cr Stueiunbfimfjigftc Gottgrefc. 

SENATE (Sen at). 

President (SSorfi^er) : Levi P. Morton, Vice President of the U. States. 
SENATORS (©enatoren). 

MAINE. 


ALABAMA. 

John T. Morgan, D. 
James L. Pugh, D. 

ARKANSAS. 
James H. Berry, D. 
James K. Jones, D. 

CALIFORNIA. 
George Hearst, D. 
Leland Stanford, R. 

COLORADO. 
Edward O. Wolcott, R. 
Henry M. Teller, R. 

CONNECTICUT. 
Joseph R. Hawley, R. 
Orville H. Platt, R. 

DELAWARE 
George Gray, D. 
Anthony Higgins, R. 

FLORIDA. 
Samuel Pascoj D. 

W. Call, D. 

GEORGIA. 
Alfred H. Colquitt, D. 
John B. Gordon, D. 

IDAHO. 

George L. Shoup, R. 
Fred T. Dubois, R. 

ILLINOIS. 

Shelby M. Cullom, R. 
John M. Palmer, D. 


Eugene Hale, R. 
William P. Frye, R. 

MARYLAND. 
Arthur P. Gorman, D. 
Ephraim K. Wilson, D. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
Henry L. Dawes, R. 
George F. Hoar, R. 

MICHIGAN. 

F. B. Stockbridge, R. 
James McMillan, R. 

MINNESOTA. 
Cushman K. Davis, R. 
W. D. Washburn, R. 

MISSISSIPPI. 
James Z. George, D. 

E. C. Walthall, D. 

MISSOURI. 

F. M. Cockrell, D. 
George G. Vest, D. 

MONTANA. 
Wilber F. Sanders, R. 
Thomas C. Power, R. 

NEBRASKA. 

A. S. Paddock, R. 

C. F. Manderson, R. 

NEVADA. 

William M. Stewart, R. 
John P. Jones, R. 


OHIO. 

John Sherman, R. 

Calvin S. Brice, D. 

OREGON. 
Joseph N. Dolph, R. 

J. H. Mitchell, R. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
M. S. Quay, R. 

J. D. Cameron, R. 

RHODE ISLAND. 
,N. W. Aldrich, R. 
Nathan F. Dixon, R. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 
Mathew C. Butler, D. 

J. L. M. Irby, F. A. 

SOUTH DAKOTA. 
R. F. Pettigrew, R. 

no election. 

TENNESSEE. 
William B. Bate, D. 
Isham G. Harris, D. 

TEXAS. 

John H. Reagan, D. 
Richard Coke, D. 

VERMONT. 
George F. Edmunds, R, 
Justin S. Morrell, R. 

VIRGINIA. 

John W. Daniel, D. 
John S. Barbour, D N 


Fiftysecond Congress. 


127 


INDIANA. 
David Turpie, D. 
Daniel W. Vorhees, D. 

IOWA. 

James F. Wilson, R. 
William B. Allison, R. 

KANSAS. 

Preston B. Plumb, R. 
Peffer, F. A. 

KENTUCKY. 

J. C. S. Blackburn, D. 
John G. Carlisle, D. 

LOUISIANA. 
Randall L. Gibson, D. 
Edward D. White, D. 


ALABAMA. 
Richard H. Clarke, D. 
Hilary A. Herbert, D. 
Wiiliam C. Oates, D. 
Louis W. Turpin, D. 
James E. Cobb, D. 
John H. Bankhead, D. 
Wm. H. Forney, D. 
Jos. Wheeler, D. 

ARKANSAS. 

L. P. Featherston, R. 
C. R. Breckenridge, D. 
Thos. C. McRae, D. 
William L. Terry, D. 
Samuel W. Peel, D. 

CALIFORNIA. 

T. J. Geary, D. 

A. Gaminetti, D. 
Joseph McKenna, R. 
John T. Cutting, R. 
Eugene F. Loud, R. 

W. W. Bowers. 

COLORADO. 
Hosea Townsend, R. 


NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
W. E. Chandler, R. 
Jacob H. Gallinger, R. 

NEW JERSEY. 
Rufus Blodgett, D. 

John R. McPherson, D. 

NEW YORK. 
Frank Hiscock, R. 
David B. Hill, D. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 
Matt. W. Ransom, D. 
Zebulon B. Vance, D. 

NORTH DAKOTA. 
Lyman R. Casey, R. 

no election. 


WASHINGTON. 
John B. Allen, R. 
Watson C. Squire, R. 

WEST VIRGINIA. 
Charles F. Faulkner, D. 
John E. Kenna, D. 

WISCONSIN. 
Philetus Sawyer, R. 
William F. Vilas, D. 

WYOMING. 
Joseph M. Carey, R, 
Francis E. Warren, R. 


REPRESENTATIVES. 

CONNECTICUT. 
Lewi's Sperry, D. 

W. F. Wilcox, D. ] 

Charles A. Russell, R. 
Robert E. De Forest. 

DELAWARE. 

John W. Cousey, D. 
FLORIDA. 

Stephen R. Mallory, D. 
Robert Bullock, D. 

GEORGIA. 

Rufus E. Lester, D. 
Henry G. Turner, D. ' 

Charles F. Crisp, D. 
Charles L. Moses, D. ' 

L. F. Livingstone, D. i 

James H. Blount, D. < 

R. Wm. Everett, D. 

Thos. G. Lawson, D. 
Thomas E. Winn, D. J 

Thomas B. Watson, D. < 

IDAHO. 

Willis Sweet, R. 


ILLINOIS. 
Abner Taylor, R. 

L. E. McGann, D. 

Allen E. Durborrovv, D. 
Walter C. Newberry, D. 
Albert J. Hopkins, R. 
Robert R. Hitt, R. 

Thos. J. Henderson, R. 
Lewis Stewart, D. 
Henry W. Snow, D. 
Philip Sidney Post, R. 
Benjamin T. Cable, D. 
Scott Wike, D. 

Wm. M. Springer, D. 
Owen Scott, D. 

Samuel T. Busey, D. 
George W. Fithian, D. 
Edward Lane, D. 

Wm. S. Forman, D. 
James R. Williams, D. 
George W. Smith, R. 

" INDIANA. 
William F. Parrett, D. 
John L. Britz, D. 


128 


Fiftysecond Congress. 


INDIANA. LOUISIANA. 


Jason B. Brown, I). 
William S. Holman, D. 
Henry U. Johnson, R. 
William D. Bynum, D. 
Elij. V. Brookshire, D. 
Daniel Waugh, R. 
David A. Patton, D. 
Aug. N. Martin, D. 

C. A. O. McClellan, D. 
Benj. E. Shively, D. 
George W. Cooper, D. 
IOWA. 


Adolph Meyer, D. 
Mat. D. Lagan, D. 
Andrew Price, D. 

N. C. Blanchard, D. 
Charles J. Boatner, D 
S. M. Robertson, D. 
MAINE. 

Thomas B. Reed, R. 
Nelson Dingley jr., R. 
Seth L. Milliken, R. 
Chas. A. Boutelle, R. 
MARYLAND. 


John J. Seerly, D. 
Walter I. Hayes, D. 

D. B. Henderson, R. 
Walter H. Butler, D. 
John T. Hamilton, D. 
Fred E. White, D. 
John A. T. Hull, R. 
James P. Flick, R. 
Thomas Bowman, D. 
Jno. P. Dolliver, R. 
George D. Perkins, R. 

KANSAS. 

Case Broderick, R. 
Edward H. Funston, R. 

B. H. Clover, F. A. 
John G. Otes, F. A. 
John M. Davis, F. A. 
William Baker, F. A. 
Jerry Simpson, F. A. 
KENTUCKY. 


Henry Page, D. 

Herman Stump, D. 
Harry W. Rusk, D. 
Isidor Rayner, D. 
Barnes Compton, D. 
William M. McKaig, D. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
Charles S. Randall, R. 
Elijah A. Morse, R. 
John F. Andrew, D. 
Joseph H. O’Neil, D. 
Sherman Hoar, D. 
Henry Cabot Lodge, R. 
William Cogswell, R. 
Moses T. Stevens, D. 
George F. Williams, D. 
Joseph H. Walker, R. 
Frederic S. Coolidge, D. 
John C. Crosby, D. 
MICHIGAN. 


William J. Stone, D. J. Logan Chipman, D. 

William T. Ellis, D. James S. Gorman, D. 

Isaac H. Goodnight, D. James O’Donnel, R. 

A. B. Montgomery, D. Julius C. Burrows, R. 
Asher G. Caruth, D. Melbourne H. Ford, D. 
Worth W. Dickerson, D. Byron G. Stoutt, D. 

W. C. P. Breckinridge, D.Justin R. Whiting, D. 

J. B. McCreary, D. Henry M. Youmans, D. 
T. H. Paynter, D. Harrison H. Wheeler, D. 
John W. Kendall, D. T. A. E. Weadock, D. 
John H. Wilson, R. Sam’l M. Stephenson, R. 


MINNESOTA. 
Wm. H. Harries, D. 
John Lind, R. 

Orrin M. Hall, D. 

James N. Castle, D. 
Kittel Llalvorsen, F. A. 

MISSISSIPPI. 
John M. Allen, D. 

John C. Kyle, F. A. 

T. C. Catchings, D. 
Clarke Lewis, D. 

Joseph H. Beeman, D. 
T. R. Stockdale, D. 

C. E. Hooker, D. 

MISSOURI. 
William H. Hatch, D. 
Charles H. Mansur, D. 
Alex. M. Dockery, D. 
Robert P. C. Wilson, D. 
John C. Tarsney, D. 
John T. Heard, D. 
Richard H. Norton, D. 
John J. O’Neill, D. 

Seth W. Cobb, D. 

Sam. Byrns, D. 

Richard P. Bland, D. 

D. A. De Armond, D. 
Richard W. Fyan, D. 
Marshall Arnold. D. 

MONTANA. 
William W. Dixon, D. 

NEBRASKA. 

Wm. J. Bryan, D. 

W. A. McKeighan, F. A. 
O. M. Kem, F. A. 

NEW JERSEY. 
Chris. A. Bergen, R. 
James Buchanan, R. 

J. A. Geissenhainer, D. 
Samuel Fowler, D. 
Cornelius A. Cadmus, D. 
Thos. D. English, D. 
Edw. F. McDonald, D. 


Fifty second Congress. 


129 


NEW YORK. 
James W. Covert, D. 

D. A. Boody, D. 

W. J. Coombs, D. 

John M. Clancy, D. 

T. F. Magner, D. 

J. R. Fellows, D. 

E. J. Dunphy, D. 

T. J. Campbell, D. 
Amos J. Cummings, D. 
J. Dewitt Warner, D. 
Roswell P. Flower, D. 
Ashbel P. Fitch, D. 

W. G. Stahlnecker, D. 
Henry Bacon, D. 

J. H. Ketcham, R. 

Isaac N. Cox, D. 

J. A. Quackenbush, R. 
Charles Tracey, D. 

John Sanford, R. 

J. M. Wever, R. 

L. W. Russell, R. 

H. W. Bentley, D. 

G Van Horn, D. 

James J. Belden, R. 

G. W. Ray, R. 

S. E. Payne, R. 

H. H. Rockwell, D. 

John Raines, R. 

H. S. Greenleaf, D. 

J. W. Wadsworth, R. 

D. N. Lockwood, D. 

T. L. Bunting, D. 

W. B. Hooker, R. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 
W. A. B. Branch, D. 

H. P. Cheatham, R. 

B. F. Grady, D. 

B. H. Bunn, D. 

A. H. A. Williams, D. 

S. B. Alexander, D. 

J. S. Henderson, D. 

W. H. H. Cowles, D. 

W. T. Crawford, D. 


NEVADA. 
Horace F. Bartine, R. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
Luther F. McKinney, D. 
Warren F. Daniels, D. 

NORTH DAKOTA. 
Martin N. Johnson, R. 

OHIO. 

Ballamy Stover, R. 

J. A. Caldwell, R. 

G. W. Houk, D. 

M. K. Gantz, D. 

F. C. Layton, D. 

D. D. Donovan, D. 

Wm. E. Haynes, D. 
Darius D. Hare, D. 

J. H. Outhwaite, D. 

R. E. Doan, R. 

J. M. Pattison, D. 

W. H. Enochs, R. 

Irvine Dungan, D. 

J. W. Owens, D. 

M. D. Harter, D. 

J. G. Warwick, D. 

A. G. Pearson, D. 

J. D. Taylor, R. 

E. B. Taylor, R. 
Vincent A. Taylor, R. 
Tom L. Johnson, D. 

OREGON. 
Bjnger Hermann, R. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
Henry H. Bingham, R. 
Charles O’Neil, R. 
William McAleer, D. 

J. E. Reyburn, R. 

A. C. Harmer, R. 

J. B. Robinson, R. 
Ndwin N. Hallowell, D. 
William Mutchler, D. 


D. B. Brunner, D. 

M. Brosius, R. 

L. Amermann, D. 

G. W. Shonk, R. 

J. B. Reilly, D. 

J. W. Rife, R. 

M. B. Wright, R. 

Albert C. Hopkins, R. 

S. P. Wolverton, D. 

L. E. Atkinson, R. 

F. E. Beltzhoover, D. 
Edward Scull, R. 

G. F. Huff, R. 

John Dalzell, R. 

W. A. Stone, R. 
Andrew Stewart, R. 
Eugene P. t Gillespie, D. 
Mathew Griswold, R. 
Charles W. Stone, R. 

G. F. ICribbs, D. 

RHODE ISLAND. 
Oscar Lapham, D. 

no election. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 
William H. Brawley, D. 
George D. Tillman, D. 
George Johnstone, D. 
George W. Shell, D. 
John J. Hemphill, D. 

E. T. Stackhous, D. 
William Elliot, D. 

TENNESSEE. 
Alfred A. Taylor, R. 
Leonidas C. Houk, R. 

H. C. Snodgrass, D. 
Benton McMillin, D. 
Jas. D. Richardson, D. 
Jos. E. Washington, D. 

N. N. Cox, D. 

B. A. Enloe, D. 

Rice A. Pierce, D. 
Josiah Patterson, D. 


130 


Fiftysecond Congress. 


SOUTH DAKOTA. 
John A. Pickier, R. 
John R. Gamble, R. 

TEXAS. 

Charles Stewart, D. 
John B. Long, D. 

C. B. Kilgore, D. 

D. B. Culberson, D. 

J. W. Bailey, D. 

J. Abbott, D. 

Wm. H. Crain, D. 

L. W. Moore, D. 

R. O. Mills, D. 

J. D. Sayers, D. 

S. W. T. Lanham. 

VERMONT. 

H. Henry Powers, R. 

WASHINGTON. 
John L. Wilson, R. 


VIRGINIA. 
William A. Jones. 

J. W. Lawson, D. 
George D. Wise, D. 
James F. Epes, D. 
Posey G. Lester, D. 
Paul C. Edmunds, D. 
C. T. O’Ferral, D. 

W. H. F. Lee, D. 
James A. Buchanan, D. 
H. St. G. Tucker, D. 

WISCONSIN. 
Clinton Babbitt, D. 
Charles Barwig, D. 
Allen R. Bushnell, D. 
John L. Mitchell, D. 
Geo. H. Brickner, D. 
Lucas M. Miller, D. 
Frank P. Coburn, D. 
Nils P. Haugen, R. 
Thomas Lynch, D. 

-H 


WEST VIRGINIA. 
John O. Pendleton, D. 
William L. Wilson, D. 
J. D. Alderson, D. 

J. A. Capehart, D. 

WYOMING. 
Clarence D. Clark, R. 

DELEGATES. 

ARIZONA. 
Marcus A. Smith, D. 

NEW MEXICO. 
Antonio Joseph, D. 

OKLAHOMA. 
David A. Harvey, R. 

UTAn. 

John T. Caine, Ind. 


FOREIGN LEGATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
$telanMfdje dkfcnbtfdjafien in ben Skrcitugicn <3taatcn. 

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 

Don Vicente G. Ouesada, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotent. 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

Chevalier Schmit von Tavera, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotent. 

BELGIUM. 

Alfred Le Ghait, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

BRAZIL. 

J. G. do Amaral Valente, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotent. 

CHILI. * 

Don Prudencio Lazcano, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotent. 

CHINA. 

Tsui Kwo Yin, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

COLOMBIA. 

Don Jose Marcelino Hurtado, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotent. 

COREA. 

Pak Chung Yank, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

COSTA RICA. 

Don Pedro Perez Zeledon, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotent. 

DENMARK. 

Count W. de Sponneck, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

ECUADOR. 

Don Jose M. P. Caamano, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotent. 


Foreign Legations. 


131 


FRANCE. 

Theodore Roustan, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

GERMANY. 

Count Ludwig von Arco Valley, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo. 

GREAT BRITAIN. 

Sir Julian Pauncefote, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

GREECE. 

Jean Gennadius, Minister Resident. 

GUATEMALA. 

Don Fernando Cruz, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

, HAWAII. 

H. A. P. Carter, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

HAYTI. 

Hannibal Price, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

ITALY. 

Marquis Imperiali di Francavilla, Secretary of Legation. 

JAPAN. 

Aimaro Sato, Secretary of Legation and Charge d’Affairs. 

MEXICO. 

Don Matias Romero, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

, NETHERLANDS, 

G. de Weckherlin, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

NICARAGUA. 

Don Horacio Guzman, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

PERU. 

Don Felix Cipriano C. Zegarra, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo. 

PERSIA. 

Hadji Hassein Ghooly Khan, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotent. 

PORTUGAL. 

Thomaz de Souza Roza, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

RUSSIA. 

Charles de Struve, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

SALVADOR. 

Don Benjamin Molina Guirola, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo. 

SIAM. 

Phya Montri Surig a Wongse, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotent. 

SPAIN. 

Don Miguel Suarez Guanes, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotent. 

SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 

J. A. W. Grip, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

SWITZERLAND. 

A. de Claparede, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

TURKEY. 

Mavroyeni Bey, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

VENEZUELA. 

Don Nicanor Bolet Peraza, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotent. 


132 


The Diplomatic Corps, 


Tiie Diplomatic Corps. 


Ministers to Germany, France, England and Russia, $17,500; to 
Brazil, Austria, China, Italy, Mexico, Spain and Japan $12,000; to 
Chili, Peru and Central America, $10,000; to Sweden, Belgium, 
Turkey, Argentine, Hawaian Islands, Colombia and Venezuela $7,500 ; 
to Denmark, Switzerland, Paraguay, Bolivia and Portugal $5,000; 
to Liberia $4,000. 

There are American commercial agencies and consulates in all 
principal cities of foreign countries. 

The principal foreign governments are represented in the United 
States and have their legations in Washington. 

German Consulates are in 

New York, A. Feigel, Consul-General. 

“ Carl Marhinecke, Consul. 

Baltimore, Md., Geo. A. von Lingen, Consul. 

Charleston, S. C., Chas. O. Witte, Consul. 

Galveston, Tex., J. Runge, Consul. 

Mobile, Ala., C. Holzborn, Consul. 

New Orleans, La., J. Kruttschnitt, Consul. 

Philadelphia, Pa., Chas. H. Meyer, Consul. 

Richmond, Va., Adolph Osterhoh, Consul. 

Savannah, Ga., J. Rauers, Consul. 

Washington, D. C., A. Schuecking, Consular-Agent. 

Wilmington, N. C., Eduard Peschau, Consul. 

Chicago, Ill., v. Nordenflycht, Consul. 

“ “ v. Schuckmann, Vice-Consul. 

Cincinnati, O., Carl Pollier, Consul. 

San Francisco, Cal., Adolph Rosenthal, Consul. 

“ “ Lohan, Vice-Consul. 

St. Louis, Mo., Dr. F. Meier, Consul. 




2) a 3 biplomatifd&e S o r p 3. 


133 


©it* ©ipUmtatifdje (1‘ov^s. 


©efanbte nacfj $)eutfd(jlanb, granfreidf), Snglanb unb 31uf$lanb 
begieljen $17,500 ©ef)alt ; nad; S3rafilien, Oefterreicf), Sl)ina, 

2Jle£ico, ©panien unb 3 a P an $12,000; nacf) Sfjile, $eru unb 
©iibamerifa $10,000; nadfj ©dfjtneben, 23elgien, ber Xiirfet, 2lrgen* 
tinien, ben §aroaii 2> n f e h% Solombta unb SSene^uela $7,500; nad) 
©anemarf, ber ©cJjroeig, ^araguap, 23olioia unb Portugal $5,000 ; nadj) 
Siberia $4,000. 

2lmerifanif<f)e commerciedc 2lgenturen unb Sonfulate befinben fidfj in 
ben nricfjtigften ©tabten be3 2luolanbe3. 

SDie l)auptfad()lic§ften auSlanbifd^en Sftegierungen finb in ben 33ereinigten 
©taaten oertreten unb fjabcn ibre ©efanbtfcfjaften in 2Bafljington. 

©eutfc^e Sonfulate befinben fid) in 

21en> 3)orf, 21. geigcl, ©eneralconful. 

„ Sari 2Jlarl)inede, Sonful. 

^Baltimore, 2Jlb., ©eorg 21. non Singen, Sonful. 

Sljarlefton, ©. S., Sl)a3. D. SSitte, Sonful. 

©aloefton, %€$., 8* 9lunge, Sonful. 

Mobile. 2lla., S. §oIgborn, Sonful. 

2lero Orleans, 2a., 8- $ruttfd&nitt, Sonful. 

$P$iIabelp§ia, ^a., Sl)a3. §. 2Jteper, Sonful. 

21icf)monb, 33a., 2lbolpf) Dfterfjofj, Sonful. 

©aoannalj, ©a., 3* Hauers, Sonful. 

2Bafl)ington, 2). S., 21. ©gliding, Sonfular=2lgent. 

2Bilmington, 21. S., Sbuarb $efcf)au, Sonful. 

Chicago, 3d v 21orbenflpdf)t, Sonful. 

„ „ n. ©cf)udmann, 23ice=Sonful. 

Sincinnati, D., Sari jollier, Sonful. 

©an granciSco, Sal., Slbolpfy 2lofentl)al, Sonful. 

,, ,, 2o r ?an, 23ice=Sonful. 

©t. 2oui3, 2Jlo., i)x. $. 2?leier, Sonful. 


134 


The States. 


Tlie State©. 

The States consist of Eastern or New England States, Middle 
States, Southern States, Central States and Western or Pacific States. 

The Capital of the United States is Washington, in the District of 
Columbia. 

EASTERN OR NEW ENGLAND STATES. 

There are six New England States, which are situated between 
New Brunswick and the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the State New 
York and Canada on the west. 

The country is hilly and mountainous sloping toward the Atlantic 
Ocean, along which a low plain extends. 

The mountains of New England are the Green and the White 
mountains with the lofty peak Mount Washington, to whose summit a 
railroad has been built. 

The numerous rivers with fine rich valleys on each side furnish 
abundant water-power. 

The winters are long and cold and the summers are warm. 

The industries are manufacturing, commerce, agriculture, fishing 
and lumbering. 


MAINE. (“ Pine Tree State.”) 

Area: 30,000 square miles. Population: 660,261. 

The surface of Maine is hilly and mountainous. Mount Katahdin 
is the highest point. There are numerous islands near the coast and 
many lakes in the interior of the State. The Penobscott, Kennebec, 
Androscoggin, Saco, St. Croix, Aroostook and St. John are the largest 
rivers. There are several bays, the Penobscot Bay, Casco Bay 
Passamaquoddy Bay etc. The forests contain spruce, maple, pine etc. 
The State is well supplied with minerals ; slate, marble and granite are 
of fine quality. Iron, copper, zinc, lead and tin are found but not well 
mined. The forests are full of wild animals: the bear, deer, moose, 
wolverine, catamount, beaver, sable, weasel etc.; many game birds are 
hunted and the rivers and lake abound with trout and salmon; the 
herring, mackerel, cod and halibut are fished in the coast waters. 


O i e © t a a t e n. 


135 


Die gititctiem 

9J?an tljeilt bte 44 ©taaten ber Union ein in bie bftlicfjen ober 
9kuengtanb=©taaten, bie 9JiitteIftaaten, bie ©iibftaaten, bie ©entralftaaten 
unb bie roeftlicfjen ober $acific=©taaten. 

£>ie §auptftabt ber 33ereinigten ©taaten ift 2Baff;ington, im ©iftrift 
(Columbia. 

$te Ocftlidjcn ober tReucngtanb ©tauten. 

9ieus©ngtanb beftefjt au§ fecf|3 ©taaten unb roirb im Often non 9^em 
33run3n)id, im SBeften non bem atlantifcfjen Ocean, bem ©taate S^ern g)orf 
unb non Sanaba begrengt. 

SDag Sanb ift im !gnneren bergig unb fjiigelig, bad;t fid; aber gegen 
ben atlantifd;en Ocean t;in, an bem fid; eine niebere ©bene entlang giefjt, 
admdf;Iig ab. 

2)ie ©ebirge 3^eu=©nglanb§ finb bie ©reen unb bie 2Bt;ite fountains 
mit bem Ijofjen 9Jiount 2Baffjington, auf beffen ©pi£e eine neuerbingS 
gebaute ©ifenbaljn fiiljrt. 

©ie gal;Ireid)en gliiffe mit iljren fdfjonen, reidjen £f;atern gu beiben 
©eiten, liefern SBafferfraft in 9ttenge. 

$)ie 2Binter finb tang unb fait unb bie ©ommer raarm. 

©ie §aupterroerb§gtneige finb gabrifen, §anbel, Stderbau, gifcfjfang 
unb §olgf>anbet. 

9ftatuc. („gicljtenftaat".) 

©rofte : 30,000 Quabratmeilen. 33eobtferung: 660,261. 

©ie Ober fiddle non 9Jiaine ift fyitgelig unb gebirgig. 3Jiount $ataf;bin ift 
ber f)ocf)fie $unft. gat)treid;e S^fetn tiegen in ber 9tdf;e ber $iifte unb niele 
©eeen im ^nneren be§ ©taate§. S)er $enob§cott, Kennebec, 2Inbro3coggin, 
©aco, ©t. ©roij, Sttooftoo! unb ©t. goljn finb bie grofjten gliiffe. 2)a3 9fteer 
bitbct me()rere 33ud ; ten, g. 33. bie $enobscott=35ucf)t, ©a§co=33ud;t, ipaffama= 
quobbt)s33ud)t u. f. to. £)ie SBalber entfyalten $edj;tannen, SUjorne, gidf;ten 
u. f. to. £>er ©taat ift reid; an SDUneralien unb unter biefen finb ©cf)iefer, 
gftarmor unb ©ranit non befonberer ©iite. 33on ©rgen finben fic§ ©ifen, 
$upfer, ginf, S3Iei unb ftxm, tnerbcn aber rnenig gegraben. 2)ie SBatoer 
finb nod roitber ST^iere. £)a tjauft ber 33dr, ber §irfd;, ba§ ©tentt;ier, ber 
SSielfrafs, bie 2Bilbfai$e, ber 33iber, ber gobet, ba£ SBiefel u. f. to. S)a* 
gegen ift nod; niet jagbbareS roitbeS ©efliiget norbanben, unb mdf;renb bie 
^uftengemaffer eine reid;e Stusbeute non £ad)$, §aringen, -JMreten, 
©todfifdjen unb ©gotten geTod(;ren, nrimmeln bie gliiffe unb ©eeen im 
^nneren be§ £anbe§ non fd;mad(;aften goretten unb 2ad;§. 


136 


The States. 


The chief industries are agriculture, lumbering, shipbuilding, the 
manufacture of cotton goods, ice-packing, fisheries, quarrying and 
commerce. The canning of lobsters, clams and vegetables is immense. 

There are over 1,200 miles of railway in the State. 

The climate is severe. There are long winters and short summers; 
in general the State is healthy. 

The schools of Maine are excellent. 

Augusta (population 10,521) is the capital of the State. 

Portland, (population 36,425) the metropolis is the most important 
commercial and railroad centre. 

Bangor, Lewiston, Belfast, Brunswick, Auburn, Biddleford are 
important manufacturing and commercial towns. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. (“ Granite State.”) 

Area: 9,305 square miles. Population: 375,900. 

New Hampshire has 18 miles of sea coast and one harbor, 
Portsmouth. The surface is mountainous. The White Mountains, 
with Mount Washington, cover an area of 1,270 square miles. The 
largest rivers are the Connecticut in the west and the Merrimac, the 
Piscatauqua and Androscoggin in the east. There are some important 
lakes. The State is sometimes called “the Switzerland of America” on 
account of its wild and beautiful sceneries. 

There are over 1,050 miles of railroad. 

The soil is not well adapted for agriculture. The valleys are 
fertile. The chief products are rye, oats, Indian corn, potatoes, 
tobacco, hay, orchard and dairy products. 

The forests contain mostly oak, maple and pine. 

Graphite is mined extensively ; there are also large mica quarries ; 
granite is found in great abundance and of the best quality. 

Manufacturing is the chief industry of the State. The principle 
manufactures are wooden ware, cotton and woolen goods, paper, boots 
and shoes, furniture etc. 

The climate is healthy, although the summers are hot and the 
winters cold. There are no epidemics. 

The schools are excellent. 


3) i e S t a a t e n. 


137 


2>ie ^auptcrroerbagroeige finb Hderbau, ^ol^ljanbel, ©dfjiffbau, 
tBaumroottenfabrifation, ©iaoerfanbte, gifcfyerei, ©teinbrecfyerei unb §anbel. 
SDaa Cinmacfjen Don §ummer, ©cfyedfifcfyen unb ©emtife roirb in grojjartigem 
Slttafiftabe beirieben. 

2>ie ©efammtlange ber in bem ©taate uorljanbenen Cifenbaljnen 
mad;t 1200 3T£eiten aua. 

2)aa $lima ift rauf). 2)ie SBinter finb lang unb bie ©ommer furs; 
ber ©taat ift im Sldgemeinen gefunb. 

*5)ie ©djulen 9Jtainea finb auageseictjnet. 

2Iugufta (10,521 ©inrooljner) ift bie §auptftabt bea ©taatea. 

^portlanb (36,425 ©inrootjner) ift bie -JRetropole unb f)auptfadf)Iidf)fte 
§anbet§s unb ©ifenbafynftabt. 

33angor, Seroifton, Selfaft, 23runaroicf, SCuburn, SBibbleforb ftnb 
roicf)tige gabrifs unb §anbelapla£e. 

!ftcto §amjjffjtre. („©ranit=©taat".) 

©rofje: 9,305 Ouabratmeilen. 33eoolferung : 375,900. 

!ftero §ampff)ire fjat 18 s DD^eiIen ©eefiifte unb einen §afen, ^ortamoutfj. 
£)ie Oberflacfye ift bergig. ©ie 2Bei|en 33erge mit bem 9Jtount SSaf^ington 
bebecfen einen gladfjenraum non 1,270 Ouabratmeilen. ®ie grofeten gliiffe 
finb ber Connecticut im Sffieften unb ber 9Jierrimac, ber ^iacatauqua unb 
ber 2fnbro3coggin im Often. 2lucf) einige bebeutenbe ©eeen finb ba. Oft 
roirb ber ©taat roegen feiner roilben, fdfjonen ©cenerien ,,$Die ©d^roeis non 
2lmerifa" genannt. 

2)aa ©ifenbafynnetj fjat eine Sange non iiber 1,050 ^fteilen. 

$)er SBoben ift fur Gultur im 2ldgemeinen nidjt befonbera geeignet, 
bod) finb bie Staler frudfjtbar unb liefern 9Jtitd)ereiprobufte, 9toggen, 
§afer, 9ftaia, ^artoffeln, Sabacf, §eu unb Obftfriidjjte. 

$Die SSalber entfjalren meiftena £anncn, 2lf)orne unb gidfjten. 

9f£ero §ampf()ire ift befannt roegen feiner grofjen ©rapljits unb 
©limmerbrucfye, namentlidf) aber roegen feinea in grower Sflenge unb in 
Dorguglidjfter Oualitdt oorljanbenen ©ranita. 

SDer ©taat ift oorroiegenb ein gabrifftaat. 2)ie I)auptfddf)li<f)ften 
gabrifate finb £rotsroaarenfd)ni£ereien, 23aumrooIfen= unb SBotlroaaren, 
papier, ©d)ut)e unb ©tiefeln, -3Jtobel u. f. ro. 

‘Daa $lima ift tro£ ber Ijeiften ©ommer unb fatten Winter gefunb. 
Cpibemien gibt ea nid;t. 

£>ie ©d)uten finb auageseicfjnet. 


138 


The States. 


Manchester (population 44,126) is the chief city and manufacturing 
town. 

Concord (population 16,948) is the capital of the State. 

Other important cities are Nashua, Dover, Portsmouth, Rochester, 
Franklin, Keene etc. 

VERMONT. (‘ ‘ Green Mountain State. ’ ’) 

Area: 9,560 square miles. Population: 332,422. 

The Green Mountains run through the center of the State from 
north to south. The largest rivers are the Connecticut and the Hudson. 
Lake Champlain lies in the northwestern part of the State. The 
country is hilly but has many lakes. Pines, hemlock and firs are the 
principal timbers. Of minerals, gold, iron, copper and copperas are 
found. The finest marble and slate are quarried extensively and 
turpentine is produced. 

The chief industries are sheep-raising and dairying, as the hills 
are well adapted for pasturage. Butter, cheese, wood, cattle, hay, 
Indian corn, wheat, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, some tobacco 
and sheep and swine are the chief products. 

There is not much manufacturing,- compared with the other New 
England States. 

There are about 1,000 miles of railway. 

The climate is good, although the winters are long and the 
summers short and hot. There exist no miasmatic diseases. 

The schools have a good reputation. 

Montpelier, the capital of the State, has 4,160 inhabitants and is 
noted for its carriage factories. 

Rutland, population 11,760, is an important railroad center. 

Burlington on Lake Champlain with 14,590 inhabitants, has a fine 
harbor and is noted for its lumbering and mercantile interests. 

Bennington, St. Albans, Brattleboro, St. Johnsbury, Barre, 
Brandon, Bellows Falls are flourishing manufacturing towns. 

MASSACHUSETTS. (“Old Bay State.”) 

Area: 8,400 square miles. Population: 1,800,000. 

The surface is hilly and mountainous. Greylock or Saddle 
mountain and Mount Everett are the highest points. 


Die ® taatcn. 


139 


’DJlanc^efter (44,126 Ginroof;ner) ift bie bebeutenbfte gabrifftabt. 

Goncorb (16,948 Gintoofyner) ift bic §auptftabt beg ©taateg. 

Stnberc midjtige ©tabte finb ^tafljua, 2)oop/c, ^ortgmouil;, 9tod)efter, 
grantlin, $eene u. f. ro. 

Vermont. („©runer=$3ergftaat".) 

®rofje.: 9,560 Qaiabratmeilen. SBeooltcrung: 332,422. 

2)ie ©riinen SBcrge burd)giel;en bie 5CRitte beg ©taateg t>on ^orben 
nad) ©uben. 2)ie grijfjten gliiffe finb ber Gonnecticut unb ber §ubfon. 
£er Gf)amplain ©ee liegt im norbroeftlicfyen ST^cite beg ©taateg. 'Die 2anb= 
fd;aft ift gebirgig, aber aud; feeenreid). gidjten, §emloct (eine 2lrt gid)te) 
unb £annen finb bie bauptfad)lid)ften Sauljblger. SSon 9Kineralien finbet fid) 
G5olb, Gifen, ^upfer unb 5lupfert)itrioI. Slufferbem liefert ber 23oben ben 
fd)onftcn 9Jtarmor unb ©dpefer unb bie tnelen Dannen guteg Derpentin. 

Die §auptbefdjaftigungen ber SBerooljner finb jebod) ©cf)afgud)t unb 
9Md)ereimar!t, ba bic £iigel fid; oorgiiglid; fiir SBeibe eignen. Gutter, 
Sedfc, 2£ode, aufferbem §eu, SJiaig, Sffieigen, ipafer, ©erfte, SBudjroeigen, 
^artoffeln, Dabacf, ©djafe unb ©djroeine finb bie ipaupilanbegergeugniffe. 

Dag gabrifroefen tritt f;ier im 23erglcid) mit ben iibrigen ^euenglanb* 
©taaten guriid. 

Dag Gifenbafynnetj umfa&t 1000 9Jteilen. 

Dag &lima ift gut, obroofjl bie SBinter lang unb bie ©ommer turg unb 
fjeif$ finb. 9ftiag”atifd)e £ranfl;eiten fommen nicfjt nor. 

Die ©djulen l;aben einen guten 9tuf. 

Montpelier, bie §auptftabt beg ©taateg, fjat 4,160 Gimooljner unb 
ift betannt raegen feiner $utfd)enfabrifen. 

9iutlanb, mit 11,760 Ginroofynern, ift ein roidjtiger Gifenbafjnpuntt. 

^Burlington, mit 14,590 Ginroofynern, bed einen fd;onen §afen am 
G^amplain unb ift betannt raegen feineg §clgf)anbel3 unb regen G5efd)dftg= 
lebeng. 

Slnbere blii^enbe ©tdbte finb SBegnington, ©t. 2llbang, 33rattleboro, 
©t. 3ol;n§buri;, 33arre, 53ranbon unb 33etlon)g gatl^. 

ItJtaffarfjufcttS. (,,2IIter Sudjtenftaat".) 

©rofee: 8,400 Duabratmcilen. Seoolferung: 1,800,000. 

Die Dbcrflddje ift ^iigelig unb gebirgig. GSreplod ober bag ©abble® 
gebirg unb ber SDtount Goerett finb bie fjod)ften ^unfte. 


140 


The States. 


The Merrimac is the only navigable river; other rivers are the 
Connecticut, Blackstone, Charles, Mystic etc. Nantucket, Martha’s 
Vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands are its most important islands. 
The coast is indented with numerous bays and harbors. Very few wild 
animals are found in the forests, but reptiles are plenty. The rivers 
are stocked with good fish. Although some minerals have been found, 
mining is not profitable. Only the valleys are productive and produce 
the cereals, tobacco, potatoes, vegetables and large crops of cranberries. 
Orchard fruits, honey, dairy products, maple sugar form an important 
source of revenue. The manufacturing establishments are tmmense, 
such as boots and shoes, cotton-mills, woolen- and carpet-mills, iron- 
foundries, machine shops, nail factories, rolling-mills, woodenware, 
tanneries etc. 

There are about 2000 miles of railway. 

Massachusetts has the reputation of having the best schools. 

The winters are long and severe and the summers are short and hot. 

Boston, population 446,507, is the capital and metropolis of the 

State. It is second to New York in domestic and foreign commerce. 
It has a fine harbor. The eight lines of railway, and the many steamers 
and other vessels carry to the interior and other countries immense 
quantities of manufactured goods, fish, ice etc. There are manufactures 
of every description. It is noted for its fine schools, literary and 
musical societies, libraries and social clubs. 

Lowell, population 77,605, is a great manufacturing city; water 
power mostly is used. 

Worcester, population 84,536, manufactures a great quantity of 
boots and shoes, woolen and cotton goods etc. 

Cambridge, population 69,837, Lynn, population 55,984, Fall 
River, population 84,536, Springfield, Lawrence, Somerville, Salem, 
New Bedford, Chelsea, Holyoke, Gloucester, North Adams are very 
important mannfacturing and commercial cities. 

RHODE ISLAND. (“Little Rhody.”) 

Rhode Island is the smallest state of the Union, having an area of 


$)ie ©taaten. 


141 


2)er ©errimac ift ber einjig fd;iffbare glufj. Slnbere gliiffe finb ber 
Connecticut, 33ladftone, ©IjarleS, ©pftic u. f. to. ^antucfet, OTart^a’S 
SSinetjarb (©einberg) unb bie ©lifabetl)infeln finb bie micljtigften ^nfeln. 
®ie $iifte Ijat oiele ©infd;nitte rnit gafjlreicfyen 33ud)ten unb £afen. ©an 
finbet feljr toenig 3BiIb in ben ©cilbern, aber eS gibt oiele Reptile. 2)ie 
$luffe entfyaltcn gute $ifd)e. ©ineralien finb oorljanben, aber nicfyt in 
folder ©enge, baft ber 23ergbau fic^ al§ loljnenb ermeift. 9Zur bie Staler 
finb frudjjtbar unb bringen §ulfcnfriid)te, Sabad, ^arioffeln, ©emiife unb 
grof$e ©ooobeerernten fjeroor. SBaumfriidjte, §onig, ©ildjereiprobufte, 
^tfyornjuder bilben eine erljeblidje ©noerbSquelle. 2)ie gabrilanlagen finb 
grofjartig. ©d;ul)= unb ©tiefelfabrifcn, 33aumtoo(lfpinnereten, ©oil* 
fpinnereien, £eppid)roebereien, ©ifengxefiereien, ©afcfyinenroerffidtten, 
9tagelfabrifen, ©al$roerfe, ^papiermuplen, ^olgtoaarenfabrifen, ©jerbe* 
reien u. f. to. gibt eS in feinem ©taate fooiele toie in bem ©taate 

5ftaffad)ufett§. 

SDie ©efammtlange ber ©ifenbaljnftrecfen betrdgt ca. 2000 ©eilen. 

©affad)ufett3 fteljt in bem 9tuf, bie beften ©$ulen gu befi^en. 

SDte ©inter finb lang unb ftreng, bie ©ommer furj unb l)eif$. 

23ofton, mit 446,507 ©inroofynern, ift bie §auptftabt unb ©etropole 
be§ ©taateS. gn s ^^ug auf inlanbifdjen unb auSldnbifdjen §anbcl ftefyfc 
Softon nur Winter s )iero 9)orf ^urlid. ©S fyat einen auSgejeidineten §afen. 
2ld)t ©ifenbafynlinien, oiele SDampfer unb anbere ©d)iffe beforbern unge= 
fjeuere Quantitdten oon gabrifergeugniffen, oon gifcfyen, ©is u. f. to. oon 
Ijier auS nad) bem !Jnlanb unb nacf) ausroariigert Sanbern. ©S befteljen 
gabrifen jeb^r 2lrt. 2)ie ©tabt ift ferner belannt megen il)rer guten 
Sdjulen, iljrer Iiterarifd>en unb mufifalifd)en ©5efellfd)aften, iljrer S3ib= 
Iiotl)efen unb iljrer focialen Clubs. 

Soroell, mit 77,605 ©imooljnern, ift ein grower gabrifort. 3n ^ en 
meiften gabrifen roirb ©aff erf raft angeioanbt. 

©orcefter, mit 84,536 ©imoofynern, fabrijirt grofje Quantitaten oon 
©tiefeln unb ©cfjuljen, ©oils unb SaumroollenTOaaren u. f. to. 

Slnbere gabrifs unb §anbelsftabte oon 33ebeutung finb ©ambribge 
mit 69,837 ©imoofjnern, Spun mit 55,684 ©inmofynern, gall 3U»er mit 
84,536 ©inrooljnern, ©pringfielb, Sarorence, ©omeroiUe, ©alem, 5tera 
SBebforb, Cljelfea, §olpofe, ©loucefter unb 9iortf) SlbamS. 


fftfjobe 3$lnitb. („®lcineS Sftljobe".) 

9?^obe gslanb ift ber fleinfte ©taat in ber Union, ©r umfaj# nur 


142 


The Stales. 


1,085 square miles with a population °f 345>343 1 still it l ias a water 
frontage of 350 miles. The surface is hilly and the soil not yery good; 
about one fourth of it is covered with forests. The principal rivers are 
the Pawtucket, or Blackstone, the Pawtuxet and the Pawcatuck. Its 
largest bay is Narragansett Bay. 

The chief industry is manufacturing of woolen goods and other 
textile fabrics ; a large coasting-trade and fisheries. Farming is not 
carried on extensively. 

There are several railways. 

The climate is mild and very pleasant in summer. 

Rhode Island has two capitals. Providence, population 132,043, 
is one of them. It is a very important city, having a safe harbor, many 
manufacturing establishments, great commerce etc. Newport, popula¬ 
tion, 19,457, the other capital, is a great summer resort, having a 
delightful climate. 

Pawtucket, population 27,633, is noted for its many cotton mills. 

There are many other important towns on account of their great 
manufacturing establishments. 


CONNECTICUT. (“ Nutmeg State.-”) 

Area: 4,880 square miles. Population: 745,861. 

Connecticut is hilly but is well drained by small streams which 
furnish abundant water power. The largest rivers are the Connecticut, 
the Thames and the Housatonic. There are no large lakes. The 
most important minerals found, are lead, copper and iron. Marble 
and limestone are abundant and of excellent quality ; freestone, flagging 
and tiling slates, clay, gneiss and granite are shipped from here to 
New York etc. There are many useful timbers in the forests. 

There are about 1000 miles of railroad. 

Agriculture and dairy farming are the chief industries. Manu¬ 
facturing is carried on extensively. Fire-arms, sewing machines, clocks, 
watches, cutlery edge tools, India-rubber goods, silk and woolen goods, 
boots, shoes, carriages, leather, saddlery, agricultural and mechanical 
implements are manufactured in great quantities. 


S) i e ©taaten. 


143 


1,085 Quabratmeilen mit einer SBeoolferung non 345,343 ©eeten, bat 
babei aber eine ^uftenlange t)on nid;t roeniger al§ 350 9Jteiten. ©ic 
Oberflacbe ift ljugelig unb ber 33oben nid>t fef;r gut; ungefdbr ein 93iertel 
beffelben ift mit 5Balb bcroad;fen. ©ie bauptfddjlidbften gliiffe finb ber 
$Pantudet ober S5Iacfftone, ber ^arotujet urtb ber ^arocatud. $)ie gro^tc 
58ud;t ift bie -ftarraganfettbucbt. 

®ie §auptcr§eugniffc biefeS ©taate3 finb SBoftenfabrifate unb fonftige 
gemebte ©toffe. 9tbobe J^tanb b a t einen lebbaften 5luftenbanbel unb 
fyifc^ereien. Stderbau totrb nur raenig betrieben. 

3Serfd)iebene Cifenbaf;nlinien burcbfreu 3 en ben ©taat. 

2>a§ $lima ift milb unb im ©ommer fefjr angenebm. 

9f?bobe 3^t«nb f>at jroei £>auptftdbte. §)ie eine beifet ^ronibence, eine 
febr beneutenbe ©tab! mit 132,043 Cinroobnern, roeld;e ficb eine§ fid^eren 
§afen§, nieler gabrifanlagen unb eine§ fd;roungbaften §anbet§ erfreut; 
bie anbere, 9teroport mit 19,457 Ctnroobnem, ift ein megen feineS berrtid)en 
Alimas mcit^in berlibmter ©ommerluftort. 

^parotudet, mit 27,663 Cinroobnern, ift beriibmt megen feiner nielen 
SBaumroodenfpinnereien. 

Slugerbem gibt e§ nod; niele anbere ©tdbte, bie ibrer gabrifen megen 
befannt finb. 

Connecticut. (,3u3fatnuf$ftaat".) 

CJrofje: 4,880 Quabratmeiten. 33enoiferung: 745,861. 

Connecticut ift b^G^Or a ^ er G u * bemdffert non mebreren fteinen 
5Iiiffen, metebe reid)ttcbe -JBafferfraft liefern. 3>ie grojjten gluffe finb ber 
Connecticut, bie £bame3 unb ber §aufatonic. ©rofje ©eeen finb nid)t 
norljanben. 2)te micbtigften -JRineralien, melcbe gefunben roerben, finb 
33Iei, $upfer unb Cifen. 9Jtarmor unb $alffteine gibt e§ in 9flenge unb 
fie finb non oorji'tglidjer Qualitdt. 91ero 2)orf unb niele anbere ©tdbte 
merben non b* er au ^ m it Quaber=, ^flafters unb ©cbieferfteinen, mit 
£bon, ©neiS unb ©ranit nerfeben. SDie SSalber finb reidb an atterlei 

•ftu^b^- 

C3 bat eine Cifenbabnlange non 1000 3Jleilen. 

Stderbau unb s DWcberei bilben bie §auptbefdjaftigung ber !D7eF)r§a^t 
ber Cinmobncr. ©aneben beftef;en aber aucb gabdofe gfabrifen, in benen 
©eme(;rc, 9idbmafcbinen, SBanbubren, Ubren, ^efferroerfgeuge, ©ummi= 
maaren, ©eibe* unb SBodenroaaren, ©tiefet unb ©ebube, $utfd^en, Seber, 
©attlerroaaren, lanbmirtbfcbaftlicbe unb mecbanifd;e ©eratbe u. f. m. in 
grower !JJlenge bergeftedt roerben. 


144 


The States. 


Coasting trade and foreign commerce are important. 

There are many excellent schools of which Yale College at New 
Haven ranks first. 

The climate is severe, the winters being cold and the summers hot. 

New Haven, population 85,981, is the chief city and seaport of 
the State. Its inhabitants are mostly engaged in manufacturing. 

Hartford, population 53,183, the capital of the State is noted for 
its educational institutions. 

Bridgeport, New Haven, Norwich and Water bury are important 
manufacturing cities. New Britain, Middletown, Fairfield, Derby, 
Stamford, New London, and Norwalk are enterprising cities. 


THE JIVE MIDDLE STATES 

are bounded in the north by Canada, Lake Erie and Lalce Ontario, 
in the east by Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut and the 
Atlantic Ocean, in the west by Ohio and south by West Virginia and 
Virginia. 

Part of this section lies in the Atlantic Plain, the Atlantic 
Highland and in the Central Plain. 

Several chains of the Appalachian system are in New York, called 
the Adirondack and Catskill mountains ; in Maryland the Blue Ridge 
and in Pennsylvania the Tuscarora, the Blue and Alleghany Mountains. 

There is a long line of sea-coast and several navigable rivers 
traverse the country. The Erie Canal connects Lake Erie at Buffalo 
with the Hudson River at Albany. 

The winters are long and cold in the northern part and short and 
mild in the southern. 

The chief pursuits are manufacturing commerce, mining and 
agriculture. 

NEW YORK. (“ Empire or Excelsior State.”) 

Area: 49,170 square miles. Population: 5,250,000. 

New York has mountains with peaks of over 5000 feet high. The 
Blue ridge, Catskill and the Adirondack are noted for their picturesque 
scenery. They are covered with fine timber. 


O i e 6 t a a t c n. 


145 


2)er 5luften= unb ber auSlanbifcbe £>anbel finb febr bebeutenb. 

@3 befteben oiele auSgegeicbnete ©cbulen, unter bcnen ba3 5)ale« 
©pmnaftum ben erften 9tang einnimmt. 

$Da3 $lima ift ftreng, bie Winter finb febr fait unb bie ©ommerbeifi. 

9?ero §anen, mit 85,981 Cinroobnern, ift bie banptfacblicbfte @tabt 
unb ber befte ©eebafen be3 ©taateg. 

§artforb, mit 53,182 Cinroobnern, bie §auptftabt be3 ©taaieS, ift 
berubmt roegen feiner CrjiebungSanftalten. 

Sribgeport, 92ero §aoen, 9forroicb unb SBoterburp finb bebeutenbe 
fyabrifftabte. 5lud) -Iftero Britain, 9Jtibbletoron, ^airfielb, $)erbp, ©tarns 
forb, 9tero Bonbon unb formal! oerbienen al3 unternebmenbe ©tabtc 
errodbnt §u merben. 

2> i e fiinf mit ilex tn ©taaten 

finb im fftorben non Canaba, bem Crie= unb Ontario* ©ee, im Often non 
Vermont, ^affacbufettS, Connecticut unb bem atlantifcbcn Ocean, im 
SBeften non Ohio unb im ©tiben non 2Beft Virginia unb Virginia 
begrenjt. 

Son biefem Banbgebiet gebort ein STbeil bem atlantifcben £ieflanbc, 
ein anberer bem atlantifcben £ocblanbc unb ber 9ieft bem mittlercn £ief* 
lanbe an. 

Cinige CJebirg^iige ber Slppalacben fatten in baffelbe binein; fo in 
9tero £)orf bie 2lbironbacf3 unb Cat3ftll fountains, in 9Jtarplanb bie 
Slue 9tioge unb in ^ennfpfoania bie £u3carora unb bie Slue unb 
SUIegbanp fountains. 

2)a3 Banb b a * eine lange ©eefiifte unb mebrere fd^iffbare gliiffe. 
2)er Crie*Canal oerbinbet ben @rie=©ee bei Suffalo mit bem §ubfon bei 
Sllbanp. 

£)ie 2Btnler finb im norblicben £b e ife Inng unb full, i m fublicben furj 
unb milb. 

gabrifbetrieb, §anoei, Sergbau unb Sfcferbau finb bie §aupterndb* 
runggjroetge. 


fJlem 5)orf. („Seicb3s ober C£ceIfiors©taat".) 
gladbeninbalt: 49,170 Ouabratmeifen. Seoolferung : 5,250,000. 

9tero $orf b«t b°i) e Serge mit ©pi^en non liber 5000 gug §obe. 
SDie Slue 9?ibge, bie Cat3fill3 unb bic 2lbironbatf3 finb befannt roegen ibrer 
malerifcben ©cenerien unb ibreS oortrefflicben SaubolgeS. 


146 


The States. 


The principal rivers are the St. Lawrence, Niagara, Hudson, 
Mohawk, Genesee, Delaware, Susquehana and Allegheny. 

There are rich beds of marble and other building stone ; petroleum 
and natural gas is also found. 

Although mountainous, the soil is very fertile and produces 
excellent crops of wheat, corn, barley, buckwheat, hay, potatoes, 
cabbage and other vegetables and orchard fruits. Dairy farming is the 
most important; more butter and cheese is made here than in any 
other part of the Union. Large crops of hops and celery are also 
raised. 

There are many manufacturing establishments ; the chief articles 
are : cotton, wool and silk goods, machinery, pianos, organs, agricul¬ 
tural implements, sugar, starch, liquor, beer, boots and shoes, hardware, 
furniture, iron and steel and many others. 

There are also extensive nurseries in the State. New York ranks 
first in commerce and navigation ; there are many lines of steamships. 

There are over 8000 miles of railway and the numerous canals, 
the Erie Canal etc., are of great importance. 

There is an excellent schoolsystem. 

The State contains fine scenery and many curiosities : the majestic 
Niagara Falls, the Trenton and Genesee Falls, the Thousand Islands, 
a large number of lakes, the picturesque Adirondack mountains etc. 

The climate of New York is varied. 

The State is noted for its large and prosperous cities. 

New York, population 1,515,301, is the metropolis and chief 
commercial and financial capital and seaport of America. It is situated 
on Manhattan Island and defended by three .forts. The city is, 
connected with Brooklyn by an immense bridge, with the main land 
by bridges across the Harlem river, and with Long Island, New Jersey, 
Hoboken and Staten Island by steam-ferries. There are numerous 
elevated railways in the city and the finest steamboats in the world 
traverse the surrounding waters. 

On Bedloe’s island is the statue of liberty, by Bartholdi. There 
are very fine residences and edifices, erected of marble, brown sandstone 


$ i e 6 t a a t c rt. 


147 


£)ie bauptfadjlidjften gtiiffe finb ber ©t. Satnrence, ber Niagara, 
§ubfon, 9Jtof)arof, ©enefee, SDelatuare, ©uSquefjana unb SWegbenp. 

$>ie 23erge entljalten reic^e Sager con farmer unb anberen 23au* 
fteinen ; aud) petroleum *: v tb natiirlicbe§ ©a$ finr^en fid^ nor. 

©er 23oben ift, obfdjon bergig. ted) frud)tbar unb bnngt auSgegeidjs 
nete Grnten non 2Be»gen, r Jj£ai3, ©erfte, 93ud)toeigen, §tu, ^artoffeln, 
£ol)t unb anberen ©emiifearten unb non Dbftfriid)ten. $)ie ‘SDfalcbereien 
finb fef)r bebeutenb ; e3 tnirb J)tcr mef)r Gutter unb $dfe gemadjt al$ in 
irgenb einem anberen ©taate. Siufjerbem raerben grofie Grnten in §opfen 
unb ©ellerie ergielt. 

G$ befte^en niele gabrifen in bem ©taate, beren §auptergeugniffe bie 
folgenben finb : 33aumtnollen=, 2Qollens unb ©eibentnaaren, fDtafd)inen, 
pianos, Drgeln, 5lderbaugerdtbe, 3 uc ^ er / ©tarfe, Siquore, 33ier, ©tiefel 
unb ©d)uf)e, Gifer tnaaren, < JTiobeI, Gifen unb ©tal)l unb niele anbere. 

Sludt) eintge bcbeutci.be $flangfd;ulcn finb nor^anben unb, raaS §anbel 
unb ©d^ifffabrt angef)t, tnirb fftctn J)or! non feinern anberen ©taate iibers 
troffen. 

Ueber 8000 -JUteilen Gifenba^nen, niele fDampferlinien auf bem 5CReer 
unb ben gal)lreid)en Ganalen, non benen ber Grie=Ganal ber bebeutcnbfte 
•‘ft, bienen al3 23er!e^rSabern. 

2)a3 ©djulfpflem ift auSgegeicbnet. 

33on ben nielen Ianbfd)aftlid)en ©c^on^eiten unb fDterftnurbigfeiten, 
an benen ber ©taat reicf) ift, feien errndfynt: bie majeftatifeben Niagaras 
fade, bie £renton= unb ©enefeefdlle, bie ,,Xaufenb 3nfeln", eine grofje 
Slnjal)! reigenber ©eeen unb bie malerifdjen 5lbtronbad=33crge. 

^a§ $lima ift in ben nerfd)iebenen Sanbestfjeilen nerfdjieben. 

$ein ©taat bat foniele grofie unb bllibcnbe ©tdbte tnic 9tetn 9)orf. 
sftetn ?)or!, mit 1,515,301 Ginrnobnern, ift bie ‘JRetropolc, bie grofjte 
§anbel§= unb ginangftabt unb ber ftauptfeebafen non Slmerifa. G3 liegt 
auf ber fUtanbaitan^nfel unb ift nad) ber ©ecfufte f)in burd) brei geftungen 
gefdjiitjt. 5Jtit SBrooflpn auf Song ift e3 burd) eine ungeljeure 

§angebriide, mit bem geftlanbe burd) 23riiden tiber ben ftarlemflujj unb 
mit Song ^claub, fftem gerfep, £obofen unb ©taten S^lanb burd) ner= 
fdjiebcne $ampffdbren nerbunben. 3>n ber ©tabt felbft befinben fid) 
gablreidje ®od)&abnen unb bie febonften ^ampfboote freugen bie umgebenben 
©ernaffer. 

2J[uf ber 93ebloe’§ $nfel erf)ebf ficb, meitbin fid)tbar, bie 53artf;olbi’fd)e 
greibeitSftatue. $rad;tnolle Stefibengeu unb anbere ©ebaube auo ?.-tarmor. 


148 


The States. 


and brick; 386 churches of all denominations, 225 public schools, 
many academies, private schools, colleges and universities, art galleries, 
libraries, museums, theatres and the Central park, one of the finest in 
the country. 

The Croton Aqueduct supplies the city with pure water from 40 
miles distance. 

The fire department is excellent. 

Most of the immigrants land here and are well attended to by 
commissioners of emigration. 

New York is the leading city of the Union in its manufactures, 
and ranks first in commerce and navigation. 

There is a crematory on Long Island. 

There are published many daily, semi-weekly and weekly papers, 
a number of periodicals, magazines etc. 

Castle Garden is used as a depot for emigrants. 

Brooklyn, population 806,343, is called the city of churches, on 
account of its large number of churches. It has many beautiful 
residences and excellent literary and other educational institutions. 
There are also numerous manufacturing establishments, large ship-yards, 
planing-mills, breweries, foundries, and machine-shops. The Prospect 
park, covering over 550 acres, is a beautifully laid out pleasure ground. 

Grefenwood cemetery, “ the city of the dead,” is near by; there 
are interred over 225,000 bodies. 

Albany, the capital of the State, population 94,923, is an old 
city, the head of navigation on the Hudson river. 

Buffalo, population 255,664, Rochester, population 133,896, 
Syracuse, population 88,143, Utica, population 44,007, Troy, 60,956. 
Oswego, Auburn, Binghampton, Elmira, Poughkeepsie, Yonkers, 
population 32,033, Kingston, Newburgh, Long Island City are very 
important cities. 


NEW JERSEY. (“Jersey Blue.” 

Area: 7,500 square miles. Population: 1,250,000. 

This State is mountainous in the north; in the southern and 
eastern part it is a sandy plain and in the center it is a rolling country. 
Three mountain ranges traverse the State ; the highest elevation is found 
in the Blue Mountains ; the Palisades are from 300—600 feet high on 
the western bank of the Hudson River. 


O i e Staaten. 


149 


braunem ©anbftein tmb 23adfteinen, 386 Slirdjjen, 225 bffentlidfje ©djjulen, 
t)tele Slfabemieen unb ^rinatfcijulen, ©pmnafien unb Uninerfitaten, Shmft* 
galleriee.i, 33ibliotf)efen, -JJtufeen, Sweater unb ber (Sentral^arf, einer ber 
fd^onften im.Sanbe, tjerletEjert ber ©tabt iljr gro{iftdbtifdje3 ©eprage. 

$)er (Sroton=2lquabuft tjerfie^t biefelbe au3 einer (Sntfernung non 
40 -Uteilen mit 3Baffer. 

S)ie geuermeljr ift auSge^eidfjnet. 

33ei roeitem bie meiften (Smigranten lanben §ter unb tnerben non ber 
(Sintnanberunggs (Sommiffion bebient. 

9Rero -J)or! ift bie erfte gabrifftabt ber Union unb ftefjt audf), roa§ 
§anbel unb ©d&ifffabrt betrifft, obenan. 

(Sin Crematorium befinbet fidf) auf Song 3^ an b- 

SSiele tdglidje, Ijalbroodjentlicfye unb mbdfjentlidje geitungen unb eine 
!Dtenge non 3eitfd()iiften, -Jftaga^inen u. bergl. erfcf)eint in 91ern 5)or!. 

(Saftle ©arten bient al3 Sanbung3plap fur 3mifcf)enbeds(Simoanberer. 

23rooftpn, mit 806,343 (Sinraof)nern, mirb megen feiner grofjen 2ln^af)l 
$ircf)en audj „bie $irdjenftabt" genannt. (S3 Ijat niele pracf)tige 2Bof)n= 
l)dufer, auSgegeicfjnete literarifdfje Slnftalten unb anbere Crjie^ungginftttute. 
gaplreidfje gabrifen, groge ©djiffSbaubofe, §obeImii§len, 23rauereien, 
©iefjereien unb ^afdfjinenmerfftdtten befinben fid) fyier. $er $ro§pect= 
5$arf, meldfjer iiber 550 2lder umfajjt unb f)errlid)e Slnlagen entfyalt, ift ein 
gcfudjter 2Sergniigung3plap. 

3n ifjrer 9td()e licgt ber ©reenmoob=griebf)of, bie <Stabt ber £obten, 
mo liber 225,000 Seidjen beftattct finb. 

2Ubanp, bie §auptftabt be3 0taate§, mit 94,923 (Simnofjnern, ift eine 
alte 0tabt unb liegt am §ubfon, ba mo biefer aufljort fdjjiffbar gu fein. 

2lnbere ©tabte non 33ebeutung finb : Buffalo mit 255,664 (Sinrooljnern, 
9tocf)efter mit 133,896, ©pracufe mit 88,143, Utica mit 44,007, £rcp 
mit 60,956 unb Confers mit 32,033 (Simuof)nei-n, D3roego, Auburn, 
Singfjampton, (Slmira, $ougl)feepfie, ^ingfton, ^Reroburgl) unb Song 
$3lanb (Sitp. 


91ctu 3crfc|). („$5taue3 gerfep".) 
glacf)eninf)alt: 7,500 Duabratmeilen. SBenoIferung: 1,250,000. 

SDiefer ©taat ift gebirgig im 9?orben, im 0uben unb Often eine 
fanbige (Sbene unb in ber -Blitte medenfdrmige§ Sanb. 5Drei ©ebirgg^uge 
burd)laufen if>n. $)er Ijodfjfte $unt't liegt in ben Slauen Bergen. 35ie 
^aCifaben, 300—600 guj$ fyocf), bilben ba3 meftlidje Ufer be3 §ubfon. 


150 


The States. 


The principal rivers are the Hudson, the Delaware, Hackensack, 
Passaic, Raritan, Neversink and Chewisbury. The State has 120 miles 
of coast line. 

The soil in the valleys and in the central part of the State is very 
fertile and yields fine crops ; the sandy soil is well adapted to. vegetables 
and fruits. Iron ores, copper ores and zinc are found and worked 
successfully. There are immense deposits of pure marl, clay marl and 
shell marls, which are used in connection with other fertilizers. 
Potter’s and porcelain clay of excellent quality is found ; granite, 
sandstone, limestone and other valuable building stones abound in the 
quarries. 

The climate is healthy except in the malarious river-bottoms. 

New Jersey has many attractions, especially its sea-shore, where 
there are many resorts : Long Branch, Atlantic City, Cape May, 
Ashbury Park, Ocean Grove and many others. 

New Jersey has over 1800 miles of railway and two important 
canals. 

Marketgardening, mining of iron and copper, shad and oyster 
fisheries, fruit raising, garden vegetables and the growing of cranberries 
are the chief industries. 

There are also over 100 factories for silk goods, many cotton-mills, 
jewelry factories, flour and grist mills, brickyards and tile factories 
which employ thousands of hands. 

There are many good schools and colleges. Churches exist of 
every denomination. 

There are published many newspapers, English and German ; the 
total number of copies circulated exceeds 30,000,000. 

Newark, population 181,830, is the metropolis of the State. It 
has many manufactories and extensive mercantile, shipping, banking 
and insurance interests. Its improvements are of the highest character. 

Jersey City, population 163,003, has a large harbor and is the 
terminus of the trunk line railroads. It has several breweries and 
factories of almost every kind. 

Paterson, population, 78,347, is noted for its extensive silk 
establishments. 

Camden, population 58,313, situate on the Delaware River, is 
connected with Philadelphia by five ferries. Its number of manufactories 
is large; the ship yards, dry docks etc. employ many hands. 


2) i e 6 t a a t e n. 


151 


S)ic fjauptfadjfidjften gliiffe finb ber §ubfon, Matnare, §acfenfad, 
^affaic, Raritan, 9tenerfinf unb ©f)etni3burp. 2)er ©taat f;at 120 9fleilen 
^Iifte. 

&er 23oben ift in ben patent unb in bem mittleren £f)eile be3 
©taate3 fe^r frucgtbar unb liefert groge ©rnten. $)er fanbige £ljeil 
eignet fid) nortrefflidj fiir ©emiife unb Dbftjud&t. ©ifenerg, ^upfer unb 
3in! finben fidj nor unb roerben erfolgreid) bearbeitet. gcrner finb unge= 
geuere Sager non reinem OJtergef, Sebmmergel, -Jftufdjelmergel, roeld^e in 
33erbinbung mit anberem hunger gebraucgt tnerbcn, foroie £opfer= unb 
^or^edanerbe non norjiiglicger Qualitdt norganben unb ©ranit, ©anbftein, 
^alfftein unb anbere tnertgnode 23aufteine tnerben au3 gaglreicgen ©tetn= 
briicgen in s Utenge §u £age geforbert. 

©a3 $lima ift, abgefeijen non ben fieberifcgen glugtgalern, gefunb. 

9?etn Serfei; g<*t niele neijenbe fJSunfte, gauptfacglicg an ber $lifte, wo 
ficg niele befucgte Suftorte: Song 23rand), Sltlantic ©tip, $ap 9Jtap, 
Slfgburp Ocean ©rone unb niele anbere befinben. 

©3 gat liber 1800 9Heilen ©ifenbagnen unb groei wicgtige ©anale. 

©emiifegdrtnerei, ©ifen* unb Slupferer^minen, 2ttfen* unb 2luftern= 
fang, Dbfeucgt, ©emlife unb 5ftoo3beeren§ucgt bilben bie §auptertnerb3= 
gtneige. 

^n bem ©taat beftegen liber 100 ©eibenfabrifen, niele 23aummoden= 
fpinnereien, gurnelentnaarenfabrifen, ^Jtegl* unb 5daglmliglen, SBacfftein* 
unb 3iegelbrennereien, welcge Xaufenbe non Slrbeitern befdjaftigen. 

2)er ©taat gat gute ©cgulen unb ©pmnafien unb $ircgen jebe3 
©Iauben3befenntniffe3. 

$)ie bajelbft publijirten englifdjen unb beutfdjen 3 e ^ utl 9 en gabeit 
einen ©efammtabfag non 30,000,000 ©jemplaren. 

gtewarf, mit 181,830 ©inwognern, ift bie ddetropole be3 ©taate3. 
2)ie ©tabt gat niele gabrifen unb bebeutenbe §anbel3=, 23erfd,ufung3=, 
23anf= unb 23erficgerung3anftalten. ©eine offenilicgen 23auten finb nor= 
guglid^. 

gerfep ©itp, mit 163,003 ©inwognern, befigt etnen grogen £>afen unb 
ift ber ©nbpunft ber grogen ©ifenbagnlinien. ©3 fjat ntefjrere 23rauereien 
unb gabrifen non faft jeber 2lrt. 

dtoterfon, mit 78,347 ©inwognern, ift berligmt megen feiner unge* 
geueren ©eibenfabrifen. 

©amben, mit 58,313 ©inwognern, am Delaware, ift mit ^gilabelpgia 
burdj fiinf SDampffagren nerbunben. SDie 3af)l feiner gabrifen ift grog ; 
bie ©d)iff 3 tn erf ten u. f. to. befdjaftigen niele Seute. 


152 


The States. 


Hoboken, population 43,648, is connected with New York by 
several ferries. The North-German Lloyd and the Hamburg Ocean 
Steamers have their docks here. 

Trenton is the capital of the State; population 57,458. 

Elizabeth, Morristown, Millville, Bridgeton and Plainfield are all 
well noted for their manufacturing interests. 

PENNSYLVANIA. (“ Keystone State.”) 

Area: 45,215 square miles. Population: 4,300,000. 

This State is very hilly and mountainous, only the south eastern 
part is level. Ranges of the Appalachian system, as the Alleghany 
mountains, the Blue mountains etc. cover about one-fourth of the 
State. 

The principal rivers are the Susquehanna, Delaware, Alleghany, 
Monongahela and Ohio. 

The mountains are covered with excellent timber of nearly every 
variety except white oak. 

Minerals abound. Anthracite and bituminous coal and iron are 
found in great quantities; lead, copper, nickel and zinc ores are also 
mined. Petroleum seems to be inexhaustible. Natural gas is found in 
many regions and utilized. 

The climate is mild and the soil is very fertile and well adapted 
for agriculture; nearly 70 per cent of the land is under cultivation. 
All cereals, roots, grasses, flax, hemp, tobacco, grapes, apples, pears 
and peaches are produced in abundance. Stockraising and the dairy 
business is carried on successfully. The manufacturing interests of 
Pennsylvania are immense. Pig-iron, glass, railroad cars, locomotive- 
works, gunpowder, woolen goods of every description, drugs and 
chemicals etc. are the leading industries and give employment to many 
thousands of men. 

There are numerous canals and over 175 railroads. 

There are many excellent schools, colleges and universities. Many 
newspapers are published. 

Harrisburg, population 40,164, is the capital of the State. 

Philadelphia, population 1,044,894, is the chief city; its area is 
over 120 square miles. The most noted building is Independence 


2) i e © t a d t c it. 


153 


§obofe-», mit 43,648 ©inroobncrn, ftetjt mit Dlero §j)orf burdj t>tele 
^ampffdbren tit Serbinbung. 2)ie SJorbbeutfcbe Slopb unb bie §amburger 
Dceanbampfer babcn bier tfyre Skrften. 

Trenton, mit 57,458 ©inroobnern, ift bte §auptftabt beS StaateS. 
©lifabetb, Sttorristoron, OJtidnide, Sribgeton unb $Iatnfielb firtb 
rooblbefannte gabrifftabte. 

$cmtiDfoantcn. („Scbtu&fteinftaat".) 
glad^enin^alt: 45,215 Quabratmeiten. Seoijlferung : 4,300,000. 

SDiefer Staat ift fef;r bugelig unb bergtg, nur bcr fiiboftItd;e £beil ift 
flacfj. SluSlaufer beS StppaladjienfpftemS, roie bie SlCCeg^ang^cbtrge, bie 
Slauen Serge u. f. ro., nebmen ungefafyr ein Siertet beS StaateS ein. 

3)ie ^auptfdd)tid^ften gltiffc finb ber Susquehanna, ^Maroare, Sides 
gf)anp, Sftonongabela unb Dbio. 

2)ie Serge finb beroadjfen mit au3gegeid)netem Saubolg non faft fiber 
Slrt; nur bie SBetjjeicbe feblt. 

SJtineralien finb im Ueberftug norbanben. ©langfoble, erbpatgige 
$ol)len unb ©ifen roerben in grofeen Quantitiiten gefunben, unb aud; Slei-, 
^upfer=, Fidels unb ginlerge gegraben. petroleum fc^eint unerfdjopflid) 
3 U fein. ©benfo finbet fid; naturlid)e3 ©aS an uielcn ©teden unb roirb 
nuijbar gemad)t. 

SDaS $Uma ift milb, ber Soben fefyr fvuc^tbar unb gum Slderbutt 
geeignet. gaft 70 ^rogent banon finb angebaut. Side ©etreibeartcn, 
©rbfriicbte, ©rdfer, glad, 3, §anf, £abad, SBeintrauben, Slepfcl, Strncn 
unb Sfirfidje gebe.ljen nortrcfflid). Stud) Siebgucbt unb Sftild;ereien raerben 
mit grojjem ©rfolg betrieben. 3)aS gabrifroefen ftef)t in fyodjfter Stutlje. 
9tobeifen, ©laS, ©ifenbabnroagens unb Sofomotinroerfftatten, Sd)ie['>s 
pulner, SBodengettge jeber Slrt, SDroguen, ©bemilalien u. f. tn. finb bie 
§auptinbuftrien unb gerodbren STaufenben non SJlenfcben Sefdjdftigung. 
gablreidje Ganale unb 175 ©ifenbabnen burcbgieben ben Staat. 

©r befitjt niele norgiiglicbe Sdjulen, ©pmnafien unb Unioerfitaten, 
unb eine Slienue non geitungen roerben publigirt. 

§arrisburg, mit 40,164 ©inroobnern, ift bie §auptftabt beS StaateS. 
^bUabetpbia, mit 1,044,894 ©inroobnern, ift bie b ai iptfdd)licbfie 
Stabt. $)er glacbeninbalt biefer Stabt betragt 120 £htabraimeilen. 
£)a3 berubmtefte ©ebaube Pajelbft ift bie UnabbangigfeitSbadc, unb ber 
bortige gairmounts^arf ift ber fcbonfte ^parf in ben Sereinigten Staaten. 


154 


The States. 


Hall, and the 'finest park in the United States is the Fair mount Park, 
There is the United States mint and a navy yard. 

Pittsburg, population 238,473, is a large manufacturing city, and 
is a place of large foreign and domestic commerce. On account of its 
many factories the city has a smoky appearance. It contains a number 
of rolling mills, cotton mills, foundries, machine shops, furnaces, 
locomotive works, breweries etc. 

Alleghany, a beautiful city, is connected with it; population 
104,967. 

Reading, population 58,926, is an important railroad center and 
has many important factories. 

Scranton, population 83,450, is a large manufacturing and 
commercial place. 

Erie, population 39,699, on Lake Erie has large shipping and 
manufacturing interests. 

Altoona, Wilkes-Barre, Lancaster population 39,090, Norristown, 
Allentown, Williamsport, Chester, York, Pottsville, Easton, Titusville 
and many other important cities and towns are in the State. 

There are sections of the country where the people speak only 
German, although their ancestors came to this country many years 
ago; they are called Dunkers. Their German is not pure however 
and is greatly mixed with English words. 


MARYLAND. (“Oriole State.”) 

Area: 12,210 square miles. Population : 1,000,000. 

The surface of Maryland is gradually rising from the coast to the 
Alleghany Mountains. The Chesapeake Bay divides the State into two 
peninsulas ; it contains many islands. 

The chief rivers are the Potomac, Potapsco, Susquehanna and 
Patuxent. 

Its minerals are coal, iron, copper, granite, marl etc. There are 
vast forests which contain excellent timber. 

The soil consists of a sandy loam which must be fertilized if any 
crops are to be raised; the bottomlands are very fertile. 


$ i : Staaten. 


155 


S3efonbere (Srmdfynung oerbienen nocfj bie 9Sereinigten ©taaten=9JUinge unb 
bie ©cf)iffgroerfte. 

$itt§burg, mit 238,473 Gsinmofjnern, ift eine grojje gabrifftabt unb 
ein Drt non bebeutenbem augldnbifcfjem unb inlanbifcfyem §anbel. 2Begen 
feiner oielen gabrifen Ijat bie ©tabt ein raucfyerigeg 2tugfe(jen. (3g gibt 
bort bebeutenbe 2Balgmerfe, 53aummoftfpinnereien, ©iefjereien, 9JlajVbinen= 
merfftatten, ©djmelgofen, Sofomotiomerfftdtten, 23rauereien u. f. m. 

Stllegljanp, eine fdjone ©tabt, fjangt mit Pittsburg gufammen. @g 
f)at 104,967 Gsinmoljner. 

9teabing, mit 58,926 (ginmoljnern, ift ein micf)tiger @ifenbaf)npunft 
unb bat xriele bebeutenbe gabrifen. 

©cranton, mit 83,450 ©inmoljnern, ift alS $abrif= unb §anbelgftabt 
ebenfatlg non 3Sid^tigfeit. 

©tie, mit 39,699 ©inrooljnern, liegt am Gsriefluffe unb fjat bebeutenbe 
SBerfd^iffungS? unb §anbelgintereffen. 

Shifter oielen anberen ©tdbten oerbienen nocf) Slltoona, SBilfegbarre, 
Sancafter mit 39,090 (Sinmoftnern, Storrigtoron, SWentomn, 2GiHiam§port, 
(Sf)efter, g)orf, $ottgoille, Gsafton unb SHtugoille genannt gu merben. 

3n biefem ©taate gibt eg 2)iftrifte, mo bie Sente nur beutfdj fpredjen, 
obgleidj itjre SBorfatjren fcfyon nor mefyr atg 100, ja 200 ^aljren in oiefeg 
Sanb famen. ©ie merben „3)unfer" genannt. gljr ^Deutfd^ ift jebocfj 
nicf)t rein, fonbern ftar! mit englifd^en SBortern oermifdjt. 


9Jtartjfattb. („Driole=©taat.") 

gladjeninfjalt: 12,210 Quabratmeilen. 33eoolferung : 1,000,000. 

SDie Dberfladje SJtarplanbg fteigt non ber $tifte attmalig big gum 
SltfegftamjsGJebirge. 2)ie infelreic^e Gljefapeafe=23ai tfjeilt ben ©taat m 
grnei §albinfeln. 

2)ie §auptfluffe finb ber Potomac, ^atapgco, ©ugqueljanna unb 
^atujent. 

3Son 9flineralien finb oorftanben $ofjlen, @ifen, lupfer, ©ranit, 
sjftergel u. f. m. SDie ungefjeuren 28dlber entljalten auggegeidjneteg iBau* 

Wfr 

^Der 33oben befteftt aug einem fanbigen Seljrn, metier beg $)imgerg 
bebarf, urn ertraggfd^ig gu fein. Sim frucfjtbarften finb bie Stieberungen. 


156 


The States. 


The chief industries are agriculture, manufacturing, commerce and 
the mining of coal. All cereals, roots, vegetables, large crops of 
tobacco, peaches and other orchard fruits are the products. Oysters 
are found of excellent quality and in great quantity. The canning of 
oysters, fruits and vegetables is carried on very extensively; fish axe 
abundant. 

The low lands are miasmatic but the higher portions of the State 
are healthy. 

There are over 1,200 miles of railway. 

Maryland has excellent schools, academies and universities. There 
are published many daily and weekly papers. 

Baltimore, population 434,439, called the monumental city, is the 
metropolis of the State. Its public buildings are mostly erected of 
marble and its private houses of brick. It has some beautiful parks, of 
which Druid Hill Park contains 600 acres. 

Of the many charitable institutions the Peabody Institute is the 
most noted. 

Baltimore is an important seaport and has regular lines of European 
steamers. Its commerce is very extensive and important. Manufacturing 
of boots and shoes etc. is carried on to a great extent. Canning of 
fruits, vegetables and oysters; printing and publishing are important 
branches of industry. 

The exports consist chiefly of cotton, tobacco, grain, meat, cheese, 
rosin etc. 

The German population is large and controls a great part of the 
commerce and leading industries. 

Annapolis, population 7,625, is the capital of the State. There is 
the United States Naval Academy. 

Cumberland, population 12,729, is noted for its immense coal 
trade. 

Hagerstown is an important railroad center. 

Frederick, Cambridge, Westminster etc. are important towns. 


2) i e ©taatcn. 


157 


Die §auptbefd(jdftigungen ber ©intoopner finb 2lderbau, gabrifbetrieb, 
§anbel unb 33ergbau (®ople). 2We ©etreibearten, ©rbfriidjte, ©emlife, 
Dbft, ingbefonbere ^pfirficpe unb Dabad, ber reicpe ©rnten liefert, finb bie 
pauptfacplicpften Sanbegprobufte. Sluftern toerben maffentoeife unb in 
oorgtiglicpcr IQualitat getoonnen. ©ropartig ift ber §anbet mit einge* 
marten 2luftern, griicpten unb ©emiifen ; aud) gifd^e gibt eg im Ueberflup. 

Die 9lieberungen finb miagmatifcp, aber bie pofyer gelegenen Sanbegs 
tpeile finb gefunb. 

Dag ©ifenbapnnep umfapt ungefapr 1,200 3JleiIen. 

^ttarplanb pat augg^eicpnete ©cpulen, Slfabemien unb Unioerfitaten, 
unb eg erfdjeinen bafelbft oiele taglicpe unb todcpentUcpe 3eiturtgen. 

Baltimore, bie ©tabt ber 9ftonumente, pat 434,439 ©imoopner unb 
ift bie 9Jietropole beg. ©taateg. Die dffentlicpen ©ebaube finb meifteng 
aug 2ftarmor, bie ^rioatpdufer aug 33adfteinen aufgefiiprt. 3Son mepreren 
pcrrlicpen Marten ift ber Druib §itt $arf, toeld;er 600 2lder umfapt, ber 
gropte. 

33on ben oielen 2Bopttpdtigfeitganftalten, toetcpe bie ©tabt befipt, ift 
bag ^eabobp=3nftitut bag befanntefte. 

^Baltimore ift ein bebeutenber ©eepafen unb pat regelmapige Dampfs 
fcpiffoerbinbung mit ©uropa. ©ein §anbet ift fepr auggebepnt unb roicptig. 
Die gabrdation non ©tiefeln unb ©cpupen u. bergl. ift gropartig. 2(ucp 
bag ©inmacpen non gritcpten, ©emiifen unb 2tuftern foroie Drud unb 
SSerlag finb bebeutenbe ©efcpdftgjtoeige. 

Der ©sport beftept meifteng aug 23aumtootte, Dabad, ©etreibe, gleifcp, 
£dfe, i&ecp u. f. to. 

Die beutfcpe 23eodlferung ift ftar! unb ein groper Dpeil beg §anbelg 
unb ber §auptinbuftrieen liegt in ben §anben non Deutfcpen. 

Stnnapolig, mit 7,625 ©intoopnern, ift bie §auptftabt beg ©taateg. 
§ier betinbet fief) bie ^ereinigten ©taaten 3Jlarine=2lfabemie. 

©umbertanb, mit 12,729 ©intoopnern, ift beriipmt* roegen feineg 
^oplenpanbelg. 

£agerstoton ift ein toidjtiger ©ifenbapnpunft. 

Slnbere nampafte ©tabte finb greberid, ©ambribge, SBeftminfter 
u. f. to. 


158 


The States. 


DELAWARE. (“The Diamond State".) 


Area: i960 square miles. Population: 167,871. 


Delaware has a level, sandy surface; only in the northern 
portion it is undulating. It has no mountains and no large rivers, with 
the exception of Christiana Creek, which is navigable and the Delaware 
river and bay. Only one half of the land is improved and one fourth 
is wood-land; there are many swanps, in which mostly cedar and 
cypress grow. 

• 

There are about 350 miles of railroad. 

The chief industry is fruit growing and agriculture. Peaches, 
pears, apples, berries etc. are the staple fruits of the cereals, wheat and 
corn are the principal crops. 

There are several manufacturing establishments, of which fruit 
canning is the most important; there are some extensive car and 
locomotive works at Wilmington. 

The most important city is Wilmington, population 61,431. 

Besides these there are a number of extensive manufacturing 
establishments for building iron steamships, also flour, saw and powder 
mills, bricks, boots and shoes, cotton, wool, paper, machinery etc. 

There is a great deal of malaria in the southern part of the State, 
the northern part is more healthy. 

There are neither penitentiary nor insane asylum in the State. 

Dover is the capital of the State, population 3,061. 

Other important cities are Kent, New-Castle, Smyrna and Milford. 


2) t e <S t a a t e n. 


159 


$claftmrc. („£)er $)iamantenftaat".) 

f^Iad^entn^alt: 1,960 Quabratmeilen. Seoolferung : 167,871. 

^Delaware Ijat eine fiacre, fanbige, nur im 9Zorben eme raettenfortnige 
Dberfladje. G§ f)at feine Serge unb feine grofjen gliiffe, mit 2hi3na()me 
be§ fd^iffbarert GfjriftianasSad&S unb be3 MaroaresgluffeS, ber fic^ in bie 
gleicfjnamige Sutfjt ergiefct. 9Rur bie £alfte be§ 2anbe§ ift angebaut; ein 
Siertel baoon ift SSalblanb. G3 finb oiele ©iimpfe ba, in meldjen bie 
Geber unb bie Gppreffe gut fortfommen. 

Ungefaljr 350 -JReilen Gifenbaljnen finb im ©taate. 

®ie §auptbefctyaftigung§arten finb Dbft^ucfjt unb Sanbroirtljfcfjaft. 
$firficf)e, Sirnen, Stepfel, Seeren u. f. to. finb bie roid)tigften Dbft* 
unb Se^en unb -IRaiS bie ergie6igften ©eireibearten. 

£)a'§ Ginmacfjen non griicf)ten gefcf)ie[)t in qro&artigem ^Dtaftftabe. 
Son gabrifen gibt e§ in SBilmington, mefdf)e§ mit feinen 61,431 Gins 
modern iiberfjaupt bie bebeutenbfte ©tabt in bem ffeinen ©taate ift, e nige 
fefyr bebeutenbe Sofomotiomerfftatten. 

Stumer bteferte finb in bem ©taate meljrere GtabfiffementS oorfjanben, 
mo Gifenbampfer gebaut tuerben, forme 2Ret)Is, ©ages unb ^uloermrUjten, 
Sacffteinbrennereien, ©tiefel* unb ©cf)ul)fabrifen, SaummoUens unb 
SSoKenfpinnereien, ^apiermuljlen unb ^afcfjinenmertftdtten. 

GS fjerrfdfjt feljr niel 9Ralaria im fiiblidjjen SC^eite be§ ©taateS, ber 
norblicf)e £Ijeil ift geflinber. 

G§ gibt meber 3ucf)tfjdufer noctj $rrenanftaften in biefem ©taate. 

©oner, mit 3,061 Gintoofynern, ift bie §auptftabt be§ ©taateS. 

inhere nennenSroertlje ©tdbte finb $ent, SRem Gaftle, ©rnprna unb 
3Rilforb. 


160 


The States. 


THE SOUTHERN STATES. 

This large section consists of thirteen states and is situated south 
of the Central and Middle Atlantic States and the Ohio River between 
the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Mississippi River; 
three states are west of the Mississippi. 

The Alleghany Mountains, the Blue Ridge, the Smoky Mountains, 
and the Cumberland Mountains are in the middle and north eastern 
part. 

The surface along the coast is low and swampy; the portion west 
of it is sandy and towards the mountains the soil is good and fertile. 

There are numerous large, navigable rivers. 

The climate is various. In the northern part it is warm-temperate 
and in the southern semi-tropical. The winters are short and mild and 
the summers long and hot. 

The occupations are agriculture, manufacturing, mining, lumbering 
and commerce. 

According to the census of 1890 South Carolina, Mississippi and 
Louisiana, contained a larger number colored people than of white. 
Three fifths of the population of South Carolina are colored. The 
states Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina and Virginia, 
contained a colored element ranging from one third to one half of the 
population. The total population of these states was 21,008,243; 
namely 14,375,393 white; 6,621,962 colored; 8,207 Indians; 2,581 
Chinese and 100 Japanese. 

, It is a pleasing fact that this section of the country “the South” 
is rapidly recovering from the sequels of the deplorable war, which had 
devastated its extensive plantations and many cities and towns. A new 
era has begun. Vigorous, energetic efforts are being made to restore 
former prosperity. Its natural resources seem almost inexhaustible. 
While the area consists of 40 per cent woodland covered with the most 
valuable timber, as yellow pine and other varieties of timber, its wealth 
of iron ore, coal, copper etc. is enormous. 

The cotton crops, the production of iron, lumbering, manu¬ 
facturing, commerce and other industries have increased during the 
last ten years most remarkably. Numerous new railways have been 


2) i e ©taaten. 


161 


$ t c f ii b It d) c n ©taaten. 

SDiefer auSgebeljnte 2anbftricf) befteljt au$ brei^fjn ©taaten unb liegt 
fiiblidfj non ben Central* unb mittleren (at(antifd)cn) ©taaten unb bent 
Dl)io=gtufi, groifd^en bem atfantifdjen Ocean, bent CJolf non SHejtfo unb 
bent 9Jiiffiffippi=glu&. 2)rei ©taaten Itegen roeftlic^ nom $iiffiffippi. 

SDie Sltreg^ani), SBlue 9tibge, ©melp unb Cumberlanb 3Jtountain^ 
(©ebirge) burd^ieljen ben mittleren unb ben norboftlicfjen Sljeil. 

$)a$ £anb ift ldng3 ber ®iifte tief unb fumpfig, toeiter tneftlicf) fanbig, 
nacf) bem ©ebirge ju gut unb frucljtbar. 

3aljlreid)e fdjiffbare fjlitffe bernaffcrn baffelbe. 

$Da§ ®lima ift nerfdpeben. norblid)en Sljeile ift e§ gemajngt, im 
fiiblidjen femitropifcl). ®ie Winter finb fur§ unb milb, bie ©ommer tang 
unb fyeif*. 

SDie §auptbefd)aftigung§arten ber Cimnofjner finb Slderbau, gabrif* 
betrieb, 33ergbau, §ot-$anbel unb ©etnerbe. 

91ad(j bem CenfuS non 1890 ift in ben ©taaten ©libCarolina, 
•Jftiffiffippi unb Souifiana bie farbige 23enolferung ber rneifjen an 3 fl l)l 
iiberlegen. 3 n ©iib* Carolina finb brei giinftel ber SBenolferung farbig. 
gn ben ©taaten Alabama, gloriba, ©eorgia, 9torb*Carolina unb 3Sirginien 
gefybrt ein $)rittel ober bie §alfte ber Cinrooljnerfdfjaft ber fdjToarjen 9taffe 
an. SDie CJefammtbenblferung biefer ©taaten betragt 21,008,243, namlid) 
14,375,393 SBeifje, 6,621,962 garbige, 8,207 gnbianer, 2,581 Cljinefen 
unb 100 ^apanefen. 

Ce ift eine fefjr erfreulicfje £Ijatfacf)e, bafe biefer 2anbe3t()eil, „ber 
©iiben", non ben gotgen beS bellagenStnertljen $riege§, ber feine au3= 
gebefjnten ^lantagen unb niele feiner ©tabte unb ©tabtcfyen nerljeert fjatte, 
fo rafd) fid) erfjolt. Cine neuc 2lera ift bort angebrod;en. 9tacf)brudlid(je, 
tljatfraftige Slnftrengungen merben gemadjjt, urn ben einftigen 2Bof)lftanb 
tnieberl)erguftellen. SDie natlirlidjen §ilf§que(Ien fcfyeinen beinafye uner* 
fcfyopflidj. SBafjrenb bie, 40 ^ro^ent be3 2lreal§ bebedenben, ©albungen 
ba§ roertljnollfte 33au^olg, tnie „Celbe gidfjie" unb anbere SBauljol^arten 
liefern, birgt bie Crbe einen unermef$ltd)en 9teid^t§um non Cifenerg, 
$of)len, $upfer u. f. tn. 

Saumnjollenjudfjt, Cifenprobuftion, §ot-$anbet, gabriftfjatigfeit, 
§anbel nnb ©etnerbe Ijaben in ben letjten gef>n Sfcfaen einen Wft 
bead)ten§rnertf)en Sluffdpnung genommen. 3# retc fK neue Cifenbafynen 


162 


The States. 


built, which had great influence upon the increase of cities and towns, 
facilitating manufacturing, agricultural enterprises and commerce. 
Thousands of acres of land can be had at very low prices, thus offering 
immigrants the opportunity of securing a cheap home. 

In Virginia are two German societies, * 4 the German society of 
Petersburg” and “the German-American society of Virginia” at 
Richmond, which make it their task to promote immigration and offer 
aid to German immigrants. There is no cause of going to the far west 
if they can find here unsurpassed advantages, the land being cheap, 
the markets accessible and the climate healthy. 


VIRGINIA. (“Old Dominion.”) 

Area: 40,000 square miles. Population: 1,600,000. 

There are three mountain ranges : the Shenandoah, the Blue Ridge 
and the Alleghany mountains. Its largest rivers are the Potomac, 
James, Roanoke, Rappahanock, Shenandoah, Appomattox and New 
River. 

The mineral wealth of this State consists of iron, coal, some gold, 
copper, lead, zinc, marble, granite, limestone, brown stone, gypsum, 
plumbago, clays etc. Every variety of timber is found. 

The eastern part of the State consists of rolling land and the 
western is hilly and mountainous. She soil has been very much 
exhausted, by raising tobacco, but is very productive, if fertilized. 

Agriculture is the chief industry. Excellent tobacco crops, the 
cereals, roots, hay and orchard fruits are produced. Dairying and 
stockraising, manufacturing of prepared tobacco, flour mills, cotton 
factories, smelting furnaces etc. are part of the industries of the State. 

There is considerable game in the forests and the rivers contain 
excellent fish. 

There are some interesting natural curiosities in the State as the 
Luray Caverns, Natural Bridge, etc. 

There are over 2,600 miles of railway. 


Sic Staaten. 


163 


ftnb geBaut tnorben, unb bicfe BctBen, inbem fie gaBriftBdtigfeit, lanbroirtBs 
fcBaftlfcBe unb faufmdnnifcBe UnterneBmungen forberten, mieber Bebeutenben 
Gsinflujj auf ba3 -JSacB^tBum ber ©table unb gleden auSgciiBt. Saufenbe 
non 2ldcrn non 2anb finb §u BiEigcn ^Sreifen ju B<*Ben, moburcB @in= 
rnanberern bie ©elegen^eit geboten ift, ficB ein BiEigeS §eim $u nerfdBaffen. 

Sirginien Beftcljen groei beutfcBe ©efeEfdjaften, bie „Seutfdje 
©efeEfcBaft" non *pcter§Burg unb bie ,,Seutfcf)amerifanifdje ©efeEfdBaft 
non Sirginien" in ftiicBmonb, roelc^e e§ fic§ ^ur 2lufgaBe madden, bie 
©inroanberung §u BeBen unb beutfdjen ©inmanberern mil 9tatB unb S^at 
an bie §anb gu get)en. @3 ift gar fein ©runb norBanben, roeSljalB man 
meit nacB bem -JBeften Binau3gel)en foEte, menn man Bier bie grojdmoglicBeri 
Sortljeile tnie BiEigeS Sanb, leid^tjuganglid^e 9Karfte unb ein gefunbc§ 
$lima finben fann. 


Sirginten. („2Ilte ^Dominion".) 
glad^enin^alt: 40,000 Quabratmeilen. Senolferung : 1,600,000. 

2)rei ©eBirg^guge burdjjjieBen ben ©taat: ber ©fjenanboafj, bie 
Slue 9tibge unb ba§ 2lEegBanp=©eBirge. Sie grofjten S^ffe finb ber 
Sotomac, 3 ame§ / 9toano!e, SfappaBanod, ©Benanboal), 2lppomattor unb 
9tcrn ^iner (9£eue glujj). 

$)er 5Rineralreid;tl)um biefe3 ©taate§ Beftel)t in @ifen, $oBlen, etroa§ 
©olb, $upfer, Slei, Sinf, $tarmor, ©ranit, ^alfftcin, Sraunftein, ©ip§, 
SBafferBlei, nerfdjiebene Selpnforten u. f. ro. 2lEe 2lrten non Saul)ol§ finb 
nertreten. 

$)er oftlicBe S^eil be§ ©taateS ift meEenformige$ 2anb, ber meftlidje 
Bugeltg unb geBirgig. Ser Soben ift gmar burd) ben SaBadBau ftarf 
auSgefaugt, aBer fef)r fru^tBar, menn er gebungt mirb. 

gelbBau ift bie §auptBefdf)dftigung. 2lufjcr reicBen SaBadSernten 
merben nerfdjiebene ©etreibearten, ©rbfrud;te, §eu unb DBft ge^ogen. 
3Jtild^erei unb SieBgu^t, gaBrifen fur jebe 21 rt non SaBad^uBereitung, 
5Raf)lmul)len, SaummoEfpinnereien, ©cBmel^ofen, u. f. m. Befunben ben 
inbitftrieEen ©inn ber SemoBrter. 

$n ben SBalbern finbet man giemlicB niel SSilb unb bie gliiffe 
entBalten au^eicBnete gtfdfje. 

@inige 9taturmunber, g. S. bie 2urap=§oBle, bie natiirlidfje Srude 
unb niele anbere merben niel Befud^t. 

@3 giBt uBer 2,600 5CReilen (SifenBaBnen. 


164 


The States. 


The climate is mild; the summers are delightful in the mountainous 
regions. 

.Richmond, population 81,388, is the capital and metropolis; it 
was also the capital of the Confederacy. 

Norfolk, population 34,871, has an excellent harbor, which is 
guarded by Fortress Monroe and Fort Calhoun, and is a great 
commercial city. 

Petersburg, population 22,680, Lynchburg, Alexandria, Ports¬ 
mouth, Fredericksburg, Manchester, Winchester etc. are important 
towns. 


WEST VIRGINIA. (“Pan Handle State.”) 

West Virginia has 24,780 square miles and its population is 620,000. 

This country is hilly and mountainous, especially the eastern part 
of the State, which is traversed by ridges of the Appalachian system. 
The principal rivers are the Big Sandy, Great and Little Kanawha, 
Guyandotte, the Monongahela, the Ohio and the Potomac. 

The State owes its wealth to its rich coal and iron mines ; copper, 
zinc and lead are also found. Other minerals, such as potter’s clay, 
fire clay, ocher, building stones and saltpetre are produced in great 
quantities. Nearly two thirds of the State is covered with original 
forests, which contain every variety of timber ; the forests still abound 
with wild beasts, as the lynx, wild cat, panther, black bear, wolf, elk, 
deer etc. Rattlesnakes are numerous, the country being very wild. 

Mining, agriculture, stock raising, lumbering and manufacturing 
are its chief industries. 

There are several important railroads of over 1,000 miles. 

The climate is excellent; the summers especially are delightful. 

Wheeling, with 35,013 inhabitants, is the principal city; it 
contains extensive factories, employing many men. 

Martinsburg, population 7,226, is noted for its manufacturing 
establishments; Parkersburg for its oil refineries etc. 

Besides Charleston, the capital, there are Keyser, Huntington and 
many other flourishing towns. 


$)te ©taaten. 


165 


$lima ift milb; bie ©ommer finb reigenb in ben gebirgigen 

GJegenben. 

Sfacbmonb, mil 80,838 Gimoobnern, ift bie §auptftabt unb 9)tetropole 
beS ©taateS. Gs mar au<$ bie §auptftabt ber Gonfoberation. 

9forfolf, mit 34,871 Gimoobnern, bat einen auSgegeicbneten §afen, 
njeld^er burdb bie ^eftungen Conroe unb Galboun gefcbiitjt ift, unb ift eine 
grofce §anbel§ftabt. 

Petersburg mit 22,680 Gimoobnern, Spndfjburg, StleEanbria, PortS= 
moutb, grebericfsburg, 2Jtancf)efter, SBinc^efter u. a. finb gleicbfalls be* 
beutenbe ©tabte. 

2Bcfi;$trginten. („Pfannenftielftaat".) 

•J8efts33irginien ent^alt 24,780 BuabratmeUen unb Ijat eine 33eoolferung 
non 620,000 ©eelen. 

Sanb ift l)iigelig unb gebirgig, namentlidb ber oftlicbe ST^eil beS 
©taateS, toelcber non §b^enjugen beS 2tppalacbiens©pftem§ burcb^ogen 
toirb. 2)ie §auptfliiffe finb ber 33ig ©anbp, her ©roj$e unb $teine 
$anatcb<i, ber ©upanbotte, ber s JDfamongabeta, ber O^io unb ber Potomac. 

2 )er ©taat oerbanft feinen 9leidf)tf)um feinen reicben $obien= unb 
Gifenminen; audb $upfer, gin! unb 33lei finbet fidb oor. inhere 
fUtineralien, roie Xopfertebm, geuerlebm, Defer, 33aufteine unb ©atpeter, 
merben in grower 9Jtenge geroonnen. gaft gtoei SDrittel beS ©taateS ift 
nocb mit Urioalbern bebeeft, roelcbe atfe ©orten 33aubofy entbalten. 3 n 
biefen batten fidb uiefe roilbe &bi ere auf, 3 . 33. ber £ucb§, bie 3SiIbfa£e, ber 
Panther, ber febtoaqe 33ar, ber 2Bolf, baS Gtentbier, ber §irfdj u. f. to. 
2 fudb $lapperf<f)Iangen finb febr gablreicb, ba, mo bie ©egenb nocb toils ift. 

33ergbau, Sanbtoirtbfcbaft, 33iebsucbt, 33retterbanbel unb gabrifbetrieb 
finb bie beroorftecbenbften GrtoerbSstoeige. 

^Jtebrere toiebtige Gifcnbabnen, iiber 1000 3Jteilen lang, burcbfreujen 
ben ©taat. 

2 )aS ^lirna ift auSgegeidbnet, namentlidb finb bie ©ommer rei^enb. 

2B^eeItng, mit 35,013 Gimoobnern, ift bie ^auptfacblid^fte ©tabt. 
©ie belt bebeutenbe fyabrifen, melcbe oiele Seute befcbafiigeit. 

9JtartinSburg, mit 7,226 Gimoobnern, ift befannt toegen [einer gabrif* 
anlagen, ParferSburg raegen feiner Delraffinerien u. bergl. mebr. 

2luf$er ber §auptftabt Gbarlefton finb nocb ^epfer, §untington unb 
niele anberc bliibeube ©table bemerfenStoertb. 


166 


T h e States. 


NORTH CAROLINA. (“Tar State.”) 

Area: 52,250 square miles. Population: 1,000,000. 

The State is traversed by ridges of the Alleghany mountains in the 
west; it is partially mountainous in the east and in the centre it is 
hilly and near the coast low and swampy. 

There are numerous rivers, of which the Cape Fear, thfe Roanoke, 
the Neuse, the Tar and the Chowan are the largest, flowing into the 
Atlantic Ocean. Tributaries of the Ohio and Mississippi are the New 
River, the Little Tennessee and others. 

The forests contain every variety of timber according to their 
location. Coal, iron, copper, even gold, lead, zinc, platinum and 
mica are found; also very good building stones. 

Agriculture is the chief industry. The cereals, orchard-fruits, 
grapes, cranberries, cotton, rice, sweet potatoes and tobacco are the 
chief products. 

Lumbering and the production of turpentine, pitch, tar, rosin and 
cotton-seed-oil are the leading manufacturing industries. Valuable 
iron, coal and other minerals are mined. The coast trade and fishing 
are extensive. 

There are 2,000 miles of railway in the State. 

The climate is various. 

Raleigh, population 12,678, is the capital. Its principal city and 
seaport is Wilmington. Its population is 20,056. Manufacturing 
is carried on extensively. There are many other important towns in 
the Statje. 


SOUTH CAROLINA. (“Palmetto State”.) 

Area: 30,170 square miles. Population: 1,000,000. 

This country gently slopes from the coast towards the Blue Ridge 
Mountains, which are in the northwestern part; hence the surface is 
very diversified. There are many small islands near the coast, on 
which cotton of a superior quality is raised. 

Its minerals consist chiefly of granite, marble, gneiss for building 
purposes, iron, lead and gold, but no coal is found. 


$ i e ©taate it. 


167 


SR0tb=(Sarolma. („2)er S^eerflaat".) 
gldcbeninbalt: 52,250 Ouabratmeilen. 23enolferung : 1,000,000. 

SDer ©taat tnirb non 2lu3tdufern ber 2lttegbanp=©ebirge burdjfreugt, 
im SSeften ift er tbeihneife gebirgig, im Often unb in ber 9Jtitte bugelig 
unb an ber $iifte flacb unb fumpfig. 

Gr ^at gablreidje gliiffe, non benen ber Gape gear, ber 9loanafe, bie 
9?eufe, ber £ar unb ber Gbotnan bie grojgten finb. $)iefe mlinben in ben 
atlantifdjen Ocean. £)em O^io unb bem 9Jliffiffippi ftromen gu: ber 
9?etn Dttner, ber Sittle STenneffee unb anbere. 

®ie SBalber entfjalten je nacb i§rer Sage atte 2trten non 23aubolg. 
$ot)len, Gifen, ^upfer, fogar ©olb, 23lei, 3inf, ?piatin unb ©limrner 
toerben gefunben ; aucb febr gute 33aufteine. 

Sanbtnirtbfdjaft ift bie §auptinbuftrie. ©etreibe, Obft, ^rauben, 
•iJJtoosbeeren, SBaumtnotte, 9tei§, ©ujjfartoffeln unb £abad finb bie 
§auptbobenergeugniffc. 

3ugefd)nittene3 -ftutjbolg, £erpentin, ^ed;, ^^eer, §arg unb 23aum s 
tnotfenfatnenol finb bie tnic^tigften gabrifergeugniffe. £er S3ergbau forbert 
trefflid^eS Gifen, ^o§len unb anbere 9)fineralien gu £age. 2lud) ^itftens 
fjanbel unb gifcf)fang finb febr erbeblid). 

G§ befteben 2,000 Sdteilen Gifenbaljnen im ©taate. 

2)a3 $lima ift tnedjfelnb. 

Sftaleigf), mit 12,678 Gintnobnern, ift bie $auptftabt. $)ie baupts 
faddicbfte ©rabt unb ber §auptbafen ift jebocb SSilmington, eine tebbafte 
gabrifftabt mit 20,056 Gintnobnern. G§ gibt aber aucb nocb anbere 
bebeutenbe ©tabte im ©taate. 


©ubsGaroUna. („^almenftaat // .) 
glddbeninbalt: 30,170 Quabratmeilen. 23eoolferung : 1,000,000. 

liefer Sanbftrid) erbebt ficb aftmalig non ber ^tifte bi§ gu bem im 
norbraeftticben $b e M e Qelegenen 23tue 9tibge ©ebirge. ®a()er ift bie 
Oberfldcbe be§ Sanbe§ febr nerfdjieben. 2)er $iifte finb niele Jteine 
gnfeln norgetagert, auf tneldgen Saumtnodc befter Qualitdt gegogen tnirb. 

3Son 9Jlineralieu tnerben ©ranit, farmer, ©neifs fiir Saugmede, 
ferner Gifen, $5ki unb ©olb, aber feine toblen gefunben. 


168 


The States. 


There are numerous rivers, of which the Great Pedee, Santee,. 
Edisto and Savannah are the most important. 

The forests contain hickory, oak, but principally pine, and the 
palmetto, a species of the palm. 

Agriculture is the leading industry. Rice, cotton, corn, indigo, 
sugar, wheat, roots, tobacco, all kinds of fruits and vegetables for the 
northern market are raised; a great quantity of turpentine is also 
produced. Manufacturing has not received much attention yet. 

The climate is healthy except on the seacoast; snow and frost 
seldom occur. 

There are over 1,500 miles of railway. 

Charleston, population 54,955, is the most important seaport,, 
noted for its shipping of cotton and rice. In 1886 the city suffered 
very much from an earthquake, causing the loss of many lives and much 
property. 

Columbia is the capital with 15,353 inhabitants. Beaufort and 
Georgetown are ports of entry. Greenville contains some educational 
institutions. Spartansburg and Chesterfield etc. are important towns. 


GEORGIA. (“ Empire State of the South”.) 

Area: 58,600 square miles. Population: 1,600,000. 

The surface of Georgia in the northern part is mountainous, in the 
central part undulating and in the southern low and swampy. 

The principal mountains are the Blue Ridge and the Alleghany. 
The chief rivers are the Savannah, Chattahoochee, Flint and Altamaha. 

There are many fertile islands, on which excellent cotton is raised. 

Its mineral wealth is great; gold, copper, zinc, coal etc. is found 
but not many mines exist. Marble, gypsum, slate, barytes and many 
precious stones are found. 

One half of the land is covered with forests ; the timbers consist 
in the north mostly of hickory, oak, walnut, and in the south of pines, 
spruce, magnolia, cypress, wild orange, cane and other semi-tropical 
trees. There are the black and brown bears, deer, panther and wild 


2) i e ©taaten. 


169 


@3 gibt jaljlreidje fjluffe, oon benen ber ©reat $ebee, ©antee, ©bifto 
unb ©aoannaf) bie bebeutcnbften finb. 

2)ie SBalber entljalten ^idorpbdume, ©idfjen, aber namentfidf) Xannen 
imb eine ^almenart, toelcfye bie ^flaumenpalme f)eif$t. 

gelbbau ift bie oort;errfdfjenbe $3efd(jdftigung3art. 9tei3, 23aumtoolle, 
9M3, ^ubigo, guder, SBei^en, ©rbfriidjte, $abad unb aHe ©orten von 
Obft unb ©emiife roerben fiir ben norblicfjen 2ftarft ge§ogen. ©rofje 
Quantitdten non Xerpentin merben geroonnen. 3 m Uebrigen ift bem 
gabriftoefen nod; nidbt oiel Slufmerffamfeit jugetocmbt toorben. 

®a3 $lima ift, aujjer an ber ©eeflifte, gejunb; ©cf)nee unb ©is 
lommen felten nor. 

©3 befteben liber 1,500 Sfleilen ©ifenbal;nen. 

©fjarlefton, mit 56,955 ©imooljnern, ift ein bebeutenber, namentlidjj 
t>urd(j bie 23erfd()iffung non SBaumroolIe unb 9tei3 befannter §afenpla£. 
3m 3 a b r e 1886 Ittt bie ©tabt feljr burcfj ein ©rbbeben, meldjeS einen 
betracf)tlid(jen 23erluft non 9Jtenfd>enleben unb ©igentfjum im ©efolge Ijatte. 

©olumbia, mit 15,353 ©imool;nern, ift bie §auptftabl. Beaufort 
unb ©eorgetonm finb 9tegierung3l;dfen. ©recnoille fjat einige gute 
©r§iel)ung3inftitute. 2ludf) ©partanSburg unb ©fjefterfielb finb anfef;nlicf)e 
ipia^e. 


©corgia. („2>er 9teicbSftaat be3 ©iiben3".) 
gladjeninfjalt: 58,600 Quabratmeilen. 33eooIferung : 1,600,000. 

2)ie Dberfladfje non ©eorgia ift im norblidfjen St^eile gebirgig, im 
mittleren roellenformig unb im fiiblicfyen niebrig unb fumpfig. 

&ie l;auptfdcf)lid)ften ©ebirge finb bie 231ue 9tibge unb ba3 2Wegfjanp= 
gebirgc, bie §uuptfliiffe ber ©aoannal;, ©ljattal)oocf)ee, glint unb Slltama^a. 

©3 gef;oren oiele frudjtbare 3 n f e ^ ba^u, au f melc^en oorjliglid;e 
SBaurmoolle ge^ogen roirb. 

2>er $iineralienreidf)t§um be3 ©taate3 ift groft. ©3 finben ficl) 
©olb, $upfer, ginf, ^ot;Ien u. f. m., aber e3 finb nodf) nid)t oiele SDtinen 
oorljanben. 9Jtarmor, ©ip3, ©d^iefer, 33arpt unb oiele toertljooHe ©teine 
merben gefunben. 

$)ie §dlfte be3 2anbe3 ift mit SBalbern bebedt. 2)a3 SBauIjolg 
Befteljt im Oiorben meiftenS au3 §idorp, ©id^en, 9luj$bdumen, im ©viben 
au3 STannen, $ecf)tannen, ber OJtagnolia, ©ppreffen, milben Drangen, 
©4)ilf unb anberen §aIbtropifd)en SBaumen. $er fc^marje unb braune 


170 


The States. 


cat in the forests ; alligators, rattlesnakes and numerous other reptiles 
in the low lands which are'infested also with many kinds of annoying 
insects. 

The valleys are very fertile ; in the northern and middle part corn, 
rye, oats and other cereals are raised, also cotton, tobacco, rice, 
semi-tropical fruits and in the southeastern part all tropical fruits. 
Many mineral springs are in the State. 

The climate is almost tropical; in the south it is very unhealthy. 
In the south-east is the Okefinokee Swamp, with a circuit of 180 miles. 

There are 3,200 miles of railway. 

The chief industry is agriculture; there exist also numerous 
manufacturing establishments, as furnaces etc. 

Atlanta, population 65,533, is the capital and chief commercial 
city. Savannah is the chief seaport. Columbus is noted for its large 
cotton mills. Andersonville had the largest rebel prison during the 
rebellion. There are numerous other thriving cities and towns. 


FLORIDA. (“ Peninsula State”.) 

Area: 54,500 square miles. Population: 300,000. 

The surface of Florida is mostly level and the soil is very largely 
either sandy or swampy; there are no mountains, yet the greater part 
of the State is covered with vast forests of magnolia, pine etc. 

The principal rivers are the St. John’s, the Suwanee, the 
Appalachicola, the Chattahoochee, and the Escambia. There are a 
great number of lakes. 

South of the southern extremity is a series of coral islands called 
the Florida Reefs. There are also numerous islands on the eastern 
coast, some of which produce the famous sea-island cotton. 

Key West along the coast is a chain of reefs and islands, called 
“keys”. There are some bears, wolves, deer and other game in the 
woods. Reptiles are very numerous. 


3) i c ® t a a t e n. 


171 


Sar, ber §irfd), ber ^ant^cr unb bie 2 Bilbfa£e fyaufen in ben SBctfbern, 
2 tftigatoren, $lapperfd)Iangen unb ga^lretd^c anbere ©djlangen in ben 
Stieberungett, roetdje iiberbte^ non nielen 2 lrten laftiger ^nfeften beimgefudjt 
finb. 

$)ie Dealer finb fefyr frud;tbar. 3 m norblidjen unb miltleren Dfjeile 
inerben SJtaig, Stoggen, $afer unb anbere Oktreibearten, aud; Sauminode, 
Dabad, Steig unb femitropifcfje, im fiiboftlid)en Sljeile ade 2 lrten tropifdjer 
griid&te gebaut. ©g gibt niele SJtineralqueden in bent ©taate. 

Dag $lima ift faft tropifdj 3 U nennen; im ©iiben ift eg feljr 
ungefunb. 3 m fubdftlidjen ^^eile ift ber ©umpf Dfefinofee; 
Umfang betragt 180 SJteilen. 

@g befteljen 3,200 SJteiten @ifenbaljnen. 

Den £>aupterroerb 33 roeig bitbet bie Sanbinirtbfdjaft. 3 n ^ e ff en W* 
eg aud) nicfyt an gabrifanlagett, mie ©cbmeljofen u. bgL m. 

Atlanta, mit 65,533 (Sinroofjnern, ift bie §auptftabt unb roid)tigfte 
§anbelgftabt beg ©taateg. ©anannalj ift ber §auptfeef)afen. Columbus 
ift befannt tnegen feiuer Saumrnodenfpinnereien. 3 n Stnberfonnide befanb 
fid) mabrenb beg StebelUonofriegeg bag grofjte Stebedengefdngnijj. Slufser 
biefen f)at ber ©taat nod) eine Steilje anberer Miifjenber ©tabte auf= 
gutneifen. 


JJlottba. (,,^albinfelftaat".) 

gldd)eninf)alt: 54,500 Quabratmeilen. Senolferung : 300,000. 

Die Dberfladje non gtoriba ift meifteng flacb unb ber Soben 
grofetentljeilg fanbig ober fumpfig. Serge gibt eg nid)t, bod^ ift ber grogere 
D^eit beg ©taateg mit ungeljeueren 9 JtagnoIia= unb gid)temualbern u. f. in. 
bebedt. 

Die f)auptfad)lid)ften gluffe finb ber ©t. Sofjn’g, bee ©umanee, ber 
Slppaladjicola, ber (Ef;attaf)ooc^ee unb ber ©gcambia. 2 (ud) ©eeeu gibt eg 
in grower 2 lngab)L 

Der au^erften ©iibfpitje gegenuber liegt etne Steilje non $oraden= 
infeln, bie „gloriba gei'fenriffe" genannt. 2ludj ber Dftfufte finb 
mebrerc Snfeln norgelagert, non benen einige bie berii^mte ©eeinfel= 
baumtnode Ijeroorbringen. 

Slufjerbem um^ie§t bie $iifte eine $ette non Stiffen unb 3nfeld)en, bie 
fogenannten „©djluffel". 3 " *>en SSdlbern gibt eg Sdren, SBfilfe, 
§irfd;e unb anbereg SBilb. ©djlangen finb feljr safjtreidjj. 


172 


The States. 


The climate is excellent; snow is not known. It is a favorite 
place for invalids in winter. 

Coal, ochre, amethyst etc. are found to some extent. 

The chief attraction of Florida, and its great source of wealth, is 
its numerous orange orchards or groves. Rice, tobacco, cotton, corn, 
sugar-cane, indigo, the coffee plant and tropical fruits are cultivated, 
such as oranges, lemons, limes, pine-apples, olives etc. Fine sponges, 
which grow along the reefs, are gathered here. 

Florida has over 1,600 miles of railway. 

There are not many private schools in Florida. 

Key West on Key West Island is the largest city in Florida, and 
the most southern city in the United States. 

Jacksonville, population 17,201, is the metropolis of the State. 
It is a handsome city, contains many hotels, schools, churches, banks, 
newspapers and is the commercial center of Florida. Pensacola with a 
very fine harbor, is an important city. St. Augustine, the oldest 
city in the United States and Fernandina are cities of importance. 

Tallahassee is the capital of the State. 


KENTUCKY. (“Corn Cracker State’'.) 

Area: 40,400 square miles. Population: 1,750,000. 

The surface is rolling, hilly and mountainous. The principal 
rivers are the Mississippi, Ohio, Tennessee, Big Sandy, Cumberland, 
Kentucky, Green and Salt River. 

A great variety of timber is found in the extensive forests. 

Coal and limestone formations abound and salt springs are 
frequent. 

The Mammoth Cave is one of the wonders of the world. 

The soil is mostly fertile, producing nearly all the cereals. Tobacco 
is one of the staple products. 

Kentucky is noted for its fine horses and cattle. But little cotton 
is grown. 


Die © t a a t c n. 


173 


SHima ift auSge^eicbnet. ©df)nee ift gan^licb unbefannt. $»n= 
folgebeffcn ift gloriba im ©inter ein gefucbter 9(ufentljaIt3ort fur frdnflicbe 
^erfonen. 

.ftoblen, Defer, Slmetbpfte u. f. ro. roerben gefunben, roenn aucb niebt 
tn grower ©enge. 

$>ie grijfcte Sfttraftion $loriba§ unb feine grofcte SfteidjjtIjumSquelle 
finb bie ^ablreicbcn Drangengartcn unb ftaine. Sfate, Dabacf, 33aumroolIe, 
©ai3, 3 uc frrrobr, Snbigo, $affee unb tropifetje grudge, j. 33. Drangen, 
Sitronen, Simonen, 2lnana3, ©linen u. f. ro., gebeiben f)ier. 2ln ben 
Stiffen, roo fie roacbfen, raerben feine ©dfjnnimme gefammelt. 

Jloriba !jat iiber 1,600 ©eilen ©ifenbabnen. 

33iele ^rtoatfdfmlen gibt e§ in biefem ©taate nid(jt. 

$ep ©eft, auf ber $ep ©eft Snfel, ift bie grofcte ©tabt in gloriba 
unb bie fiiblicbfte in ben 33ereinigten ©taaten. 

^acffonmlle, eine biibfdje ©tabt mit 17,201 ©inroobnern, nielen 
§otel?, ©cbulen, $irdjen, 33anfen unb geitungen, ift bie ©etropole unb 
ber ©ittelpunft be§ ©taate§. ^penfacola, mit einem fdf)onen §afen, ift 
eine roidf)tige ©tabt. ©t. 3fuguftine, bie dttefte ©tabt ber 33ereinigten 
©taaten, unb gernanbina finb bebeutenbe ©tdbte. 

Dallabaffee ift bie §auptftabt be§ ©taate3. 

jfrntiufty. („©ai§fnacferftaat".) 
glacbeninljalt: 40,400 Quabratmeilen. 33enotferung : 1,750,000. 

D)ie Dberftacbe ift meffenformig, ^iigelig unb gebirgig. Die §aupt* 
fliiffe finb ber ©iffiffippi, Dfjio, Denneffee, 33ig ©anbp, ©umberlanb, 
$entucfp, ©reen unb ber ©abtflufj. 

3n ben au§gebebnten ©albungen roadfjft 33auIjoIj$ in grower ©annig* 
faltigfeit. 

$obIen* unb $alffteinlager finb in ©enge norbanben unb ©a^quellen 
bdufig. 

<Die ©ammutb=§obfe ift einS ber ©unber ber ©eft. 

2)er 33oben ift meiftenS fruebtbar unb bringt faft affe ©eireibearten 
bernor. ©in§ ber §auptbobenerjeugniffe ift Dabacf. 

$entucfp ift beriibmt megen feiner au§gegei<f)neten $ferbe unb Stinber. 
SBaumroolIe mirb nur menig gebaut. 


174 


The States. 


Kentucky has many distilleries, breweries, flour mills, saw mills, 
foundries and other manufacturing establishments. 

The climate is healthy and delightful. 

There are many important railroads. 

The State has many public institutions, schools, religious 
organizations, newspapers and periodicals. 

Frankfort, population 7,892, is the capital of the State. 

Louisville, the metropolis, population 161,129, * s a very handsome 
city and a very important railroad center. It is the largest tobacco 
market in the world, has many distilleries, breweries, meat packing 
houses and other factories. 

Newport, Covington, Lexington, Henderson, Bowling Green, 
Hopkinsville are cities of large manufacturing interests. 


TENNESSEE. (“ Big Bend State.”) 

Area: 42,000 square miles. Population: 1,650,000. 

The Cumberland and Smoky Mountains are in the eastern part of 
the State. The chief rivers are the Tennessee and the Cumberland. 

The country is uneven and mountainous. The State is well 
timbered with black walnut, cedar, pine, sugar-maple, oak etc. and the 
forests contain many wild beasts and game, bears, deer, wild cats, 
foxes etc. 

Coal and iron are extensively mined. Marble of great beauty is 
found. 

The soil of the valleys is very rich, producing enormous crops of 
cereals, cotton, tobacco, peanuts, hemp, flax, broomcorn, hay, fruits 
etc. The country is rich in cattle ; sheep, hogs and horses are raised 
enormously. There are many mills of every description, smelting 
works, foundries and other manufacturing establishments. 

There are about 2,200 miles of railway. 

The climate is very healthy ; the winters are very mild and the 
summers are not hot. 

The educational institutions are of a high character. Many daily 
and weekly papers are published. 


$>ie ©taatert. 


175 


@3 gibt bort tnele SDeftillerien, 33rauereien, 9ftabhnublen, Sage= 
miiblen, ©ieftereien unb anbere gubrifanlagen. 

$)ag $lima ift reigenb unb gefunb. 

33ebeutenbe ©ifenbabnen erleidfjtern ben 33ertebr. 

2)er 0taat I)at oiele offentlidfje Snftitute, ©ctjulcn, religiofe Dr= 
ganifationen, 3ei*ungen unb 3eitfd(jriften. 

granffort, mit 7,892 ©inraobnern, ift bie §auptftabt beg Staateg. 
Souigoifte, bie 9jietroqoIe, mit 161,129 ©inroobnern, ift eine fcf)one 
©tabt unb ein nricf)iiger ©ifenbabnmittelpunft. ©g' bat ben grofjten 
£abacfgmar!t in ber 2Belt, oiele $)eftiDferien, 33rauereien, gleifdf)t>ers 
pacfunggfyaufer unb anbere gabrifen. 

Gsbenfo finb ^eroport, Bonington, Sejington, §enberfon, ^Bonding 
©reen unb §opfingtrilIe grojje g-abrifftabte. 


^cnttcffcc. („©rof$er 33ogenftaat".) 
gladfjeninbalt: 42,000 Quabratmeilen. 33eoolferung: 1,650,000. 

$)ag ©umbertanb= unb bag 0mo!p=©ebirge finb im oftlicfjen ^eife 
beg Staateg. ®ie §auptf(iiffe finb ber £enneffee unb ber ©umbertanb. 

©ag Sanb ift uneben unb gebirgig. &er ©taat ift gut mit 33aubolg 
uerfe^en ; ba^in ge^oren : ber fdfjnmr^e 2Baffnuf$baum, bie ©eber, bie 
§icf)te, ber 3 U( ^ era ^ orn / bie @icbe u * f- ro. &ie 3Salber bergen oiele rotfbe 
^^iere unb SBilb, g. 33. 33dren, §irfdfje, 2BiIb!a§en, gudfjfe unb anbere. 

^of)Ien= unb ©ifen=33ergroerfe finb in 9ftenge oorbanben unb 9Jtarmor 
non grower ©cbonbeit mirb bier gebrodfjen. 

5)er 33oben in ben £b<*i ern ift feb r *eidf; unb bringtungebeuere ©rntcn 
non ©etreibe, 33aumrootfe, £abad, ©rbniiffen, §anf, glaring, ©infter / 
9Jtaig, fteu, Dbft u. f. to. beroor. 2)ie 0cbaf=, ©d)n>eine unb $ferbe= 
gudfjt rairb in grofeartigem ^Jtaftftabe betrieben. Side Strten non 9JtiibIen 
trifft man an, audb ©cbmetgofen, ©iejsereien unb anbere gabrifanlagen. 

$ie ©efammtlange beg ©ifenbabnne^eg betragt ungefabr 2,200 
9tteilen. 

$)ag £lima ift fe^r gefunb; bie SSinter finb febr milb unb bie 
(Sommer nidjt ^ei§. 

SDie ©rgiebungganftalten b<*ben etnen febr guten ^uf, unb eg erfdfjeinen 
otele tdglicbe unb mod^entlid^e 3eitungen. 


176 


The States. 


Nashville, the capital of the State, has 76,168 inhabitants. 

Memphis, population 64,495, most important city on the 

Mississippi, between St. Louis and New Orleans. It contains many 
factories and commands great commerce. 

Next important is Chattanooga on account of its iron-works and 
coal market. There are many other flourishing towns, as Knoxville, 
Murfreesboro, Clarksville, Columbia etc. 

ALABAMA. 

Alabama contains 52,250 square miles. Population: 1,300,000 

It is bounded on the east by Georgia, on the west by Mississippi, 
on the north by Tennessee, and on the south by Florida and the Gulf 
of Mexico, having a gulf coast of sixty miles. 

This State is of a level surface, except in the northern portion 
which is mountainous, the Blue Ridge extending through it. Almost 
the whole State presents a vast expanse of prairies with gentle swells. 

There are many navigable rivers among which the Alabama, the 
Tombigbee and the Black Warrior are the most important. 

In the southern part of the State are extensive pine forests, 
yielding excellent timber, tar, and turpentine, while on the low lands 
along the rivers are found different varieties of oak and the cypress. 

The soil in this region is especially adapted for raising grapes, 
apples, peaches and pears; also corn and cotton may be produced. 
An abundant supply of fish and oysters is obtained from the waters of 
the Gulf and Mobile Bay. 

North of this section are extensive prairies, an excellent climate 
and rich soil, which is highly productive of cotton, corn and provisions. 
This is one of the most fertile districts, most healthy and best adapted 
to agricultural pursuits of any in the South, while by its railroad and 
river facilities it has easy access to market. 

The land here will produce from 50-60 bushels of corn, or 800 to 
900 pounds of cotton per acre, and tracts which, before the late war, 
were held at from $30 to $50 per acre may now be had at from 
$5 to $10. 


2) i e 0 t a a t c n. 


177 


9taf(joille, bie §auptftabt be§ ©taate3, Ijat 76,168 Gsinroofjner. 

Memphis, mit 64,495 (Eintnofjnern, tft bie roid)tigfte ©tabt am 
Miffiffippi gtnifdjen ©t. 2ouiS unb 9!etn Orleans. @3 l)at niele gabrifen 
unb einon lebljaften §anbel. 

®ie nad>ftbebeutenbe ©tabt ift (Ebattanooga, oa3 rncgen feiner (Eifens 
tnerfe unb feine3 $ol)lenmarfte3 beriif)mt ift. 33 on nielen anbeten blu^ent>en 
©tabten feien nod) enoafjnt: ^nojnille, Murfreesboro, (Elarfgnitle unb 
Columbia. 


Alabama. 

Slfabama entljalt 52,250 Duabratmeilen unb ^at 1,300,000 (Eimnol)ner. 

(E3 tnirb im Often non (Georgia, im Meften non Miffi "ippi, im 9?orben 
non £enneffee unb im ©iiben non fyloriba unb bcm ©olf non Mejrifo 
Begrengt. 

2)er ©taat ift eben, auSgenommen im 9?orben, ben bag 33lue 9iibge 
©ebirge burdjgief)t. fjaft ber gange ©taat ftellt eine unenbltd)e gladje non 
^rairien mit leidjten tnellenfonmgen SBobenanfdjrnellungen bar. 

Unter ben nielen fd)iffbaren gliiffen finb ber Alabama', berXombigbee 
unb ber 33lad SBarrior bie bebeutenbften. 

!Jm fliblic^en ST^eile be§ ©taateg finb unaeljeuere Jiddenrndlber, 
tceld)e auggegeidjneteg § 0 ( 3 , Sheer unb Serpentin liefern, tnabrenb in ben 
9iieberungen langg ber gliiffe niete (Eid)enarten unb bie (Eppreffe madjfen. 

Ser 23oben in biefer ©egenb ift befonberg fiir Srauben, Slepfel, 
^3firfid)e unb 33irnen geeignet; audj Maig unb 33auminolte tnerben gebaut. 
(Eine reid)lid)e Menge non gifdjen unb Sluftern bieten bie ©ernaffer Deg 
©olfeg unb ber 23ud)t con Mobile. 

S&eiter norblicf) liegen ungeljeuere ^rdrieen, in beren fettem 33 oben 
unter einem auggegeidineten $lima SBaumtoolle, Mais unb ©emiifearten 
nortrefflicf) gebeifyen. Siefeg ift etner ber frucbtbarften, gefiinbeften unb fiir 
£anbtnirtl)fd;aft geeignetften Stfftrifte beg ©iibeng, in Dem aud) infolge ber 
nielen glufjnerbinbungen unb beg nielnergineigten (Eifenbabnneigeg liberal! 
leiddguganglidje Marfte gu finben finb. 

Sag Sanb bringt fjier 50—60 23ufl)el Maig, ober 800 big 900 
$funb SBaumtnolIe per 2 lder pernor, unb Sanberftreden, bie nor bem 
$riege gu $30 big $50 per 2lder nid)t feil raaren, fann man je£t fiir $5 big 
810 baben. 


178 


The States. 


North of this section the soil is poor; yet the climate is very 
healthy. 

In the north-eastern part of the State is the mineral region. Here 
are found white, black and variegated marbles, soapstone, flagstone, 
graphite and plumbago, granite and coal (bituminous) ; there are also 
extensive beds of limestone, sandstone and iron-ore. Throughout this 
mineral district are numerous fertile valleys, in which wheat, corn and 
cotton are produced and which are well adapted to stock-raising. 

The northwestern part of the State is a stock and agricultural 
region, producing cotton, corn, grain, grapes and stock. 

Alabama has almost every variety of useful timber. In agriculture 
it holds a high rank and manufacturing and mining is carried on 
extensively. It is highly improved, yet has low-priced lands ; thus it 
presents great inducements to immigration, especially to Germans who 
are greatly desired. The United States retain public lands to the 
extent of 5,000,000 acres, all of which has been surveyed and is open 
to entry under the homestead law. 

The climate is healthy and the soil rich. 

The State has many schools, churches, newspapers etc. 

The railroads present a very complete system. 

The principal city is Mobile, the only seaport of Alabama, on 
Mobile Bay. Its population is 31,076. The city is well built and has 
some extensive trade and manufacturing business. It exports lumber, 
turpentine, rosin, oil etc. but cotton is the principal article. 

Montgomery is the capital of the State. Population: 21,790. 
There are some foundries, saw-mills, marble yards ; cotton is extensively 
shipped. 

There are many other important places, as Tuscaloosa, Wetumpka, 
Huntsville, Marion, Jacksonville, Talladega, Eufaula, Tuscumbia etc. 


MISSISSIPPI. (“ The Bayou State.”) 

Area: 46,340 square miles. Population: 1,200,000. 

The surface of this State is undulating, with but small elevations ; 
it is very fertile, with river-bottoms or valleys of great productiveness. 


2) i e (Staatcn. 


179 


DZorblidj oon biefent 33e§irf ift ber 33oben mager, bag $Uma jebod[) 
?ef)r gefunb. 

$)er norboftlid;e £f;eit beg ©taateg ift bie DJtineraliengegenb. §ier 
finben fid; toeifcer, fcfjtoarser unb bunter ^Jlarmor, ©eifenftein, ^ftafter* 
ftein, ©rapl;it, Steifcblei, ©ranit unb erbljar^ige $of)len. 2lud) ungeljeuere 
Sager non $alfftein, ©anbftein unb ©ifenerj finb oorfyanben. 3 m gcmjen 
3ftineralienbiftrift finb saf;lreid;e frudjtbare Staler, in toetdfjen SSei^en, 
9J?aig unb SBaumtoode gebaut toerben, unb bie fid) audj oorgiiglidj fiir 
SBieljsudjt eignen. 

2)er norbroeftlid^e Sljcd beg ©taateg ift eine 35ie^§uc^t= unb 2lderbau= 
gegenb unb XBaumtoode, 9Jtaig, ©etreibe, £rauben unb 23iefj finb bie 
nridfjtigften Sanbegerseugniffe. 

Alabama f)at faft jebe 2(rt niitjlidfjen SBaufjoljeg. SDer 2lderbau ftef)t 
fefjr f;odfj unb gabrifen unb Sergbau toerben in grojiartigem 5ftaf$ftabe 
betrieben. 2)ag Sanb ift fel;r tool;! cultioirt, aber bidig. £)afjer bietet eg 
(Sintoanberern, namentlicf) $Deutfdj;en, bie feljr getoiinfd()t toerben, grofce 
$Bortf;eile. 2)ie 33ereinigten ©taaten befi^en nocf) offentlicfye Sanbereien 
im Setrage non 5,000,000 2lder, toelcfje ade oertneffen finb unb nad) Pern 
§eitnftdttegefe£ in 23efi£ genommen toerben fonnen. 

2)ag $lima tft gefunb uni) ber Soben ergiebig. 

2)er ©taat fyat oiele ©d;ulen, Stirdljen, 3ehungen u. f. to. 

2)ie ©ifenb'afjnen fteden ein oodftdnbigeg ©pftern bar. 

£)ie ^auptfad)lid^fte ©tabt ift Mobile, ber eingige ©eebafen SUabatnag 
an ber 2dobi(e=Sud^t. @g l;at eine SBeoolferung non 31,076. SDie ©tabt 
ift gut gebaut unb Ijat bebeutenbe §anbe(gs unb gabrifgefdfjafte. ©ie 
ejportirt Sau^olj, £erpentin, $oIop()onium, Dele u. f. to., aber 23aumtoode 
ift ber §auptoerfanbtartifel. 

■Jftontgomert;, mit 21,790 ©imoofynern, ift bie §auptftabt beg ©taateg. 
§ier gibt eg meljrere ©iefcereien, ©dgemtifjlen, 9fJiarmortoer!ftdtten ; gugleic^ 
ift bie ©tabt ein toidjtiger 9Serfanbtpla£ fiir 23aumtoode. 

@g finb nod; anbere bebeutenbe $la£e ba, toie Sdtgcaloofa, SSetumpfa, 
§unigoidc, SJtarion, S^fanoide, Sedabega, (Sufaula, Xugcumbia u. f. to. 

SDliffifftpjit. (,,SDer 23apouftaat".) 

§lacf)eninr;alt: 46,340 Quabratmeilen. SBeoolferung: 1,200,000. 

£)ie Dberflad;e biefeg ©taateg ift toedenfortnig mit nur geringfugigen 
@rfycbungen. 2)er 23oben ift fef;r ergiebig, gan§ befonberg in ben gtufcs 


180 


The States. 


The sea-coast is sandy, but well timbered with live oak, magnolia and 
pine and is considered one of the most healthy districts in the world. 
In its forests are found the deer, puma, wolf, bear, wildcat, wild 
turkey and pigeons ; there are plenty fish and alligators in the rivers. 

The State has immense wealth and resources. It has the largest 
cotton-growing area in the Union. Rice, sugar and sweet potatoes are 
also produced. The raising of early fruit and vegetables for the 
northern markets has proved very profitable. Many tropical fruits 
grow in abundance. Horses, mules, swine and cattle are extensively 
raised. There is but little manufacturing. The labor is performed by 
colored persons. 

Large beds of pipe clay, of great purity, and Potters’ and crucible 
clays are found. 

The climate is very mild, and snow and ice are unknown. The 
summers are long and hot. 

Railways are numerous. 

There are about ioo newspapers published in the State. 

Jackson, population 6,041, is the capital of the State. 

Vicksburg, population 13,373, is a port of entry ; Meridian and 
Natchez are the most important cities. 

Other important towns are Port Gibson, Holly Springs, Aberdeen, 
Columbus, Mississippi City, Shieldsboro etc. 

The German population in this State is very small. 


LOUISIANA. (“Creole State.”) 

Area: 46,000 square miles. Population: 1,000,000. 

This State is of a low surface, generally level, having some hilly 
elevations and many basins or depressions of soil and sea marsh. A 
great portion of the land being only 10 feet above the sea, is subject to 
overflow. 

The principal rivers are the Mississippi, Red river and the Washita. 
There are numerous bays and inlets on the coast, and lakes in the 
interior of the State. 

Louisiana is well supplied with minerals ; coal, iron, lead, copperas, 
copper etc., and even petroleum existing in many places. 


35 i e ©taaten. 


181 


griinben ober Dfjalern. Die 0eefiifte iffc fanbig, after roof)! fteroafbet mit 
ber fteften 5lrt t)on (Sidjen, Magnolia unb gicf)ten, unb roirb fiir eine ber 
gefiinbeften ©egenben ber SBeft gefyalten. 5n ben 2Bafbern finbet man ben 
§irfd), ben $uma, ben 2BoIf, ben SBctren, bie 2Bilbfa$e, roilbe Drutljitfyner 
unb Dauften. 3 n ^ en fjliiffcn gift! eg oiele gifdje unb 5fffigatoren. 

Der 0taat ftefi^t ungeljeuren SSoljfftanb unb retdfje §iiffgquel!en. 
(Sr §at bag grijjjte 23aumrooffengeftiet in ber Union. 2fud) 9fteig, 3uder 
unb 0ujjfartoffeln roerben geftaut. Dag ^iefjen »on fritywu Dftft unb 
©cmiife fiir ben norbfidjen 9}tartt fjat fidj afg feljr geminnftringenb 
erraiefen. SSiele 2lrten tropifcfjer griidjte roadjfen in 9Jtenge. $ferbe, 
Dlfaultfyiere, 0d>roeine unb 9tinboief) roerben maffenljaft gegiidjtet. gaftrifen 
giftt e* nur roenige. Die Strfteit roirb non garftigen oerrid)tet. 

S^eid^e Sager oom reinften ^feifentljon, Dopfer* unb 0djmefgtljon 
roerben gefunben. 

Dag $lima ift fefjr milb unb 0djnee unb (Sig finb unftefannt. Die 
0ommer finb lang unb Ijeijj. 

(Sifenftafynen finb §af)Irei<f). 

(Sg roerben ungefaljr 100 geitungen im 0taate Ijerauggegeften. 

^adfon, mit 6,041 (Sinroofjncrn, ift bie §auptftabt beg 0taateg. 

33idgfturg, mit 13,373 (Sinrooljnern, ift ein Stegierunggljafen. 
3Keribian unb ^atdjeg finb bie ftebeutenbfien 0tdbte. 

Slnberc roidjtige 0tabte finb $ort ©iftfon, §offp 0pringg, Slfterbeen, 
(Sofumftug, 9Jtiffiffippi (Sitp, 01)ielbgftoro u. a. 

Die beutfdje SBeoolferung ift in biefem 0taate fefjr gering. 

Couiftana. (,,SDer (Sreolenftaat".) 
gladjeninfjaft : 46,000 Quabratmeilen. Seoolferung : 1,000,000. 
liefer 0taat tft oorroiegenb Dieffanb mit einigen roenigen 33obens 
erfjeftungen, after triefen 23afing ober (Srbfenfungen unb einem fumpfigen 
$liftenftrid). (Sin grower Dljeif beg Sanbeg ift, ba er nur 10 guf$ lifter bem 
•Sfteeregfpiegel Uegt, Uefterfd)roemmungen auggefe^t. 

Die §auptfluffe finb ber -Bftffiffippi, Sfcb 9tioer unb ber SBafljita. 
@3 finb gaf)freicf)e 23ud)ten unb (Sinfdjnitte an ber £lifte unb 0eeen im 
^nneren beg Sanbeg. 

Souifiana ift rooljlocrfefjen mit 9Jtinerafien, ^oljfen, (Sifen, 23Iei, 
Vitriol, $upfer u. f. ro., fogar petroleum finbet fidj an mandjen 0tellen. 


182 


The States. 


There are eminent advantages for the pursuit of agriculture, the 
“ bottoms” or valleys of the rivers being exceedingly fertile. 

Cotton, sugar and rice are the staple products. Indian corn, 
wheat, rye, oats, barley, potatoes, tobacco, hay, fruits, figs etc. are 
produced. 

Stockraising is carried on extensively. Among the forest trees 
are the walnut, hickory, ash, poplar, mulberry, magnolia etc. the most 
valuable. Wild cane grows to a height of 30 feet. Nearly all the 
sugar, made in the United States, is produced here. 

The wild animals of the State are the panther, the black bear, 
wolf, wild cat etc. ; alligators and poisonous reptiles are numerous. 
Many game birds are found. 

The southern part is malarious, the northern healthy. The 
summers are long and hot, the winters mild. 

There are over 1400 miles of railway. 

New Orleans, the emporium of the Mississippi Valley, also called 
the Crescent City/’ population 242,939, is the greatest cotton 
market in the world and of high commercial prominence. The city 
has many attractions. 

Baton Rouge, population 10,478, is the capital of the State. 

There are many other progressive cities and towns, as Natchitoches, 
Shreveport, Donaldsonville, Placquemine, Monroe etc. 


ARKANSAS. (“The Bear State.”) 

Area: 53,045 square miles. Population: 900,000. 

Most of the surface of this State is level; in the center it is hilly 
but there are no mountains of any importance. 

The largest rivers are the Mississippi, the Arkansas, St. Francis, 
White, Big, Black and Washita, nearly all navigable. 

The large forests contain every variety of timber and abundance 
of wild game, such as the bear, deer etc. Reptiles are very numerous 
in swamps and low lands. 

Arkansas has considerable mineral wealth. Coal, iron, lead and 
zinc are abundant; silver and copper are found in paying quantities ; 
marble, granite, grindstones etc. are found all over the country. 


O t e © t a a t e it. 


183 


SluSgeseidfjnet giinftig Itegen bie 33erbaltniffe ^ter fur bie Sanbtnirtp 
fcbaft, ba bie glufjnieberungen ungemein frudpbar finb. 

33aumtoo(Ie, 3 u & r unb 9teiS finb bie §auptbobenergeugniffe, baneben 
©ai§, ©eigen, 9toggen, §afer, ©erfte, ^artoffeln, £abad, §eu, Dbft, 
geigen u. f. tn. 

SSiebgudp tnirb in au3gebef)ntem ©a&ftabe betrieben. Unter ben 
SBalbbaumen finb ber 9?uj$baum, §idorp, bie ©fdfje, bie Rappel, ber 
©aulbeerbaum, bie Magnolia unb anbere bie mertbnollften. ©ilbeS 9tobr 
nmdjft bi5 gu einer §ofje non 30 gup gaft a ^ er Suder, tneldfjer in ben 
SSereiniqten ©taaten gemacp nrirb, !ommt non Souifiana. 

$>ie tnilben £p ere beS ©taateS ftnb ber ffantber, ber fcfjinarge 33dr, 
ber ©olf, bie ©tlbfap u. f. in. Sftligatoren unb giftige ©cfjlanqen finb 
gablreidp 23iel jagbbareS ©effiigel ift norpnben. 

SDer fiiblicbe ^pit be§ ©taateS ift fieberifdp ber norblpe gefunb. 
®ie 0ommer finb lung unb Ijeip bie ©inter milb. 

@S beftefyen iiber 1,400 ©eilen ©fenbapen. 

5Rero Orleans, mit 242,939 ©imnopern, ber @auptf)anbel3pla£ beS 
©iffiffippitbaleS, audb „Gre§cent Gift)" (iuadf)fenbe ©tabt) genannt, fjat 
ben gropen 33aumroollenmar!t ber ©elt unb ift iiberpupt eine ber f)eroor= 
ragenbften §anbelsftabte. SDie ©tabt bat niele 2lngiebung3punfte. 

33aton 9?ouge, mit 10,478 Gintnobnern, ift bie §auptftabt beS 
©taateS. 

G§ gibt nodj niele im gortfdfjritt begriffene ©tdbte unb $)orfer, g. 33. 
SftadfjitocbeS, ©breneport, 2)onalbfonnide, ^lacquemine, ©onroe u. a. 

9lrfanfa§. („£)er 33drenftaat".) 

glacbeninbalt: 53,045 Buabratmeilen. 33enolferung : 900,000. 

®er grope £Ijeil ber Dberflacbe biefeS ©taateS ift eben ; in ber ©itte 
ift er fjiigelig, aber eS finb feine 33eroe non 33ebeutung ba. 

'Die gropen gluffe finb ber ©iffiffippi, 2(rfanfa§, ©t. granciS, 
©b^e, 33ig, 33lad unb ©afptasglup bie faft atte fcpffbar finb. 

®ie gropn ©alber entbalten jebe 2lrt non 33aubolg unb eine ©enge 
©ilb, g. S3. 33aren, §irfc§e u. f. tn. ©djlangen finb fe^r gablreicb in ben 
©iimpfen unb 9tteberimgen. 

2IrfanfaS pt betracplidjen ©ineralienreicpbum. ®oblen, Gifen, 
33lei unb $inf tnerben maffenbaft, ©iiber unb $upfer audj in getninn* 
bringenber ©eife gefunben, unb ©armor, ©ranit, ©d^leiffteine u. f. tn. 
trifft man attentbalben im ©taate an. 


184 


The States. 


The climate of Arkansas is mild and salubrious. 

Every variety of soil is found in this State. Vegetation is prolific 
and the soil peculiarly favorable for the pursuit of agriculture. Thus 
agriculture and stock raising are the chief industries. All the cereals 
are raised in great quantities and orchard fruits are abundant. For 
stock raising Alabama possesses eminent advantages. Cattle, horses 
etc. keep in good condition all the year round without any care 
whatever on the part of their owners. 

The tobacco and cotton crop is also important. 

Among the most remarkable of the natural wonders of Arkansas 
are the Hot Springs, celebrated for their curative properties. 

There are over 2100 miles of railway within the State. 

Little Rock, population 25,874, is the capital and chief city of the 
State being the commercial center. 

Fort Smith, Hot Springs, Eureka Springs, noted for their famous 
springs, Helena, Pine Bluff etc. are growing towns. 

TEXAS. (“Lone Star State.”) 

Texas is the largest state in the Union having 270,000 square miles 
and over 1,700,000 inhabitants. 

The surface of the country is mostly level, there being only a few 
mountains in the west; in the eastern part are the wooded lands, 
called cross timbers ; the palmetto, pine, cedar, oak and many other 
varieties are found. Texas has many bays and inlets. 

The largest rivers are the Rio Grande, Colorado, Brazos, Trinity, 
Sabine, Red River and Canadian River. 

Of minerals, coal, iron, bismuth, copper, marble, slate, grindstones, 
potter’s and fire clays, alum, marls and gypsum are found in great 
quantities. 

The soil is very fertile, especially along the rivers. The best 
cereals, cotton, sugar cane, tobacco etc. are raised. All kind of 
orchard fruits, also oranges, figs, vanilla, grapes etc. are cultivated. 
Cocheneal insects are gathered. There are many manufacturing 
establishments. Many wild horses are found on the prairies, and the 
forests contain deer and wild beasts, as the black bear, jaguar, puma 
etc. The finest species of fish is found in the waters. 


3) i e ©taatcn. 


185 


£)ag £lima ift milb unb gefunb. 

5>ebe 2lrt von Vobenbefcf)affenf)eit finbet ficlj in bem ©taate nor. $>ie 
Vegetation ift iippig unb ber Voben gang befonberg giinftig fur 2anb= 
roirtljfcbaft. SDiefe unb Vieljgucf)t bilben barum au<3) bie §auptbefcfjaftigung 
ber £anbegberool)ner. 2HIe ©etreibearten merben in grower 9Jtenge gebaut, 
Dbft gibt eg im Ueberfluft unb fur Viel)gudf)t 6efit}t Slrfanfag gang unue= 
moljnlicfje Vortljeile. SUnboielj, Vf er ^ e u. f* bleiben bag gange 3a§r 
f)inburcf) in gutem Swf^^be, otjne irgenb roelcfje feiteng if;rer 

@igentf)umer. 

$>er £abadg= unb Vaummodenertrag ift ebenfadg bebeutenb. 

3u ben fefjengmertfjeften 9taturmunbern non Slrfanfag gefyoren bie 
toegen iljrer §eilfrafte beriiljmten Ijeifgen Queden. 

@g finb liber 2,100 -Uteilen ©ifenbaljnen im ©taate. 

Sittle 9tocf, mit 25,874 ©inmoljnern, ift bie §auptftabt unb, ba eg 
gugleicf) ber commerciede 9Jlittelpunft ift, aud) bie SJtetropole beg ©taateg. 

gort ©mill), §ot ©pringg unb (Surefa ©pringg finb befannt megen 
iljrer beriiljmten Queden. §elena, Vine Vluff u. m. a. finb aufftrebenbe 
©table. 


$cya£. („@infamer ©tern=©taat".) 

^ejag ift ber grojgte ©taat ber Union, benn er umfafct 270,000 Quabrat* 
meilen mit 1,700,000 ©inrcoljnern. 

SDie Dberflacfje beg Sanbeg ift meifteng eben; im SSeften gibt eg 
einige Verge. oftlicfjen Sljeile liegen SBalbungen, bie fogenannten 
„^reugget)otge' / , bie Vff aumen P a ^ me / tie S^ te / bit Geber, bie (gic^e unb 
oiele anbere Vaumarten. Xegag f)at oiele Vuc^ten unb $ufteneinfdf)nitte. 

$Die grojgten gliiffe finb ber 9Uo ©ranoe, Gmlorabo, Vragog, £rinitp, 
©abine, dteb 9tioer unb Ganabian=gluf$. 

Von 9)tineralien merben $of)len, ©ifen, Vigmutb, $upfer, s Utarmor, 
©cf)iefer, ©d)leiffteine, £opfer= unb geuertljon, Sllaun, SJtergel unb ©ipg 
in grojgen Quantitaten gefunben. 

£)er Voben ift fefyr frucf)tbar, namentlidfj ben gliiffen entlang. $)ie 
beften ©etreibearten, Vaumraode, guderrohr, £abad u. f. m. roerbcn 
gebaut. 2lde 2lrten non Dbft, Drangen, geigen, Vanide, SSeintrauben 
u. f. rv. merben gegogen. £)ie ©ocfyinede^Kfeften merben gefammelt. ©g 
gibt aucf) oiele gabrifen. 2luf ben V™rien fe&en ride milbe ^3ferbe unb 
bie Sffialber bergen §irfc§e unb milbe £f)iere, mie ben fdfjraurgen Vdren, 
ben Jaguar, V^ma u. f. m. %n ben gliiffen finbet man bie feinften gifcfje. 


186 


The States. 


Texas is the greatest cattle market in the Union. Horses and 
sheep also are raised in great numbers. 

The chief exports are cattle (Texas beef), cotton, sugar, molasses, 
wine, tobacco, wool, cotton seed, sweet potatoes, grain and hay. 

There are about 7,000 miles of railway. 

The climate is in general salubrious. 

Galveston, population 29,084, is the chief seaport and commercial 

city. 

Houston, population 27,557, is the capital. San Antonio, 
population 37,673, is one of the oldest Spanish towns. Dallas with 
38,067 inhabitants, Austin with 14,476 inhabitants, Waco, and Fort 
Worth are very important cities. There are a great many other 
flourishing towns. 


THE CENTRAL STATES. 

The twelve Central States are situated south of Canada, east of 
Montana, Wyoming, Colorado; north of Indian Territory and the 
Southern States and west of Pennsylvania and West Virginia. 

The surface is level and consists mostly of prairie-lands with the 
exception of two hilly regions around the Lake Superior and the 
Ozark Mountains in Missouri. The country is well drained by 
numerous rivers. Lake Erie, Huron, and Superior are in the northern 
part. 

The climate in the northern part of this section is cold in winter 
and hot in summer; in the southern part it is mild. 

The occupations are agriculture, mining, commerce and 
manufacturing. 


OHIO. (‘‘ Buckeye State. ’ ’) 

Area: 40,760 square miles. Population: 3,250,000, 

This fine State is the oldest of the public domain. The soil is of 
high average fertility. The rich bottoms of the Miami and Scioto 
rivers yield' enormous crops of corn, while the wheat culture 
predominates in the more northern regions. Other cereals are 
extensively cultivated, also potatoes and tobacco. Butter and cheese 
are produced in great quantities, fruit trees are abundant and the grape 
is under a high state of cultivation. The forest growth of Ohio is rich 


2) i c © t a a t c n. 


187 


Sesag ift ber grofete Sieljmarft in ber Union. $ferbe unb ©djafe 
tnerben in grower 9Jienge gejogen. 

®ie $auptaugfuljrartifel finb timber (^ejagrinber), Saumtnolle, 
Surfer, ©irup, 2Sein, S'abarf, 2Bolle, Saumtnollenfamen, ©uftfartoffeln, 
©etrcibe unb §eu. 

©g befte^en ungefdljr 7,000 9fleilen ©ifenbafjnen. 

®ag JUima ift im SUIgemeinen gefunb. 

©alnefton, mit 29,084 ©intnoljnern, ift bie midjtigfte ©ee= unb 
§anbelgftabt. 

§oufton, mit 25,557 @intoof)nern, ift bie §auptftabt. ©an Antonio, 
mit 37,673 ©imnofjnern, ift eine ber alteften fpanifdjen ©tdbte. ©altag, 
mit 38,067 ©imnobnern, Sluftin, mit 14,476 ©intnofjnern, SBaco, 3 ,£>r t 
2BortF) u. a. m. finb bebeutenbe ©tdbte. 


$ i e Qcntralffaatcn. 

2)ie jinblf mittleren ©taaten liegen fiiblid) non Ganaba, bftlid) non 
Montana, -JBpoming uub (Solorabo, norblid) nom ^nbian^erritorium unb 
ben fiiblicfyen ©taaten unb meftlirf; non ^ennfplnania unb 2BeftsSirginia. 

2)ag Sanb ift eben unb beftefjt meifteng aug ^rdrieen, mit 2lugnaf)me 
gtneier Ijiigeliger 2anbftrid;e am ©uperiorfee unb beg Dgarfs©ebirgeg in 
SDttffouri. 3al)lreid>e gliiffe burd^fCiefeeu bag 2anb. $)ie ©eeen @rie, 
§uron unb ©uperior befinben fid; im norbroeftlirfjen $£f;eile. 

$Dag $lima ift im 9Zorbcn tndfjrenb beg SSinterg feljr fait unb Ijeiji im 
©ommer ; im ©iiben ift eg milb. 

2)ie ^nbuftrie beftefyt aug 2lrferbau, Sergbau, §anbel unb ©etnerbe. 

Dfjio. („2)er Sorfgaugenftaat".) 
glad;eninf)alt: 40,760 Quabratmeilen. Senolferung : 3,250,000. 

SDiefer fd)bne ©taat ift ber altefte ber offentlidjen SDomane. er Soben 
ift burdjfdjnittlid) feftr frudrfbar. SDie retd)en 9ticberungen beg 5Riami= 
unb beg ©cioto^gluffeg ergeben ungefjeuere 9flaigernten, roafyrenb in bem 
norblidjen Xfjeile ber SSeigenbau norljerrfdrf. 2fud) anbere ©etreibearten 
tnerben niel gegogen; ebenfo ^artoffeln unb £abarf. Sutter unb Stdfe, 
Dbft unb namentlid) 2Beintrauben, auf beren Gultur gan§ befonbere -Iftulje 
nerrcanbt mirb, gibt eg im Ueberflujj. Dfjio ift reidj an uppigen SBalbern 


188 


The States. 


in variety and luxuriance; the timber yielded is excellent for builders’ 
or manufacturers’ use. The mineral resources are on a large scale. 
Limestone, bituminous coal and iron deposits are extensive. Salt 
springs abound and large quantities of salt are annually manufactured. 

There are numerous rolling mills and other manufactories of iron. 
An enormous amount of pork is packed each year and extensive business 
is done in the destination of spirits. 

Ohio has no mountains, but the interior has an elevation of about 
1,200 feet above the level of the sea. The State is well watered. 

The Ohio is the principal river and is one of the most beautiful of 
American streams. The Muskingum, Scioto, Hock, Mahoning and 
Great and Little Miami are the next in importance and are tributaries 
of the Ohio. 

Ohio was undoubtedly at one time the home of the Moundbuilders. 
Many mounds are found in the interior ; the relics found there attest 
that there once lived a people (2000 years ago) of real civilization. 

The climate is mild and healthy, although the changes of 
temperature are often sudden. 

Education is compulsory. There are many colleges, universities, 
normal schools and private academies and other schools. 

Ohio has a wonderful extension of railway, telegraphic and postal 
facilities. 

There are published many daily and weekly papers. There are 
great publishing houses of school-books etc. Many religious 
organizations of all denominations exist. 

Cincinnati, population 296,309, is the commercial capital of the 
State. It is situated on the Ohio and is substantially and handsomely 
built. There is a large suspension bridge, 100 feet above low water, 
which connects the city with Covington, Ky. One part of the city, 
called “Over the Rhine,” contains 50,000 Germans, and is famous 
for its concerts and beer gardens. Cincinnati has a large variety of 
manufacturing; it is extensively engaged in pork packing, and noted 
for its great breweries. 


/ 


2) i e © t a a t c n. 


189 


mit mamtigfaltigen §o!garten, barunter 33auboIg, roeldbeg ftdfj fur ben 
©ebraudb con SBaumeiftern unb gabrifanten oortrefflidb etgnet. SDer 
Sfteidbtbum an SDtineralien ift grofsartig; nor allem finb bie $alfftein=, 
pedbbargige ^oblenc unb Cifenlager bebeutcnb. ©algquellen finb in 9lienge 
oorljanben unb eg merben jdfyrltdj grojje Duantitdten ©alg gemonnen. 

Cg befteben gal)Ireicbe -JBalgroerfe unb oiele Ciferifabrifen. Cine 
ungeljeuere s 3Jtenge ©cbmeinefteifcb nrirb jabrlidb oerpadt unb groffartige 
©efc^dfte merben mit ber SDeftiHation oon ©piritug gemad^t. 

Dbio bat feine ©ebirge, aber bag ijnnere burc^gie^t ein §od^riidten non 
1,200 gufj §obe liber bem -Uieeregfpiegel. SDer ©taat ift moblberoaffert. 

$)er §auptftrom ift ber Dbio, ber gugleicb einer ber fd^dnften ©trome 
2lmerifag ift. i£>arnadb fommen ber 9flugfingum, ber ©cioto, §od, 
■•Dtafyoning unb ber ©reat unb Sittle SJtiami (groffe unb fleine) unb finb 
Sftebenfluffe beg Dbio. 

Dbio mar obne 3*oeifel cinft bie §eimatb ber Crbauer ber „9ttounbg" 
(Crbbiigel), non benen im IJnneren beg ©taateg oiele gefunben merben. 
2)ie barin gemacbten gunbe bemeifen, baft bort einft (oor ca. 2,000 gabren) 
ein auf einer b^beren Gulturftufe ftebenbeg 23olf roobnte. 

2)ag $lima ift milb unb gefunb, obgleicb ber Semperaturmecbfel 
oft febr plo^Iicb ift. 

Cg beftebt ©cbulgmang. Stumer ben dffentlicben ©dfjulen gibt eg oiele 
©pmnafien, Unioerfitaten, Normals unb ^rioatfcbulen, Sllabemien unb 
anbere Sebranftalten. 

Dbio bat ein munberbar auggebebnteg Cifenbabnnep unb meitoergmeigte 
Selegrapbens unb ^oftoerbinbungen. 

2)ie 3 a b* ^ er tftglic^ unb roodbentlidb erfdbeinenben 3eitungen ift febr 
giojf. 2lucb’gibt eg oiele 2krlagsbucbbanblungen. ©dmmtlicbe ©laubeng= 
befenntniffe finb in oerfcbiebenen religiofen Drganifationen oertreten. 

Cincinnati, mit 296,309 Cinroobnern, ift bie §auptbanbelgftabt beg 
©taateg. Cg liegt am Dbio unb ift folib unb fd^on gebaut. Cine grofje 
£dngcbriicfe, 100 guff iiber bem nieberen SSafferftanb, oerbinbet bie ©tabt 
mit Cooington, $p. Cin £b e ^ ^ er ©tabt, „Ueber bem 9tb e i n " genannt, 
entbalt 50,000 SDeutfdjje unb ift roegen feiner Concert* unb 23iergarten 
betannt. Cincinnati bat eine grofje Slngabl oerfcbiebener gabrifen ; eg 
ift ein §auptoerfanbtplai$ fur ©cbmeinefleifcb unb befannt megr-n feir cr 
33rauereien. 


190 


The States. 


Cleveland, population 261,353, is the second city of importance 
in the State ; it has become a great commercial center. 

Columbus is the capital of the State, population 88,150. 

Toledo, population 81,434, Dayton, population 61,220, Springfield, 
population 31,895, Sandusky, Zanesville, Hamilton, Canton, Akron, 
Youngstown, population 33,220, Chillicothe, Portsmouth, Steubenville, 
Mansfield, Newark, Fremont, Lima are cities of great importance. 


INDIANA. (“Hoosier State.”) 

Indiana is the smallest of the Western States. It has an area of 33,-806 
square miles and its population is 2,100,000. 

The surface of Indiana is mostly level, its most prominent elevation 
being only 1,000 feet above the level of the sea. In the northern and 
north-western portions of the State the lands are chiefly prarie, 
interspersed with groves of excellent timber ; there are heavy growths 
of various timber north of the White River, such as walnut, beech, 
maple, oak and ash. The soil is very fertile. The valleys of the 
Wabash and the Ohio have rich alluvial bottoms, which yield from 
100-125 bushels of corn per acre. Besides corn, wheat is raised and 
in the southern part of the State the vine flourishes excellently. Corn, 
wheat and oats are the staple products, however and great quantities 
of hay, potatoes, buckwheat and tobacco are raised. 

The climate is like that of the other Western States. The winters 
are somewhat severe, but healthy, while the summers are comparatively 
mild, pleasant and refreshing. Threefourths of the surface of the State 
are drained by the Wabash and its tributaries. The Ohio River forms 
the southern boundary of the State, and receives nearly its entire 
water drainage. Lakes and ponds are numerous. It has a shore line 
of forty miles on Lake Michigan. 

Bituminous coal of three distinct varieties is found in great 
abundance ; peat and bog iron ore are also found in the northern part of 
the State. Quarries of fine building stone, salt springs and fire-clay 
abound. 

The most remarkable curiosity is the Wyandotte cave in Crawford 
county; it is 22 miles in extent with a maximum width of 300 feet, 
and a highth of 245 feet. 


2) i e ©taaten. 


191 


(Eleoelanb, mit 261,353 ©inrooljnern, ift bie gmeitgrofjte ©tabt im 
©taate; eS ift ein grower §anbel§mittetpunft gemorben. 

Golumbug ift bie §auptftabt be§ ©taates ; eg Ijat 88,150 (Sinmoljner, 
^olebo mit 81,434 ©inraoljnern, ®apton mit 61,220 (Sinrooljnern, 
©pringfielb mit 31,895 Gsinmoljnern, ©anbugfp, ganegtritte, Hamilton, 
Canton, Slfron, g)ouriggtoran mit 33,220 ©inmo^nern, Gfyifticotfye, *portg= 
mout^, ©teubenmtfe, Sftangfielb, 9lemarf, gremont unb Sima finb anbere 
©tdbte non grower 2Bid^tigfeit. 

3ttbiana. („§oofierftaat".) 

J$nbiana ift ber fteinfte ber meftlidjen ©taaten. @g fjat einen gladjeninljalt 
"turn 33,806 Duabratmeilen unb eine 33et)oIferung non 2,100,000. 

$>ie Dberflddje non Snbiana ift meifteng eben; bie f)5cf)fte ©rljebung 
betragt nur 1,000 gufc iiber bem SBafferfpiegel ber ©ee. 3™ norblidjen 
unb norbroeftlidf)en £f)eite beg ©taateg beftefjt bag Sanb meifteng aug 
^rdriecn, basmifdjen fcf)ieben fid^ §aine mit auggeseidjnetem ^utjljo^. 
2)icf)te 33eftanbe nerf<f)iebenen 33auIjolgeg finben fief) norblid) nom 9Sf)ite= 
fluffe, j. 33. 2Baftnuj3, 33ud)en, 2If)orn, (Sidjen unb Gsfdjen. 2)er 33oben ift 
fefyr frucf)tbar. 2)ie Shafer beg 2Babaffj= unb beg Df)io=gfuffeg fjaben 
reidjen Sfffumafboben, ber 100—125 33uff)el 9flaig per 2lder fjeruorbringt. 
2luf$er 9ttaig mirb 2Bei§en gebaut, unb im fiibfidjen Xfjeife beg ©taateg 
gebeifyt ber 2©ein auggegeid)net. 9ftaig, 2Bei§en unb §afer finb jebocf) bie 
§auptprobufte unb eine grofje SJtenge §eu, $artoffe!n, 33ucf)roeigen unb 
Sabad mirb gebaut. 

®ag £Iima ift mie in ben anberen meftlidjen ©taaten. ©ie Winter 
finb etroag ftreng, aber gefunb, bie ©ommer bagegen uerfjdltnigmdbig 
milb, angenefjm unb erfrifdjenb. SDrei 33iertel ber Dberffadje beg ©taateg 
merben nom 2Babaff)ffuffe unb feinen 9tebenffiiffen beroaffert. $)er DIjios 
flufe bilbet bie fiiblidje ©ren^e beg ©taateg unb nimmt faft ben fammtfidjen 
SSafferabffufi beg ©taateg auf. ©eeen unb £eid)e finb ga^treid^ unb bie 
$iiftenftrede am ©ee Michigan betragt 40 9Jleilen. 

5Drei uerfd)iebene ©orten erbfjargiger $ofjlen merben in 9ftenge 
gefunben ; im norblidjen £f)eile beg ©taateg aucf) £orf unb ©umpfeifenerg. 
3af)lreid)e ©teinbriid&e tiefern gute 33aufteine unb ©algquellen unb geuer* 
lefjm finb in 9ftenge oorfjanben. 

S)ie grofjte ?Jterfrourbigfeit ift bie 2Bpanbotte=§oIjfe in Graroforb 
Gountp ; fie fjat 22 9Jteifen im Umfang mit einer 2Jiasimumbreite non 300 
guf$ unb einer §of)e non 245 gufe. 


192 


The States. 


The manufacturing interests of the State are continually increasing. 
The largest branches are flour and flouring mill products, lumber, 
woolen goods, machinery, agricultural implements, iron and iron goods, 
cars, carriages, boots and shoes, saddlery and harness. 

Indianapolis, with a population of 105,436 is the capital of the 
State on the White River, 826 miles from New York and 100 miles 
from Cincinnati. It is a beautiful city and an extensive railroad center ; 
it has abundant water power with more than 700 manufacturing 
establishments. The water supply is drawn from a subterranean lake, 
20 feet below the surface, on which the city stands. Almost one-fourth 
of the population is German. 

Evansville, 144 miles s. s. west of Indianapolis, on the Ohio River 
is a flourishing city of 50,756 inhabitants with a large German 
population. It has valuable manufacturing establishments and a large 
local and river trade; coal and iron abound in the vicinity. 


Fort Wayne, on the Maumee River, is the most important city in 
Northern Indiana and a great railroad center. It contains the 
Concordia (Lutheran) college and a Roman Catholic convent. 

Terre Haute, population 30,217, situated on the Wabash, 78 miles 
from Indianapolis is a handsome city in a rich agricultural country. 

New Albany, on the Ohio River, two miles below Louisville, Ky., 
with 21,059 inhabitants, has large manufacturing and mercantile 
interests. La Fayette, South Bend, Logansport, Richmond, Jefferson¬ 
ville, Madison, Vincennes, Michigan City, Crawfordsville, Peru, 
Aurora etc. are cities of great importance. 

All these cities contain a large German populabon and a great 
portion of the farms is cultivated by thrifty German farmers. 

There are many colleges, seminaries and other educational 
institutions; the German language has been introduced in many public 
schools and where it is not, there exist numerous private schools where 
the German and English languages are taught. 


£> t e ©taaten. 


193 


3Son Befonberer Sebeutung finb namentlidj 9M)t= unb anbcre WofyU 
miiljlcnprobufte, SBaufjoIj, SBottenmaaren, -Dtafcfjitten, SlderBaugeratlje, 
(Stfen unb (Sifenroaaren, ©ifenBaljnroagen, $utfcfjen, ©tiefel unb ©<3julje, 
©attlermaaren unb ©efdjirre. 

^nbtanapolt§, mit eincr 93eoolferung non 105,436, ift bie §auptftabt 
be3 ©taateS am iffiljitefluffe, 826 ^Jteilen non 9fcm 9)orf unb 100 9JleiIen 
non Cincinnati. ift eine fdfjone ©tabt unb ein micBtiger CifenBaljns 
mittelpunft. Befitjt reid^Itd^e 2Bafferfraft unb mefjr ate 700 JaBrifen. 
$)cr 2Saffernorratf) rnirb au§ einem unterirbifcfjen ©ee, 20 gufi unter ber 
DBerfldcfje, auf roeld^er bie ©tabt ftefjt, Ijergeleitet. gfaft ein 23iertel ber 
33enolferung ift beutfdf). 

CnanSniDfe am Dljio, 144 9fteilen f. f. tneftlidf) non ^nbianapoli^, 
ift eine BliU)enbe ©tabt non 50,756 Cinmoljnern mit einer ftarlen bcutfdfjen 
23enolferung. Gte Bat mertljoode gaBrifen unb Betidcf)tlid(jen lofaten unb 
glujfyanbel. ^oljlen unb ©tfen finb in ber 9?at)e in 9Jtenge norfjanben. 

gort 22apne am ^Haumeefluffe ift bie Bebeutenbfte ©tabt im norblicfjen 
^nbiana unb ein grower CifenBaljnmittefpunft. $Da3 Concorbias©pmnafium 
(Iutf)erifd^) unb ein romifdf)sfatl)oIifcf)e§ Softer Befinben fidjj I)ier. 

£erre §aute, mit 30,217 Cinrooljnern, liegt am 2SaBafl), 78 9fteiten 
non ^nbianapolte. Gte ift eine fdjone ©tabt in einem reicfyen unb fruits 
Baren 2anbbiftrift. 

9Jem 2llBanp am Dljio, §mei 2fteilen unterljalB 2ouisniffe, $p., mit 
21,059 Cinmoljnern, Ijat grofte gaBri!= unb §anbeteintereffen. 2a gapette, 
©outlj 33enb, 2ogan§port, 9tid;monb, ^efferfonniCCe, Sltabifon, Vincennes, 
9Jticf)igan Citp, CramforbSnide, $eru, Aurora u. f. m. finb cBenfalte 
©tabte non 33ebeutung. 

21de biefe ©tabte fjaBen eine ftarfe beutfdje SBenoIferung, aBer aud) 
non ben $armen merben fefyr niele non tud)tigen beutfdfjen garment 
BetrieBen. 

@3 Beftefjen niele ©pmnaften, ©eminare unb anbere ©rgietjungS* 
inftitute. 2)ie beutfcfje ©pradje ift in nielen offentlicfjen ©d)ulen eingefiitjrt 
unb mo bie§ nidjt ber gad tft, egiftiren ga^Ireid^e $rinatfcf)ulen, mo bie 
beutfd)e unb englifdjje ©pradfje gefefjrt merben. 


194 


The States. 


ILLINOIS. (‘- Prairie or Sucker State.”) 

One of the most populous and important states in regard to 
agriculture and commerce embraces within its boundaries 55,462,400 
acres (56,000 square miles). Its population is about 4,000,000. 

No portion of the State attains a high attitude, the mean elevation 
being about 500 feet above the sea. It is called the “ Prairie State,” 
indicating the character of the soil. The face of the country is gently 
undulating. Owing to the structure of the subsoil, comparatively little 
of the rain-fall is absorbed. Below the 18 or 24 inches of sandy loam 
and vegetable mould, which is remarkably tractable, lies an almost 
impervious clay, which, when exposed yields readily to the action of 
the frost and is rapidly worn away by running water, on which account 
a thorough system of surface drainage is thus established, enhancing 
the value of the lands for agricultural purposes. The State contains 
more arable land than all New England. 

The soil is of a highly fertile character and is especially adapted 
to the growth of cereals. Enormous crops of wheat, corn, rye, oats 
and barley are raised. The valleys of the rivers have rich alluvial 
bottoms, the most productive lands of the State, which yield from 
100 to 125 bushels of corn per acre. The grasses are abundant; hence 
Illinois is well adapted for the prosecution of wool growing and 
stock-raising. 

Chicago is the greatest live-stock market of the World. The 
Union Stock Yard Company alone has 400 acres covered with pens for 
the accomodation of thousands of cattle, hogs, and sheep. Perfect 
sanitary regulations exist. 

Navigation on Lake Michigan and the Mississippi River is carried 
on extensively, sufficient to supply the demands for transportation. 

The introduction of the numerous railroads has added greatly to 
the prosperity and wealth of Illinois. Along the lines of the thousands 
of miles of railway there have sprung up thriving cities and villages, as 
by magic. Prosperity and thrift have succeeded the comparative 
wilderness of former years. 

The lumber business of the State has assumed gigantic proportions. 


2) i e 6 t a a t c n. 


196 


(„$rdrieftaat".) 

$dinoi§ ift einer ber nolfreicfyften unb in 23ejug auf 2anbroirtf)fd)aft 
unb §anbel bebeutenbften ©taaten ber Union. @r umfafit in feinen ©ren^en 
55,462,400 2lc£er Sanb (56,000 Quabratmeilen) unb feine 23enolferung 
betragt 4,000,000. 

$ein Xljeil be§ ©taateS erreid^t eine befonbere §olje, inbem bie 
burd)fdf)nittlicf)e 23obenerf)ebung ungefaljr 500 gufj iiber bem 5Reere§fpiegel 
betragt. SDer 91ame „^rarieftaat" beutet ben norljerrfcfienbcn lanbfd)aftlid()en 
Sfjarafter an. Dberfladf)e be§ 2anbe§ ift tnedenformig. ^nfolge ber 
95efcf)affenf)eit be§ UntergrunbeS mirb nerljdltnifnndfng menig 9tegen ab= 
forbirt. Unter bem 18 bi§ 24 god tiefen fanbigen 2e(jmgrunb unb ber 
negetabilifdjen Gsrbe, meld)e befonberS gefdjmeibig finb, liegt ein faft 
unburd)bringlict)er Sefjm, metier, an bie Dberflacfye gebracf)t, bem grofie 
leidfjt guganglid) ift unb non fttefcenbem Staffer rafdj) meggefiifjrt mirb. 
$)aburdj mirb eine griinbUdje drainage bemirft unb ber s IBertf) be§ 2anbe£ 
fur lanbmirtljfdjaftlicfye gmede mefentlict) erljoljt. $)er ©taat entljalt meljr 
ertragfdf)ige§ Sanb al3 gang ^em ©nglanb. 

$)er 23obcn ift ungemein frucfjtbar unb namentlidf) fur ©etreibe 
geeignet. Ungeljeuere ©rnten non SBeigen, $dai§, Sfoggen, §afer unb 
©erfte merben erjielt. 21m frud)tbarften ift ber angefcfjmemmte $8oben ber 
gluj$tl)dler, metier 100 bi§ 125 23uffjel 9Jlai§ per 2lder Ijernorbringt. 
©ra§ gibt e§ in ddenge. $afjer ift 3dinoi$ norgiigUctj flir ©d)af= unb 
Sftnbnie^udfd geeignet. 

Chicago f)at ben grbftten 23ie[)marft in ber 2Belt. 2)ie „Union ©tod 
g)arb Gompanp" adein befi^t 400 2lder Banb, unb bie barauf erridfjteten 
©tadungen finb im ©tanbe, £aufenbe non S^inbern, ©cfyroeinen unb 
©djjafen auf$unef)men. SBodfommene ©anitatSmaferegeln finb getroffen. 

©d)ifffaf)rt mirb auf bem ©ee ;3Jttcf)igan unb auf bem 9Jiiffiffippi=glu& 
in au§gebei)ntem 3!Jtaf$ftabe betrieben, urn ben §aupttran§portanforbe* 
rungen gu geniigen. 

£)ie galjlreid)en @ifenbaf)nen fyaben ungeljeuer niel $u bem 21ufblu^en 
non ^dinois beigetragen. 2ln ben £aufenbe non 9tteilen langen ©ifen= 
bafynen finb blufjenbe ©tabte unb SDorfer mie mit einem gauberfd&Iag 
emporgeroacf)fen. 21n bie ©tede einftiger ^BUbnift ift 2Bot)lftanb ner= 
breitenbe ©ultur getreten. 

$a§ 23autjolggefd)dft be§ ©taateS fjat riefige $erljaltniffe ange* 
nommen. 


k 


196 


The States. 


The mining of bituminous coal, which is found all over the State, 
is prosecuted very successfully. Lead is found in the northwestern 
part of Illinois. Manufacturing interests are very considerable, and 
steadily increasing. They embrace articles of great variety and find a 
ready market; especially in the manufacture of agricultural implements. 
Chicago holds a prominent position; there are also large establishments 
for the working of iron and other metals. 

Mills for converting wheat into flour and Indian corn into meal 
undoubtedly constitute the largest manufacturing interest in the State, 
giving employment to thousands of persons. 

The marvelons growth of population in Illinois has been exceeded 
only by the advance of the State in agricultural development and 
manufacturing industry, which makes it actually the center of commerce 
of the United States. 

The principal rivers are the Mississippi, the Ohio, the Wabash, 
the Illinois, Rock and Kaskaskia. Fish of good quality and in 
considerable variety are found in the rivers and lakes. Game birds, 
such as the wild turkey, prairie hen and grouse, are plentiful. Many 
of the wild animals have been exterminated. Few deer are left, and 
bears, panthers and wild-cats are rare. The prarie wolf is found and 
foxes, hares and squirrels are numerous. 

More than half the people of Illinois were born in other states or 
foreign countries, a large number being Germans, Irish and 
Scandinavians. 

Springfield, population 24,963, is the capital of the State, situated 
near the center of the State. 

Chicago, population 1,099,850, is the principal city of the State. 
Its remarkable, rapid growth is without a parallel in the world’s 
history. Over 150,000 persons are employed in manufactures. There 
is not another such railroad center in the world ; 500 trains enter and 
leave daily upon these roads. The accommodations for the traveling 
public as well as for freight are excellent. The educational facilities 
are extensive, and of a high order. Chicago is noted for its tunnels, 
extensive parks, among which are Lincoln Park etc., the academy of 
sciences, immense grain elevators, rolling mills, Chicago University, 
the exposition building etc. 

Peoria, population 41,024, Quincy, popul. 31,494, Bloomington, 
Rockford, Aurora, Rock Island, Joliet with the State penitentiary, 
Alton, Belleville, Cairo, Centralia, Freeport, Decatur, East St. Louis, 


£> i e © t a a t e n. 


197 


Sobnenber 33ergbau auf erbbargige ©teinfoble, roelcbe uberaff im 
©taate gu finben ift, roirb betrieben. 33Ieilager gibt e§ im norbroeftlidjen 
St§etle Don 3>tUnoi3. gabrifanlagen finb betradjthd) unO im gunmen 
begriffen. S)ic ^abrifate finb oerfd;iebener 2lrt unb ftnben rafcbeit 2(6fa£. 
(S§icago ftefjt namentlid) im Slnfertigen non tanbroirtbfdjaftlicben GJeratben 
fe§r bod). 2tud) gibt e§ grof$e Gtabliffements, in roetdjen Gifenroaaren unb 
fonftige 9Retatlgerdtbe angefcrtigt merben. 

2Beigen= unb 9Jiai3mublen finb ein anberer roidjtiger gaftor, inbem fie 
£aufenbe non 2lrbeitern befd)dftigen. 

$)ie erftaunlicbe 3unaf)me ber 33eoolferung non ^Uinoig roirb nur 
non bem geroaltigen 2luffd;roung ber Sanbroirtbfdjaft unb ber Sabuftrieen 
iiberboten, roelcbe ben ©taat roirflid) gum Sftittelpunft be3 §anbe(3 in ben 
SSereinigten ©taaten mad)en. 

$)ie b au Pifdd;licbften gliiffe finb ber -Iftiffiffippi, ber Dbio, ber 
SSabafb, ber gttinoiS, ber 9tod unb ber $a3fa3fia. 33iele 2trten trefflic^er 
gifdje finben firf) in ben gliiffen unb ©eeen. SBilbpret, roie ber milbe 
£rutbabn, ba§ ^prarie= unb 35irfbul)n gibt e§ in 9Renge. 33iele ber railben 
^biere finb ganglid; auSgerottet. SBenige §irfd)e finb iibrig geblieben unb 
33dren, ^antfjer unb SBilbfatjen finb felten. 2)er ^Prarieroolf roirb ge* 
funben unb giidjfe, §afen unb Gid)bbrnd;en finb febr gablreidj. 

•JRebr al3 bie §dlfie ber 33coolferung non ^KtnoiS rourbe in anberen 
©taaten ober im 2lu3lanbe geboren; eine grofte Slngabl ©eutfdjer, 
Srlonber unb ©fanbinauier bat bier if)re §eimatb gefunben. 

©pringfietb, mit 24,963 Ginroobnern, ift bie §auptftabt be3 ©taate3 
unb liegt faft in ber SRitte beffelben. 

$)ie bebeutenDfte ©tabt jebodb ift Gbicago, mit 1,099,850 Ginroobnern. 
2)a3 rounberbare 2Bad)fen biefer ©tabt fte*jt beifpiedoS in ber SBeltgefcbicbte 
ba. Ueber 150,000 ^erfonen finb aCfein in ben gabrifen befdjdftigt. 3 n 
ber gangen 2Belt gibt e3 fcinen grojjeren Gifenbabnmittelpunft; 500 ,3«ge 
laufen tdglid) in Gbicago3 35af)nbbfen ein unb cm3, unb bie 33equemlid;feiten 
fur ba3 reifenbe ^ublifum foroobf roie fur ben Giiteroerfebr finb au3ge= 
geicbnet. S)a3 Grgiebungsroefen ftebt auf einer febr f;o^en ©tufe. Gb’tcago 
ift befannt rocgen feiner Smnnefte, feiner grofcen $arfe (g. 33. Sincoln* 
sparf), ber 2tfabemie ber 2Biffenfd)aften, ber grofcen Gtetreibe=Gleoatoren, 
ber -JBalgroerfe, ber Gbicago Unioerfitcit, ber StuSftedungSgebdubc u. f. ro. 

^Peoria mit 41,024 Ginroobncrn, Quinct) mit 31,494 Ginroobnern, 
33Ioomington, 9todforb, Aurora, 9tod 3§lanb, Joliet mit bem 3ucbtbaufe, 
SUton, 33ellemfle, Gairo, Gentralia, greeport, ©ecatur, Dft ©t. £oui$>. 


198 


The States. 


Galena, Mattoon, Pekin, Lincoln, Nashville are other flourishing cities 
with a population from 3 to 15,000. The German population is 
immense; they are mostly engaged in farming, manufacturing, 
breweries, fine arts etc. 


WISCONSIN. (“ Badger State.”) 

Area: 56,040 square miles. Population: 1,120,000. 

Wisconsin is one of the most beautiful states of the Union. Its 
surface is elevated, the land mostly level and undulating with numerous 
lakes and rivers. Although north it has a delightful climate, the heat 
and cold being tempered by the great lakes, by which the State is 
bounded. Most of the rivers have great fall giving ample opportunity 
for water-power. 

The largest rivers are the Wisconsin, the Fox, the Chippewa and 
the St. Croix. Besides the great lakes and lake Winnebago there are 
many small, beautiful and clear lakes, well stocked with fish. 

The soil in the north is broken, covered with heavy pine forests, 
and not well adapted for cultivation ; the middle and southern region, 
consisting of prairies and parklike oak openings, is exceedingly rich and 
productive, producing great quantities of wheat, Indian corn, oats, barley, 
potatoes, tobacco, hops etc. Of animals there remain the elk, deer, 
bear, fox, wolf, beaver etc. ; and numerous birds and water-fowl, 
fattening upon the wild rice, on the margins of the numerous lakes. 

The chief manufactures consist of iron, lumber, agricultural 
implements, flour, spirits and malt liquors. A great amount of wheat 
is raised. Much attention is also given to dairy products. Live 
stock is largely raised. In the production of wool and cheese the State 
ranks high. 

Numerous railroads, in conjunction with its water communications, 
rendering the market easily accessible, rapidly develop natural resources 
and increase the wealth and industry of the country. Of the curiosities 
are earthworks in the forms of men and animals. 


£>te 6 t a a t e n. 


199 


©alena, EDtattocn, Efkfin, Lincoln unb Eftafljoitte ftnb Miiljenbe ©table mit 
oon 3 big 15,000 (Eimoofynern. EDie beutfdfje E8eool!erung ift in biefem 
©taate ungemein [tar!, ©ie befd^aftigt fief) meifteng mit Slderbau, 
gabrifbetrieb, EBrauereien, fcfyonen $iinften u. f. to. 


SBtlconfin. („$)er SDadfjgftaat".) 
gladf)eninf)alt: 56,040 Quabratmeilen. EBeoolferung : 1,120,000. 

EBigconfin ift einer ber fcfyonften ©taaten ber Union. EDag Sanb, 
toelctjeg er einnimmt, ift eine meift ebene ober toettenforntige §odjebene mit 
galjlrcidjen gdiiffen unb ©eeen. S£rot$ ber giemlicf) oorgertidten norblic^en 
2age ift bag oorl)errfd)enbe ^lirnu reigenb, benn §i£e fotoofyl roie $alte roirb 
burd) bie ben ©taai begrengenben grojien ©eeen roefentlict) moberirt. EDie 
meiften gltiffe tjaben ftarfeg ©efatte unb bieten Ijtnreid)enb ©elegenf)eit gur 
EBertoenbung oon Effiafferfraft. 

E£)ie grojjten gltiffe finb ber 2Bi§confin, ber gos, ber (Eljippetoa unb ber 
©t. (Eroig. EMufier ben gro&en ©eeen unb bem ©ee 2Binnebago gibt eg eine 
EDicnge fleiner fdjoner ©eeen, in beren fpiegeUIarem Staffer eg oon gifdjen 
roimmelt. 

EDer EBoben ift im Eftorben gebrodjen, mit fdjroeren $icf)temoaIbern 
betoacfyfen unb nidEjt root)! gum 5!nbau geeignet; ber mittlere unb fiiblictje, 
au3 Eprarieen unb parfdfynlidjen (Eidjenfyainen befteljenbe E£t)eil ift ungefyeuer 
rei$ unb frud)tbar unb bringt grofje Duantitaien Effieigen, EDtaig, §afer, 
©erfte, Hartoffehr, £abad, §opfen u. f. to. f)eroor. EBon ESalbtfjieren 
trifft man nod) bag (Elentfjier, ben §irfdf), ben EBaren, guctjg, SBolf, SBiber 
u. f. m. an. galjlreidfjeg ©eflligel, ingbefonbere EJBafferoogel, nafjet fidfj 
oon bem rotlben Efteig an Den Eftdnbern ber ga!j!reid)en ©eeen. 

&ie §auptinbuftrieergeugniffe befteljen in (Eifen, EBauIjoIg, lanbroirtfj* 
fcfjaftlicfjen ©eratljen, EUtefjl, ©pirituofen unb EBier. (Eine ungefjeuere 
EOtenge EIBeigen roirb gebaut. ©rofie 2(ufmer!famfeit roibmet man ber 
EBiefjgudfjt unb ben EDfaldjereiprobuften. ber Efrobuftion oon EJSode unb 
£afe fteljt ber ©taat |e§r I)od). 

3a!)!reid^e (Eifenbuljnen, in EBerbinbung mit oielen Effiaffertoegen, 
erleid)tern ben EUtorftoerfefjr unb Ijelfen bie natlirlid)en §ilfgqueflen gu 
entfalten unb ben Efteicfjtljum unb bie gnbuftrieen beg Sanbeg gu oermeljren. 
Sine ©efyengrourbigfeit finb geroiffe (Erbtoerfe, toeldje bie ©eftafo oon 
EDtenfcfjen unb E£I)ieren tjaben. 


200 


The States. 


Milwaukee, population 204,468, the chief city and port of the 
State, is delightfully situated on the west shore of Lake Michigan, 
ninety miles from Chicago. Its harbor is six miles long and three 
miles wide. It is a wheat and lumber market and has extensive 
manufactures, among which the breweries are the most important. 

The city contains 100 churches and many public and private 
schools and other valuable institutions. It has a very large German 
population and many Scandinavians and Bohemians. 

Oshkosh, La Crosse, Eau Claire, Racine, Madison, population 
13,426, the State capital, Fond du Lac, Sheboygan, Appleton, 
Janesville, Wausau, Watertown, Chippewa Falls, Menasha, Green 
Bay, Kenosha are important cities. 

About 300 newspapers are published. 

The constitution of the State grants the right to suffrage, to every 
male citizen 21 years of age, and also to all persons who have declared 
their intentions to become citizens, and who have resided in the State 
one year. 


MICHIGAN. (“ Wolverine or Lake State.”) 

Area: 57,430 square miles. Population: 1,700,000. 

This State is divided by Lakes Michigan and Huron into two 
irregular peninsulas. 

In the upper peninsula are the Porcupine Mountains, rising to a 
height of 2,000 feet, with plains and forests. The lower is a level, rich, 
fertile country of prairies and oak openings, watered by numerous 
rivers, the largest of which are the Grand, Kalamazoo, Muskegon, and 
Saginaw. 

The soil and the climate are well adapted for agricultural pursuits. 
Thus the agricultural and other material prosperity of Michigan has 
kept pace with the rapid increase of population, and the advances made 
in the way of popular education are truly wonderful. Among the 
schools of higher class are the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, 
the State Normal School and the State Agricultural College at Lansing. 



3) i e Staaten. 


201 


TOlreauJee, mit 204,468 ©inrooljnern, bie 9Jtetropole unb ber §afcn 
beS ©taateS, liegt reigenb am reeftlidben lifer beS 3ffid&igan*©ee3, neungig 
3JietIcrt non Chicago. ©ein §afen ift fed^s SJteilen lang unb brei ^Jcetten 
Breit. ©tc ©tabt Ijat einen bebeutenben SBeigen* unb §olgmarft unb 
betracf)tlicf)e gabrifanlagen, non benen bie Srauereien rooljl Die roidjtigften 
finb. ■’Dtilreaufee l)at 100 $ird(jen, niele off entitle unb ^Srinatfcljulen 
unb anbere fdfjatjbare Snftitute. Gin grower 2$eil bee Senolferung beftefjt 
att§ ®eutfdjen ; aud; leben niele ©fanbinanier unb Soljmen bort. 

Dfbfofl), 2a Groffe, @au Glaire, Racine, ^abifon, bie ©taatefjaupt* 
ftabt, mit 13,426 GinrooJ&nern, gonb bu Sac, ©toboggan, Appleton, 
ganeSnille, SBaufau, 2Baterloron, Gljipperea galls, 9Jtenafl)a, ©reen Sag 
unb $enof(ja finb ebenfall* bebeutenbe ©table. 

Ungefdfyr 300 geitungen tnerben publigirt. 

$)ie ©onftitution be§ ©taateS geroaljrt nidjt nur jebern Siirger non 
21 $$a(jren, fonbern audj alien benjenigen baS ©timmred^t, reeldje ein 3^r 
lang im ©taate geroofynt unb bie Slbfid^t funbgegeben fjaben, Slirger gu 
reerben. 


9Jittf)tgan. („£>amfter= ober ©eeftaat".) 
gladjeninljalt: 57,430 Ouabratmeilen. Senblferung : 1,700,000. 

liefer ©taat reirb burcf) ben 9)tid)igan= unb §uron=©ee in greet 
ungleidje §albinfeln getbeilt. 

3n ber oberen §albinfel liegen, bis gu einer §o(je non 2,000 guj$ 
auffteigenb, bie ^orcupine=Serge mit ©benen unb SBalbungen. 2Die umere 
$albinfel ift flacfyeS, reidfjeS, frucfytbareS $rarielanb mit ©icf)enlicf)tungen, 
bereaffert non gaf)lreicf)en gliiffen, non benen ber ©ranb, ^alamagoo, 
■Btefegon unb ©aginaro bie grojjten finb. 

©ie Sobenbefd^affenbeit unb baS $lima eignen fidfj feljr gut fur 
Slderbaubetrieb. 2>arum §at ber lanbreirtljfdfjaftlidfje unb fonftige materielle 
9Sol)lftanb 9fticl)iganS gleicfyen ©d&ritt geljalten mit ber rafcf)en 3unaf)tne 
ber Senolferung, unb bie gortfd^ritte, reelcfje auf bem ©ebiet ber Soils* 
ergieljung gemadfjt reorben finb, finb in ber £l>at reunberbar. Untcr ben 
©cfjulen l)ol)erer Drbnung finb bie 9Jticf)iganer Uninerfirdt in 2lnn Slrbor, 
bie ftaatlidje 9tormalfd;ule unb baS ftaatlicfye 9lderbaucolleg in Sanfing gu 
errealjnen. 


202 


The States. 


The mineral deposits are immense, especially those of copper and 
iron; the coal field covers an extent of 7,000 square miles ; the saline 
regions are very important. The lumber trade has expanded into 
prodigious dimensions. Manufacturing interests are also considerable. 
Michigan ranks high as an agricultural State. Large crops of wheat, 
corn, oats and potatoes are produced, as also great quantities of wool, 
butter and cheese. Orchards are abundant. 

The copper mines are the richest known; the Calumet copper 
mines are the largest, giving employment to 3000 men. 

The chief manufacture of the State consists of the products of the 
saw mill, and is greater than that of any other State. 

The railroad connections are enormous. 

The climate of the southern portion is mild, while in the north 
the winters are cold and vigorous. 

Lansing, population 13,102, is the capital of the State. 

Detroit, population 205,876, on Detroit River, is finely located 
for trade and commerce and controls a large trade in Canada. 

Grand Rapids, population 60,278, is an important railway center. 
East Sagiuaw, Bay City, Jackson, Muskegon, Kalamazoo, Port Huron, 
Battle Creek, Flint, Adrian, Ann Arbor are very important cities. 

The German population is large throughout the State. 


MINNESOTA. (“ Gopher State.”) 

Area: 83,365 square miles. Population: 1,301,826. 

Minnesota is justly considered one of the most favored regions on 
the continent as a home for an agricultural and manufacturing 
population. Three fourths of the State are fine, rolling prairie, 
interspersed with frequent groves of timber and innumerable lakes, and 
drained by numerous streams. 

The navigable rivers are the Mississippi, Minnesota, St. Croix, 
St. Louis, Root, and the Red River of the north. There are no high- 
elevations. 


$)te Staaten. 


203 


*5)ie 9)lineraloorratl)e finb unermeglid), ingbefonbere bie non $upfer 
unb ©fen. ^ag ^oljlengebiet Ijat einen Umfang non 7,000 Buabrat* 
meilen. £ie ©a!ine=5Berfe ftnb fef)r betradjtlidf). $)er ©o^anbel ^at 
erftaunlicf)e SDimenfionen angenommen. 2Iud^ bag gabriftnefen tft bebeutenb. 
Sefcttberg I)od^ aber ftefjt ^icfpgan alg Stcferbauftaat. -JBegen, 9Kaig, 
ftafer unb Karloffeln bringen retc^e ©rnten ; audf) SSotte, Sutter unb $afe. 
Dbftgcirten ftnb in §itHe unb guile norfyanben. 

T)ie $upferminen ftnb bie reid)ijalttgften, bte man fennt; bte groftten 
barunter bie ©alumet=$upferminen, tneldje 3,000 ^erfonen befcf)aftigen. 

£ie ^auptfad^lic^fien fyabrifer^eugniffe liefern bie ©agemuljlen, bereti 
eg in biefetn ©taate gropere gibt, alg in irgenb einem anberen. 

^ie ©ifenbaljnoerbinbungen finb grofeartig. 

$)ag ^lima ift im ©uben milb, ber 9torben bagegen ^at falte, ftrenge 
SBinter. 

Sanfing, rnit 13,102 ©intooljnern, ift bie §auptftabt beg ©taateg. 

^Detroit, mit 205,876 ©imnof)nern, am Detroit Seiner, f>at eine feine 
Sage flir §anbel unb Serfeljr unb beljerrfcfjt gu einem graven SCfjeile audj 
bie barite ©attabag. 

©ranb Sftapibg, mit 60,278 ©intnofjnern, ift ein tnicf)tiger ©ifenbalpts 
fnotenpunft. 2Inbere ©tabte non Sebeutung finb ©aft ©aginatn, Sag 
©itg, ^acffon, 3Jtu§!egon, ^alama^oo, Sort §uron, Sattle ©reef, glint, 
2lbrian unb 2lnn Slrbor. 

$Die beutfcfje Senolferung ift iiberatl im ©taate ftarf. 


9Jlmttefota. („©op^er=©taat".) 
gladjeninfjalt: 83,365 Quabratmeilen. Senolferung : 1,301,826. 

SRinnefota gilt mit 9fted)t flir einen ber benorgugteften ©taaten auf 
bem ©ontinent, in bem eine 2lcferbau= unb gafmftreibenbe Senolferung fic§ 
beimifd) fallen fann. Drei Siertel beg ©taateg ift feineg, mettigeg 
Srarielattb, nielfad) unterbrodjen non ^olgbeftanben unb $al)lIofen ©eeen, 
unb beroaffert non gabfreic^en ©tromen. 

©c^iffbar finb ber SDftffiffippi, TOnnefota, ©t. ©roij, ©t. Souig, 
9ioot unb ber SReb $Riner beg ^orbeng. ©g gibt feine nennengtoertljen 
Sobenerbebungen. 


204 


The States. 


The climate is healthy and invigorating. The atmosphere in 
summer is very clear, cool and pleasant; the nights are cool and 
bracing. The winters are dry, there being an almost entire absence of 
rain or moisture. 

No state in the Union exhibits more rapid progress in agricultural 
pursuits than Minnesota. Wheat is the staple article while oats, corn 
and barley thrive admirably. Potatoes are unsurpassed in quality, and 
their yield is most prolific, averaging 120 bushels to the acre. Beans, 
beets, peas, and all kinds of garden vegetables are grown in abundance ; 
nearly all varieties of small fruits are cultivated. 

Copper, iron, coal and other minerals, such as salt, lime etc. are 
found. A large business is also done in lumber and the manufacturing 
of agricultural implements, furniture, carriages, pumps etc., is carried 
on extensively. The chief manufacturing establishments are the flour 
mills ; the largest are in Minneapolis. 

Natural curiosities are the celebrated falls of St. Anthony and the 
Minnehaha Falls. 

There are numerous wild animals. Furbearing animals and 
feathered game are abundant. 

The number of railroads is constantly increasing. 

Powerful Indian tribes occupy portions of the State. 

The schools and colleges are of a high order of excellence. 

There are more than two hundred newspapers and periodicals. 

St. Paul is the capital of the State. Population 133,156. The 
city is delightfully situated and is the chief railroad and commercial 
center of the State. 

Minneapolis-, population 164,738, is ten miles above St. Paul. 
There are great flour and saw mills. It is the largest milling center of 
the world. 

Duluth, Stillwater, Winona, Mankato, Red Wing, Faribault, 
Rochester, St. Cloud are among the most flourishing cities. 

Half of the population are foreigners of which the most 
predominating are Germans. 


2) i e ©taaten. 


205 


T)aS $lima ift gefunb unb ftarfenb. $)ie 2ltmofpl)are tft tm ©ommer 
fef)r rein, fiiljl unb angeneljm. $)ie 9tddfjte finb fiifjl unb bie Minter 
troden, ba Sfogen unb geud)tig!eit faft ganglicl) auSbleiben. 

$ein ©taat in ber Union roeift einen rafdjeren f^ortfd^ritt in lanbs 
roirtfyfdf)aftlicf)er 23e§iel)ung auf alS Minnefota. Mei§en ift ber §aupt* 
artifel, aber audj §afer, MaiS unb ©erfte gebei^en portrefflicl). $artoffeln 
finb nirgcnbs beffer anjutreffen unb finb aufterorbentlidfj eintraglidf), inbem 
ber 2lder burdfjfdjnittlicb 120 33uf^el einbringt. $DaS 2anb bringt SBoljnen, 
rotlje fRiiben, ©rbfen unb alle Slrten non (ftartengemtifen in Ueberflufj 
pernor, unb faft atfc ©orten non fleineren griicfden toerben gegogen. 

£upfer, (Sifen, $ol)len unb anbere Mineralien, roie ©alg, $alf u. f. ip., 
finben fic^ nor. 2lucf) mit ^uljljolg roerben gro{$e ©efdfjafte gemadjt unb bie 
gabritation non 2lderbaugeratljen, Mobeln, Magen, ^umpen u. f. ro. 
mirb in grofiartigem Mafjftabe betrieben. £)ie bebeutenbften gabrif* 
anlagen finb bie ©etreibemlifylen; bie grojgten berfelben befinben fid^ in 
Minneapolis. 

9taturmerfnmrbigfeiten finb bie beriiljmten MafferfaKe beS ©t. 
2lntfyonp unb bie Minnefyafyasgade. 

@S gibt galjlreidfje roilbe £f)iere; $elgtl)iere unb jagbbareS ©eflligel 
finb in Menge norljanben. 

SDie 3a§l ber @ifenba()nen nimmt beftanbig gu. 

Madjtige !gnbianerftdmme fjaufen nocfj in einigen Sweden beS ©taateS. 

3)ie ©d)ulen unb ©odegien ftef>en fef)r fjocf). 

@s erfcf)einen liber 200 geitungen unb periobifc^e flatter. 

©t. $aul ift bie §auptftabt beS ©taateS (133,156 (Simoofjner). 
©ie ©tabt liegt reigenb unb ift ber Ijauptfddjjlicfjfte @ifenba^n= unb 
§anbelSmittelpunft beS ©taateS. 

Minneapolis, mit 164,738 (Sinroofynern, liegt geljn Meilen oberljalb 
©t. $aul. @S ift bie bebeutenbfte ©agemiiljlenftabt ber Melt. 

Slnbere blliljenbe ©tdbte finb 2)ulutfj, ©txdmater, 33inona, Manfato, 
dteb Ming, garibault, 9tocf)efter unb ©t. Gloub. 

2)ie §alfte ber 23eoolferung finb grembgeborene unb unter biefett 
fyerrfdjen bie SDeutfdjen nor. 


m 


The States. 


IOWA. (“ Hawkeye State.”) 

Area: 55,475 square miles. Population: 1,911,896. 

Iowa, “ The Beautiful Land” has no mountains. Its surface is 
generally a beautiful rolling prairie with belts of wellgrown timber. 
The rivers are the Mississippi and Missouri on its eastern and western 
borders, and the Des Moines, Iowa, Red Cedar and their branches. 

The soil possesses the greatest fertility. The mineral resources 
are very important, principally constituted of bituminous coal, lead, 
iron and building stone. 

The climate is healthy, but the winters are severe. 

There are five great railways which traverse the State. 

Iowa ranks formost in agriculture. The principal products are 

corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, potatoes, flax, tobacco, castorbeans etc., 
apples, pears, cherries are raised in abundance. The dairy interests 
are important. 

The manufacturing establishments are very numerous; there are 
paper and woolen mills, saw mills, foundries, factories of agricultural 
implements etc. 

Iowa will favorably compare with any other state in point of 
facilities for education. There are many daily and weekly papers, 
published in English and German. 

The manufacture and sale of liquors of any kind is prohibited. 

Des Moines, population 50,093, the capital of the State, is a good 
manufacturing place and an important railroad center. 

Keokuk, Fort Madison, Burlington, Muscatine, Davenport, 
Clinton, Bellevue and Dubuque are the chief river ports. Council 
Bluffs, Cedar Rapids, Ottumwa are important cities. 

Iowa has a large German population. 

MISSOURI. (“The Pennsylvania of the West.”) 

Area: 69,445 square miles. Population: 2,679,184. 

Missouri is situated nearly in the geographical center of the Union, 
in the Mississippi Valley. 


$ i e 6 t a a t e n. 


207 


Sottm. („galfenaugenftaat".) 

gladgeningalt: 55,475 Quabratmeilen. Benolferung: 1,911,896. 

Soma, „bag prdcgtige £anb", f;at feine Berge. Seine Dberflacge ift 
oonoiegenb eine prdcgtige, toeftenformige Brarie ntit ©treifen itppigen 
©albgeldnbeg. SDie fylliffe finb auger bem ^Qlifftfftppi unb Bitffouri, 
tnelcge bie oftlicge unb toeftlicge ©renje bilben, ber ‘Deg ©oineg, ber Jjotoa, 
ber 3teb (Sebar unb beren .ftufliiffe. 

Der Boben ift ungetnein frucgtbar. Die ©ineraloorratge finb non 
grower ©icgtigfeit unb beftegen oor^uggtoeife in erbgargiger ®ogle, 33Iei, 
@ifen unb Baufteinen. 

Dag ^lirna ift gefunb, aber bie ©inter finb ftreng. 

giinf groge @ifenbagnen laufen burcg ben ©taat. 

3n Be$ug auf Slderbau ntmmt ^£>n)a eine ber erften ©teUen ein. Die 
igauptbobenergeugniffe finb ©aig, ©eigen, 9foggen, §afer, ©erfte, 
^artoffeln, glacgg, Dabacf, ^aftorbognen u. f. to. Bon Dbft raerben 
Slepfel, Birnen unb ^irfcgen maffentoeife gegogen. ©ilcgereien finb fegr 
bebeutenb. 

2lucg gabrifen finb gaglreicg. @g gibt Rapiers unb ©otlemnaarens 
fabrifen, ©dgemiiglen, ©iegereien, gabrilen ftir Slderbaugeratge u. f. to. 

©ag bag ©rgiegunggtoefen angegt, fo fann 2>oroa ben Berglekg mit 
jebem anberen ©taate auggalten. @g gibt oiete taglicge unb todcgentlicge 
^eitungen in englifcger unb beutfdger ©pracge. 

Die §erftellung unb ber Berfauf non ©pirituofen jeber 2lrt ift 
nerboten. 

Deg ©oineg, ntit 50,093 ©imoognern, ift bie §auptftabt beg ©taateg 
unb bebeutenb atg gabrifftabt unb ©ifenbagnfnotenpunft. 

$eofuf’, gort ©abifon, Burlington, ©ugcatine, Danenport, Glinton, 
Betfeoue unb Dubuque finb bie namgafteften gluggafen. 9teben biefen 
nerbienen Council Blup, Gebar 9tapibg unb Dttumrna genannt gu tnerben. 

Sotna gat eine ftarle beutfcge Beodlferung. 

©tffourt. („Dag ^ennfplnania beg ©efteng".) 

glacgeningalt: 69,445 Quabratmeiten. Beodlferung: 2,679,184. 

©iffouri liegt im ©iffiffippitgale faft in ber geograpgifcgen ©itte ber 
Union. 


208 


The States. 


The principal rivers are the Mississippi and the Missouri, both 
have numerous tributaries. The Missouri divides the State into two 
halves, of which the northern part is undulating and mostly level, and 
the southern part hilly and mountainous, having the Iron mountains in 
the southeast, and the Ozark mountains in the southwest. Extensive 
bottom lands lie along the Mississippi, with many lakes, lagoons and 
swamps. The forests are so extensive that wild animals and game and 
game birds are numerous. 

Missouri is rich in minerals, gold, silver, lead, iron, copper, 
nickel ; extensive coalfields embrace about one third of the State. 
Mineral springs are found in great number. 

The valleys are rich and productive; the prairies of the northwest 
are very fertile, and well adapted for the raising of wheat, corn, 
tobacco, wine and fruits. 

The climate is subject to frequent changes. The summers are hot 
and the winters are severe, even the largest rivers being sometimes 
frozen entirely over. The State is generally healthy except in some of 
the lower river sections. 

Agriculture is the leading industry. Coal and iron mining are 
extensively carried on in the section south of St. Louis. In horticulture 
the vine takes the lead. It has been estimated that the vineyards yield 
an average of 250 gallons wine per acre. 

The railroad system of Missouri is well advanced. 

The school system of Missouri ranks among the highest. In St. 
Louis and other cities the schools are well managed and of an excellent 
character. There are many private schools, academies, colleges and 
universities. There are about 350 newspapers. Many churches of 
almost every denomination are in the State. 

The capital of the State is Jefferson City, population 6,732, on the 
Missouri River. 

St. Louis, population 451,770, is the metropolis of the State. It 
is beautifully located on the Mississippi and contains many handsome 
buildings. The city is connected with East St. Louis, Ill., by a 
magnificent bridge, 2,225 feet in length and 54 feet wide, costing 
nearly 10,000,000 dollars. St. Louis has many fine parks. It has 
always been noted for its wealth, the culture of its inhabitants, its fine 
society and the beauty of its women. The German population of 
St. Louis is very large and wealthy. The city has many foundries and 


£) t e Staaten. 


209 


SDie §auptftrome finb ber unb ber 9Jhffouri, unb jeber t)ott 

biejen gat gagtreidge ^ebenfliiffe. 3)er ^[Riffouri tgeilt ben ©taat in gmei 
§alften, non benen bie notblicge mellenformig unb meiften^ eben, bie 
flibltd^e aber giigelig unb gebirgig ift, ba im ©iiboften bie ©ifenberge unb 
im ©iibmeften ba3 Dwarfs ©ebirge gineinf alien. SluSgebegnte 9tieberungen 
mil nielen ©eeen, Sagunen unb ©iimpfen begteiten ben Sauf beS ;Jftiffiffippi. 
©ie SBalbungen finb fo umfangreicg, bag milbe Sgiere, 2Bilb unb jagbbare 
33ogel in 9Jtenge barin oorfommen. 

9)iiffouri ift reicg an s Mneralien, ©olb, ©ilber, 33lei, ©ifen, $upfer 
unb 9tictel. 2lu$gebegnte ^oglcnfelber negmen beinage ein Srittel beS 
0taate§ ein. 9Jttneralquellen finben fid^ in grower gagl. 

$)i>e £gdler finb retd^ unb ergiebig; befonberS frudgtbar finb bie 
^prdrien be3 9?orbroeften§, bie ficg fiir 2Beigen=, 9Jtai§=, £abacf=, SBein* 
unb Dbftbau fegr gut eignen. 

2)a3 $lima ift Jegr oerfcgiebenartig. 2)ie ©ommer finb geig unb t>ie 
2Binter ftreng; felbft bie grogten glliffe frieren guroeilen oollftdnbig gu. 
$)er 0taat ift im allgemeinen gefunb, auSgenommen in mandfjen ber tiefer 
gelegenen glugregionen. 

Slcferbau ift bie §auptbefcgdftigung. $oglen= unb ©ifengecgen gibt e§ 
fegr r»iele in bem $>iftrift fiiblicg non ©t. SouiS. 2Ba§ ©artenbau betrifft, 
ftegt ber 2Bein obenan. 3Jtan gat berecgnet, bag bie -JBeinberge burcg* 
fcgnittlicg 250 ©allonen 2Bein per Slcfer einbringen. 

3Jtiffouri’§ (Sifenbagnfpftem ift fegr gut entroitfelt. 

'DaS ©cgulmefen ftegt in bem ©taate fegr gocg. 3 n Soui§ unb 
anberen ©tabten ftegen bie offentlicgen ©cgulen unter tiicgtiger Seitung unb 
finb oorgiiglicg. ^aneben beftegen oiele $Prioatfcgulen, Slfabemien, @ofle= 
gien unb Unioerfitaten. @3 gibt an 350 .geitungen in bem ©taate unb 
gaglreicge ^ircgen faft jebeS ©laubenSbefenntniffeS. 

$)ie §auptftabt be3 ©taate§ ift Sefferfon Gitp mit 6,732 Gsinmognent 
an bem 5ftiffourifIug. 

©t. BouiS, mit 451,770 ©inmognern, ift bie 9fletropole. @3 ift 
pracgtig gelegen am TOffiffippi unb entgalt oiele fcgone ©ebaube. $)ie 
©tabt ift mit Dft=©t. Boui3, 311., burcg eine gerrlicge, 2,225 gug lange 
unb 54 gug breite 33riicfe oerbunben, bie nagegu $10,000,000 geloftet gat. 
©t. BouiS gat oiele fdgone $arf3. @3 mar ftets megen feineS SkicgtgumS, 
megen ber S3ilbung feiner Osinmogner, megen feiner feinen ©efellfcgaft unb 
megen ber ©cgongeit feiner grauen berugmt. 2)ie beutfcge Seoolferung 
oon ©t. £oui3 ift fegr ftarf unb rooglgabenb. ®ie ©tabt befitjt oiele 


210 


The S t a t e s. 


factories of every kind and some of the largest breweries in the United 
States. It may boast of its well edited English and German papers, 
whose circulation is enormous. 

Kansas City, a city of 132,416 inhabitants, is situated on high 
bluffs, at the junction of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers. It is 
extensively engaged in railroad, manufacturing, the live stock trade, 
grain shipping, beef and pork packing, etc. 

St. Joseph, with 52,324 inhabitants, situated on the Missouri River, 
has large industries. Sedalia, Springfield, Hannibal, Joplin, Cape 
Girardeau, Columbia, Mexico etc. are important and growing towns. 


NEBRASKA. 

% 

Area: 76,185 square miles. Population: 1,058,910. 

This State presents a field of attractive and magnificent proportions 
to the agriculturist. 

The chief rivers are the Missouri, the Niobrara, the Platte or 
Nebraska, the Republican Fork and their branches. The Platte 
valley is broad and fertile. The surface is rolling prairie, well 
adapted to the cultivation of all agricultural produce. The wild grasses 
grow luxuriantly both upon the bottom and table lands and are more 
nutritious and better adapted to the successful raising of sheep and 
horned cattle than the cultivated grasses of the Eastern States. 
Thousands of cattle are being brought from Texas and fattened on these 
wild grasses. The river bottoms are fertile and well timbered. 

Few metals or minerals have been found yet. 

The climate is mild and dry, but drought rarely damages the 
crops. There is no malaria. 

• Nebraska is an agricultural and stock raising state. Cattle raising 
is one of the most important interests, there being 23,000,000 acres in 
the grazing region. The manufacturing interests are making rapid 
development. There are large smelting works at Omaha, where large 
quantities of gold and silver bearing ores are smelted. There are also 
flour mills, foundries, railway car works and many other manufactories. 

There are graded schools in many towns and high schools in every 
town and a number of colleges, a State University and many private 
schools. 


£> i c 6taaten. 


211 


G5iej$ereien unb gabrifen aller 2lrt imb einige ber grojsten Srauereien in 
ben 33ereinigten ©taaten. ©ie barf auf iljre gutrebigirten englifcfyen unb 
beutfcf)en geitungen unb beren enorme Girfulation ftolj fein. 

5l'anfa§ Gitp, eine ©tabt non 132,416 Ginroofynern, liegt auf fteiler 
Slnfyofje am gufammenflug beg $anfag unn beg Rtiffouri. Gg ift etne 
belebte ©tabt infolge feiner Gifenbaljnen, gabrifen, feineg 33iefjljanbelg 
unb feineg Rerfanbtg non Gletreibe, Rinb= unb ©djroetnefletfdj. 

©t. Sofepfj, mit 52,324 Ginrooljnern, am Rtiffouri ift ebenfaUg eine 
bebeutenbe Snbuftrieftabt. Rudf) ©ebalia, ©pringfieib, $annibal, goplin. 
Gape ©irarbeau, Golumbia, Rtesico u. f. ro. finb aufftrebenbe ©tdbte 
non 33ebeutung. 


Rcbragfa. 

gladjjeninljalt: 76,185 Quabratmeilen. 53eoolferung: 1,058,910. 

Diefer ©taat fjat ftir 'ben Sanbmirtlj aufcerorbentlid) oiel 9Ser= 
locfenbeg. 

Die §auptfluffe finb ber Riiffouri, ber Niobrara, bie ^latte ober 
Rebragfa, ber Republican, ein Ruglaufer beg $anfag, unb beren Rebenfluffe. 
Dag Dljal ber $latte ift breit unb frud)tbar. Die Dberflacfye ift roeEigeg 
$rarielanb, in toeldfjem aEe Ianbrairtl)fcf)aftli<f)en Grjeugniffe gut gebeiljen. 
Die in ben Rieberungen fomoljt roic auf bem tafelformigen §od^lanb iippig 
madfjfenben railben ©rafer finb nafjrljafter unb fur eine gebeiljUcfje ©djjaf* 
unb §orntriel) 5 ud(jt beffer geeignet alg bie cultioirten ©rdfer ber oftlid^en 
©taaten. 3 U Daufenben mirb bag Rinboielj aug Dejag l)ierljer gebradfjt 
unb mit biefen 2Bilbgrafern gemaftet. Die gluftnieberungen finb frud^tbar 
unb mof)lbemalbet. 

RtetaEe ober Rtineralien f)at man bis jetjt nodj menig gefunben. 

Dag $(ima ift milb unb trodlen, aber felten fdjabet Durre ben Grnten. 
SRalaria gibt eg nidjt. 

Rebragfa ift ein Rdferbau= unb 23ief)3ucf)t=©taat. Da 23,000,000 
SXcfer ©raglanb oorljanben finb, fo ift 23ief)3ucf)t naturlidj bie oormiegenbe 
$8efcf)dftigunggart. Rber aud) ^abrift^atigleit entmicfelt fief) rafd). gn 
Dtnalja gibt eg grof$e ©cfjmelgofen, mo golb= unb filberljaltige Grge maffen* 
rceife gefdfjmolgen merben. 2- r ucf) ©etreibemitljlen, ©iefjereicn, Gifenbaljn= 
reagent unb oiele anbere gabrifen beftefyen. 

©djulen mit $Iaffencint§eilung gibt eg in oielen ©tabten unb §odj* 
fdjjulen in jeber ©tabt; baneben eine Rngal)! oon GoEegien, eine ©taatgs 
Unioerfitat unb oiele ^rioatfcfjulcn. 


212 


The States. 


\ 


Lincoln is the capital of the State. Population 55,491. 

Omaha, population 140,452, is the chief city of the State, on the 
Missouri River. Its growth has been immense. Being the terminus 
of transcontinental railroads, its agricultural, manufacturing and 
commercial interests are extensive. A fine iron rail bridge spans the 
Missouri River, connecting with Council Bluffs. 

Other important cities are : Hastings, Plattsmouth, Nebraska City, 
Beatrice, Grand Island, Fremont etc. 


KANSAS. 

Area: 81,700 square miles. Population: 1,427,096. 

Kansas, the “ Garden of the West,” received its name from its 
chief river and means in the Indian language “smoky water.” 

Its surface is undulating with no mountains but there are numerous 
grass-covered hills and bluffs from 200 to 300 feet in height. Its 
principal rivers are the Kansas, Missouri, Smoky Hill, Republican, the 
Big Blue, the Arkansas and the Osage. There is an abundance of water 
and waterpower in the State. The soil is very fertile, producing all 
the cereals; even fruits, hemp, cotton and tobacco are raised. The 
soil is either a clay loam or a sandy loam. The eastern part is specially 
adapted for farming and the other to grazing purposes. The wild 
growth of mulberry is very favorable to silk culture. Timber is 
abundant in the eastern but scarce in the western part. Bituminous 
coal is found in the eastern part of the state ; the coal bearing region 
embraces an area of 17,000 square miles. Salt is found in abundance, 
there being numerous fields in every part of the State ; in the reservation 
of the Osage Indians is a salt field, 30 miles wide and sixty miles long, 
probably the largest in the world. 

Building materials are of excellent quality: the “ Leavenworth 
marble”, the “ Permin limestone” and a very fine sandstone. 

The staple articles, produced in Kansas are : Corn, wheat, oats, 
sugar-cane, flax, broom-corn, sweet potatoes, tobacco, castor beans, 
cotton, apples peaches, grapes; hay, buckwheat, barley, rye, potatoes, 
sorghum, butter and cheese. 

Cattle, sheep, bogs, and horses are raised in great number. 


2) i c © t a a t c it. 


213 


Lincoln ift bie §auptftabt beg ©taateg. @g b a * 55,491 (ginroobner. 

2 )ie bebeutenbfte ©tabt im ©taate, bie in ber le^tert geit ungef)euer 
geroacbfen ift, ift Drnafya am 5fJliffouvi, mit 140,452 (Smroofynern. £)ie 
lanbroirthfcbaftlicben, gabrif* unb £>anbelsintereffen biefer ©tabt finb, ba 
^ier ber ©nbpunft ber irangcontinentalen @ifenba!)nen ift, fe!)r betrdcbtlidb. 
©ine fdbone eiferne ©ifenbabnbrudEe liber ben Rtiffouri nerbinbet biefelbemit 
Council Sluffg. 

Slnbere roicbtige ©tdbte finb : §aftingg, ^tattgmoutb, Rebragfa (Sitp, 
Beatrice, ©ranb 33lanb, gremont u. f. to. 


glad^enin^alt: 81,700 Ouabratmeilen. Seoolferung : 1,427,096. 
$anfag, ber „©arten beg SBefteng", bat feinen Ramen non feinem 
ipauptflufj. SDerfelbe bebeutet in ber 3 n ^tanerfprad^e „Raucberigeg 
SBaffer". 

IDie Dberfladfje beg ©taateg ift roettenformig. Serge finb feine ba, 
tnof)I aber ga^Ireid^e gragbebedEte §ligel unb Rnboben non 200—300 gufe 
§obe. £)ie §auptflliffe finb: ber ^anfag, Riiffouri, ©mofp §itt, 
Republican, ber Sig Slue, ber Slrfanfag unb ber Dfage. 2 tn SBaffer unb 
SBafferfraft feblt eg in bem ©taate nid)t. $5er (Srbboben ift feljr frudbtbar 
unb bringt atte §ahnfrlicf)te pernor; felbft Dbft, §anf, Saumrootte unb 
StabadE roerben gebaut. &er oftlid^e St^eil ift oorguggroeife fur Slcferbau, 
ber iibrige flir SBeibe geeignet. $)ag SHIbroacbfen ber Riaulbeerbaume 
fommt ber ©eibengudbt feljr gu ftatten. § 0(3 ift im Often beg ©taateg 
in Rtenge oorbanben, im SBeften bagegen fparlicf). (Srbbargige &o!)le 
finbet ficb im oftlicben X^eil, roofelbft fidf; ein $ob!enbegirf mit einem 
IXmfang non 1,700 Ouabratmeilen befinbet. ©alg ift im Ueberflufj 
oorbanben, ba uberall im ©taate $elber angutreffen finb. $311 ber 
Referoation ber Dfage=!Jnbiaaer liegt ein ©algfelb, roeldbeg 30 Rteilen 
breit unb 60 Rteilen lang ift — roabrfcbeinlicb bag grofjie ber SBelt. 

Saumaterialien non oorgiiglicber Qualitat finb: ber „ 8 eaoenroortb 
Rtarmor", ber „^ermm ^alfftein" unb ein fe^r fcboner ©anbftein. 

£)ie gauptartifel, roelcbe $anfag b^nrorbringt, finb : Riaig, SBei^en, 
§afer, 3udEerrobr, SttadjS, ©tnftcr, $orn, ©uf$fartoffe!n, S^abadE, Jtaftors 
bo^nen, Saumrootte, Repfel, ^firfid^e, 3Beintrauben, §eu, Sudjjroeigen, 
©erfte, Roggen, ^artoffeln, ©orgbum, Sutter unb $afe. 

Rinbnieb, 6cbafe, ©d^roeine unb $ferbe roerben in Rtaffe gegiidljtet. 


214 


The States. 


The prairies contain abundance of game, consisting of a few 
buffaloes, the deer, antilope, wild turkey, wild goose and prairie hen ; 
even the elk and prairie dog are found. 

The manufacturing interests receive great attention. 

The climate is excellent; there are no miasmatic diseases. The 
winters are mild and the summers are warm but not oppressive. 

The schools of Kansas are in a flourishing condition. 

Married women have full control of their earnings. The property 
of a wife at marriage is not merged with that of her husband but 
remains her own. 

No intoxicating liquors can be manufactured nor sold as a very 
stringent prohibitory law exists. 

Topeka is the state capital, population 31,007. It is an important 
railroad center, has extensive manufacturing interests, flour mills, 
carriage manufactories, foundries, brick-kilns, cabinet manufactories, 
rolling mills etc. There are opera houses, good hotels and many fine 
residences. 

Leavenworth, population 19,768, Atchison, Wichita, Lawrence, 
Wyandotte, and Ottawa are important cities. 


NORTH DAKOTA. 

Area: 72,000. Population: 182,719, 

The surface of North Dakota is mostly undulating, consisting of 
fertile prairies. There are no mountains but the margins of the rivers, 
lakes and brooks are fringed with groves of oak, ash, elm, cottonwood 
and maple. The Missouri river courses through the entire State from 
northwest to southeast, and has many tributaries of which the Little 
Missouri and the Dakota are navigable. 

The soil consists of a rich, deep, sandy loam, principally an 
accumulation of decayed vegetable matter, rendering it warm and dry 
for seeding in the early spring-time. 

There are no long-continued droughts, as the annual rainfall 
occurs during the warm and growing seasons, but little moisture falling 
in winter. 


$)ie 6 t a a t c n. 


215 


2luf ben $rarien gi6t e3 fegr oicl 2Bilb : auger oereingelten SBiiffeln, 
Sfcge, 2lntilopen, roilbe £rutgagne, roilbe ©anfe, ^rdriegiigner; fogar ba3 
Gslentgier unb ber ^rariegunb finben ficg nor. 

SDem 5a6ri!roefen mirb groge Slufmerffamfeit gugeroanbt. 

*£)a§ $lima ift au3gejeicgnet; mia3matifcge ^ranfgeiten lommen nicgt 
nor. §)te 2Binter finb milb, bie Sommer marm, aber nicgt erbriidenb geig. 

:Die Scgulen non $anfa§ befinben ficg in blligenbem gufianbe. 

23ergeiratgete grauen gaben unbefcgranfte§ 93erfugung§recgt iiber igr 
jelbftnerbiente3 ©elb. $)a3 SSermogen einer grau oerfcgmiljt tnfobge ber 
§eiratg nicgt mit bem igre§ @gemanne§, fonbern bleibt igr eigen. 

$eine beraufcgenben ©etranfe blirfen fabrigrt ober oerfauft merben, 
benn e3 beftegt ein fegr ftrenge3 ^rogibition3gefeg in biefem Staate. 

£opcfa, mit 31,007 ©inroognern, ift bie Staatsgaupiftabt. @3 ift ein 
micgtiger Csifenbagnfnotenpunft unb befigt lebgafte gabrifgefcgdfte, mie 
©etreibemitglen, SBagenfabrifen, ©iegereien, 23adfteinbrennereien, Sdjrei= 
nereien, SSal^roerfe u. f. m. @3 gibt Sweater, gute §otel3 unb oiele 
fcgone SBogngaufer bort. 

Seaoenmortg mit 19,768 ©imoognern, Sltcgifon, 2Bicgita, Samrence, 
2Bpanbotte unb Dttaroa finb anbere Stabte non 33ebeutung. 

*Rorbs$afota. 

gldcgeningalt: 72,000. SBeoolferung: 182,719. 

<2Die Dberflacge non 9torb=3)afota ift ^umeift roeUenformigeS, frucgtbare3 
^rariegelanbe. 23erge finb nicgt ba, aber bie Jliiffe, Seeen unb 33acge finb 
umfaumt non (Eicgen=, @fcgen=, Ulmen=, 2lgont= unb 33aummollengol^ 
beftanben. $)er 9Jtiffouri burcgfliegt ben gan^en Staat non 9torboften nacg 
Siibroeften. ©r gat oiele s Jtebenfliiffe, non benen ber Sittle 9Jtiffouri unb 
ber SDafota fcgiffbar finb. 

$)er 33oben beftegt au3 einem fetten, tiefen, fanbigen Segm, ben 
§auptbeftanbtgeilen nacg eine 2lngaufung nerroefter s £flan§enftoffen, melcge 
ben 23oben marm unb trod'en gait unb fur grugfaaten im grugling 
tauglicg macgt. 

Slngaltenbe SDlirre fommt nicgt nor, ba in bie ber Sommerroarme 
unb be3 2Bacg3tgum3 ber jagrlicge 9tegenfaH gineinfallt. $$m 2Bimer finb 
bie atmofpgarifcgen 9tieberfcglage gering. 


216 


The States. 

All kinds of vegetables yield abundantly, and the crops of oats, 
wheat, corn, potatoes etc. are enormous. The plains are covered with 
highly nutritious grasses, affording pasture throughout a great part of 
the year. 

The land is rich in coal and other minerals. 

Fur hunting is important. The elk, moose, deer, bears, wolves, 
lynxes, foxes, rabbits, squirrels and other game are found. There are 
plenty of birds, and the rivers and lakes are stocked with excellent fish. 

The climate is healthy, although it is cold in winter. 

The industries consist chiefly of agriculture and stockraising; 
sheep-raising is very profitable. 

There are some farms which consist of over 20,000 acres. 

The State has many good schools. 

The capital of North Dakota is Bismarck, population 2,251, 
situated on the Missouri river. There are many other flourishing cities 
and towns. 

The population consists of Americans, foreigners, Indians, Chinese 
and colored. 

Railroads are rapidly increasing. 


SOUTH DAKOTA. 

Area: 78,932 square miles. Population: 328,808. 

South Dakota has a great variety of surface. Most of it consists 
of rolling prairies, with numerous rivers and lakes. The Black Hills 
in the south western part are the highest elevations. These hills rising 
to almost 7000 feet cover over 6000 square miles and are covered with 
extensive forests of pine and other timber. The “ Bad Lands” a tract 
of barren land, between the White and Big Cheyenne Rivers, became 
noted during the last war with the Sioux Indians. The principal rivers 
are the Missouri, the Big Cheyenne, the White River, the Dakota, the 
Vermillion and the Big Sioux, all navigable. 

The country has some excellent forests with good timber. 

Of minerals, coal is found along the Missouri, and rich gold and 
quartz mines in the Black Hills, and lead and other minerals in other 
parts of the State. 


Die ©taaten. 


217 


2lde 2Irten non ©emltfe gebeil>en reidjticf), unb bie (Srntert non §afer, 
^Beijen, s J!Kaig, ^artoffeln u. bergl. finb enorm. Die (Sbenen finb mit 
rtaf)i*f)aften (Srafern bebecft unb geindljren ben grofjten Dfjeil beg Jjaljreg 
Ijinburcf) gute 3Beiben. 

Dag Sanb ift rcid) an ^ofylen unb anberen 9ttineralien. 

Die ^elgjdgeret ift bebeutenb. Dag ©lentljicr unb §irfd;c, Saren, 
SBblfe, £ud)fe, giidjfe, §afen, ($Hdjf)ornd;en unb anbereg dBilb trip man 
an. Stucf; mete Sogel gibt eg, unb bie gtliffe finb reid) an auggegeicfyncten 
gifdjen. 

'Dag SUima ift gefunb, obfdion eg im SBinter fait ift. 

Die oor^itglidjfte Grmerbgt^dtigfeit ift 2anbroirtl)fd)aft unb Siel^udjt; 
namentlid; ift bie ©djaf^udjt fefjr getninnbringenb. 

OJtan trifft bort garmcn non liber 20,000 2lder an. 

Der ©iaat l)at nietc gutc ©djulen. 

Die ©ifenbaljnen mefjren fic^ rafcf). 

Die ©auptftabt non 9£orb=Dafota ift Sigmard am ‘iDttffouri, mit 2,251 
@intnol>nern. 2fuf$erbem gibt eg aber nod) niele blpcnbe ©tabtc unb 
Dorfer. 

Die Senolferung bcfteljt aug Sfmerifanern, Sfuglanbern, gnbianern, 
Gfjinefen unb garbigen. 


0iib=Dafottt. 

gladjcninljalt: 78,932 Ouabratmeilen. Senolferung : 328,808. 

01ib=Dafota l)at eine feljr nerfdjiebenarttge Sobenbefdjapnfjeit. Der 
grofcte Dljeil befteljt aug tnedenformiger ^rdrie mit gal)lreid)en gflufjen unb 
©eeen. Die „©djrnar 3 en Serge" im fiibineftlidjen Dfjeile entfjalten bie 
Ijocfyften ^punfte. Diefe Serge, toeld)e fid^ big ju einer §o!je non 7,000 
guj$ erljeben unb einen Umfang non 6,000 OTcilen fjaben, finb bebedt mit 
auggebeljnten 2Batbungen, in benen gid)ten unb anbereg Saufjol^ roadjft. 
Die „Sofen Sanber", cin ober Sanbftrid) jtnifdjcn bem 2Bf)ite unb bem 
Sig Gljepenne gluffe, finb burcf) ^ en fefcten $rieg mit ben ©iou£s 
gnbianern beruljmt getnorben. Die §auptfluffe finb ber 3Jliffouri, ber 
Sig Gljepenne, ber 2Bf)ite, ber Dafota, ber Sermidion unb ber Sig ©iou£ ; 
fie finb ade fd)ipar. 

Son 5dineralien rnerben $of)Icn am $diffouri, rcidje ©olbs unb 
Duar^mincn in ben „©djmargen Sergen", Slei unb anbere s 3Jtineralien in 
anberen Dfyeiten beg ©taateg gefunben. 


218 


The States. 


The soil is very fertile and yields abundant crops. Besides the 
cereals, hops, sweet potatoes and other vegetables, grapes, tobacco, all 
kind of berries, plums, etc. are produced. 

The climate is mild and healthy. 

The most beautiful wild flowers adorn the prairies from April to 
October. 

All kind of game is found in the forests and on the prairies. Of 
wild animals, bears, lynxes, and wolves are found. There is also good 
fishing, and birds are plentiful. 

Agriculture is the chief industry of the State. Gold and quartz 
mining is very important. 

The school system is excellent. 

There are over 3000 miles of railroad in North and South Dakota. 
The Northern Pacific, the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and the 
Chicago and Northwestern are the most important lines. 

Pierre is the capital of the State. Sioux Falls, Deadwood and 
other cities are rapidly increasing. 

There are several Indian reservations. The Sioux alone have 
56,000 square miles of land. There are about 28,000 Indians in the 
State. 


THE WESTERN OR PACIFIC STATES. 

The* Pacific States comprise more than one third of the whole 
country. They are bounded in the north by Canada, east by Dakota, 
Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, in the south by Mexico and west by the 
Pacific Ocean. 

The Rocky mountains, the Sierra Nevada, the Cascade Range and 
the Coast Range are in this section. 

The Columbia, Sacramento, San Joaquin, Colorado, Rio Grande 
and the Yellowstone are the chief rivers. 

The climate is cool and dry. In some region hardly any rain 

falls. 

The industries are mining, stock-raising and agriculture in the 
western section. 


2) i e 6 t a a t e n. 


21* 


$er Soben ift fe^r frucf)tbar unb bring! ungeljeuere (Srnten pernor. 
Sluder ©etreibe roerben §opfen, ©iifcfartoffeln, ©etmife, Xrauben, Xabacf, 
able moglidjen 2lrten non 23eeren, ^Sflaumen u. bergl. probugirt. 

$)ag $lima ift milb unb gefunb. 

2>ie l)errlidjften roilben Slumen fcf)mucfen bie $rdrien non 2lpril big 
gum Oftober. 

2We Slrten non Sffiilb finben fief) in ben SBdlbern unb auf ben 
^rarien. 3Son roilben £f)ieren trifft man 33aren, Bucfyfe unb SSolfe. 
Xev fjifd^fang ift gut unb SSbgel gibt eg in 3Jlenge. 

2anbroirtf)fcf)aft ift bie §auptbefcf)dftigung ber £anbegberoo£)ner. 
$>er ©olb* unb Quarg=23ergbau ift feljr bcbeutenb. 

$)ag ©cijulfpftem ift auggegeicfynet. 

@g beftefjen iiber 3000 -JTtetlen @ifenba§nen in 9^orb= unb ©iibs 
3)afota. §)ie ;*ftortljern pacific, bie Chicago, ^ilroaulee unb ©t. $aul, 
unb bie Chicago unb %Drtl)roeftern finb bie bemcrfengroertfjeften 33af)nen. 

^ierre ift bie §auptftabt beg ©taateg. ©iouj; gallg, SDeabrooob unb 
anbere ©tabte oergrbfjern fief) fefyr rafef). 

@g befteljen nocf) einige ^nbianer s Sffefernationen. 3)ie ©ious= 
gnbianer allein befi^en 56,000 Quabratmeilen Sanbeg. 3 m ©angen 
leben ungefafjr 28,000 £$nbianer im ©taate. 


2>ie 2B e ft l i tf) c n ober pacific ©taate tt. 

<5)ie pacific ©taaten umfaffen mef)r alg ein ®rittel beg gangen 
Sanbeg. ©ie grengen im Sftorben an Ganaba, im Often an 2)afota, 
^ebragfa, $anfag, STe^ag, im ©uben an 9Jte£ifo unb im SBeften an ben 
©tiEen Ocean. 

2)ag gelfengebirge, bie ©ierra s Jienaba, bag Gagcabe=©ebirge unb bag 
^itftengebirge fallen in biefeg Sanbergebiet. 

2)er Columbia, ©acramento, ©an Joaquin, @olorabo, 3^io ©ranbe 
unb ber geEoroftone finb bie bebeutenbften gliiffe. 

2)ag $lima ift filfjl unb troefen. 3n mandfjen ©egenben faUt faum 
jemalg 0ftegen. 

SDie ^nbuftrieen beftefjen in Sergbau, 3Sieb)§ud^t unb in bem roeftliefjen 
ftfjeile in Sldferbau. 


220 


The States. 


MONTANA. 

Area: 145,310 square miles. Population: 132,159. 

This recently organized State has a surface of 92,016,640 acres, of 
which one-half may be considered agricultural and grazing lands and 
the residue timber, mineral, and mountain ranges. A large portion of 
its vast territory is taken up by Indian reservations, 27,797,800 acres 
being held in reserve for them, of which more than 3,000,000 acres 
are tillable land, and only 3,650 acres are under cultivation. Immense 
prairies and bottom lands, smooth, rich, and green, await the plow, 
untilled and uninhabited. 

The Rocky mountains form the south west boundary. The 
mountain peaks vary from 6,000 to 12,000 feet above sea-level. The 
great plains in the east cover a large portion of the State. 

The most important rivers are the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin 
Rivers which unite and form the Missouri. The Yellowstone has its 
source in the National Park, in Wyoming. 

The principal crops are wheat, oats and barley. The grazing 
lands in the valleys are excellent. A large amount of capital is invested 
in the business of sheep-raising. Pine, cedar and fir grow luxuriantly. 

Montana is one of the richest mining countries in the world. 
Gold, silver, copper, lead, coal and other valuable minerals are found. 
It has many gold mines. Manufacturing is rapidly increasing. 
Freight transportation, trade with the Indians and that which comes 
over from the Canada line are the channels of commercial prosperity. 

Potatoes and other roots mature to perfection. 

Wolves, the grizzly bear, badgers, mink, otter and martin are 
found in the forests and beavers on the river banks. Whitefish, salmon 
and trout are plentiful in the rivers. 

South of the Yellowstone is the reservation of the Crow Indians. 

THe State is traversed by the Northern Pacific Railroad. 

For a new country, Montana has made fair ]jrogress in educational 
interests. The Indians have four schools. 

There are about 50 newspapers published. 

Helena is the capital of the State. Population 13,834. 


$ i e Staaien. 


221 


9Jtontana. 

glad;eninljalt: 145,310 Quabratmeilen. 33enolferung : 132,159. 

liefer erft fiirglid; organifute ©taat Ijat eine Dberflacfje t)on 
92,016,640 SIdern, non benen bie §alftc aug 2lder= unb 2Beib:lanb, ber 
Sdeft aug §ol$= unb TOneralienlanb unb aug ©tebirge beftef;t. ©in grower 
Sljeil biefeg unermeftlidfjen ©5ebieteg, ncimlid; 27,797,800 2Ider, fommt auf 
^nbianer^efernationen. SDanon finb mef;r alg 3,000,000 2Ider pfliigbareg 
Sanb, aber nur 3,630 befinben fief) unter ©ultur. Unermef$lid;eg, eben 
gelegeneg, reicfyeg, grimed $rarie= unb Uferlanb, auf tnelcfjem niemanb 
tnof;nt unb nie ein $pflug gegangen, I;arrt ber ^flugfd^ar. 

£ag gelfengebirge bilbet bie fiibioeftlidbe ©)ren$e. SDie ©Jebirggfpi^en 
finb 6,000 big 12,000 guj$ iiber bent 9fteeregfpiegel. Sluggebeljnte ©benen 
nefymen im Often einen grofcen St^eil beg ©taaieg ein. 

$)ie §auptfltiffe finb ber ^efferfon, 9ftabifon unb (Matin, aug beren 
33ereinigung ber 5di)fouri entfteljt. $)er 2)edotnftone entfpringt im 
91ational=^par! in 2Bpoming. 

SDie §aupternten beftefyen in 2Bei§en, §afer unb ©erfte. $)ag 
SBeibelanb in ben ^fjalern ift auggegeicfynet. ©in grojjeg ©apital ift in 
©djaf^udjt angelegt. gidf)ten, ©ebern unb £annen tnadjfen itppig. 

Montana ift eing ber reidjften 9)tineralienlanber ber s IBelt. ©olb, 
©iiber, $upfer, 23Iei, $o!;len unb anbere tnertfynode 9JtineraIien inerben 
gefunben. ©g gibt niele ©olbminen bort. 2)ag gabriftnefen ift in rafdjem 
2Iuffcf)tuung begriffen. gradjjibeforberung, ber §anbel mit ben ^nbianern 
unb tnag non ©anaba Ijeruberfommt, finb bie Dueden commercieden 
SBofjlftanbeg. 

^artoffeln unb anbere ©rbfrudf)te gebeifjen norauglid). 

3n ben SBalbern finben fidfj 2Si>Ife, graue 23aren, SDad^fe, SBiefel, 
gifcf)ottern, Sdarber unb an ben glufjufern Siber nor. SBeifcfifdje, Sadjfe 
unb goreden finb fefjr ^aljlreicf) in ben gltiffen. 

©iiblidfj nom 2)edoioftone befinbet fidfj bie 9tefernation ber ©rotn* 
gnbianer. 

®er ©taat roirb non ber norblidjen $acific=©ifenbal;n burd(jfd;nitien. 
gvir ein neueg 2anb I;at Montana (jubfcfje gortfdjjritte im ©rgieljunggs 
tnefen gemac^t. 2)ie ^nbianer Ijaben nier ©d)ufen. 

©g erfdjeinen an 50 geitungen in bem ©taate. 

§elena, mit 13,834 ©intnoljnern, ift bie §auptftabt beg ©taateg. 


222 


The States. 


Butte City, population 30,000 has a constantly increasing trade. 
Other important cities and towns are: Miles City on the 
Yellowstone, Anaconda, Billings, Fort Benton, Deer Lodge, Bozeman, 
Livingstone etc. 


CALIFORNIA. (“ The Golden State.”) 

Area: 157,801 square miles. Population: 1,208,130. 

t 

California, called the “ Golden State” is the second state in size 
in the Union and extends almost 1000 miles along the Pacific coast. 
The Bay of San Francisco with its “ Golden Gate” is the finest harbor 
on the Pacific coast. The State may be divided into the coast and 
interior districts, separated by the Coast mountains. The former 
comprises the coast valleys, the latter the Sacramento basin, the plateau 
of the Sierra Nevada and the Colorado desert. 

The chief rivers are the Colorado, the Sacramento and the 
San Joaquin. About one third of the State is arable. The soil is very 
fertile but only one-thirtieth of the land is under cultivation. Two 
mountain chains, the Coast range, and the Sierra Nevada, or snowy 
mountains run through the State. The height of the former varies 
from 2,000 to 6,000 feet, of the latter from 5,000 to 8,000 feet above 
the level of the sea. The greater portion is covered with heavy timber, 
Its numerous lofty peaks piled one above the other like stepping-stones 
to other regions are truly sublime and majestic and the scenery far 
surpasses that of Switzerland. The large trees are remarkable, some 
reaching the height of 400 feet, with a circumference from 25 to more 
than 100 feet, (Sequoia gigantea , giant red wood). The natural scenery 
of California is grand, beyond description. In the Yosemite Valley 
may be found more scenes of grandeur and beauty than in any equal 
space on the globe. 

The timbers consist of pines, black oak, ash, hickory, elm, beech, 
white cedar, spruce, fir, laurel, cypress, tamarack, chestnut, juniper, 
poplar, cottonwood, walnut, maple etc. 

There are a few grizzly bears; the cinnamon, brown and black 
bears ; the beaver, wolf, porcupine, mountain sheep, wild cat, coyote; 
sea-lions etc. Birds are found of every kind and the rivers contain some 


2) i e ©taatcn. 


223 


Suite @itp, mit 30,000 @imool)nern, gat regen, fidfj Beftanbig geBenben 
§anbel. 

Slnbere roicgtige Stdbte ftnb : 9DUteg Gitp am ^ellmoftone, Slnaconba, 
23ittingg, gmt Benton, “Deer Sobge, SBojeman, Sioingftone u. a. 


Cfaftforntcn. („SDer ©olbene Staat".) 
glacgeningalt: 157,801 Quabratmeilen. 23eoolferung: 1,208,130. 

Gatifornien, aucg ber „golbene Staat" genannt, ift ber ^roeitgrogte 
Staat ber Union unb erftredt fid^ faft 1000 9)teUen an ber $iifte beg 
Stitten Dceang entlang. 3)er Staat (apt fic§ in einen $iiften= unb einen 
Sinnenlanb = SDiftrift eintgeiten. 2)ie ©ren^e jtoifcgen Beiben madgt bag 
£iiftengeBirge. $)er erftere untfagt bie $iiftentgaler, ber legtere bag 
Sacramento=Safin, bag plateau ber Sierra 9?eoaba unb bie Solorabo* 
SBiifte. 

®ie £auptfluffe ftnb ber Goforabo, ber Sacramento unb ber San 
Souquin. Ungefagr ein SDrittel beg Staateg ift pflugBareg Sanb. SDer 
SBoben ift fegr frudjtBar, aBer nur ein $)reigigftel beg Sanbeg Befinbet fid; 
unter Gultur. greet ©ebirggfetten, ber ^tiften^ug unb bie Sierra ^eoaba 
ober bag SdgneegeBirge, burcgjiegen ben Staat. $Die §5ge beg erfteren 
oariirt oon 2000 Big 6000, bie beg tegteren non 5000 Big 8000 gug uBer 
bem 9JteeregfpiegeL 3)er grogere £geit ift mit fcgioerem @o!ge Beroadgfen. 
£)ie ^aglreicgen gogen SBergfpigen, bie roie Stufen gu anberen 3^egionen 
eine uBer bie anbere emporragen, finb roagrgaft ergaBen unb majeftatifcg, 
unb bie Scenerie iiBertrifft bie ber Scgroei^ Bei roeitem. SBemerfengroertg 
ftnb bie SUefenBaume, non benen einige uBer 400 gug §oge erreidgen mit 
einem Umfange non 25 Big uBer 100 gug ( Sequoia gigantea, rotgeg 
9Uefengol§). UeBergaupt finb bie 9?aturfcgongeiten Galifornieng unBe= 
fcgreiBlidg grogartig. $m ?)ofemite=Xgale aUein fann man megr Scenerien 
con ergaBenerer lanbfcgaftlicger Sracgt finben alg irgenbroo auf einem 
gleidggrogen Sftaum ber Grbe. 

$Die §o!prten finb £annen, Sdgtoar^eicge, Gfcge, §idorp, Ulme, 
23ucf)e, 2Beige Geber, ^ecgtanne, liefer, SorBeer, Gppreffe, Samarad, 
^aftanie, SSacggolber, Rappel, 33aummoifengog$, 2BalInug, 2lgorn u. f. to. 

33on Sarenarten giBt eg auger einigen grauen Saren ben gimmtBaren, 
ben Braunen unb ben fcgtoarjen 33aren. gerner fta&et M for SiBer, ber 
2Bolf, bag Stacgelfdgroein, bag 33ergfcgaf, bie 2Bilbfage, ber Gopote, ber 


224 


The States. 


of the finest species of fish. Oysters, clams, crabs etc. are abundant. 
Many serpents, of which the rattlesnake is the most dangerous, are 
found. 

The mineral productions, especially of gold, are remarkable ; 
silver, platinum, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron etc. are found also in 
great quantities. Even salt works are very extensive. 

Agriculture is the chief industry of the State. Great quantities of 
wheat, barley and corn are raised. 

The cultivation of the grape-wine is carried on very extensively 
and all varieties of fruits are raised in great quantities. Over 12,000,000 
gallons of wine and 600,000 gallons of brandy are manufactured 
annually and an immense quantity of raisins is prepared for market. 
All kind of fruit belonging to the temperate and semi-tropical zones, 
grow abundantly ; the finest pears, apples, oranges, lemons, olives etc. 
are raised. 

The production of silk is carried on successfully, and great 
numbers of sheep and cashmere goats are raised. 

California has many manufacturing establishments and its 
commerce, especially its foreign commerce is immense. 

The climate is excellent, there being no extreme > of either heat or 
cold. Thunderstorms are rare but earthquakes occur in some parts of 
the State; they generally are very light and have not caused any serious 
damage. 

The railroad enterprises are increasing from year to year. 

California has a great number of good common schools and higher 
educational institutions. 

There are a great number of Chinese in the State. 

San Francisco, population 298,997, is the most important city. 
It has 85 churches, many schools, libraries, theaters, opera houses, 
Chinese theaters and newspapers. There are fine parks, among which 
the Golden Gate Park is the most noted. The Cliff House is a place 
of great interest. 

In “Chinatown” are over 20,000 Chinese in very close quarters, 

' living in the same way as in China. 

Oakland, population 48,682, a suburb of San Francisco, is 
perhaps the most beautiful suburb of the United States. It has many 


Sic @ t a a t e n. 


225 


©eeloroe u. f. to. $ogel jeber 2Xrt trifft man an unb bie gliiffc entljalten 
mefjrere ber Beften gtfdfjarten. Sluftern, ©df)ellfifdfje, $reBfe n. f. to. giBt 
eg in $ftenge. 33iele ©dfjlangen, non benen bie ^lapperf change bie 
gefa^rlid^fte ift, finben ftd^ nor. 

Sie 9ftineralprobufte finb Beacfjtengmertl) ; namentlidj ruirb ©olb, 
aBer aud^ ©ilBer, *piatin, 33lei, 3™^ 3' nn / ^upfer, (Sifen u. f. to. 
in grojjen Qmantitaten geraonnen. ©ogar ©aljtnerfe finb fel)r Bebeutenb. 

2lderBau ift bie §auptinbuftrie beg ©taateg unb SBeijen, ©erfte unb 
5Utatg liefern ungeljeuere (Srtrdge. 

3 n gang Befonberer S3lut()e ftef)t ber 2Bein= unb DBftBau. UeBer 
12,000,000 ©aHonen 2Bein unb 600,000 ©allonen 33ranntroein werben 
jdljrlid) erjeugt unb eine ungefjeuere DJtenge non S^ofinen flir ben SJtarft 
guBereitet. Side 2lrten non DBft, meld^e ber gemdfjigten unb femiiropifdjen 
3one angefpren, roadjfen in glide; bie fdjonften SBirnen, 2lepfel, 
Drangen, (Sitronen, Dlinen u. f. to. reifen l)ter. 

5Die ©eibenjudfjt tuirb mit ©rfolg BetrieBen unb ©cf)afe unb ^afdjmiv* 
jiegen tnerben in -JRenge ge^ogen. 

Galifornien fjat niele gaBrifanlagen unb fein ganbel, namentlidj ber 
ouglanbifdje, ift ungemein groft. 

Sag $litna ift auggejei^net, ba roeber ertreme §itje nodfj extreme 
$dlte norfommt. ©emitter finb felten, aBer ©rbBeBen fommen in einigen 
Sfjeilen beg Sanbeg juroeilen nor; fie finb jebodj fefjr unBebeutenb unb 
IjaBen nod) feinen erljeBIidjen ©dfjaben angeridjtet. 

Sie ©ifenBafjnunternefjinungen meljren fidjj non 3<$r 3 a ^ r - 

Galifornien Befitjt eine grofje 3 a ^ guter Sdjulen unb fydfjerer 
©rjie^ungginftitute. 

Gsine fef)r grofie ScdJI won 61)inefen l)dlt fidf) in bem ©taate auf. 

©an grancigco, mit 298,997 ©imuoljnern, ift bie roidfjtigfte ©tabt. 
©g fjat 85 ^irdjjen, niele ©dfjulen, SBiBliotljefcn, Sweater (audj djinefifdje), 
Dpernljaufer unb 3 e; ‘ tun 9 en - 0d;one $arfe, non benen ber „©olbene 
Sljcrparl" ber Bemerlengmertljefte ift, gieren bie ©tabt. ©efjr intereffant 
ift bag „@liffl)aug". 

3n „GfjinatoTOn" (djinefifcfjeg 3Siertel) leBen IiBer 20,000 Gljinefen 
bid^t gufammen unb ganj nad; ben ©erooljnljeiten ifjreg §eimatljglanbeg. 

Daflanb, mit 48,682 ©imnoljnern, ift eine SSorftabt non ©an 
grancigco unb jebenfadg bie fdjonfte SSorftabt in ben 3Sereinigten ©taaten. 
©g fjat niele fdfjone ©pajicrfaljrtanlagen unb $ergnligunggpld£e. ©ein 


226 


The States. 


fine drives and places of amusement. Its healthy climate makes it a 
favorite place of residence for men of business of San Francisco. 

Sacramento, the capital of the State, population 26,386, Los 
Angeles, population 50,395, San Diego, San Jose, Santa Barbara, 
Santa Cruz and many other cities and towns are thriving and important 
places. 


OREGON. 

Area: 95,000 square miles. Population: 313,767. 

Oregon is the most northwesterly State of the republic. It is 
traversed by three mountain ranges, the Coast range, the Cascades and 
the Blue mountains, ranging from 4,000 to 12,000 feet altitude. 

There are four principal navigable rivers: the Columbia, Willamette, 
Snake River and the Umpaqua. 

The surface of the country is diversified, hilly and mountainous • 
for the most part it consists of rolling prairies and level plains. There 
are unsurpassed sceneries in this State. 

The soil mostly is good and covered with nutritious grass and is 
heavily timbered. Some of the valleys are exceedingly fertile, the 
land yielding 40 to 60 bushels of wheat per acre. Oregon offers 
excellent inducements to the immigrant, as the country is well adapted 
for agriculture, the raising of vegetables for stock raising and 
wool growing. Besides the cereals, tobacco, potatoes, orchard fruits 
and many semi-tropical fruits are produced; the crops of nearly all 
varieties of vegetable are really fabulous. The lumbering wealth is 
great, as vast forests abound with timber, valuable for ship timber etc. 
There are inexhaustible beds of coal and iron. 

The salmon fisheries are extensive. 

There are a number of manufacturing establishments, such as 
lumber, flour, paper and oil mills, linen factories etc. 

There are about 1,200 miles of railway. 

The winters are of short duration, cold and dry, the summers are 
hot, but not sultry and oppressive, the nights are cool and refreshing. 
The climate is mild and healthy. 


2) i e © t a a t c it. 


227 


gefunbeS $Iima mad;t e§ gum SiebtingSrnoljnort fiir ©cfd)dft3teute non 
San granciSco. 

9?eben Sacramento, ber £auptftabt beg StaateS, mit 26,386 @in= 
tnofynern, finb nod) 2o3 2tngele3 mit 50,395 ©imnanberern, San $)iego, 
San gofe, Santa ^Barbara unb Santa Grug angufufyren. 

Oregon. 

3ddd;eninl)alt: 95,000 Ouabratmeiten. 33enotferung: 313,767. 

Oregon ift ber norbroeftlidjjfte Staat ber 9tepubtif. Gr tnirb non brex 
©ebirg^gugen, bem ^iiftengebirge, ben GaScaben unb ben btauen 33ergen, 
burcfygogen, roeld)e eine §of)e non 4,000 bi§ 12,000 gujg erreidf)en. 

2)ie nier fcf)iparen fylliffe finb : ber Columbia, ber SBiltamette, ber 
Snafe 9tiner unb ber Umpaqua. 

$)ie Oberfladlje be§ £anbe§ tragt einen feljr nerfcfjiebenartigen 
Gfjarafter. Sie ift tbeiltneife Ijugetig unb gebirgig, gum grojjten £t;eile 
aber fteCCt fie mellenformigeS $rarietanb unb fyorigontale Gbenen bar. 
9Jtan finbet unnergleidjjticf) fcbone 9?aturfcenerien in biefem Staate. 

$)er SBoben ift meiftenS gut, mit nafjrljaftem GJraS betnadf)fen unb bidjt 
betnalbet. Ginige ber Skater finb ungemein frudjpar, fo baf$ ber 2lder 
40 bi§ 50 33uff)et SSeigen ergibt. Uebertjaupt bietet Oregon bem ©in* 
tnanberer ungemeine 33ortf)eile bar, benn e3 eignet fid; oortrefflid) fiir 
Sfderbau unb ©emiifegucfjt mie fiir SSie^ namentlidf) Sd)afguct)t. Sluder 
§almfrucf)ten merben Xabad, tetopln, Obft unb niele femitropifdjje 
griidde gegogen, unb Gtemtife alter 2lrt bringen gerabegu fabelfjafte Grnten. 
SDer §oIgreid()tf)um ift fefyr grofi, benn gibt gat;treidf)e, unermej$licf)e 
SOSalber, bie fjodfjft toertt;notle3 Spiffs* unb fonftigeS 33aut)olg liefern. 
2tudf) an 9Jtineralien fet;tt e§ nid;t, inSbefonbere finb unerfd)opftid)e $ot;ten= 
unb Gifentager norfjanben. 

2)er £ad)Sfang ift bebeutenb. 

33on gabrifanlagen gibt e3 g. 33. Sage*, G5etreibe=, Rapiers, Oel= 
mid)len, Setneroebeveien u. f. tn. 

SDie ©efammttdnge ber Gifenbaljnen madfjt ettna 1,200 3JleiIen au3. 

£>ie Winter finb non lurger SDauer unb fait unb troden, bie Sommer 
Ijeifs, aber nicf)t briidenD fcfjtnul. £)ie 9?acf)te finb flit)! unb erfrifcf)enb. 
2>a§ $lima ift milb unb gefunb. 


228 


The States. 


Portland, population 46,385, in a business point of view, is second 
only to San Francisco on the Pacific slope. The trade of Portland 
with the interior requires the constant employment of many river 
steamers and has an extensive commercial intercourse by sailing vessels 
and steamers with San Francisco, New York, the Sandwich Islands and 
other foreign ports. 

Salem, population 1,865, is the capital of the State. There are 
machine shops, foundries and other manufacturing establishments. 

Astoria is noted for its salmon fishery and canning. There are 
many other thriving towns, as Oregon, Roseburg, Dallas, Cowallis etc. 

COLORADO. (“Centennial State.”) 

Area: 103,925 square miles. Population 412,198. 

Colorado lies on both sides of the Rocky Mountains. The 
mountain valleys have an altitude of from 5,000 to 6,000 feet, which 
are drained only by a few rivers ; they are : the Platte, the Arkansas, 
the Rio Grande Del Norte, the Bear, White Bunkara, Dolores, Green 
etc. There are numerous beautiful fresh-water lakes, which abound in 
many varieties of delicious fish. The soil of the valleys rests upon 
calcareous rock and consists principally of alluvial formation ; on the 
streams it consists of ashes and sand with decomposed vegetable matter 
and on the uplands it consists of a warm, sandy loam. 

Colorado has many beautiful natural parks. The mountains are 
covered with timber of excellent quality. 

The State is rich in minerals, of which gold, silver, iron, copper, 
zinc and coal are the most important. 

Colorado is the paradise for sportsmen ; game of every variety is 
found in abundance, and the rivers and lakes are well stocked with 
fish. 

There are many hot and cold mineral springs. 

The climate is very healthy and is sought by invalids who in many 
cases have their health restored. 

The completed railroad mileage is about 3000 miles. 

Agriculture is carried on extensively although Colorado is 
preeminently a mining region, its mineral wealth having attracted the 


© i e ©taaten. 


229 

^portlanb, mit 46,385 ©imnoljnern, fommt alg ^iiftenftabt an bem 
0titten Dgean, nom gefdjaftlidjen ©tanbpunft aug betradjtet, gteid^ Winter 
©an grancigco. ^portlanbg §anbel mit bem SBinnenlanbe erfjeifdjt bic 
unauggefe^te 5$ertnenbung non glufebampferrt ; mit ©an jranctSco, 
9?etn 9)orf, ben ©anbnridjsSnfetn unb anberen augldnbifdjen §dfen 
unterf)dlt eg einen lebvjaften §anbelgoerfe§r burd; ©egetfdjiffe unb ©ee= 
bampfcr. 

©alem, mit 1,865 (Simnofjnern, ift bie §auptftabt beg ©taateg. @g 
gibt bort s JDMd)inemoerfftdtten, ©iefjereien unb anbpre gabrilen. 

2lftoria ift feiner £ad)gfifd)erei unb feiner (Sinmadjgefdmfte tncgen 
befannt. s $on anberen bliifjenben ©tdbten feien uodj Oregon, 9tofeburg, 
©attag unb (Sotnaflig angefiifyrt. 

(futcrabo. („6entennia(=©taat // .) 
gdddjeninfyalt: 103,925 Ouabraimeilcn. 53enolfcrung : 412,198. 

Golorabo liegt auf beiben ©eiten beg gelfengebirgeg. ©ie 33ergtf)dfer 
fyaben eine §of)e non 5,000 big 6,000 gufj. ©ie merben non nur tnenigen 
fylliffen berndffert. SDiefe I;ei^en: ber $Iatte, ber Strfanfag, ber Diio 
®ranbe bel 9torte, ber 33ear, 28f)ite 33unf'ara, ©oloreg, ©reen u. f. in. 
Gg gibt gafylreidje fd;one ©ufcmafferfeeen, roeld)e nielerlei foftlidje gifdje 
entfjalten. ©er 33oben in ben ©fjalern ruf)t auf falfartigen gelfen unb 
Beftefjt Ijauptfdd)Iidj aug Stdunialformationen. 2(n ben fylliffen beftefjt er 
aug 2ffd;e unb ©anb mit gerfe^ten ^ffangenftoffen, auf ben §of)en aug 
mannem, fanbigem 2ef)m. 

Goforabo fjat t>tele natiirlidje ^arf'e. ©ie 33erge finb beinalbet mit 
auggegcidjnetem Ohi^bofge. 

©er ©taat ift reid) an 9Jttneralien, non benen ©ofb, ©ilber, Gifen, 
$upfer, 3inf unb ^ol)len bie toidjtigften finb. 

Goforabo ift bag ^arabieg fur £ieb()aber ber unb be? $ifcf)fangg; 
SESilb jeber 2frt tnirb in s Dtenge gefunben unb bie glliffe unb ©eeen finb 
fcbr fifdjrcid). 

Gg gibt niefe Ijeijje unb lalte ’Utinerafquclfen. 

©ag $fima ift gefunb unb tnirb non nielen ^ranfen aufgefudjt, tnefdje 
nidjt fclten ()ier ifjre ©efunbljeit miebererlangen. 

©ie nolfenbeten Gifenbafjnftreden betragen ungefafjr 3,000 9Jleifen. 

©er 2lderbau mirb in Goforabo gtnar feinegrnegg nernadjldffigt, alfein 
bie 9Jfef)rgaIjl feiner 23ewof)ner finbet bod), ba ber ©taat normiegenb 


230 


The States. 


largest portion of its population. The chief production is the mining 
of gold and silver. 

About half the land, except the mountains, is arable. The cereals 
are wheat, rye, corn, oats and buckwheat. Potatoes and other roots 
thrive luxuriantly. Fruits and grapes are of superior quality. The 
country is rich in flowers. 

Colorado has some pernicious insects, the grass hopper and the 
potato bug, or Colorado beetle which are in some seasons so numerous 
that they devastate and ruin the crops. Nutritious grasses abound. As 
a grazing and dairy country Colorado is unsurpassed. 

Schools are kept open one hundred days in each year. There are 
several colleges and some universities. * 

Denver, population 106,713, it the capital of the State. Its 
climate is delightful. It has a number of colleges, churches, private 
schools, a university and about 30 newspapers. 

There are breweries, woolen and cotton mills, terra cotta works, 
smelting establishments and many other factories, which employ over 
7000 hands. 

Leadville is a flourishing city, and noted for its many mines and 
smelting works. Pueblo, Trinidad, Gunison, Colorado Springs, 
Silver Cliff, Georgetown, Boulder, Ido Springs, Aspen are thriving 
cities and towns. 


NEVADA. (“ Sage Hen State.”) 

Area: 109,740 square miles. Population: 45,761. 

Nevada is the center of that elevated basin which reaches westward 
from the Rocky mountains to the Sierra Nevada, at a mean altitude of 
about 4,000 feet above the level of the sea. 

The principal rivers are the Colorado and the Humboldt, and the 
largest salt lakes are the Mud lakes, Pyramid lakes, and the Walker 
and Carson lakes. 

Most of the land is valueless for agricultural purposes ; there are 
however, millions of acres of fine grazing land in the valleys in the 
west and agriculture is there carried on with success. 

The great wealth of Nevada consists of the enormous quantities of 
precious minerals that are produced. Numerous mines of gold and 


$ t e 0 t a a t e n. 


231 


9Jlineralbiftrift ift, in bent 23ergbau 23ef<3)dftigung. $)ie §auptprobufte 
be5 23ergbau§ finb ©olb unb Silber. 

Ungefdfjr bie §dlfte beS £anbe§, bie SBerge nid;t mitgered;net, ift 
bebaubar. $)ie GJetreibearten finb 2Bei§en, 9toggen, s IRai3, §afer unb 
33ud;tnei$en. ^artoffefn unb anbere Grbfriid;te gebeil;en iippig. Dbft unb 
28eintrauben finb non norsuglidfjcr Qualitat. £anb ift rtidjj an 

33lumert. 

Golorabo f;at rnancbe fdjabltdjje SJnfeften, roie bie §eufcf)rede unb ben 
^artoffclfdfer, tneldje ju $eiten f° ga^treic^ finb, ba{$ fie bie (Srnten 
nodftanbig nernid^ten. fftafyrfyafte GJrdfer gibt e§ im Ueberflufc. 3nfoIge= 
beffen i;at Golorabo, tna§ 0d;tnei$ereien betrifft, nirgenbs feineggleicfyen. 

£)ie ©cf)u(en finb fyunbert Xage tang im ^aljre geoffnet. G3 finb 
aud) einige Gh;mnafien unb Unioerfitdten ba. 

tenner, bie §auptftabt be§ Staates, mit 106,713 Gimnoljnern, l;at 
ein rei^enbeS $lima. G3 gibt bafelbft eine Slnjal;! ©pmnaften, ^irdjjen, 
*Prinatfd;ulen, eine Uninerfitdt unb ungefdl;r 30 geitungen. 

2)ie 0tabt fjat etlidje Srauereien, 2Botten= unb S3aummodenfpinne= * 
reien, £erracotta=2Berfe, Sdfjtnelsdfen unb niele anbere gabrifen, tneldje 
iiber 7,000 Seute befcf)dftigen. 

Seabnide ift eine bliiljenbe 0tabt unb befannt tuegen feiner TOnenunb 
Scfjmelgdfen. inhere aufftrebenbe Stabte finb: pueblo, £rinibab, 
GJimifon, Golorabo Spring^, Sitner Gliff, ©eorgetonm, Souther, £jbo 
Springs unb SlSpen. 

9lctiaba. („$lugcr §iif)nerftaat".) 

gladjeninfjalt: 109,740 Quabratmeilen. SBendlferung: 45,761. 

97enaba ift ber 9)iittelpunft beS erfjdljten 23afinS, tneldfjeS fid; tneftlid^ 
nont gelfengebirge bis gur Sierra Sdenaba erftredt in einer burd)fdf)nitts 
licljen §df>e non 4,000 guft iiber bem -JdeereSfpiegel. 

2)ie §auptftiiffe finb ber Golorabo unb ber §umbolbt. Gs befinben 
fidj mel;rere Salsfeeen in bem 0taat, non benen bie 9Jtubfeeen, bie 
^pramibfeeen unb ber SBalfer* unb ber Garfonfee bie grofcten finb. 

$)a3 meifte 2anb ift tnertljloS fiir Sbderbau; inbeffen finb in ben 
rneftlictjen £t)dtern 9Jtidionen non 2tder auSgegeidjneten SBeibelanbS nors 
Ijanben, unb bort tnirb aud; Sfderbau mit 23ortl)eil betrieben. 

2)er grofje 9teicf)tf;um Sftenaba’S beftef;t in feinen riefigen foftbaren 
9Jlineralienoorrat§en. 9Jlan ()at galjtreidje ©olbs unb Silberminen, unb 


232 


The States. 


silver have been discovered ; quick-silver, lead and antimony are also 
found. Coal and iron exist to some extent. Marbles, granite and 
slate abound. The mountains are covered with pine, spruce and fir 
but no oak or other hard wood is found. 

The climate is very healthy; in the south and east the winters are 
mild and frosts rarely known, in the north they are very severe. 

There are a few colleges and one university. 

Carson City is the capital of the State. It is a flourishing town of 
4,080 inhabitants. It contains a branch United States mint which 
receives immense deposits of gold and silver ore. 

Virginia City is the center of a large merchantile, milling and 
mining trade. Other important towns are: Eureka, Gold Hill, 
Austin, Tuscarora and Reno. 

WASHINGTON. 

* 

Area: 69,000 square miles. Population: 349,390. 

The resources of Washington are comparatively little developed. 
The Cascade Mountains traverse the State through the center from 
north to south: its highest summit is an active volcano. Mount 
Olympus is in the north western part. 

The principal rivers are the Columbia, Okonagan, Lewis or Snake 
river. There are some very excellent harbors, as the Puget sound, 
which perhaps is the finest harbor in the world. 

It is very rich in minerals and fine timbers ; the fir trees growing 
300 feet high. Salmon, cod, halibut, herrings and sardines are caught 
in great quantities. 

The chief industries are lumbering, mining, agriculture and 
fishing. 

For health and salubrity Washington is noted ; the climate on the 
coast is softened by warm sea breezes. 

There are about 600 miles of railway. 

Seattle, with 42,837 inhabitants, is an enterprising, commercial 
and manufacturing city and has a fine harbor. 

Olympia, population 41,998, is the capital. 

Tacoma, with 36,006 inhabitants, Walla Walla, Spokane Falls, 
Dayton, Port Townsend, Vancouver are rapidly growing towns. 


O i c 6 t a a t c tt. 


233 


aurf; QuedfUber, SBlei unb ©piefjglag entbedt. $oljlen unb (Sifen finbeit 
fidj). ebenfadg. farmer, ©ranit unb ©dbiefer finb in SJJtengc norfyanben. 
®ie SBerge finb mit $id)ten, S(ted)tannen unb $iefern beinadjfen, aber (sicken 
unb anbere fjarte §o!j$arten gibt eg nidjt. 

$lima ift feljr gefunb. $ie 23inter finb im ©iiben unb Often 
tnilb unb groft fommt felten nor, im Sftorben bagegen finb fie fef;r ftreng. 
(§g befteljen einige ©pmnafien unb eine Uninerfitdt. 

Garfon Gitp ift bie $auptftabt beg ©taateg. (£g ift cine blitljenbe 
©tabt non 41,080 (Eimnoljnern unb befit^t eine SBereinigten ©taaten ^Jliinje, 
in welcfye ungeljeuere ©inlagen non ©olb= unb ©ilbererjen gemad;t inerben. 

Virginia Gitp ift bag Centrum grower §anbetg=, 5 Huf)len= unb 
3Jiinengefdf)dfte. Slnbere micf)tige ©tabte finb: Gurela, ©olb §itf, 
Sluftin, £ugcarora unb 9teno. 


SBaftjington. 

gddcfjeninljalt: 69,000 Quabratmeilen. SBenolferung : 349,390. 

SOie §ilfgqueden Sfi>aff)ingtong finb oerfjdltnifjmajiig tnenig enttnidelt. 
$)ag 6 agcabes©ebirge burd)fcf)neibet ben ©taat in ber SJJiitte non Sftorben 
nactj ©iiben; ber l)ocf)fte ©ipfel barin ift ein tljatiger Julian. SDer 
"Iftount Dlpmpug liegt im norbioeftlidfjen ^^eile beg ©taateg. 

S£)ie igauptftiiffe finb : ber Columbia, ber Dfonagan, £cnrig ober 
©nafe. 2Baf()ington befil^t oortreffticfye §afen, 5 . SB. ben Spuget=©unb, ber 
nictfeidfjt ber fcfyonfte §afen ber SEBelt ift. 

@g ift audf) feljr reief) an SHtineralien unb gutem SBauljols. S£annen 
tnacf)fen bort non 300 guf$ §of>e. SBon gifdfjen inerben 2ad)fe, ©todfifd)e, 
©df)otten, §aringe unb ©arbetten in gropen SJJtengen gefangen. 

S£)ie ©auptinbuftriegmeige finb §olsIjanbel, SBergbau, Sdderbau unb 
gifdrfang. 

S£)er ©efunbfjeitgguftanb SIBaffjingtong ift fef)r nort^cilbaft befannt. 
SDag $lima an ber $iifte tnirb buref) marrne ©eeliifte gemilbert. 

©g fjat ungefaljr 600 s XRciIen Gifenbafynen. 

©eattle, mit 42,837 Gimnoljnern, ift eine unterneljmenbe £anbelg= 
unb gabrifftabt unb fjat einen fd)onen §afen. 

Olpmpia, mit 41,998 Gimnoljnern, ift bie §auptftabt. 

Sftddjft biefen finb Tacoma mit 36,006 Gminoljnern, SBatta 2Bada, 
©pofane gadg, Sapton, ^ort Snrnnfenb nnb SBancouner rafdj) empor* 
femmenbe ©tdbte. 


234 


The States. 


IDAHO. 

Area: 85,000 square miles. Population: 84,385. 

Idaho is the least thrifty of the United States. The surface is 
high and elevated with but few valleys. 

The principal mountains are ranges of the Rocky mountains, the 
Salmon range is the most picturesque and lofty. The largest rivers are 
the Snake river, the Salmon, the Boise etc. Noted for its beauty are 
Shoshone Falls. There exists a large lavabed in the southern and south 
eastern section over 400 miles long and 50 miles wide. There are 
many lakes. Of timber, pines, cedar and spruce are the most valuable. 
There is but little arable and grazing land. 

Gold, silver, lead etc. is found in great quantities. 

The winters are very cold on the mountains and mild in the 
valleys; the days are hot in summer, but the nights are cool; the air 
is invigorating. 

There are 700 miles of railway. 

The chief industries are mining, stock raising and agriculture in 
the valleys. 

There are about 3000 Indians in the State. 

Boise City is the capital, population 2,982 ; Lewiston is next 
important; there are numerous small cities and towns. 


WYOMING. 

Area: 97,880 square miles. Population: 60,705. 

Wyoming is very mountainous. The Wind river mountains, the 
Sweetwater, the Big Horn and the Black Hills mountains are the 
principal. 

The largest rivers are the Green, Big Horn, Snake, North Platte 
and the Powder. 

Wyoming is extremely valuable as a mineral region; iron copper, 
silver, lead and gold are mined. Pine, spruce and immense hemlock 
trees cover the mountains ; aspen, walnut, ash, box, elm, cedar on the 
lower portions, and in the low lands are willows and cottonwood. 
Wild beasts and plenty of game are in the forests. 


S i c © t a a t c it. 


235 


Sbafju. 

glacljeninljalt: 85,000 Quabratmeilen. 23e»olferung : 84,385. 

Sbafjo ift unter ben 2>ereinigten ©taaten ber non ber 9^atur am 
toenigften begiinftigte. ift ein bergigeS §ocf)lanb mit nur toenigcn 
Sljalern. 

Sie ^auptf dc^Iid)ften ©ebirg^iige finb 2lu3ldufer be§ gelfengebirge3, 
unb ba§ ©cljneegebirge ift ba3 f)dc^fte unb ba3 ntalerifdjefte barunter. Sie 
grdfjten gliiffe finb ber ©nafe, ber ©altnon, ber Soife u. a. 2>l;rer 
©df)onl)eit megen befannt finb bie ©f)ofl)one=gdlle. (Ein grofjeS Sanalager 
non uber 400 Seilen Sdnge unb 50 Seilen S3reite befinbet ficfj int fiiblicfyen 
unb fiibbftlicfyen Sljeile be§ ©taateS. (E§ gibt oiele ©eeen. ©ie merits 
ooHftett ^ol^arten finb gicfyten, (Eebern unb ^edjtannen. 2(der= unb 
Seifcelanb ift toenig oorfjanben. 

©olb, ©ilber, 33lei u. f. ro. finbet man in grojjen Buantitaten. 

£)ie Sinter finb in ben Bergen fel)r fait, aber milb in ben Sljalern. 
grn ©ommer finb bie Sage Ijeifc, bie 3^ad^te bagegen fiif)l. Sie Suft ift 
erfrifcfjenb. 

@3 beftefjen 700 Seilen (Eifenbaljnen. 

£)ie pauptinbuftrie 3 toeige finb Sergbau, SSie^ud^t unb in ben Sfjalern 
Slcferbau. 

(E§ leben ungefaljr 3,000 gnbianer int ©taate. 

35oife Gitp ift bie §auptftabt mit 2,982 (Eimooljnern. 9tdcfjft biefem 
fommt 2etoi§ton unb nod; eine Slnjal;! fleiner ©tabte unb Sorfer. 

Scouting. 

glacf)eninf)alt: 97,880 Buabratmeilen. Seoolferung : 60,705. 

Spoming ift fefjr gebirgig. £>a§ Smbrioer=©ebirge, ba§ ©roeet= 
nmter=, 23ig §orn* unb ba§ 33tadl;id=©ebirge finb bie l;auptfad;lidjften. 

Sie §auptfliiffe finb ber ©reen, 23ig §orn, ©nafe, Dtortlj Spiatte unb 
ber bomber. 

Spouting ift al§ Sineralbiftrift aufcerorbentlidj raertEjood ; man grdbt 
bort (Eifen, $upfer, ©ilber, S3lei unb ©olb. gicfjten, ^ec^tannen unb 
ungeljeuere §emlodbdume bebeden bie d5ebirge; bie (E3pe, Salfnufj, (Sfd^e, 
ber $ud;obaum, bie Ulme unb (Eeber roadfjfen in ben etroaS nicbriger 
gelegenen ©egenben, unb Seiben unb SBaumroolfenliols in ben 9iiebe* 
rungen. 9teifjenbe Sljierc unb Silb gibt e§ genug in ben Sdlbern. 


236 


The States. 


Part of the wonderful Yellowstone National Park lies in the 
north western part. It covers an area of nearly 4,000 miles, which is 
from 6,000 to 12,000 feet high. There are thousands of hot springs, 
numerous geysers, lakes, canons, mud volcanoes, beautiful waterfalls, 
cataracts etc. The scenery is grand and picturesque. 

The chief industry is stockraising and mining ; but little agriculture 
is carried on. 

The climate is severe on the mountains and comparatively mild 
and salubrious in the sheltered valleys. 

There are over 600 miles of railway. 

Cheyenne, with 11,693 inhabitants, is the capital and chief city of 
the State. Laramie is the next important town; Rawlins, Evanston 
and Rock Springs are growing towns. The troublesome Indians kept 
settlers away from this State. 


TERRITORIES . 

INDIAN TERRITORY. 

Area: 70,000 square miles. Population: 82,000. 

This Territory is independent of the Government of the United 
States. It was reserved for the Indians, removed from time to time 
from other parts of the Union. 

The Indians have their own government, each tribe having a 
chief, yet the United States courts have jurisdiction over them in 
matters implicating white men and they also regulate the general 
intercourse with the Indians. 

This country consists of a vast plain, traversed by the Arkansas 
River and its tributaries and the Canadian river, and is bounded by 
the Red river in the south. It is bounded in the north by Kansas, 
south and west by Texas, east by Arkansas and Missouri. There are 
no mountains and a few elevations in the south east and south west. 


Sic Staaten. 


237 


Gin Stljeil beg rounbernoden ^eCCoroftone 9tationalparfg Iiegt im 
norbrneftlidjen Sljeile beg ©taateg. Gr bebedt eine glddje son 4,000 
9Jteilen, rocldjc non (3,000 big 12,000 guf} podj ift. Saufenbe won tjeifcen 
Queden, ^aljlreidje Glepfer, ©eeen, Ganong (getfenfdjludjten), Grbnulfane, 
annupige -JBafferfdde, Gataracte u. f. id. tragen %u ber eigenartigen 
©cfjonljeit biefeg in feinen ©cenerien f)od)ft malerifdjen unb grojiartigen 
9iaturparfg bci. 

Sie §auptbefd)dftigung ber Serooljner rid)tet fid^ auf 3Sie^uc^t unb 
SBergbau ; 2anbtnirtl)fdjaft ruirb nur tnenig betrieben. 

Sag $lima ift raulj in ben 33ergen, aber nerljdltnifmtdfng milb unb 
gefunb in ben gefd)iit3ten Sfyctfern. 

Sie ©efammtldnge ber Gifenbaljnen betrdgt 600 ^Jleilen. 

Gfyepenne, mit 11,693 Gintnofjnern, ift bie §auptftabt unb 9Jtetropole, 
Saramie bie nad)ftToid)tigfte ©tabt beg ©taateg. 9teben biefen beiben 
fommen nod) landing, Gnangton unb 3^o<f ©pringg einigermafjen in 
33etrad)t. Sie laftigen Snbianer fja&en big jetjt niele Slnfiebler non biefem 
©taate ferngeljatten. 


$ i c Serritoricn. 

Sag Stibiaitcr Scrritorium. 

glddjeninfjalt : 70,000 Quabratmeilen. SBenoIferung: 82,000. 

Siefeg Serritorium ift unabfjangig non ber 9tegierung ber SSereinigten 
©taaten. Gg tnurbe fur bie Snbianer refernirt, bie non 3eit gu $t\t aug 
anberen ST^eilen ber Union batjin gebracfjt tnurben. 

Sie gnbianer Ijaben iljre eigene 9tegierung, infofern ein jeber ©tamm 
feinen §auptling fyat; attein bie 33ereinigten ©taaten=©erid)te fjaben in 
aden Singelegenfjeiten, roelc^e bie SSeifeen betreffen, gurigbiftion liber fie 
unb fe£en aud) bie adgemeinen 93eftimmungen iiber ben SBerfeljr mit ben 
gnbianern fcft. 

Sag 2anb befteljt aug einer unenblicfyen Gbene, tneldje non bem 
Strfanfag unb beffen 3upffen unb non bem Ganabianpfj burdjfloffen mirb; 
bie fiiblicfje G^renge biibet ber 91eb 9tiner. 3m 9lorben grengt bag GJebiet an 
$anfag, ini ©iiben unb SBeften an Se^ag unb im Often an Slrlanfag unb 
s JJtiffouri. 23erge gibt eg barin nid)t, !aum einige menige Grljebungen im 
©itboften unb ©iibmeften. 


238 


The States. 


The soil is exceedingly rich and fertile. The grass is luxuriant 
and fine crops of wheat, Indian corn, cotton, tobacco and hay are 
raised. The prairies abound with prairie-chickens and prairie dogs. 
There is plenty of game, as the antilope, deer, bear etc. 

Minerals have not yet been produced. 

The climate is healthy, although the summers are long, hot and 
dry, the winters are mild. 

The principal occupation of the Indian population is farming, 
hunting and fishing; that of the white (27,000) stock-raising and 
farming. Some of the Indians have large plantations. 

The Territory is divided in 25 reservations; the principal tribes 
are the Choctaw, Cherokee, Arapahoe and Cheyenne, Chickasaw, 
Creek, Kiowa and Comanche. Most of them are converted to 
Christians. 

The capital of the Territory is Tahlequah; there is Muscogee, 
Vinita and a number of other small towns, where considerable trading 
is going on. 

There are over 200 public schools with over 6000 pupils and a 
great many churches. The sale of intoxicating liquors is strictly 
prohibited. 

The Atlantic and Pacific and the Missouri, Kansas and Texas 
railroads are passing through the Territory. 


OKLAHOMA. 

Oklahoma was formerly a part of Indian Territory, and was 
organized as a separate territory in 1890. The strip, called “Public 
Land” is also attached to it. Its population is 61,834. 

It is divided into seven counties and the balance of it is covered 
with Indian reservations. It is bounded in the north by Kansas, in 
the east, south and west by Indian Territory. 

The principal rivers are the Arkansas, the Red Fork of Arkansas 
river, the North Fork of Canadian river and the Canadian. 

The forests contain profitable timber and the prairies are covered 
with rich grasses. Coal deposits are found to some extent. 


3) i e Staatcn. 


239 


&er 53oben ift ungefjeuer retc§ unb frudjjtbar. $)ag ©rag ift iippig 
unb eg toerben gute Grn*en Don SBeijen, 9Jtaig, SBaumrooKe, £abad unb 
§eu erjielt. 3 n ben ^Prarien gibt eg ungeljeuer Diet 5 >rariel)uf)ner unb 
^rarieljunbe. @g ift genug Sffiilb oorljanben, rate 2 (ntilopen, §irfdf)e, 
SBaren u. f. ro. 

■Dtineralien raerben bort nod^ nict)t probugirt. 

$)ag $tima ift gefunb, obfdfjon bie Sommer lang, Ijeif$ unb trocfen 
finb. 2 )ie -JBinter finb milb. 

SDie §auptbefcf)dftigung ber inbianifcfjen 23eoolferung ift Sanbroirtijs 
fcfyaft, Sagen unb gifdien ; bie ber 2Beif$en (27,000) SSiefeud^t unb £anb= 
roirtfjfd&aft. Ginige ber gnbianer Ijaben grofte ^Blantagen. 

2)ag ^erritorium ift in 25 9teferoationen getljeilt. $)ie barauf 
tooljnenben §auptftamme finb : bie GljoctatD, Gberofee, 2lrapaf)oe unb 
Gfyepenne, Gfjidafuro, ©reef, $ioroa unb Gommanctje ^nbianer. ®ie 
meiften berjelben finb §um G(jriftentf)um befeljrt. 

SDie §auptftabt beg Serritoriumg ift £aljlequalj. 2 (uf$erbem gibt eg 
nodb eine Stngaljl anberer fleiner Stabte, roie Muscogee unb SSinita, tdo 
bebeutenber ganbel getrieben roirb. 

Gg beftefjcn iiber 200 offentlid^e Scfjulen mit einer Sdjuter§afjl Don 
iiber 6 , 000 ; aud) finb fef)r oiele $ircf)en ba. $)er SSerfauf geiftiger 
©etranfe ift ftreng Derboten. 

$>ie Atlantic unb pacific unb bie 9Jiiffouri, $anfag unb £e£ag 
Gifenbatjn fiibren burcf) bag Xerritorium. 

Oflafjoma. 

DHafyoma toar fritter ein beg gubianerterritoriumg un fc nmrbe 
erft im gafjre 1890 alg ein befonbereg Serritorium organifirt. $er 
Sanbftridfj “ Public Land” (Deffentlicfjeg Sanb) nmrbe auctj bamit 
Dereinigt. Seine 23eooIferung belauft fid) auf 61,834 Seelen. 

SDag Serritorium mirb in fieben ©raffdfjaften eingetljeitt; ber iibrige 
Sljeil entljalt ^nbianerreferoationen. 9 toben gren^t eg an $anfag, 
im Often, Sliben unb 2Beften ang gnbianerterritorium. 

®ie §auptfliiffe finb ber 2 Irfanfag, bie 9teb $orf ^ Slrlanfag, ber 
sftortlj gorf beg Ganabian unb ber Ganabianftufr. 

'Die 2 Batber ent^alten eintrdgltdjeg £ 0(3 unb bie ^rdrien finb mit 
faftigen ©rafern bebecft. 2(udf) M)len(ager finben fid) Dor. 


240 


The States. 


The climate is generally healthy; the winters are mild and the 
summers warm. 

The principal occupations are agriculture and fur trade. The 
staple products are corn, rice, wheat, rye and potatoes. 

Guthrie is the capital of the Territory. Its principal towns are 
Kingfisher, Oklahoma and Stillwater. The rapid growth of these 
places is wonderful. 

In the western part of Oklahoma is a colony of old Union soldiers. 


NEW MEXICO. 

Area: 122,500 square miles. Population: 153,593. 

The country consists of high plateaus, traversed by ranges of the 
Rocky mountains. The chief rivers are the Rio Grande, Rio Pecos, 
Colorado and Gila. 

Iron, lead, copper and other metals are found and mined. The 
gold and silver mines are of great importance. 

The forests in the mountain ranges contain chiefly pine, cedar, 
spruce, cottonwood, sycamore, oak, walnut and other trees. . 

The plateaus, valleys, and hill-sides are covered with indigenous 
grasses, furnishing the best of pasturage for sheep and cattle. There 
is excellent hunting in New Mexico. 

The chief industries are stock raising, wool growing, mining and 
some agriculture in the valleys. 

The climate is dry and healthy. 

There are about 1,200 miles of railway. 

Santa Fe, with 5,982 inhabitants, is the capital of the State and 
the oldest city in the United States, next to St. Augustine. 

Las Vegas, is noted for its extensive sheep trade and its Las Vegas- 
Hot Springs, Albuquerque, Rincon and Silver City are places of 
importance. 

There were several tribes of troublesome Indians, but they have 
been removed to the reservations. 


$ie ©taatcn. 


241 


Das $lima ift ini 2lllgemeinen gefunb ; bte SBinter finb milb unb bie 
©ornrner warm. 

Die §auptinbuftrieen finb Slderbau unb ^el^anbel, bie §auptprobufte 
9MS, 9tei§, SBei^en, 3^oggen unb ^artoffeln. 

©utljrie ift bie §auptftabt be3 DerritoriumS. Die bebeutenbften 
©tdbtdfjen finb ^ingfifljer, Dflaljoma unb ©tilltnater. Da3 rafdjje 2Badf)fen 
biefer $Id$e ift gerabeju tnunberbar. 

roeftlidje D§eile non Dflafjoma befinbet fidj eine ^olonie alter 
UnionSfolbaten. 


Weto SWcyico. 

glacfjeninljalt: 122,500 Quabratmeilen. Senolferung : 153,593. 

Da3 2anb beftefyt au§ fjofjen plateaus unb tnirb non 2tu£laufern be§ 
gelfengebirgeS burd^ogen. Die §auptftuffe finb ber 9tio ©ranbe, 9tio 
*Peco3, Gotorabo unb ©ila. 4 

Gifen, SBlei, ^upfer unb anbere DJtetallc tnerben gefunbcn unb 
gegraben. Die ©o!b= unb ©Uberminen finb non grower SBebcutung. 

Die 2Bdlber in ben ©ebirg^tigen entfyalten fyauptfddjlid) gidjjten, 
Gebern, $ed)tannen, SaumtnoUenfjoIg, ©pcamore, Gicf)en, SMnujjbdun.e 
unb anbere §o( 3 arten. 

Die $Iateau3, Dealer unb gtigel finb rnit einheimifdjen ©rdfern 
bebedt, tneldfje bie befte 28eibe flir ©<$afe unb 9tinber bieten. Die §agb 
in 9?etn ^e^ico ift ausge^eicfmet. 

Die §auptinbuftrieen finb ©djafjudjt, Sergbau unb in ben Dljdlern 
2lderbau. 

Da§ $lima ift troden unb gefunb. 

Die ©cfammtldngc bcr Gifenbafynen betrdgt 1,200 -Uteilen. 

©anta #e, mit 5,982 Gimnofinern, ift bie §auptjiabt be3 ©taateS 
unb nad;ft ©t. 2(uguftine bie altefte ©tabt bcr 23er. ©taaten. 

£o§ 3Sega§, ift befannt tnegen fetneS au§gebreiteten ©c!)af§anbel3 unb 
ber nadjj ifym benannten Ijeifjen £luetlen. SHbequerque, Rincon unl> ©ilner 
Gitp finb gleid)fatt3 $la£e non SBidjtigfeit. 

G3 roarcn unrufyige Snbianerftamme aber fie finb in bie 

9teferoationen gebrad)t morbcn. 



242 


The States. 


UTAH. 

Area: 83,000 square miles. Population: 207,905. 

There are two principal mountain ranges, the Wahsatch and the 
Uintah Mountains. The country is rugged and broken and forms a 
vast plateau, its lowest part being 4,500 feet above the level of the sea. 
The country lacks moisture and irrigation must be used to render the 
soil productive. Wild sage, tufts of sand-grass, buffalo-grass and 
desert weed cover the surface. 

The largest of its numerous lakes is the Great Salt Lake. The 
principal rivers are the Colorado, Green, Grand, Bear, Jordan and 
Santa Clara. 

The mineral deposits include precious and useful metals, among 
which are gold, silver, iron, copper, lead, salt etc. There are most 
extensive deposits of iron ore in Iron Mountain, near Salt Lake. 
Timber, except pines and firs in the mountains, is scarce. There are 
many wild beasts, and game of every variety is plentiful. Salmon, 
trout, perch and other good fish abound in the rivers. 

The chief industry is farming. Cattle and sheepraising is carried 
on. Various fruits are raised, as figs, pomegranates and other tropical 
fruits ; apples, grapes etc. of large size and excellent flavor. 

There are a number of iron works, as foundries, furnaces etc. 

The climate is mild and healthy. 

There are over 1,300 miles of railway. 

The population of Utah consists mostly of Mormons and the 
“Gentiles”, who do not believe in Mormonism. 

Salt Lake City, population 45,843, is the capital. It contains the 
great Mormon Tabernacle, an immense edifice. There are several 
other important cities and towns. 


ARIZONA. 

Area: 112,920 square miles. Population: 59,620. 

Of the 72,906,240 acres of this territory, which is one of the most 
delightful sections of the country, 60,000,000 are public lands. Its 


$> i e ©taatcn. 


243 


Ufaf). 

gldd^emnfjalt: 83,000 Quabratmeilen. SBenoIferung: 207,905. 

Broei §auptgebirg§ 3 iige, ber SBabfatd; unb bag Uintabgebirge, burets 
gieljen biefeg Derritorium. Dag £anb ift raub unb uneben. @g bilbet ein 
unermeglid)eg £od;p!ateau, beffen niebrigfter ^>unft 4,700 guf$ liber bem 
9J?eeregfpiegel gelegen ift. Der 33oben entbebrt ber geudfjtigfeit unb eg 
muf$ fiinftlicbe SBeroafferung angeroanbt roerben, urn iljn ergiebig gu madden. 
SBilbe ©albei, ©anbgragbiifcbel, SBtiffelgrag unb 2Bliftenunfraut bebeden 
bie Dberftadbe. 

Der grofcte ber gablreidfjcn ©eeen ift ber ©rofce ©al^fee. Die 
§auptftliffe finb ber Golorabo, ©reen, ©ranb, 23ear, ^orban unb ©anta 
©lara. 

Die $ftineralienlager entbalten foftbare unb nii^lidje 9Jietatte, alg Pa 
ftnb: ©olb, ©ilber, ©ifen, $upfer, 23lei, ©alg u. f. ro. Ungefjeuere 
^o^Ienlager finben fid) in ben SJron fountains umueit beg ©algfeeg. 
2lbgefef)en non gidfjten unb ^iefern, bie auf ben ^Bergen roadmen, ift ber 
§olgnorratb gering. @g gibt triele reiftenbe unb 28ilb jeber 2lrt. 

2ad^§, goretten, SBarfd) unb anberc gute $ifd[je gibt eg in 9Jtenge in Pen 
giliffen. 

Die §auptinbuftrie ift 2(derbau, aucb 2$ieb‘ unb ©cf)af§udf)t rairb 
betrieben. 3Serfd^iebene griidjjte, n>ie Jcigen, ©ranatapfel unb anbere 
tropifdfje grudf)te roerben gegogen, unb SXepfel, 3Seintrauben u. f. ra. finb 
non ungemeiner ©rofje unb auggegeidjnetem ©efdbmad. 

@g beftetjen aucb ©iefjereien, ©cfjmelgbfen u. f. vo. 

Dag $linta ift mtlb unb gefunb. 

‘Die ©ifenbaljnen nefymen 1,300 3Jteilen ein. 

Die SBeuolferung beftebt au3 9Jlormonen unb „©entileg" ($eiben), 
b. b* foldjen, roeldbe fidf) nid^t gum 9flormonentbum belennen. 

©alt Safe Gitp, mit 45,843 ©inroobnern, ift bie §auptftabt. ©ie 
entbalt einen ungebeueren Sau, ben grofeen 9)tormonentempel. iduf.erbem 
ftnb nocb einige bebeutenbe ©tabte unb Dbrfer ba. 

Slrigotta. 

glacbeninbalt: 112,920 Quabratmeilen. 33et)blferung: 59,620. 

33on ben 72,906,240 2ldern biefeg Dcrritoriumg, roelcbeg eine ber 
reigenbfien ©egenben beg Sanbeg ift, geborett 60,000,000 gu ben offenttidjen 



244 


The States. 


boundaries are Nevada and Utah on the north, Mexico on the south, 
New Mexico on the east and California and Nevada on the west. 

The general surface consists of wide plateaus, high mountains, 
intersected with numerous streams of considerable size, sometimes 
running in deep canons, and broad and fertile valleys, skirted by forests 
containing very valuable timber. 

The principal rivers are the Colorado, with its celebrated Grand 
Canon; the Little Colorado, the Gila and several others, but none of 
these rivers are of much value for navigation. The mountains are 
principally of a granitic and metamorphic limestone formation; the 
southwestern part of the territory shows a distinct volcanic formation. 

Extensive tracts of land in the fertile valleys yield abundant crops 
of grains, fruits and vegetables, for which good prices are readily 
obtained in the local markets. 

The rivers will, like the Nile, annually overflow the lands, thus 
enriching the soil and affording facilities for irrigation, by the aids of 
unsurpassed reservoirs and canals. 

The climate of Arizona is delightful throughout the year, 
excepting in the vicinities of the Lower Colorado and the Gila, the 
heat being excessive in mid-summer in these localities. In the northern 
sections, the heat is not excessive in day time, and the nights are cool 
and refreshing. Frosts and snow are seldom seen. The rainy season 
is in June, July, August and September. 

Many magnificent Aztec ruins are found in various parts of Arizona, 
which show that they have been once occupied by a large population, 
possessing advanced civilization. The Aztecs were agriculturists and 
herdsmen, had extensive vineyards and mines, but they were driven 
from their homes by the warlike Apaches. Since the American 
occupation, there has been a large immigration of industrious Mexican 
herdsmen and farmers, while the influx of hardy American pioneers, 
protected by United States troops, served to repress the savage Apaches 
and do much to regain its former prosperity. The sections most 
extensively populated by Americans and Mexicans is the central portion, 


2) i e S t a n t ett. 


245 


Sanbereien. 2)ie ©rengen btlben 9teoaba unb UtaB im -iRorben, s U?erifo im 
0uben, 9?ero 5Jlejtfo im Often unb ©alifornien unb 9?eoaba im SBeften. 

$)ie DBerftddje BefteBt im 2UIgemeinen cm3 §ocBeBenen nub BoBen 
Bergen, gmifcBcn benen fid) ga^Ireid^e Strome non betradjtlidjer ©roge, oft 
butcB tiefe gelfeneinfcfjnitte BinburcB, minben, unb au§ Breiten unb fruits 
Baren Sclent, beren Sfugenranber BerrlicBe, roertBootteS §otg entBaltenbe 
SSBdlber Bilben. 

SDie $auptftiiffe finb ber ©olorabo mit bent Beriiljmten grogen ©anon, 
ber Oleine ©olorabo, ber ©5ila unb einige anbere; aBer feiner biefer gliiffe 
Bat grogen 2Bertf) fur bie ScBifffagrt. 5Die 33erge BefteBen meiftenS au3 
©Jranit unb metamorpBifdjen ^alffteinformationen ; ber fubmeftlicBe STBeit 
be3 £erritorium§ geigt beutlicB oulfanifcBe formation. 

UngeBeuere Banbftreden in ben £B<*lern ergeBen reid^e ©rnten non 
©etreibe, Oft unb ©emufe, mofitr in ben lofalen ^tarften leicBt gutc ^preife 
gu ergielen finb. 

2)ie gliiffe uBerfdjmemmeu toie ber jdBrlicB ba3 Banb, BereicBern 
auf biefe SBeife ben 23oben unb Beforbern bie $8erodfferung mittelft 
unitBertroffener SBafferBegdlter unb handle. 

2)a§ $lima non Slrigona ift, auger in ben ©eaenben bc3 Boroer 
©olorabo unb beS ©JilafluffeS, mo bie §it$e im §ocBfommer unertrdglicB ift, 
ba3 gange JJagr B^urdB teigenb. ben norblicBcn ©5egenben lagt fid© bie 
§ifce mdBrenb be§ ^age§ ertragen, unb bie 9ldcBte finb fiiBl unb erfrifcBenb. 
groft unb Scgnee fieBt man felten. 2)ie 9tegengeit ift im $uli, 
Slugufi unb (September. 

SSiele BerrlicBe 9tuinen ber Slgtef'en roerben in oerfcBiebenen ^B e ^ en 
non 2lrigona gefunben, gum 23emei3, bag biefe ©Jegenben einft non einer 
ftarfen, auf einer B^B^ren Hulturftufe fteBenben 23coolferung BeraoBnt 
murben. 2>ie 2lgtefen maren Banbrnirtge unb SSieBgucBter ; fie Befagen aud) 
Bebeutenbe 2BeinBerge u”b SBergmerfe, murben aBer burd) bie friegerifcBen 
StpacBen con iBren §eimftatten oertrieBen. Seitbent ba§ Serritorium in 
ben $efi§ ber Union gelangt ift, fyat eine ftarfe ©inmanberung fleigiger 
megifanifcBer 23ieBgucBter unb BanbmirtBe baBin ftattgefunben, mdBrenb bie 
aBgeBarteten, amerifanifcBen ^Sioniere, meldje unter bem ©cBu£ non 
SSereinigten Staaten Sruppen fid© bott nieberliegen, bie milben 2lpadjen 
guriidbrdngten unb oiel bagu Beitragen, ben fruBeren SBoBlftanb rnieber* 
gugeminnen. 2)ie ©tegenben, in benen 2lmerifaner unb ^Jtejitaner am 
gajjlreicBften finb, Befinben fid© in ber -Jftitte be3 £erritorium$ in ben 


246 


The States. 


the valleys of the Santa Cruz river south of the Lower Gila, and the 
vicinities of the gold mines. 

There are several Indian tribes of which the Apaches are hostile to 
the whites, while the others, especially the Pimas are friendly, 
hospitable, live in villages and produce even large crops of wheat etc. 

The mineral wealth of Arizona is very great: gold, silver, even 
platinum, tin and other precious metals are found. Most of these rich 
minerable regions are still unexplored on account of the hostility of 
the Apaches. 

The largest city is Tuscon, population 5,095, on the Santa Cruz 
River in the heart of an excellent agricultural country and with rich 
mines in the vicinity. Other important towns are La Paz, a mining 
place, Arizona City, Wickenburg, Phoenix, Florence and Tubec. 

The capital of the Territory is Prescott. 


ALASKA. 

Area: 577,300 square miles. Population: 40,000. 

Alaska, in the northwestern corner of North America, was 
purchased by the United States from Russia for 8,000,000 dollars. 

It has three extensive mountain ranges, the Rocky Mountains, the 
Coast Range and the Alaskan Range. There are 61 volcanoes of which 
10 are active : Mount St. Elias, the highest mountain in North America, 
is 19,400 feet high. There are some very high glaciers. There are 
innumerable bays, channels etc. The largest river is the Yukon, over 
2,000 miles long. There is abundance of timber, the largest and most 
valuable of which is the yellow cedar, white spruce, birch and Oregon 
pine. 

The most valuable minerals are copper, coal and sulphur. 

There are a great number of large islands along the coast of which 
the Aleutian Islands and the group of 1,100 islands, called the Alexander 
Archipelago, are the most noted. 

Alaska may be divided into three districts, the Yukon District or 
northern, the Aleutian or middle and the Sitkan District or southern. 


£)ie ® t a a t e n. 


247 


£ljalern be§ Santa GrugsJluffeS, fubltd^ oom Sotoer ©ila unb in ben 
©olbminen. 

23erfd(jiebene Snbianerftamme teben f)ier. 23on biefen finb bie 2lpad)en 
feinblictj gefinnt; bie anberen bagegen, namentlidfj bie $ima3, oerljalten 
fid^ ben SBeifjen gegeniiber freunbfctjaftlidfj; fie finb fefjr gaftfrei, teben 
in SDorfern gufammen unb ergielert fogar grofee Grnten non SBeigen u. f. to. 

$)er TOneralienreidfjtljum 2lrigona’3 ift fel;r grofj. (Mb unb Sitber, 
fogar ^tatin, ginn unb anbere toerttjoolle 9ttetatte tocrben gefunben. 
SSiele biefer reicfjen SJtinengegenben finb roegen ber feinbfeligen §altung bcr 
2tpadfjen nod) nicfjt erforfd^t. 

2)ie groftte Stabt ift £u3fon, mit 5,095 Gimoofjnern, am Santa 
Grug s gtuffe im §ergen einer au§gegeicfjneten tanbioirtf)fcf)aftlict)en ©egenb 
unb nidjt toeit oon einem reicfjen 9Jtinenbegirf. inhere toidfjtige Stdbte finb 
2a $ag, etn 9)tinenpta£ ; 2trigona Gitp, SBidenburg, ^^oenig, gloreng unb 
$£ubec. 

$Die §auptftabt be§ £erritorium3 ift $re§cott. 


Wa$ta. 

gladjeninfjalt: 577,300 Quabratmeiten. 23eoblferung: 40,000. 

2)a3 £erritorium 2tta$fa, in ber norbtoeftlicfjen Gde 9Zorbamerita’3, 
fjaben bie 2Sereinigten Staaten fur $8,000,000 oon Dtufelanb gefauft. 

G§ befi^t brei au3gebet)nte ©ebirg§gitge, ba§ ^elfengebirge, ^ cn 
$uften= unb ben 2tta§fa=©ebirg3gug. GS gibt bort 61 SSutfane, oon benen 
10 tfjcittg finb. 2)er St. GtiaSberg, ber bod^fte 23erg in s Jtorbamerifa, ift 
19,400 guj* fjocfj. Stud; einige fef)r fjolje ©letfd;er finb ba. 35emer!en§= 
merit) finb bie gafjttofen Sudeten, Ganate u. }. to. $er gropte gtug ift ber 
5)u!on, toetcfjer uber 2,000 9Jteiten tang ift. 2)a§ Sanb befitjt cine 
llnmenge Saufjotg; bie gropten unb mertljoottften 2trten finb : bie gelbe 
Geber, bie toeifee ipedjtanne, bie 23ucf)e unb bie Dregonficf)te. 

$ie roertboottften 9Jiineralien finb ^upfer, M)le unb Scfjtoefel. 

2ang§ ber ateutifdjen $iifte tiegt eine grope 2tngafjl grofeer $nfetn, oon 
benen bie 2IIeuten unb bte ©ruppe oon 1,100 Snfetn, ber fogenannte 
„2Ite£anberardfjipet", bie befannteften finb. 

9ttan fann 2lta§fa in brei ©iftrifte, ben 2jutanbiftrift obcr norblidfjen, 
ben ateutifdjen ober mittteren unb ben Sitfabiftrift ober fubtidjen, tfjeiten. 


248 


The States. 


The Yukon District is well supplied with timber ; grain does not 
mature ; turnips and radishes flourish extremely well, also potatoes. 
There are no fruit trees, but small fruits such as red and black currants, 
gooseberries, cranberries and raspberries, are found in great abundance. 

The Aleutian District comprises the Aleutian Islands, which contain 
lofty mountains, mostly of volcanic character. 

In the Sitkan District cereals fail on account of the moisture. The 
climate is mild but intolerably rainy. Turnips and other vegetables 
succeed well. 

The fur trade of Alaska is the only branch of industry which has 
been fully developed. 

The fur-bearing animals are the seaotter, the seal, beaver, ermine, 
fox, marten, black beer etc. The whale and walrus is of value in 
furnishing ivory and oil. The fisheries are productive sources of wealth : 
Cod, halibut, herring and salmon of extraordinary size are caught. 

The natives in Alaska consist of the Esquimaux or Innuits, the 
Tinehs, the Aleuts and the Thlinkets and Hydas. They are superstitious 
and cruel and live in polygamy. There are about 30,000 Indians. 
They are very skillful in building canoes. 

Sitka is the capital with about 1,200 inhabitants. Fort Wrangel 
and St. Paul are the next important towns. 


THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

The District of Columbia lies between the 39 0 and 40° N. 
parallel of latitude and the 77 0 W. Meridian of longitude. Its present 
limits lie entirely in the part ceded by Maryland. It originally 
consisted of a tract of land lying on both sides of the Potomac River 
which had been ceded by Maryland and Virginia for the Federal 
Capital, in 1791. It was a square of 10 miles, comprising 100 square 
miles, but in 1846 all the portion, ceded by Virginia, was retroceded 
to that State leaving the present extent of the District 64 square miles. 
It has a population of 230,392. Bounded by Maryland on the north 


£>te ® td aten. 


249 


$>er gufonbiftrift ift rcidf) an Saufjolg; ©etreibe gelangt nicfjt §ur 
itteife, bagegen gebeiljen roei^e 9tuften unb 9tettige aufserorbentlicf) gut; 
eftenfo Svartoffeln. Dftftftaume gift! e$ nicfjt, after ffeinere $riidf)te, roie 
rotfje unb fdf)nmr$e 3°I) ari ni6fteeren, ©tacfyelfteeren, -iDtooSfteeren unb 
§imfteeren, merben in 9Jtenge gefunben. 

S>er afeutifcfje SDifirift umfa^t bie afeutifdjjen ^nfefn, au f melcfjen e3 
fet;r fjofte Serge non meift nulfanifdjem (S^arafter giftt. 

3m ©itfabiftrift !ommen §iilfenfrucf)te ber uftermdj 3 igen 9taffe fyalfter 
nicfjt fort. S)a§ ^lima ift mifb, after itnertraglicf) regnerifcfj. SBeipe 
9tiiften unb anbcre ©emiifearten gebeiljen gut. 

SDer ^ef^anbef Sttfa^fa’^ ift ber ein^ige ^Nbuftriesmeig, metier nottig 
entroideft ift. 

Sic ^eljtf)iere finb bie gKfcf)otter, ber Sifter, baS $ermefin, ber gucf)§, 
ber -JRarber, ber fdjroarje Sar u. f. tu. $)er SBaUfifd^ unb ba§ 2Sattro{$ 
finb non SSertf) megen be§ (Sffenftein§ unb Dele§. SDie §ifcf)ereien finb 
ergieftige ttteidjtfjumSquetten. ©todfifdje, ©cf)ol!en, §aringe unb £acf)fe 
non ungemofjnlidjer ©rofte merben gefangen. 

£)ie Cingeftorenen SllaSfa’S ftefteijen au§ (S3fimo3 ober ben Smmiten, 
ben %inet)$, ben 2tfeuten, ben £f)linfet§ unb §pben. ©ie finb after* 
glduftifdj unb graufam unb leften in Sielmeifterei. (S3 ftefinben fief) 
ungefdftr 30,000 3>nbianer ba. SDicfe finb fetjr gefcf)idt in §erftettung non 
$df)nen. 

©itfa ift bie §auptftabt mit ungefdfjr 1,200 (Sinmoljnern. 3 n smeiter 
unb britter Sinie fommen $ort SBranget unb ©t. ^3auf. 


3cr (Snfumfita. 

$)er 2)iftrift Columbia liegt ^mifdjen bem 39. unb 40. Sreitengrabe 
unb bem 77. 28. Sangengrabe. ©eine gegenroartigen ©renjen fatten 
nottftdnbig iu ben ©taat 9ftarplanb fjinein. Urfprimglicf) fteftanb ber 
©iftrift au3 eincm ©tricfje Sanbe3 §u fteiben ©eiten bes Sotomac, mefcfjet 
im Safjre 1791 non Wrarplanb unb Sirginien fiir bie Sunbe3f)auptftabt 
aftgetreten murbe. (Sr ftilbete ein Siered non 10 ^JZeilen unb umfaftte 
100 Duabratmeifen. 3 m 3«^e 1846 murbe jebodj ber non Sirginien 
aftgetretene Sttjeif mieber an biefen ©taat ^uriidgegeften, fo bafi ber 
gegenradrtige $fdd)eninf)aft be3 2)iftrifte3 au3 64 Quabratmcilen ftefteftt. 
(Sr fjat eine Senblferung non 230,392 ©eefen. 3 m ^orben unb Dften 
non 2Rarpfanb, im ©iiben unb 2Beften nom ^otomacfliifie ftegren^t, mirb 


250 


The States. 


and east and the Potomac River on the west and south, it is traversed 
by the Anacostia or Eastern Branch and Rock Creek. 

The surface is hilly and undulating, presenting many attractive and 
magnificent views. Its climate is peculiar; it is delightful in May, 
June, October, November and even very often in December; the 
winters are mild. This seems to be the culmination point of a northern 
and southern climate. While the forests abound with all the varieties 
of northern trees, even the magnolia will thrive here, and many various 
shrubs ornament the forests, and parks which are not found anywhere 
in the same latitude farther west. Although somewhat moist, the 
climate is healthy. 

Washington, the capital of the United States, situated on the 
Potomac River, is the only city of the District but it has a number of 
delightful suburbs. This is undoubtedly the most beautiful city of the 
United States, and the future will not be very distant when it will be 
the most magnificent city of the world. Persons visiting this country, 
should not fail to pay Washington a visit. The accommodations are 
excellent, the hotels are good and their prices reasonable. Persons can 
also find private lodgings and board in all parts of the city. 

The population of the city consists of about two thirds whites and 
and one third negroes. The German population is over 15,000. 

Washington is connected with all parts of the United States by two 
principal railroads, the Baltimore and Potomac and the Baltimore and 
Ohio R. R. und the Norfolk steamers. There are all kind of street 
railways, horse-cars, cable-cars and electric-cars. The Chesapeake and 
Ohio Canal passed through the District at Georgetown, now called 
West Washington, but was destroyed in 1889 by the flood. There is 
every indication however that the canal will be repaired and Washington 
will not be deprived of its waterway in that direction. 

. The city is supplied with water by an aqueduct, carrying it from 
the Great Falls of the Potomac River. 

The sewerage is excellent. 

Washington has many schools of the highest order and churches of 
all denomination many of which are large and handsome buildings. 


£)ie © taaten. 


251 


er won b:m Slnacoftia ober bem oftlidfjen 2lrme beg Potomac unb bem 9tod 
Greet (gelfenbadj) burd^floffen. 

$)ie Dberfladjje ift Ijugelig unb rnellenformig unb reidj an Ijerrlid;en 
reigenben 2lnficf)ten. $)ag $Iitna ift gtnar ettnag feud;t, aber bod; gefunb. 
Gg ift f;errlid) im ^ftai, guni, October, 3^ooember unb felbft oft nod) im 
$egember. S)ie SBinter finb milb. Ueberljaupt fdfjeint Ijier ber 23e= 
riiljrunggpunft eineg nbrblidfjen unb fublid^en ^limag gu fein. 2Bal;renb 
bie SBdlber reid^ finb an alien Slrten norblicfjer SBalbbdume, gebeiljt bod; 
aud; bie Magnolia unb oerfdiiebene ©trdud;er gieren bie 2Balber unb ^arfe, 
roie fie meiter tneftlidj unter betnfelben 33reitengrabe nirgenbg angetroffen 
tnerben. 

28afl)ington, bie §auptftabt ber 33ereiuigten©taaten, am $otomacfluffe 
gelegen, ift bie eingige ©tabt beg 2)iftriftg. SDagegen liegen einige f)errlid;e 
SSorftdbte im ©iftrifte. SBafljington ift ungmeifel^aft bie fdjjonfte ©tabt 
ber ^ereinigten ©taaten, unb bie 3eit fc^eint nid^t fern gu fein, mo eg bie 
fdjbnfte ©tabt ber 2Selt fein tnirb. $ein Sluglanber, ber biefeg Sanb 
befuc^t, follte eg unterluffen, ber ©tabt einen 33efud) abguftatten. SDie 
53equemlid;feiten finb auggegeicfmet, bie §otelg gut unb il;re ^Sreife 
ertrdglid;. 2(ud; ^rinatrnoljnungen mit $oft finb in alien Xljeilen ber 
©tabt gu l)aben. 

S)ie Gimool;nerfcf)aft ber ©tabt beftet;t aug ungefa^r groei SDrittel 
SBeipen unb einem SDrittel 9leger. 2)ie beutfdje 33enolferung ift ettnag 
iiber 15,000 ©eelen ftarf. 

2Baff)ington fjat 33erbinbung nadj alien Sweden ber S3ereinigten 
©taaten burd; gtoei §auptbafynen, bie ^Baltimore unb ^otornac unb bie 
Baltimore unb Dfjio Gifenbabn; mit bem Sltlantifd^en Dgean ftel;t eg burd) 
bie 28afljington=9iorfolf ©ampfer in SBerbinbung. 9)tan f)at Ijier jebe 2lrt 
non ©trageneifenbaf)nen, ^Sferbeba^nen, £abelbaljnen unb electri[d;e 
23af;nen. $>er S^efapeafe unb Dfyio $anal ^atte normalg einen feiner 
Gnbpunfte in ©eorgetotnn, tnelcfjeg jept 2Beftrnafljington Ijeipt, murbe aber 
in 1889 burd; eine Ueberfcf)tnemmung gerftort. 3 nl)e ff en fte^t eg giemlid) 
feft, bag ber $anal rnieberljergeftetlt tnirb, fo bag SSafljington aucf) in biefer 
9?id)tung feiner 2Bafferftraf$e nidf)t beraubt fein tnirb. 

2)ie ©tabt tnirb burd; eine SBafferleitung non ben ©rojjen fallen beg 
Potomac l)er mit SBaffer nerforgt. 

©ie Slbguggfanale finb auggegeicfmet. 

2Bafl)ington f)at niele trefflid^e ©ctjulen unb $ircf)en, non benen niele 
grope unb fdjbne GJebdube befipen. 


252 


The States. 


There are published several excellent English newspapers and also 
two German papers. 

There are only a few factories, foundries and mills, but some 
extensive breweries and magnificent stores are no rarity. The market- 
houses, especially Center-market are very practical; they furnish 
supplies and products from all zones. 

Washington may boast upon having the widest avenues and streets, 
which nearly all are concreted ; thousands of all varieties of shade-trees 
are planted on both sides of the streets all over the city. There are 
numerous parks with fine monuments, the most exquisite flowers, shrubs, 
rare trees, the magnolia, vines etc. 

All styles of architecture are found and the number of fine 
residences and palaces is great. 

The District is governed by three Commissioners, who are 
appointed by the President. They are at present: John W. Douglass, 
John W. Ross and Lieut. Col. H. M. Robert. 

The citizens of the District have no vote in elections. 

The principal curiosities of the city are Washington Monument, 
555 feet high; the Capitol, the largest and finest building in the 
World; the White House, the official residence of the President; the 
State, War and Navy Building; the Treasury; the Post Office; the 
Patent Office ; the Naval Observatory; the Agricultural Department; 
the Botanical Garden; the Navy-yard; the United States Barracks ; 
the Museum and the Smithonian Institution ; the Government Printing 
Office; Soldiers Home; the Catholic University. Mount Vernon, 
with the tomb of George Washington, is only 18 miles from Washington, 
and is visited by thousands of people every year. 

There are many more attractive places, too numerous to mention. 












2) i e ©taaten. 


253 


@inige auSgegeicfjnete englifdje unb gtnei beutfdje 3 e ^ un 9 en crfdjeincn 

fyier. 

2Baff)ington barf ftd^ riiljmen, bie breiteften SlnenueS unb ©tragen gu 
befit 3 en, melcfye faft aHe concretes ^ffafter Ijaben; ^aufenbe non aften 2lrten 
non ©dfyattenbdumen faffen faft fdmmtlidje ©trajjert ber ©tabt ein unb bie 
gafjlreidjen ^arfanlagen finb mit Ijerrlicfyen 'Dtonumenten, mit ben 
auSgefudjteften 23lumen, mit ©trdudjern, feltenen 33dumen rate ber 
Magnolia, mit ©d)linggerodd)fen u. f. m. gefdpniid't. 

Side ©tile ber SBaufunft unb eine grofte 3 a *)l prac^tiger §aufer unb 
^alafte fann man t)ier fefjen. 

T'er SDiftrift mirb non brei ©ommiffdren regiert, bie non bem ^rafibenten 
ernannt merben. ®ie je^igen Gommiffdre finb bie§erren $of)n 28. Douglas, 
3o^n 28. Sftofj unb Dberftlieutenant §. 2ft. Robert. 

£)ie 23tirger beS ©iftriftcS tjaben fein ©timmredjt bei 28aljlen. 

®ie fyauptfdd)lid)ften ©eljenSrourbigfeiten ber ©tabt finb: baS 
28afljington Monument, (555 gujj Ijodj); baS Gapitol, baS grojjte unb 
fcfjbnfte ©ebdube ber 3BeIt; ba§ 28eijje §auS, bie offi^iette 28of)nung beS 
2>rdfibenten; baS ©taatSs, $rieg3= unb 2ftarittege6dube; baS ©dja^amt, 
baS ^ofigebaube; baS ^atentamt; ba§ 2ftarineo6fernatorium; baS lanbs 
mirtbfc^aftlidje SDepartement; ber botanifc^e ©arten; ber ©djiffsbaufyof; 
bie 2$ereinigten ©taatcn 23arraden; baS 2ftufeum unb baS ©mitfjfonian 
gnftitut; bie 2tegierungSbrud'crei; bie ©olbatenfjeimatl); bie fatfjolifd)c 
Uninerfitat. 2ftount SSernon mit ber ©ruft ©eorge 28aff)ingtonS ift nur 
18 HReilen non 28aff)ington entfernt unb mirb jafjrlid) non Xaufenben non 
gremben befud)t. 

Stufeerbem gibt eS nod) niele angiefjenbe $un!te in ber Umgebung ber 
©tabt, bie gu galjlreidj finb, alS ba| mir fie Ijier aufgafjlen fonnten. 


254 


The Labor Question. 


'The Labor Question in tbe U. S. 


The labor question, both in Europe and the United States, has 
become a momentous social-political problem, of such vast importance 
that even state- legislatures are compelled to give it earnest consideration. 
The governments and legislatures of all civilized nations endeavor to 
improve the condition of the working class by establishing endowments 
for the sick and disabled, by providing asylums for the support of the 
old and feeble, by the inspection of factories, by sanitary methods and 
by protecting women, children and the working class in general against 
oppression. The advancement of civilization and extension of education 
have increased the intelligence of the working class and their desire to 
better their condition, to lead a more respectable life, to improve their 
education, and not to be treated as a subordinate class. The example 
of the first French Revolution, which removed the yoke of oppression 
from the third class (citizens and peasants) has awakened a resistless 
desire in the laboring classes (called the fourth in Europe) to emancipate 
themselves from servility. The individual, unaided, is not able to 
achieve anything; hence the organizations of the working classes in all 
civilized countries and more particularly in the United States. These 
labor organizations make it their duty to protect the individual as 
well as the whole body of workingmen against the oppression of their 
employer. The enormous capital, the factories and manufactures, the 
rich railroad and mining companies are only too often inclined, to treat 
their, employees and workingmen as mere machines, demanding from 
them full time and labor without, in return giving them sufficient means 
to live a respectable life. The only means of protection they have against 
such tyranny are “the strike, the lock-out and the boycott”. 
These labor organizations determine the minimum of wages and if they 
are not granted by the employers, a strike is inaugurated. 

The principal labor organizations of America are “ the Knights of 
Labor and the Federation of Labor”. Both organizations make it 
their duty to improve the condition of the working class in the factories, 
manufactories, mines, railroads, in correcting the sanitary, moral and 
economical conditions by exerting their influence upon the legislatures 
of the states. They hold their National Conventions, in which certain 


2) i e 2lrbeitcrfrage. 


255 


pic ^ v b ettcvfv*agc in turn pev. ptaaten. 


$)ie 2lrbeiterfrage fpielt in @uropa rote in Slmerifa eine bebeutenbe 
fojiabpolitifd^e 9?oftc, roeldje oon Igaljr gu !Jafjr roidfjtiger roirb unb in bag 
Slab ber ©taatggefe^gebungen aftentljalben eingreift. 3 n alien cioilifirten 
©taaten finb 9tegierungen unb ©efetjgebungen befliffen, ben Sfrbeiterftanb 
burdj 2lltergoerforgung, burcfy $ran!enfaffen, burd) SBeauffidfjtigung ber 
gabrifen, burd; ©efunbfyeitgpflege, burcf) 53efcl)ut3ung beg grauengefdjlcdfjteg 
unb ber $inber in gabrifarbeiten u. f. ro. gegen SBebriidung unb 2lugbeu= 
tung gu f<3)u|en. s Utit ber (Sioilifation, mit ber aftgemeinen 23ilbung fteigt 
audj bie gnteftigeng ber arbeitenben $Iaffen, roelcf)e nacf) ©elbftdnbigfeit, 
nad) einem menfdjenroitrbigen Seben, nacfj SBilbung, nadjj ©lei<f)bered)tigung 
ftreben unb fid; nicfyt inefjr atg eine unterroiirfige ^roletarierflaffe fflaoifd) 
bef)anbeln unb augbeuten laffen rooften. 2Sie in ber erften frangofifdjjen 
^teoolution ber britte ©tanb (33iirger unb SBauern) non bent fflaoifdjen 
2>rude befreit unb emangipirt rourbe, fo ftrebt jetjt ber Slrbeiterftanb, ber 
in (Suropa alg ber oierte ©tanb gilt, nac^ einer gleidfjen (Smangipation. 
SSereingelt roiirben bie Slrbeiter afterbingg nidftg erreicf)en ; fie l;aben fid^ 
bafjer in often cioilifirten ©taaten unb namentlicf) aucf) in 2fmerifa organi= 
firt. 2)iefe 2frbetters Drganifationen bienen bagu, bie eingelnen Slrbeiter 
ebenfo roie ben gefammten Slrbeiterftanb gegen SBebriidung ©eiteng ber 
SCrbeitgeber gu fd)ii£en. 2)ag grofce Capital, bie gabrifen, ^tanufafturen, 
bie reidjjen (gifenbaljns unb $Bergroerfgs(5ompagnien betracfften oft bie 
SCrbeiter nur alg 3Jlafd)inen, roelcfje fooiel alg moglicfj arbeiten miiffen, ol;ne 
bag notljroenbige Del, namlidfj ben gur menfcfjenrourbigen (Sgifteng ooft* 
ftanbig augreicfyenben 2ol;n gu erl;alten. £ei Vittel beg ©elbftfcf)ut$eg 
finb bie ,,<Strife^", ber 2lusftanb non ber Slrbeit, foroie ber fog. „Sopcott". 
SDie Slrbeiter 5 Drganifationen beftimmen unter fief) bag Minimum beg 
Sofyneg, unb roenn bagfelbe non ben Slrbeitgebern oerroeigert roirb, greifen 
fie gu ben ,,©trifeg". 

2)ie §auptarbeiter = Drganifationen 2lmerifag finb bie Setter ber 
Slrbeit (Knights of Labor), foroie ber 23unb ber 2lrbeit (Federation of 
Labor). SBetbe finb befUffen, bag Soog ber Slrbeiter unb Sfrbeiterinnen 
in ben gabrifen, 3Dtoufafturen, 5ftinen, an @ifenbal;nen in gefunbl;eits 
lidjjer, fittlidfjer unb bfonomifcfyer §infidf)t burcf) bie ©taatggefefjgebungen gu 
oerbeffern. ©ie fjalten i§re NationalsGonoentton unb fteften if)r ^rogramm 


256 


The L ab o r Question. 


rules are adopted, which govern and are strictly observed by the 
members. They create funds for their mutual assistance. Their latest 
aim is the eight-hour system with compensation for a full day’s work. 
This measure is indeed justified, if we consider, that, according to the 
last census, about a million laborers are without regular work. Should 
the day’s labor be reduced to eight hours, the employers will be 
compelled to employ more laborers, in order to meet the demand of 
the public. This measure will not only benefit those without work but 
is also of the greatest importance to municipal governments, cities and 
states, as work and almhouses will be depleted of its lodgers and the 
so-called tramps, so numerous in this country, will be induced to go to 
work again. 

Another, very beneficial factor would be to give the workman 
a better chance to devote some time to his family, the welfare and 
education of his children. The many new inventions in machines etc. 
cause the productions to be made cheaper, thus rendering hand-work 
almost unnecessary. Every new invention decreases the number of 
workmen employed and increases the number of unemployed. Even in 
these instances the eight-hour system will prove a benefit for those 
without work. 

The American labor organizations have so far not followed the 
labor organizations in Europe, especially in Germany, in forming a 
distinct political party, but the time will soon come, when they will 
have their representation in legislatures and congress. 

Indeed, the labor organizations will be important elements in our 
future state of politics. The working class are the real producers, the 
factors of the welfare of the State. These organizations oppose the 
dictations of capital and are the enemies of monopolies, and deserve 
the support of every true philanthropist. Where “Money-oligarchy” 
is in control, pauperism will increase. Capital, not men, will rule the 
State. The downfall of powerful Rome was hastened by the conflict 
between the “Rich and Poor”. 


2) i e s Jtrbciterfragc. 


257 


auf, mcldfjem bie gur 2lrbeiter=Drganifation geljorigen 3frbeiter gu folgett 
gebunben finb ; fie Ijaben if)re gonb3 gur adgemctnen Unterftiipung. 9tad) 
iljrem rteueften ^programm ift bie 2Id(jtftunben=2(rbeit per £ag mit bent 
uoden SlrbeitSloIjne per £ag feftgefept. 5Diefe 9Jtaf$reget roirb baburdj 
geredfjtfertigt, baj$ nadfj bent @enfu3 ungefaljr eine Million Slrbeiter !eine 
regelmdfcige 33efd^aftigung fiuben. 28irb nun bie £age§arbeit auf 8 ©tuns 
ben feftgefefct, fo miiffen bie STrbeitgcber buret) bie 25erringerung ber 
2(rbcit§geit meljr STrbeiter anfteden, um ba§ bi3t)erige 9Ka{$ ber $robuftion 
gu erreidjen. @3 ift bie§ eine ^JJtajjreget, tnelcf)c nidfjt nur ben arbcitslofen 
5Irbeitern tjilft, fonbern aucf) int gntereffe ber ^tunicipaloerroaltungen, ber 
©tabte unb be3 0taatc3 bafyin roirft, bafj bie 2trbeit§= unb 2lrmenl)dufer 
nidfjt uberfiiCCt finb unb bie int Sanbe umfjerftreifenben fog. „Xramp3" 
roiebcr gut Slrbeit guriidfefyren. 

2(nbererfeit3 fod bie 2(d^tftunben=2(rbeit§nta6regel auct) bagu bienen, 
bent 2lrbeiter tciglid^ eine freie 3^* nab ^tujse fur feine gamilie, fur bie 
Gsrgicfyung feiner $inber unb fur feine geiftige 23ilbung gu uerfdfjaffen. 3Me 
nielfactjen neueren ©rfinbungen itn 3Tiafd)inenmefen finb barauf geridjtet, 
bie ^robuftion fo bidig tnie moglid) unb bie 9Jtenfd;enarbeit moglidfjft iiber= 
fliiffig gu ntadben. 9Jtit jeber berartigen neuen Gsrfinbung miiffen bemnact) 
meniger Slrbciter befcfyaftigt unb bie 3 a ^ ber orbeitslofen Slrbeiter 
nermetjrt roerben; aud; in biefem gade ift bie -Idafjreget ber 2Id;tftunben= 
Slrbcit per £ag e;n <Sct)ui} fiir bie 2(rbeit3lofen. 

2)ie amerifanifd)en 3Irbeiter=Drganifationen Ijaben bister nid)t eine 
befonbere potitifcfye ^artei, mic in @uropa unb namenttid) in £)eutf<f)lanb 
e3 ber gad ift, gebilbet. 6$ ftefyt jebod^ mit ber 3eit tool)! gu erroarten, 
bap fie al3 politifcf)e ipartei in ben ©efepgebungen unb im Gongrejj 
auftreten. 

3um 0<f)luf$ mup nod) bemerft merben, bap ber 2(rbeiter=Drganifation 
in ber eine roi^ttge 9tode im -Staatoleben gufaden mirb. 2)ie 

SIrbnter finb bie mirflidfjen ^robugenten, bie gattoren ber SBofjlfafjrt be§ 
@taate3. ®ie 2(rbeiter=Organifationen finb bie geinbe ber ^Ronopole, 
ber $apital()errfcf)aft unb oerbienen bie Unterftiipung jebe3 maljren 
9Jtenfdf)enfreunbe<3, benn, mo bie ©elboligatd)ie road)3t, nimmt bie $et)rfeite 
— ndmlid) ber $aupcri3mu3 — gu. 0tatt ber 9Jtenfct)en gelten bto§ bie 
Slapitalien, metdfje ben 6taat bel)errfcf)en. £)er o!igard)ifd;e 6taat, 
bef)errfcf)t non bem Capital ber 9ttidionare unb SfJtonopcte, fin!t gu einer 
6pefulation§borfe Ijerab. £)er Untergang ber altromifcfjen 9&eltf)errfd[)aft 
ift nur burdj ben $ampf groif cfjen Sieict) unb 2lrm befctjieunigt morben. 


258 The Population of the U. S. 

THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES 
AND TERRITORIES ACCORDING TO THE 
CENSUS OF 1890. 

3Nc HBctootfcrung bcr SJeretmgtcu Staatcn unb Scrriiorien, (ant bent 
GenfuSkridjt non 1890. 

The United States, bie SJereirtigten 0 taaten - - 62,622,250 


Maine. 661,086 

New Hampshire. 376,530 

Vermont.. 332,422 

Massachusetts.2,238,943 

Rhode Island. 345,506 

Connecticut. 746,258 

New York.5,997,853 

New Jersey. 1,444,933 

Pennsylvania.5,258,014 

Maryland. 1,042,390 

Delaware. 168,493 

Virginia. 1,655,980 

West Virginia... 762,794 

North Carolina. 1,617,947 

South Carolina.. 1,151,149 

Georgia.1,837,353 

Florida. 391,422 

Kentucky. 1,858,635 

Tennessee.1,767,518 

Alabama.1,513,017 

Mississippi. 1,289,600 

Louisiana. 1,118,587 

Arkansas. 1,128,179 

Texas.2,235,523 

Ohio.3,672,316 

Indiana.2,192,404 


Illinois. 3,826,351 

Wisconsin.1,686,880 

Michigan..2,093,889 

Minnesota.1,301,826 

Iowa. 1,911,896 

Missouri.2,679,184 

Nebraska.1,058,910 

Kansas. 1,427,096 

North Dakota.. 182,719 

South Dakota. 328,808 

Montana. 132,159 

California. .. 1,208,130 

Oregon. 313*767 

Colorado. 412,198 

Nevada. 45,761 

Washington. 349*390 

Idaho. 84,835 

Wyoming. 60,705 

Indian Territory. 74*997 

Oklahoma. 61,834 

New Mexico. ... 158,593 

Utah. 207,905 

Arizona. 59,620 

Alaska. 21,929 

District of Columbia. 230,392 




1 



























































SDic SSerfaffurtg ber 33cr. ©taaten. 


259 


I>ie ycx‘fa|Tmt0 bci* gtaatciu 

SBir, baS 23olf ber 33creinigten ©taaten, in ber Slbfidbt, eine noil* 
fommcnere Union bergufteEen, ©erecbtigfeit gu fd^affen, bie 9tut)e im Sanbe 
gu fid^ern, fur bie ^ertbeibigung gu forgen, ba§ aEgemeine 2Bobl ^u forbern 
unb un3 unb unferen -ftacbfommen bie ©egnungen ber fjrei^eit gu fid^ern, 
nerorbnen unb erlaffen biefe 93erfaffung fiir bie -Bereinigten ©taaten non 
2lmerifa. 

Wrtifct 1. $cr ©efcggcbimgsguieto. 

© e f t i o n I. 2lEe gefeijgebenbe ©eroalt foE einem Congreffe ber 
SBeretnigten ©taaten iibcrgeben fein, ber au§ einem ©enate unb einem 
ffteprafentantenfjaufe befteben foil. 

© e f t i o n II.—C t a u f e l 1. 2)a3 Ste^rafentanten^auS foE au3 
9Jlitgliebcrn befteben, meld)e aEe gmci 3&b re non ber 33eoblferung ber ner= 
fcgiebenen ©taaten gemdblt merben, unb bie 2Bd§Ier in jebem ©taate 
muffen bie fur Stabler beS gablreidbften gmeigeS ber <2taatSlegi6(atur 
notijigen Qualififationen befigen. 

C l a u f e I 2. 9Uemanb ift gum Sfteprdfentanten mablbar, ber nic^t 
fein flinfunbgroangigfteS Sebengjabr erreicf)t l)at, fieben 3ab re burger ber 
IBereinigten ©taaten gernefen unb nidf)t gur $eit feiner Crmablung ein 
SBeraobner bca ©taateS ift, in betn er ertoaljlt merben mag. 

© I a u f e I 3. SJteprafentanten unb birefte ©teuern foEen im 33er= 
gdltnig tfjrer refpeftinen $8enolferung3gabi auf bie oerfdjiebenen, bie Union 
bilbenben ©taaten nertljeilt merben unb ba§ SBenolferungSoerbaUnig foE in 
ber SBeife beftimmt merben, bag gur ©efammtgaljl aEer freien ^erfonen, 
cinfcblteglicb folcger, bie fur einen Vermin non 3<*b ren in einem ©ienfiners 
galtniffe ftegen, unb au3fdf)lieglicb unbefteuerter gnbianer, brei gunftel 
aEer anberen ^erfonen gegaglt merben. (Slnmerfung : SDamit maren bie 
©flaren gemeint.) S)ie befinitine 23otf3gabIung foE innergalb non brei 
gabren nadf; bem erften 3 u f am tnentritt be§ Congreffes frattfinben unb 
fpater aEe gefjn in folcger SBeife, mie er burdb ©efeg norfdfjreiben 
mirb. SDie $abl ber SSertreter foE einen fur je 30,000 Cinraobner nic^t 
uberfteigen, aber jeber ©taat foE meniafteng einen 33ertreter b^ben ; unb 
bi3 bie gdblung norgenommen ift, foE 9^ero §ampf()ire, brei; 3Jlaffac^u= 
fctts, acgt; dil)obz gstanb unb ^3rooibence Colonien, einen ; Connecticut, 
funf; Sftem $orf, fecb§ ; 9?em 3 er f e 9/ nier; ^ennfytnania, acgt; SDelas 


260 © i e Serf ajfung ber Ser. © t a a t c it. 

ware, ei.nen ; SDiarpIanb. fedjg ; SBirginien, gefyn; Scorb (Carolina, fiinf; 
©lib Sarolina, fiinf, unb ©eorgia, brci 33ertreter enoafjlen fbnnen. 

©I aufel 4. 2£enu eine Slide in ber SSertretung eineg ©taateg 
entfteljt, fofi bie dtegierung begfelBen eine neue SKaljl augfdjreiBen. 

SIaufel 5. ©ag Steprcifentantentyaug foil feinen ©prefer un> 
anbere 23eamte erwa^Ien unb bag augfdjliefjlidjc 9ted;t beg „2>mpeadjmcnt" 
(ber Stallage) Befitgen. 

© e! t i o n III.—( 1 1 a u f e I 1. ©er ©enat ber SSereinigten ©iaaten 
fod aug gtnei ©enatoren non jebem ©taate Befteljen, biefe foden non ben 
Begiiglidjen ©taatglegiglaturen auf fed)g galjre geroaljlt tnerben ; unb jeber 
©enator fofi eine ©timme IjaBen. 

SI auf el 2. ©leid) nacf) ber SSerfammlung in golge ber erfterc 
SBafjl foden fie fo gleidjmdfjig tnie moglid) in brei ^laffen getljeilt tnerben. 
©ie ©i£e ber ©enatoren .ber erftert Piaffe foden nacf) SlBlauf beg erftert 
gaijreg frei tnerben; bie ber gmeiten Piaffe nad; nier galjren unb bie ber 
britten Piaffe nadj fecf)g Saljren, f° bajg etti ©rittel ber gal;l ade gtnei 
Saijre getndljlt tnirb ; unb tnenn Stiden burd) 9£ieberlcgung beg SJianbatg 
ober auf anbere 23eife tnafyrenb ber gerien ber ©taatglegiglaturen ent^ 
fteljen, fann bie S^ecittine beg Betreffenben ©taateg tempordre Srnennungen 
Big gur nadjften ©i^ung ber Segiglatur, tneld)e bann bie Stiffen enbgiiltig 
gu fiiden fjat, norneljmen. 

S l a u f e l 3. Sftemanb fod ©enator tnerben, ber nidjt fein breifjig= 
fteg gafjr erreid)t f)at unb neitn !Jal)re ^Burger ber Sereinigten ©taaten 
gernefen ift unb ber nidjt gur 3 e ii feiner 3Ba()I Simnoljner beg ©taateg ift, 
in tneldjem er getndljlt tnerben fod. 

S 1 a u f e 1 4. ©er 33ice=$rafibent ber SSereinigten ©taaten fod 
^rdfibent beg ©enatg fein, aBer feine ©timme fjaBen, auggenommen tnenn 
bie ©timmen gleidjmdjgig nertljeilt finb. 

S I a u f e 1 5. ©er ©enat fod feine anberen SBeamtcn tnafjlen, aud; 
einen ^rdfibenten pro tempore in ber SlBtnefenljeit beg SSice^rafibenten, 
ober menu biefer bag Slmt eineg ^rafibenten ber SBereinigtcn ©taaten 
nerfie£>t. 

S i a u f e l 6. ©er ©enat adein fod bie -Jdadjt IjaBcn, iiBer ade 
„3mpead^raentg // Urtljeile gu fallen, unb tnenn er gu biefem gtned 
nerfammelt ift, fod er unter Sib ober 23efrdftigung an Sibegs©tatt 
fjanbeln. SBenn ber ^rdfibent ber SSereinigten ©taaten angellagt tnirb, 
fod ber DBerrid;ter prafibiren ; unb Sttemanb fod ol)ne bie guftimmung 
non gtnei ©ritteln ber amnefenben. SJiitgtieber nerurifyeilt tnerben. 


£>te$Berfaffungber$er. ©taatcn. 261 

6 I a u f e I 7. (Sine liBerurtfjeilung fod nid)t inciter geljen al§ bis 
jur SfmtScntfetgung unb gur Gntgieljung ber 23efai)igung, irgenb cine 
©tedung, bie Gljre, SSertrauen unb SBort^eit unter ber ^tegierung ber 
SBercinigten ©taaten mit fid) bringt, gtt beflciben; aber ber SBcnirtfyeilte 
fotT mdjtsbeftoiocniger ber 2Inftage, bem ^Sroceffe, bem Urtfjeile unb ber 
©trafe unter ben ©efc^en untertuorfen fein. 

© e! t i o n IV. — (Slaufel 1. SDie 3eit, ber Ort unb ber 
2Bal)lmobu§ fur ©enatoren unb 2?eprdfentanten foil in jebem ©taate burcfj 
bie 2tegierung beffelben beftimmt tnerben ; aber ber Gongref3 !ann gu jebcr 
$eit burd) ©efeit foldjc SBeftimmungen abanbern, auSgenommen ben Drt 
ber 2Baf)f fiir ©enatoren. 

(S ( a it f e I 2. S)er Gongrefc fod fid) roenigftenS einmal in jebem 
Saljre oerfammefn unb bie ©iigung foil am erften 3Cdontag im ©ecember 
ftattfinben, e§ fei benn, oafs burd) ©efeig ein anberer Stag beftimmt rnirb. 

© ef t i o it V.—G { a u f e l 1. 5^3 $au3 foil bie 9tefultaie 
ber 2Baf)len unb bie 23efdf)igung feiner Sdlitglieber prtifen unb eiite 
SSJiajoritat jebe§ §aufe§ fod ein Quorum gur gniljrung ber G5efd)dfle bilben ; 
rtbcr eine ffeinere 2(ngaljl fann fid) non Stag gu Stag oertagen unb foil 
beoodmdd)tigt fein, bie 2lnmefenl)eit abmefenber TOtglieber gu oeranlaffen, 
in fo!d)cr SBeife unb unter fo!d>en ©trafen, mic jebe§ §au§ fie beftimmt. 

6 I a u f e I 2. 3ebe§ §nu§ fjat feine StageSorbnung gu beftimmen, 
feine SOdUglieber megen unorbentlicfyen $8etragen3 gu fieftrafen unb fann, 
mit einer SDiajoritdt non grnci SDruteln, ein SEditglieb au^ftofcen. 

GI a u f e l 3. gebe§ §au3 fod ein tdglid)e§ ^rotofod liber feine 
SBerfjattblunaen flibren unb foIdfjeS non $eit S u 3 e ^ ueroffentlidjen, 
auSgenommen fofd)e £f)cile, mefd)c feiner 2tnfidjt nad) 3Serfd)roiegcnbeit 
erforbern unb bie namentlidje Sfbftimmung ber SEditglieber jebe3 §aufe3 
iiber irgenb eine §?rage fod, auf 2Bunfdj eine§ giinftels ber Slntnefenben, 
im ^rotefod aufgenommen merben. 

(5 l a u f e l 4. $cin §au§ fod maljrenb ber ©iiguvig be§ Gongreffeg 
ofyne bie gufiimmung beS anberen fid) auf longer af§ brei Stage unb nid)t 
nad) einem anberen Drte, al§ mo bie ©i^ungen ftattfinben, oeriagen blirfcn. 

© e f t i o n VI.—G l a u f e I 1. $)ie ©enatoren unb Slbgeorbneten 
foden eine SBerglitung fur ifjre SDienfte erfjalten, meldje burd) ©efe£ be= 
ftimmt unb au§ bem ©d)at$e ber 3Sereinigten ©taatcn begaljlt merben fod. 
©ie foden in aden gadcn, auSgenommen SSerratf), SSerbred)en unb SSergdjen 
^egen Hie offentIid)e Drbnung, nor SBerijaftung mdljrenb ber ©i£ung U)re§ 
§aufe§ unb auf Hirer §in= unb §erretfe gefd)Ufct fein ; unb fiir irgenb eine 


262 S)ic SSerfaffurtg ber 35cr. ©taaten. 

Sfabe ober ©ebatte in iljrem §aufe foden fie an feinem anbercn Drie gur 
$8erantroortung gegogen roerben. 

G I a u f e l 2. $cin Senator ober Slbgeorbneter fod tuafjrenb be£ 
^ermin§, gu bem er erroaljlt, gu einem anberen burgerlidjen Slmte unter ber 
Slutoritdt ber SSereinigtcn ©taaten ernannt roerben, rnenn biefeS Slmt 
rodfjrenb biefer $eit neu gefdjaffen ober beffen GJeljalt ertjbljt roorben ift; 
nnb Stiemanb, ber irgenb ein Slmt unter ben 33ereinigten ©taaten befleibet, 
fod ein SJiitglieb irgenb eineS §aufeS roafjrenb feineS 33erbleibenS im 
Slmte fein. 

© e ! tio n VII.—G lau | el 1. Side SSorlagen gur Grfjebung 
non ©teuern foden oon bent Slbgeorbnctenljaufe auSgeljen; aber ber ©enat 
fann SSerbefferungen, toie bei anberen SSorlagen, oorfdjlagen. 

(5 I a u f e I 2. Side 33orlagen, bie baS SlbgeorbnetentjauS unb ben 

©enat paffirt fjaben, follen, beoor fie ©efeig roerben, bem ^rdfibenten ber 

SSereinigten ©taaten oorgelegt roerben ; roenn er fie bidigt, fod er fie 

untergeicfjnen; aber roenn nicf)t, fod er fie rnit feinen Gmroanben bem 

§aufe, oon bem fie fommen, gurtidfenben, roelc^eS bie Ginrodnbe bann 

oodftdnbig in fein ^rotofod aufgunelpnen unb bariiber gn beratfjcn fjat. 

SSenn nad) folder 33eratl)ung groei ©rittel beS £aufe3 ber 23orlage 

guftimmen, fod fie mit ben Ginrodnben an baS anbere §au§ gefanbt roerben, 

roeld)e§ g(eid)fad3 bariiber gu beratfjen f;at, unb fads bie Shortage aud) Ijier 

groei 2)rittel Sftajoritdt erfyalt, fod fie ©efet} roerben. Slber in aden foldjen 

gaden fod namentlid)e Slbftimmung ftattfinben unb baS Stefultat im 

^rotcfoll oermerft roerben. SSenn irgenb eine fold^e Shortage oon bem 

^rafibenten innerl)alb ge£)n £agen (©onntag auSgenommen) nid^t 

guritd'gefanbt fein fodte, foil fie ©efetg roerben, in gleidjer SBcifc, als roenn 

ber $rafibent fie untergeidgrot Ijdtte, eS fei benn, bag ber Gongrefc burd; 

SSertagung bie guritdfenbttng oerljinbert, in incident gade fie nid;t G5efe& 

roirb. 

* 

6 1 a it f c l 3. 3ebe'3Serorbnung, £3efd)tujg ober Slbftimmung, fur 
roeldje bie guftimmung beS ©enateS unb beS SllgeorbnetenljaufeS noting 
ift (auSgenommen in Sktreff ber grage enter 33ertagung), fod bem 
^rdfibenten ber SSereinigten ©taaten oorgelegt roerben ; unb etje fie in 
SSirffamfeit treten, foden fie oon. if)m gebidigt roerben; ober fads er fie 
mijgbidigt, miiffen fic bie gufiimmung oon groei SDritteln beS ©enateS unb 
beS SlbgeorbnetenljaufeS erljalten, e^e fie in SBirfjamfeit treten fonnen, in 
gleidjcr SXBeife roie bieS mit einer ©efeigeSoorlage ber gad ift. 

© e! t i o n VIII.—G l a u f e l 1. S)er Gongrejg fod bie Sttadjt 


$ie SBerfaffung ber S 8 er. ©taatcn. 263 

fjaben, 2 lbgaben, ©teuern, 3 o^e unb 2 lccifc auf^ulegen unb 511 erljeben, bie 
©djulben 311 be^afjlen unb fur btc Sanbesoertfyeibigung unb ba3 atlgemeine 
2Bol)l ber SSereinigten ©taaten 3 U forgen; aber ade 3 bden, ©teuern, 
2 lccifen unb 21 bgaben fodcn im garden fianbe biefelben fern ; 

6 I a u f c l 2 . 2lnleif)en auf ben Grebit ber SSereinigpten ©taaten 
ab 3 ufdjlief$en ; 

G l a u f e l 3. 2)en §anbel mti fremben 92ationen, forme groifdjen 
ben einjelnen ©taaten unb mit ben inbianifd)en ©tammen gu regeln; 

G l a u f e l 4. Gine gleidpndjjige gorm ber -iJtaturalifation unb 
gleicfje G5efe|c in Sc^ug auf 23anferotte in ben 3 >ereinigten ©taaten 
ein 3 ufubren ; 

G I a u f e t 5. GJelb 311 prdgen unb ben SBertl) be^fetben, trie ben 
ber fremben ^Ru^en, 3 U regeln, ebenfadS ba3 tftormalmafj ber GJeroidjte 
unb 9Jtajje 3 U beftimmen ; 

G l a u f e l 6 . ©ie SBeftrafung ber galfdjer non ©taatgpapieren 
unb SDtitnsen 3 U ueranlaffen ; 

G l a u f e l 7. ^oftamter 3 U erridjten unb gute off entitle SBege 
fyersufteden; 

G l a u f e l 8 . 2Biffenfd)aft unb $unfte 3 U forbern, in ber 2Beife, 
bafe Slutoren unb Grfinber fiir eine geroiffe 3eit ba3 au3fd)lieptid)e 3^ec^t an 
ifyren ©d)opfungen unb Grfinbungen Ijaben; 

G l a u f e l 9. ©eridjtsfyofe 3 U erridjten, roeld)e unter bem oberften 
Ojeridjtsljofe j'tefyen foden; 

G l a u f e l 10 . ©eerduberei unb 33erbredjen auf Ijofyer ©ee, fouue 
SSergeljen gegen bas adgemeine 23olferred)t 3 U beftrafen ; 

G l a u f e l 11 . $rieg 3 U erfldren, ^aperbriefe au^ufiellen unb 
sBcftimmungen in Setreff non Groberungen 3 U Sanbe unb 3 ur ©ee 311 
treffen; 

G l a u f e l 12. Sruppen an 3 utocrben unb 3 U unterljalten ; aber 

feine Gielber 3 U biefem groed follen fiir eine langere 2 )auer alS 3 mei $al)re 

bcrodligt roerben; 

G l a u f e l 13. Gine $riegsftotte 3 U erridjten unb 3 U unterljalten; 

G l a u f e l 14. Seftimmungen iiber ben $ 8 efebl unb bie33ertt»enbung 

ber 2 anb= unb ©cemadjt 3 U treffen ; 

G l a u f e l 15. §>ie ^TRiUg einsuberufen, um bie 2lu3fut)rung ber 
®efe|e ber Union 3 U e^roingen, Slufrufjr 3 U bewdltigen unb feinblidje 
Ginfdde surudguweifen; 


264 2) i e SJerfaffung ber 2> c r. ©taaten. 

@ l a u f e l 16. fyiir bie Drganifation, 33eroaffnung unb Ucbung 
ber SJUlig gu forgen, and; folcpe Xpeile berfelben, bie irn SDienfte ber 
SSereinigten ©taaten ftepen, gu commanbiren, inbep fod ben eingetnen 
©taaten bie ©rnennung ber Dfficiere unb bie Slugbiloung ber OMig nacp 
ben S3eftimmunqen beg (Songreffeg norbepalten fein; 

G t a u f e l 17. Die augfcpliefUkpe ©ericptgpflcge in aden 2) iftrtf ten 
auSguuben, incite (menu nicpt groper alg gepn Sfteilen im Quabrat) burd; 
Slbtretung ber refpeetioen ©taaten unb Slnnapme ©eiteng beg (Songreffeg, 
©ip ber Stegierung ber 23ereinigten ©taaten roerben unb gteicpfadg biefelbe 
Slutoritat an aden ^Sldpen augguiiben, roclcpe mit ^uftimmung ber 
Segiglatur beg betreffenben ©taaten, in roetcpem fie Uegen, gur ©rricptung 
non geftungen, OJlagaginen, Slrfcnalen, ©cpiffg to erf ten unb anberen 
notpioenbigen S3aulicpfeiten angefauft finb ;—Unb 

© l a u f e I 18. Side ©efepe gu macpen, roelcpe gur ricptigen 
Slugfiiprung ber obigen unb ader anberen SSodmacpten, tneld)e burd; bie 
Gonftitution ber Stegierung ber SSereinigten ©taaten fo roie irgenb eine r 
Slbtpeilmtg berfelben ertpeilt roerben, notpig unb geeignet finb. 

©eftion IX. — Glaufel 1. 3)ie ©inroanberung folcper 
^erfonen, roeldje irgenb einer ber ©taaten gulaffen mag, fod oont Gongreffe 
nor bem Qapre 1808 nicpt nerboten roerben ; aber cine Slbgabe fann non 
folcpen (Sinroanberern erpoben roerben, roeldje nicpt poper alg gepn Sodarg 
flir jebe fperfon fein fod. 

6 l a u f e l 2. 2)ag ^prinilegium ber Habeas Corpus-Slfte fod nicpt 
aufgepoben roerben, auggenommen in gfaden, roo SXeoolution ober $rieg eg 
notpig macpen. 

(5 1 a u f e 1 3. gamtlienfcpdnbungg= unb rtidroirfenbe ©efepe foden 
nid;t erlaffen roerben. 

Glaufel 4. $eine ^opffteuer ober anbcre Slbgabe fod umgelegt 
roerben, auper im SSerpdltmft gum §enfug ober gur SSoIfggaplung. 

G l a u f e I 5. $eine ©teuer ober 3°d fod auf SSaaren gelegt roer= 
ben, bie aug irgenb einem ©taate ejportirt roerben. 

G1 a u f e l 6. $ein ©taat fod nor einem anberen SSortpeile in S3e= 
treff non §anbelgregulationen ober §afenabgaben paben, aucp foden ©cpiffe, 
bie non einem ©taate gum anberen fapren, nicpt notpig paben, in bem an= 
beren gu beclariren, clariren ober Slbgaben gu gaplen. 

61 a it f e l 7. (Mber lonnen aug bem ©taatgfcpape nur in golge 
non ©efepbeftimtnungen gegogen roerben, unb eine genaue Slufftedung ader 
(Sinnapmm unb Sluggaben fod non 3 c it 3 e it uerbffentiid;t roerben. 


2)ie33erfaffung better. ©taaten. 265 

6 l a u f e I 8. <Retn Stbelgtitel foE Don ben SSereinigten ©taaten 
Dertieljen roerben, unb Siietnanb, ber ein Stmt unter ber 9tegierung befleibet, 
foE ofjne ^uftimmung beg Gongreffeg cin ©efd;enf, eine S3etot;nung, ein 
Stmt ober einen Sitel non irgenb einem $onig, gurften ober fremben ©taate 
anneljmen blirfen. 

©eftionX.—Slaufet 1 . $ein ©taat foE SSertrdge ober 
S3unbniffe abfdjUefjen; ^aperbriefe augfteEen; ©elb prcigen; ©taatgpapiere 
auggeben ; irgenb roeldf)e anberen SBcrtfje alg ©olb unb ©ilber jur 3 ^btung 
non ©djulben gutaffen; “bills of attainder” ober ^riminalgefetje mit 
riidroirfenber Sfraft ober ©efe£e, roeldje SSerpftidjjtungen ober SSertrage urns 
ftofjen, ertaffen, nocf) Stbel uerteifjen fonnen. 

© I a u f e l 2 . $ein ©taat foE ot;ne guftimmung beg Gongreffeg 
<gins unb StugfufjrgoEe ert;eben fonnen, auggenommen forocit fold^e $ur 
Stugftifyrung ber betreffenben 3 n [P e 5tion§gefe^e abfolut nbtljig finb; unb 
aEe (Sinfiinfte non 3oEen unb Slbgaben foEcn in ben ©djatj ber SSereinigten 
©taaten abgefiiljrt roerben, aud; foEen aEe betreffenben ©efe§e ber 3teuifion 
unb ®ontroEe beg Gongreffeg unterroorfen fein. 

G l a u f e l 3. $ein ©taat foE oljne 3 u fti mmim g beg Gongreffeg 
©d)iff<3abgaben erfyeben, £ruppen ober$rieggfcf)iffe in griebenSjeiten unter® 
fatten, SSertrage mit einem anberen ©taate ober einer fremben SJtadjt ab= 
fdfjliefien, nodf) $rieg beginnen, auggenommen im gaEe eineg Stngriffeg ober 
einer ©efaljr, roetdjje feine S5er§ogerung geftattet. 


Stdifct 2. 2>ic $crtoattuitg. 

©eftion I.—Glaufet 1. 3)ie ooEgieljenbe ©eroalt foE fid; in 
ben §anben eineg iprafibenten ber SBereinigten ©taaten non Stmerifa be® 
finben. Gr foE biefeg Stmt roafjrenb eineg terming non Diet* ^at)ren be® 
tteiben unb mit bem S 3 ice=;prdfibenten, roeldfjer fur biefetbe 3 )auer gerodf)It 
mirb, in folgenber SBeife errodtjlt roerben: 

@ { a u f e I 2 . ^eber ©taat foE, in ber non ber Segiglatur oorgc® 
fd;riebenen SBeife, eine Stn^af)! non 2 Bai;lmdunern ernennen, eben fo grop 
mie bie ©efammt^atjl ber ©enatoren unb Stbgeorbneten, gu roetdjen ber 
©taat burdj Gongrejjbefcf)tufi beredjtigt ift; aber fein ©enator, Stbgeorb® 
ncter, nod) irgenb eine $erfon, roelcf)e ein Stmt unter ben SSereimgten 
©taaten beffeibet, foE gum 2Bat)lmann ernannt roerben fonnen. 

[Glaufet 3 ift burcf) ben fjier folgenben 12 . £ufa£ §ur SBerfaffung 
roiberrufen roorben.] 


266 3)ie9$erfaffungberSSer. ©taaten. 

3 u f a 4, 21 r t i f e l XII.—SDiefe (glectoren foden fidj in ifjrcn 
betreffenben ©taaten nerfammeln unb burdj geljeime 2Ibftimmung ben 
^rafibenten unb 23ice=^rdfibenten erroaljlen unb foil roenigftenS einer non 
bicfen fetn ©inroofyner beS roablenben ©taateS fein; fie foden auf ben 
SBafjlgetteln ben ifrdfibenten befonberS unb auf anberen fo n 

33ice=23rdfibenten nennen ; fie foden ferner befonberc Siften auffteden itber 
afle refpectioe gum $rafibenten unb 23ice=$rdfibenten erroaf)lten ^erfonen, 
ebenfadS iiber bie 2lngaljl for ©timmen fur Seben; foefe Siften foCCen fie 
itntergeidjnen unb beglaubigen unb biefelben oerfiegelt an ben ©iig ber 
2tegierung ber SSereinigten ©taaten, abreffirt an ben ^raftbenien beS 
©enats, abfenben; ber ^rdfibent beS ©enats fod in 2Inroefenljeit beS 
©enats unb beS 2lbgeorbnetenIjaufeS ade biefe Siften bffnen, bie 2IngaljI 
ber abgegebenen ©timmen foil gegdl)lt roerben unb berjenige, auf roeldjjen 
bie meiften ©timmen fur ^rafibent gefaden finb, foil ^3rdfibent roerben; 
oorauSgefetgi, bafg bie $a§l for Stimmen bie 2)tef)rgaijl aHer ©timmen ber 
ernanntcn 2BaIjIcr bilbet, unb roenn 9ftemanb folcfje 9Jiajoritdt fjat, fo foil 
baS 2lbgeorbnetenIjauS fofort burd) geljeime 2Ibftimmung ben ^rafibcnten 
unter benjentgen erroaljlen, roeld)e bie Ijbdjfte 2Ingaf)l non ©timmen Ijaben; 
bod) foil fid) bie 2IuSroaljl auf brei 2?amen befd)ranfen unb foden bei biefer 
SSaljl bie ©timmen nad) ©taaten abgegeben roerben unb bie SSertretung 
jcbeS ©taateS eine ©timme Ijaben ; baS 2BaljIcomite foil auS einem ober 
meljreren !0litglieberrt non groei 2)ritteln ber ©taaten beftefjen unb eine 
9Jiajoritdt ader ©taaten foil fur eine 2BaI)l erforberlicf) fein. galls baS 
2lbgeorbnetenljauS nor bent nierten 9Jtarg beS folgenbcn ^aljreS nid)t einen 
^rafibenten erroaljlen fodte, menn baS SFted^t ber 2Ba!)I iljm guftefjt, fo foil 
ber SSice^rafibent als ^rafibent Ijanbeln, ebenfo raie itn gade beS £obeS 
ober bauernber Unfdljigfeit beS ^prafibenten. SDerjenige, roelcfjer bie fjbd)fte 
©timmen^aljl fur 2Sice=$rafibent erljalt, foil 33ice=$rafibent fein, fads biefe 
©timmen bie 9M)rgaI)l ber ernannten 2$afjter bilben, unb menn niemanb 
bie 9Jtajoritat befi^t, foil ber ©enat auS ben groei fjbdjften 9?amen auf ber 
Sifte ben SSice^rafibenten errodfylen ; baS 2Bafjlcomite p. biefem 3roed 
foil auS groei ©ritteln ber gangen 2lngal)l ber ©enatoren befteljen unb eine 
3Jtajoritdt ber gangen 3 a ^ foil fur eine 2Ba()l erforberlicf) fein. 2lber 
Niemanb, ber nerfaffungSgemdfj gum 2lmte beS ^rafibenten unfdl)ig ift, 
foil gum 33ice=^rdfibertten ber 93ereinigten ©taaten ernannt roerben 
lonnen. 

6 I a u f e I 4. $er Gongrefg fann bie 3eit ber 9BaI)l beftimmen, 
aud) ben £ag, an roeld)em bie ©timmen abgegeben roerben foden unb biefer 
Slag fod berfelbe in ben gangen 33ereinigten ©taaten fein. 


5Dic SSerfaffung ber 35er. ©taaten. 267 

6 l a u f e I 5. -ftiemanb, auSgenotnmen ein cingeborener SBiirger, 
ober toer gur $eit ber Slnnaljme biefer Gonftitution ^Burger ber SBereinigten 
©taaten roar, farm gum 2lmt beS ^prafibenten errod^It roerben ; aud) [off 
9ctemanb gu biefem Stmte mdfjlbar fein, ber nic^t baS SXfter oon funfunb= 
breipig ^aljren erretdjt fjat unb oiergeljn 3af)re Csimoofjner ber 33ereinigten 
©taaten qetoefen ift. 

6 I a u f e I 6. 2>m 5<*de ber SlmtSentfe^ung beS ^rafibenten, ober 
tm gade fetrteS SobeS, feiner 9lefignation ober Unfaf)igfeit, bie $flidf)ten 
femes 2lmteS gu erftiden, fod ber SBice^rafibent eS iiberneljmen unb ber 
Gongrefj mag burd; ©efehe fur gdde oon @ntfet}ung, Sob, Stefignation 
ober Unfdl)igfeit, fotooljt beS ^rdfibenten rote beS SSice^rdfibentcn, 
beftimmen, toeldjer SBeamte barm als ^Srafibertt fjanbeln foil, unb ber 
SBetrcffcnbe foil baS 2lmt befleiben, bis bie Unfafjigfeit geljoben, ober ein 
neuer ^Rrdfibent enodt)lt roorben ift. 

6 l a u f e l 7. Ser ^prdfibent foil gu beftimmten geiten fur feine 
Sienfte eine (gntfdfjabigung erfjalten, toeldf)e roa^renb feiner SImtSbauer 
roeber crf)bf)t nod) oerntinbert roerben foil, aucl) fod er roafyrenb biefer $eit 
feine anberen Gsinfiinfte non ben 23ereinigten ©taaten ober einem eingelnen 
©taate begieljen burfen. 

(5 I a u f e l 8. Cslje er fein 5tmt antritt, foil er ben folgenben @ib 
leiften :—„3cf) fd^roore (ober oerfidjjere) feierlidjjft, bajj tcf) baS Slmt beS 
^Prdfibenten ber Sereinigten ©taaten treu oerroalten unb nadj meinen 
beften $raften bie SSerfaffung ber SSereinigten ©taaten erljalten, befcl)ut$en 
unb oertfyeibigen toid." 

© e f t i o n II.—6 I a u f e l 1. Ser ^rafibent ift DberbefeljISs 
Ijaber ber Slrmee unb ber Marine ber SSereinigten ©taaten, fotoie ber 
•Utilig ber eingelnen ©taaten, roenn folctje gu actioem Sienfte ber 23ereinigten 
©taaten einberufen ift; er fann non ben oberften SBeamten jeber 9te= 
gierungSabtljeilung beren fdjjriftlidfje 9)?einungSduf$erung in SBegug auf 
irgcnb toelcfje in iljr ^effort fallenbe Slngelegenljeit einfjolen unb er foil bie 
gftadjt fjaben, ©trafSauffcfjub unb 33egnabigungen fur SSeraeljen gegen 
bie SSereinigten ©taaten gu getodljren, auSgenommen im gade non 
“Impeachment”. 

(5 l a u f e l 2. ©r fod bie 3Jtadjt fjaben, auf ben Slatfj unb mit 
guftimmung beS ©enateS, SSertrage abgufctjliefeen, oorauSgefe^t, bag groei 
SJrittel ber amoefenben ©enatoren guftimmen ; unb er fod, auf ben 3tatfj 
unb mit ber gufiimmung beS ©enateS, ©efatibte unb Gonfuln, !>tidf)ter beS 
oberften ©erid^SljofeS unb ade anberen SBeamten ber SSereinigten ©taaten 
ernennen, beren ©rnennung fjier nicf)t be.fonberS, oorgefeljen ift unb buret) 


268 3)ie$e¥faffungberSBer. Staatcn. 

®efeg beftimmt tnerben mogen; aber ber Gongreg !ann bie (Srnennung 
folder unteren SBeamten, memt angemeffen, bern $raftbenten adein, ben 
(S5eric^t§^ofen ober ben 2)epartement§d^ef§ iiberlaffen. 

© l a u f e I 3. £)er SSrafibent foil bie 9Jtad;t gaben, ade SBacangen, 
roeld^e mcigrenb ber ©enateferien eintreten, auSgufiiden, boc^ foIXen biefe 
(Srnennitngen am Gnbe ber nadjften Strung aMaufen. 

6 ef tion III.—(Sr fed non £eit 8 U bem Gongreffe einen 
SBeridjt iiber bie 3Serf)dItniffe ber Union erftatten unb foldje fUtagnagmen 
gu einer §8eritdfid()tigung empfeglen, raekf)e er fiir notgtnenbig unb nortl)etf= 
baft eradjtet; er lann unter befonberen Umftdnben beibe §dufer ober einS 
non ignen einberufen unb im gade einer $teinung3nerfdjiebengcit gmifegen 
ibnen in 23egug auf eine SSertagung fann er fie bi3 gu paffenber 3 e ^ 
nertagen ; er fod ©efanbte unb SBenodmacgtigte empfangen ; er fod ©urge 
tragen, bag bie ©efege getreulicb bcfolgt toerben unb fod ade SBeamte ber 
Sereinigten ©taaten beftaden. 

© e ! t i o n IV.—2)er ^rafibent, 2Sice=^prafibent, fotnie ade GiniU 
beamten ber S3ereinigten ©taaten foden ibrer Slemter entboben merbert, im 
gade einer SInUage unb $erurtgeUung megen 23erratg3, SBeftecgung ober 
anberer fd^roerer SBerbrecgen unb SSeraegen. 

^Irtifcl 3. $ic Suftij. 

© e 11 1 o n I.—®ie riegterliege ©emalt ber SSereinigten ©taaten 
fod au§ einem oberften ©eridjtggofe unb folcben nieberen <3>ericbt§^ofen 
beftegen, tnelcge ber Gongreg non $eit gu 3eit einfegen mag. SDie 9ticgter 
fotnogl be§ oberften roie ber nieberen ©eriegisgofe foden igr 2lmt nenuatten, 
fo lange fie baffelbe gut fiigren unb foden gu beftimmten geiten fur igre 
SMenfte eine SSergutung ergalten, tnelcge roagrenb igrer 2lmt§bauer nid^t 
nerringert merben fod. 

© e f t i o n II.—6 I a u f e I 1. ®ie[e riegterliege Gktnalt fod ficb 
auf ade gade erftreden, tnelcge unter biefe Gonftitution, bie G5efe£e ber 
SSereinigten ©taaten unb Sertrdge faden ; auf ade gade, tnelcbe ©efanbte, 
offentlid^e SBeamte unb Gonfuln beireffen ; auf ade jade non 2lbmiralitat§s 
unb f0tarine=3uftig; auf ©treitfragen, in benen bie SBereinigten ©taaten 
betgeiligt finb; auf ©treitfragen grnifeben groei ober megreren ©taaten ; 
groifegen einem ©taate unb 33lirgern eineS anberen; gtnifegen Siirgern 
nerfdjiebener ©taaten; gmifc^en SBiirgern beffelben ©taate§, tneldjc 
(Sjrunbeigentgum mit SBetnidigung nerfdjiebener ©taaten beanfpruegen unb 
gtnifegen einem ©taate, ober beffen SBurgern unb fremben ©taaten unb 
beren SBiirgcrn. 


©ieSSerfaffung.berSBer. ©taaten. £09 

6 l a u f e I 2. 5 n a ^ en Stiffen, tnelcf)e ©efanbte, anbere offcntlidfje 
SBeamte unb Gonfuln bctreffen, fotnie in folcfjen gdllen, in benen ein ©taut 
eine 'partci ift, foff ber oberfte (SJerid&tSfjof au3fd)lief$licf) ©erid)t3barfcit 
auSiiben. 3 n ftffen anberen, corner erroaf)nten Stiffen [off ber oberfte 
$eridf)t3f)of 2lppeffation3=3 n ft a n5 fein, mit folc^en 2lu&nal)tnen unb unter 
folcfjen SBcbingungen, roic fie nom Gtongrefj befiimmt tnerben mogen. 

(5 I a u f e I 3. SDer ^procefj fiir affc SSerbrcd^en, auogenommcn in 
Stiffen non „5mpead)ment", foff nor ©efcf)tnorenen nerfjanbelt tnerben unb 
bie 23erf)anblung foff in bem ©taate ftattfinbe.i, in bcm ba3 33erbred;en 
begangen tnorben ift; aber tnenn nidjt in einem beftimmten ©taate he* 
gattgen, foff ber $rocefi an foldfjen ^plct^en ftattfinben, tneldfje ber Gongreft 
burdfj ©efefce baju begeidjnet Ijaben mag. 

© e ! t i o n III.—© I a u f e I 1. §odjnerratf) gegen bie SBereinigten 
©taaten foff nur in einer $rieg3fiil)rung gegen biefelben, ober in s $artei= 
nafjme fiir ben Seinb unb beffen Unterftutjung beftef)en. 

(S I a u f e l 2. 9?iemanb foff roegen §ocf)nerratf) nerurtljeilt tnerben, 
auSgenommen auf ^cugnifr non jtnei Slugenjeugen ober auf ©eftdnbnijj nor 
offenem ©eridfjtofjofe. 

<5 I a u f e I 3. $)er Gottgrefe foff Watf)t f)aben, §od)nerratt) gu 
beftrafen; aber feine 3Serurtl)eilung tnegen §o^nerrat^ foff S am *ff ens 
fd;anbung nocf) GigentljumSnerfaff in fid) fdjliefeen, au§genommen, tnaljrenb 
ber £eben§,$eit be§ 23erurtfjeilten. 

9trtifc( 4. TOgcmcinc ©cftimmungcu. 

© e 11 i o n I. ©ie offentlidfjen 2lcte, (Srlaffe unb gericf)tlidjen 
SBerljanblungen eineS ©taateS foffen in ben anberen ©taaten nolle $raft 
fyaben unb ber Gongrefs !ann burdj affgemeine ©efetje bie 2lrt unb SBeife 
beftimmen, in ber folcfje 2lcte, Grlaffe unb 23erf)anbtungen redjtsfrdftig 
tnerben foffen. 

© e! t i o n II.—( 1 1 a u f e l 1. SDie 35iirger eine§ ©taate§ foffen 
affe ^rioilegien unb $orrecf)te ber SBtirger in ben anberen ©taaten 
genie jjeti. 

6 l a u f e I 2. Sine *perfon, raeldje in einem ©taate tnegen 2>crratl) 
ober anberer 23erbred)en nerfolgt rairb unb tneldjje fief) burd) SM* bem 
G5erid&ie entgie^t unb in einem anberen ©taate angetroffen tnirb, foff auf 
33erlangen ber SBeljorbe be§ ©taate§, non tneldjem fie entflofjen ift, au§ge* 
liefert unb nacf) bem ©taate, tneldjer in bem S«ff e ju fpredjcn f)at, 
abgefuljrt tnerben. 


270 


3)ie$erfaffung ber $ e r. Staaten. 

(E 1 a u f e 1 3. (SDiefelbe ift untnirffam getnorben.) -Kiemanb, bcr 
in SDienft unb 2lrbeit in einem ©taate unter beffen ($efe£en fteljt unb nad) 
einern anberen entfliel)t, foil rnegen irgenb tneldier ©efetje in letjterem non 
biefem SDienfte unb biefcr SCrbeit frei gemad)t, fonbern auf SSerlangen 
SDeSjenigen, ber ein diedjt auf biefe Slrbeit Ijat, auSgeliefert tnerben. 

© e f t i o n III. — (E l a u f el 1. -fteue ©taaten fonnen burd) 
(Eongrejsbefdjlug in biefe Union aufgenotnmen tnerben; aber fein neuer 
©taat foil innerlfalb bcr ©erid)t§barfeit eineS anberen ©taateS errid)tet 
rnerbeit; aud) foil fein ©taat burd) SSereinigung non grnei ober ©taaten 
ober beren Sfjeilen gebilbet tnerben, oljne bie 3 u fli mmun 9 ber betreffenben 
Segislaturen ber intereffirten ©taaten unb beS (EongreffeS. 

6 l a u f e l 2. 2)er (Eongrtj) foil bie s )Jtacf)t fyaben, ade notljigen 
Slnorbnungen unb Seftimmungen liber ba§ (3ebiet ober anbereS (Eigentl)um 
ber SSereinigten ©taaten $u treffen unb nid;t§ in biefer (Eonftitution foil §um 
©djaben ber SSereinigten ©taaten ober eingelner ©taaten auSgelegt tnerben 
fonnen. 

© e f t i o n IV. 2)ie s 3ereinigten ©taaten foUen jebern einjelnen 
©taat biefer Union eine repu6lifanifcf)e S^egierungSform garantiren unb 
foCCen jeben ©taat gegen (Einfdlle non Slupen befdjtiijen, fo rote auf 23er= 
fangen ber Segislatur ober ber (Ejecutinbeborbe (falls bie Segislatur nid)t 
einberufen tnerben fann) gegen innere Unruljen. 


5lriifel 5. Qufii^c jur ©crfaffuitg. 

$>er (Eongrefj foil, tncnn gtnei SDrittel beiber §aufer e§ not^ig finben, 
SCenberungen an biefer (Eonftitution norfdjlagcn, ober foil auf Slntrag ber 
Segi?laturen non gtnei ©ritteln ber ein^elnen ©taaten, eine (Eonnention 
berufen, um Slenberungen norguneljmen, toeldje in alien fallen unb fur ade 
3tnecfe biefelbe $raft fjaben foden, als tnenn fie einen S£(jeil biefer (Eon= 
ftitution bilbeten, fobalb fie burd) bie Segislaturen non brei SBierteln bcr 
eingeltten ©taaten ober bur$ dffcntlid>e SSerfammlungen in brei SSierteCn 
berfelben beftatigt tnerben unb foil bie eine ober anbere SSeife biefer 
SBeftdtigung nom (Eongreffe beftiiumt tnerben, norauSgefe^t, bag feine 
Slbanberung nor bent 3a§re l 808 gemadjt tnirb, tneldje in irgenb eincr 
SSeife (Elaufel einS unb nier in ber neunten 2lb%ilung be§ erften 2lrtifel3 
betrifft unb bajj fein ©taat oljne feine 3uftimntung feineS gleidjen ©timnts 
red)t§ im ©enate nerluftig gef)en foil. 


2) i e 33 e r f a f f tt n g b c r 23 c r. 6 t a a t c n. 


271 


Wvitfcl f>. ©erfd)icbenc SBcfHmmungcn. 

(5 I a u f el 1. 2lEe ©cfyulben unb SSerbinbltd^feiten, tueld^e t)or 
2lnnaljme biefev Gonfiitution eingegangen finb, follen biefelbe ^tedjtggultigs 
!eit gcgen bie 23ereinigten ©taaren unter biefer (Sonftitution, roie gegen bie 
friitjere Gcnf oberation fyaben. 

6 f a u f c l 2. SDiefe (Sonftitution unb bie (SJefet^e ber SSereinxgten 
©taaten, trcld;e in gotge berfelben erlaffen raerben foEen, ebenfaEg aEe 
biofjerigen unb ^ufiinftigen 33ertrage, toetdje unter ftuftimmung ber 
23ereinigten ©taaten abgefd^loffen roerben foEen, foEen bie ofcerfte !Red)tg= 
grunblage beg Sanbeg bilben unb bie 2tidjter in irgenb einem ©taate foEen 
baran gebunben fein, unbefc^abet ber etroa bamit in 28iberfprudj ftefrenben 
SBerfaffung ober ©efe£e ber einjehten ©taaten. 

G I a u f e l 3. 2)ie ©enatoren unb 2t6georbneten, foroie bie 2Jtit= 
glieber ber oerfd)iebenen ©taatglegigfaturen, ebenfo'raie aEe ©erid)tg= unb 
(Simlbcamten ber SBereinigten ©taaten unb ber ein^etnen ©taaten, foEen 
burd) ©ib gebunben fein, biefe Gonftitution aufredjt gu erfyalten ; aber ber 
religiofe ©laube foE nid)tg mit einer 23efat)igung $u einem 2lmte ober 
offentlidjen 33ertrauengpoften unter ben 23ereinigten©taaten ju tf)im fja&en. 

2(rltfel 7. Olatificaltmt ber Gonftitution. 

S)ie 23eftatigung ber „Gonoention" non neun ©taaten foE genugenb 
fein, um biefe SSerfaffung groifdjen ben guftimmenben ©taaten in 28irf* 
famfeit treten gu laffen. 

©o gefdjefyen in Gonoention laut einftimmigen 23efd)luffeg ber amoefenben 
©taaten, am 17. ©eptember 1787, unb im groolften gafyre ber 
Unabfyangigfeit ber 3Sereinigten ©taaten non 2fmerifa. 

3um 3eugnij* beffen fjaben roir unfere 2tamen untergeidjnet. 

George 2B a f Ij i n g t o n, 
f]Brdfibent unb 2l6georbneter non SSirginia. 
3ur 23eglaubigung: 2B 1 11ia m 3^dfon, ©efretdr. 


.gufaijc 3 «r 2>crfaffuug. 

21 r t i! e l I.—3)er (Songreji foE fein ©efe£ erlaffen, toeldjeg irgenb 
eine Religion anerfennt ober beren freie 2Ui3iibung betrifft; ober toeldjeg 
bie 9febefreiljeit unb bie ^Breffe einfd)ranft; ober toeldjeg bag 23erfammlunggs 
red)t fo toie freie 21uoubung beg 3ted)teg ber petition an bie 2tegierung §ur 
2lbljulfe oon s Hiif$ftanben oerfjinbert. 


272 


£)ic SBerfaffuttg ber S? r. ©taaten. 


2( r 1 i f e l II.—3}a cine gut biSciplinirte TOlig gur ©idjerf;eit eine§ 
freien ©taateS notljioenbig ift, fo fod ba3 9ted)t bc$ 23oIfe3, SSaffen gu 
tragen, nid^t beeintradjtigt toerben. 

2 ( r t i f e I III-—$ein ©olbat foil in griebenSgeiten in einem §aufe 
ot;ne bie Suftimroung be$ @igentl;umer3 einqaartirt toerben unb in 
$riegSgeiten nur in enter oom ©efet; oorgefdjriebenen 2Beife. 

21 r t i! c l IV.—©a§ 2ted;t ber 23iirger, in ifjrer s $erfon, iljrem 
§aufe, obcr fonfiigem ©igentfjum gegen ungered;tfertigte ©urd;fud;ungen 
unb 23efd;lagnafjmungen gefidjert gu fein, foil nidjt eeriest toerben unb ein 
33erI;aft§befef;I fann nur in golge guter (35runbe erlaffen toerben, toeldje 
butd; (Sib er£)drtet fein muffen unb toeldje ben Drt fotoie bie betreffenben 
$Perfonen ober ©ad)en genau fenngeidjnen. 

21 r t i f c I V.—9tiemanb foil toegen eineS (Capitals ober gemeinen 
2Serbred)en3 oerurtljeilt toerben, aitfeer burdj Urtljeil eine3 ©efd)toorenen= 
gerid)te§, auSgenommen in gaden, toe!d)e bie 2 anb= unb ©eemadjt ober bie 
fHcilig in $rieg§geiten betreffen; aud) fod 2 iiemanb toegen bcffelben 23ers 
gel;en3 groeimal gur SBerantroortung gegogen toerben fbnnen; aud) foil 
2 tiemanb in einem Griminalfade gegroungen toerben, gegen fid) felbft 
auSgufagen; aud) nidjt feineS £eben§, @igentl;um§ ober feiner greifyeit 
of;ne ben iiblidjen 9tedjt§gang beraubt toerben ; aud) foil fein ^prioateigen* 
tljum o^ne paffenbe @ntfd)abigung fur bffentlid)e 3 ^^de in 23eft£ genommen 
toerben. 

21 r t i f e I VI.—gn aden Ctriminalfaden foil ber 21ngeflagte gu 
einem fd;feunigen unb offentlidjen 23erfaf)ren oor einer unparieiifdjen $ 5 uri; 
in bem ©taate unb bet ^Prooing, in toeldjem ba3 2Serbred)en begangen 
toorben ift, beredjtigt fein ; biefer $)iftrift fod corner burd; ©efet} feftge* 
ftedt unb ber 2 Ingeflagte tiber ba£ SBefen unb bie Urfad;e ber 2 lnflage 
aufgeflart toerben; er fod mit ben 3 eu 9 eu 9 e 3 eu i|jn confrontirt toerben, 
e3 fod tl)m bie gtoang3toeife 23efd)affung oon .geugen gU feinen ©unften 
geroaljrt toerben unb er fod ben 25eiftanb eineS 2fboofaten gu feiner SSer= 
tfjeibigung Ijaben. % 

21 r t i f e I VII.—$$n gemeinen Sftedjtsfdden, in toeld;en ba§ ©treit= 
object ben SSertfj oon gtoan^ig SDodarS uberfteigt, fod ba3 2 ied)t be 3 
©d)tourgerid)t3 beibeljalten toerben; unb fein gad, ber burd; $51109 
entfd;ieben ift, fod oon irgenb einem ©eridjtgljofe ber 2 Sereinigten ©taaten 
in anberer 2 Beife oerfjanbelt toerben, al3 in Uebereinftimmung mit ben 
2 Sorfd)rtften be§ gemeinen 9ted)te3. 


©icSScrfaffunflbcrSJer. ©taaten. 273 

21 r t i! e I VIII. — Uebermdjjige 23urgfdf)aft fod nidjjt oerlangt 
roerben; aud; feme iibermdfngen ©trafen erfannt, forote feine graufamen 
unb ungeroof)nli<f)en 23eftrafungen oerljdngt roerben. 

21 r t i f e l IX.—$)ie ©rroafjnung geroiffer 9ted&te in btefer ©onftitution 
fod nid;t fo au3gelegt roerben fonnen, bafj anbere 9Ied)te, roeld^e bie burger 
betjalten fyaben, beeintrad)tigt ober oorentfjalten roerben. 

2f r t i f e f X.—3)ie ©taat§gcroalten, roeld^e burdlj bie ©onftitution 
ben 23ereinigten ©taaten nidjt ^uerfannt unb ben ein^elnen ©taaten nidjjt 
oerboten roerben, foden ben betreffenben ©taaten ober bem 2Solfe referoirt 
fein. 

2t r t i f e l XI.—2)ie ©eridfjt^barfeit ber SSereinigten ©taaten fed 
fid^ nid)t auf irgenb einen $proce{$ erftreden, roeldfjer gegen einen ber ©taaten 
non 23iirgern eine§ anberen ©taaten ober non 231irgern ober Untertfyanen 
eineS fremben ©taaten angeftrengt roovben ift. 

2f r t i f e l XII.—©ie^e 2lrtifel II., Glaufel 3. 

21 r t i f e I XIII. — © e f t i o n 1. SBeber ©claoerei nodfj unfrei= 
roidige SDienftbarfeit, auSgenommen al§ ©trafe fur ein 33erbrecf)en, beffen 
ber SBetreffenbe gefetjddf) iiberfli^rt roorben, fod innerfjalb ber 33ereinigten 
©taaten ober an irgenb roelc^em ifyrer ©erid)t§barfeit unterfteljenben Drte, 
5eftef)en. 

© e f t i o n 2.—SDer ©ongreft fod bie 23efugni(j §aben, biefen 2frtifel 
burefj paffenbe ©efe^gebung burd) 3 ufid)ren. 

21 r t i f e I XIV.—© e f t i o n 1. 2fde ^erfonen, roeld^e in ben 
23ereinigten ©taaten geboren ober bort naturalifirt finb, finb 25iirger ber 
23ereinigten ©taaten unb be§ ©taateS, in rocldjem fie roofmen. $ein ©taat 
fod©efe§e erlaffen unb ergroingen, roeld^e bie SSorred^te unb ^rioifegien non 
23urgern ber 23ereinigten ©taaten nerfiirgen; nodjj fod ein ©taat Semanben 
an Seben, greifjeit unb ©igentljum ofyne angemeffene3 ©eri<fjt3oerfaf)ren 
ftrafen; audj fftiemanben innerbalb feiner ©eriddsbarfeit ben ©dfju& ber 
©efctje oerroeigern. 

© e f t i o n 2. 3feprafentanten foden auf bie oerfdbiebenen ©taaten 
im 25erbaltniffc gu ber betreffenben ©inroobner^af)! oertbeift roerben, 
inbem bie ©efammt^abl ber ©inroobner, auSfcbliefdtcb ber nicf)t befteuerten 
^nbianer, gu ©runbe gclegt roirb. 2Ibcr roenn ba§ 9fedbt bei einer 2Baf;f 
§ur ©rnennung non ©tectoren fur ^rafibent unb 23io^rdfiibent ber 2Ser= 
einigten ©taaten, ©ongrefjmitglieber, bffentlicbe ober geridfjtlicbe 23eamtc 
eineg ©taat§, ober Mglieber ber gefe^gebenben 2Serfammlung, irgenb 


274 2D i e $8 e r f a f f u n g ber S3 e r. ©taaten. 

ineldfjen ber marmlic^en (Simooljner fol$e3 ©taatea, rnelcfjer einunbgtnangig 
$af)re alt unb 33iirger ber SSereinigten ©taaten ift, nerrneigert ober in irgenb 
einer 2Beife nerfiirgt rotrb, auggenomtnen tnegen ©Ijeilnaljme an 3lufmijr 
ober anberen 33erbredjen, [o foil bie 3lngaf)l ber 3lbgeorbneien in bemfelben 
SBerfjaltniffe, in tneldfjem bie 3al)t folder mdnnlidjen ©imnoljner gur gangen 
3al)l ber im Sllter non einunbgtnangig 2>aljren in bem betreffenben ©taate 
fief) befinbenben field, ncrringert tnerben. 

© e! t i o n 3. 9Ziemanb foil Senator ober Gongrefjmitglieb ober 
SSaljlmann fiir ^Srdfibent ober s 3tce=^j3rafibent tnerben fbnnen, ober ein 
Ginil* ober militdrifcfjea Stmt unter ben SBereinigten ©taaten ober einem 
eingelnen ©taate befleiben fonnen, tnelcljer, nac^bem er ben @ib ala 
Gongrefgmitgtieb, 33eamter ber Sereinigten ©taaten, ala 2Jlitglieb einer 
©taatalegialatur ober ala offentlidjer ober geric^tlic^er beamier einea 
©taatea, geleiftet t)at, bie SSerfaffung ber SSereinigten ©taaten aufrecfyt 
gu erljalten, fidj an 3lufruf)r unb Rebellion gegen biefelben bet^edigt ober 
ben geinben berfelben giilfe unb 33eiftanb leiftet. ^ebocf) famt ber 
(Songrefi burdfj baa 3$otum non gtnei ©ritteln jebea §aufea folcfje Unfaljigs 
!eit befeitigen. 

0 i’ 11 i o n 4. ©ie ^edfjtagiiltigfett ber offentlicfjen ©djutb ber 
SBereinigten ©taaten, tnelcfye burcfj ©efe£ feftgefteUt ift, einf$liefjlid(j ber 
33erpflic§tungen, tneldjc fiir gajlungert an ^enfionen unb bounties fiir 
©ienfte in Unterbriidung non 3tufruf)r unb Rebellion eingegangen firtb, foil 
nid)t in grage geftellt tnerben. Slber tneber bie 33ereinigten ©taaten nod) 
ein ringelner ©taat fallen ©cfjulben ober $:rpflid)tungen anerfennen ober 
bega^len, tnelc^e gur Unterftii^ung non Stufruljr unb Rebellion gegen bie 
SSereinigten ©taaten ober fiir irgenb einen Slnfprud) tnegen SSerluft ober 
SBefreiung einea ©ftanen eingegangen finb ; unb fotten able fotd&e ©cljulben, 
SSerpflid^tungen unb 2lnfpriidje fiir ungefe$maf$ig unb nid&tig erftart tnerben. 

S e! t i o n 5. ©er (Songrefe foil bie SJtadjt fjaben, burdlj angemeffene 
(SJefe^gebung bie 3l*afiil)rung biefea Slrtifela gu ergrningen. 

31 r t i! e l XV.—© e f t i o n 1. ©aa ©timmredfjt ber 33iirger ber 
33ereinigten ©taaten foil roeber burcfj bie Sftegierung ber SSercinigten 
©taaten nodjj burcfj bie einea eingelnen ©taatea tnegen 9taffe, garbe ober 
friifycrer ^nedjtfdjaft nerfiirgt ober erjcfjtnert tnerben. 

©eft i o n 2. ©er Gongrefj foil bie s JJlacf)t baben, bie ©urd;fiifjrung 
btefea Slrtifela burcfj angemeffene ©efe^gebung gu ergmingcn. 


PART II. 


















. 


























































































































































































ffirltn- 3U>rd)mtt. 


3>ie engtifdje 9tu§fpradje ift fetjr fdjtoierig unb faun nur burd) prnftifc^t? 
UeOitng evlerut toerben. £)ie bieten SRegeln, lueldje bie 2tu§fprad)e im 
Snigemeineit erftdren, finb ef;er gceignct, ben 5lnfdngcr 511 bermirreit, at§ 
ifjnt bicfelOe 5 U erleid)terit. £)at)er Xaffeit toir nur einige §anptregetn 
fotgen, mit eiuer Stnjat)! bon 3 S or tern mit gteidjcr $lit§fpradje, bie bon 
bent Scrncitben, tbotjtgeiiOt, anf anbere gteidjtautenbe angeioanbt tocrbeit 
fonuen. 3 U biefem 3*uec! ift e§ 5 U empfetjleu, fid) biefe ^Sorter, bon 
eincm ber engtifc^en ©pradje 9Jidd)tigen, erftdren nnb ofter§ au3fpred)eit 
ju Xaffen. 2lu§u>enbigterneu unb t)dufige£ SSiebertjoten biefer SSdrter 
merben bent Serueitben biefe Sdjurierigfeiten Oebentenb crleid)tern. 


2)a§ engtifdje $ltpf)nOet Oeftetjt au§ 26 33udjfta0en : 


A 

a 

(e’W 

31 

j 

j 

bfcW)) 

3 

S 

S 

(eft) 

© 

B 

l) 

(6 if)) 

33 

K 

k 

(feW 

St 

T 

t 

(til)) 

% 

C 

c 

(6 if)) 

6 

L 

1 

(eft) 

s 

U 

11 

(i«f) 

u 

D 

d 

(MW 

2> 

M 

m 

(em) 

m 

Y 

Y 

(BlUtf)) 

23 

E 

e 

(if)) 

e 

N 

n 

(en) 

31 

W 

W 

(boOOdjut)) SB 

F 

f 

(eft) 


0 

0 

(of)) 

0 

X 

X 

(ecfe) 

1 

6 

g 

(bf<W) 

© 

P 

P 

(Pit)) 

$ 

Y 

y 

(tjuai) 

D 

H 

h 

(e^tfct,) 

$ 

a 

a 

ffluW 

£ 

Z 

z 

(ftif) obct fcb) 3 

1 

i 

(ei) 

3 

E 

r 

(n()t) 

St 






Sic 9lu$fpnnf)c bcr SSofntc. 

gotgenbe 3 eid)en mogcn 5ur @rteid)terung ber StuSfpradje bienen : 

— tang ; u fur§ * •* iiOer a bn§ OTttetbing stbifdjen a unb 0 ; • iiOer 
it teidjt bem 0 juueigenb ; a iiOer a fnft luie ear ; .. untcr a faffe ibie oa, 
nur bag ba§ 0 faft nidjt get)ort toirb ; * iiOer a ein TOttetbing gtuifd)en 
11 unb o, metjr beni a 5itneigenb. 9 Q?nit forntire ben Sftuitb anftatt tang, 
toie Oei a, runb. * iiOer 6 mef)r bent 0 al$ bem a juneigenb. iiOer 1 





2 


£)ie 2lu3fprad)C b c r SB o f a t e. 


fa ft rote a; •• iiber i' luie i; . unter o luie u; a iiber 6 luie a, atfo mefjv 
bent o 5 uneigeub: oa; «» iiber 5 faft iuie oo ; — liber 66 luie ufj ; iiber 
oo iuie u tur§. 

1. a, long, in hate, f)et)t. 

2. a, fui' 5 , itt hat, Ijdtt. 

3. a, long, in far, fafyr. 

4. a, breit, in all, of)!, oaf)l. 

5. a, nicl)t a nnb nicf)t o, in ask, aff. 

6. a, long t>or r, in care, faft iuie featjr. 

1. e, fang, in me, mil). 

2. e, fur§, in m6t, rnett. 

1. i, laitg, in pine, pein. 

2. l, furj, in pin, pin. 

1. 6, tang, in note, it off). 

2. 6, fitrj in not, noatt, citt Sant jltnfdjeu a uitb a. 

3. o, (tuie oo) in do, bn. 

1. u, fang, in tube, tuf)b. 

2. u, fnrj, in tub, faft iuie o, tob. 

3. u, (iuie 66) in pull, puff. 

4. u, bor r, in fur, faft trie ii, fur. 

oi nub oy, in oil, toy, enf, ten. 
ou uub ow, in out, now, aut, nan. 


a = 6, iuie in wliat, Ipuat. 
e = a, iuie in where, f)ludr. 
e = a, iuie in eight, ef)t. 
e = u, iuie in her, f)i3r. 
1 = 6 , iuie in police, polity, 
l = u, iuie ut sir, fur. 

6 = u, iuie in done, bamt. 
o = u, iuie wolf, luutf. 


6 = a, iuie in form, farm. 

6 = u, iuie itt worm, luurnt. 

66 =p, iuie in moon, mnfpt. 

66 = ii, iuie in wool, lunfl. 
u = o, iuie in rude, ritljb. 
y = i, iuie in fly, ftei. 
y = l, iuie in mystery, mifteri. 


21 u $ |p r a d) e b e r (£ o u } o it a n t c n. 


3 


3lu£fprnrf)c bcr Gonfonanteit. 

b tbirb u?ie bag beutfdje ft auggefprodjen, tft jebod) ftumm nadj m unb 
Dov t: comb, com ; debt, bet. 
e tbeid) (tbie f), in gent, fent; bor ac, c, i, t). 

c bait (tbie f), in call, fall; cold, folb ; corn, fofjrn. 

cli lantet tbie tfd): child, tfcfjeilb. 
eh toe id), loie fd) : ghaise, fc§(Ujg. 

cli f)iut (tbie f), in chorus, forug. ch ift ftumm in yacht, fat; drachm, 
brfiljm. arch bor eiueni 33ofal tbirb tbie artfd) auggefprodjeu; 
bingegen bar einent (Soufonantcn tbie arf. 

(1 lantet tbie bag beutfdje b. 
f lantet tbie bag beutfdje f. 

g tbie g in gefjeit, obev tbie bfd) : age, efjtfdj; gill, bfd)i(l. g ift ftumm 
bur n : design, bcfeilpi; gnat, licit. 2lu3mil)nteu : signal, fignal: 
signature, fignetfd)cir. 

gh tbie g in ghastly, gabftlt); gherkin, gerfin. gh ift t()eilg am (£nbe, 
5 . 33. in weigh, tbei; plough, plan ; ttjeilS lautct eg tbie f, \it 
enough, enoff. 

gg tbie f, 5 . 33.: stagger, ftiibfer, 

k tbie f). (Stumtn ift eg in hour, aur ; honest, oueft; aber in hospital, 
herb unb humble mag eg audj auggefprod)cu tberben. 
j tbivb tbie tfd} augge}prod)eu : jail, tfdjeljl. 
k tbie f ; ftumm ift eg bor n : knee, nie. 

1 tbie l; ftumm ift eg in bielen SSbrtent, 5 . 33. in half, §af,; talk, 

taf)f. 

n tbie it; aber eg ift ftumm am (£itbe : condemn, fonbem ; autumn, 
af)tem. 

p tbie ; ift jebodj ftumm bor it, f, t im 2lnfangc cinigcr SBbrter, 5 . 33. 

pneumonia, numoitia; ebettfo itt corps, fofjr, u. f. tb. 
pli tbie f; jebocb in shepherd tbirb bag p bom l) getrenut: fdjep-f)erb; 

ftumm ift eg in phthisis, tiffin, 
q tbie q. 

r faft tbie r im $>eutfdjen, nur tbeidjer unb’nid)t fo rollcnb. 

s tbie f; fcfjarf im 2 lnlaut unb tbeief) im 2 luglaut. 3lud) tbirb eg tbie 

frf) in folgenbett SSortern auggefprod)ett: sugar, fdjugger; sure, 
fc^ur; insure, iitfdptr, unb beffen 3lbleitungen. 
sh tbie fd). 

sch tbie ff. 

si tbie fdjt in ben < 3 ilbcn sion; 5 . 33. mission, mifdjett. 


4 


IT e b it n g e u. 


SC loie $ in scientific, nub lute ff iit scar, it. f. in.; fiumnt i 3 S in 
island, ei(anb ; corps, fo()i\ 

t luie t; iebodj luivb ti loie ffj, fdj auSgefprodien, 'menu c§ Dor ben 
SSofalen a, e, o fteljt; 5 . S3. nation, neljfdjen. Wad) s ober x 
bleibt e§ t, and) in cities, ©tumnt iff t in often, opt; listen, 
lift!, n. f. in. 

til SUtan ftojje bie 3 unge gegeit bie OOevjfiljne mtb laffe f gnnj loeidj bor 
t fibrett. 

y SKaii nefjme bie Unterlippe gioifcfyett bie mtb ftojse battn ein 

It an§. 

w loie to, ttnr loeitfjer. 

wh mic f)lo ; matt Ioffe ba§ it beutlid) I)oren. 

x loie £, nttr toeidjer. 

xi nub xu nne ifrfji, ffdju. 

y lute j. 

z luie f, ttur ettoa§ toeidjer; in eiitigeit SB orient iebocf) lpie frfj, 5 . S3.: 
azure, e()fd)er. 

Uelmngen. 


a, lang, 

in hate, 'f)e()t, e ift ftnmnt 

ant (£nbc. 

trace 

ai 

ay 

cliase 

aid 

lay 

case 

aim 

gray 

grace 

jail 

spray 

skate 

claim 

stray 


a, fur§, in hat, §cit. 


badge 

scamp 

track 

crash 

scratch 

lack 

add 

snatch 

catch 


ii in far, faljr. 


calf 

jar 

au 

half 

scar 

jaunt 

calm 

farce 

laugh 


a, breil, in all, af)t. 


talk 

false au 

aw 

walk 

dwarf sauce 

dawn 

balk 

squall caught 

crawl 

chalk 

waltz faults 

,fawn 


U e b u n g e it. 


5 


ii in ask, aff. ft in care, fecifjr. 


last 

dance 


a, ai, ea 

class 

chance 

scare 

grass 

branch 

chair 

glass 

lance 


wear 


e. Icing, in ] 

me, mid). 


eve 

ea 


ee 

mere 

preach 

kneel 

scene 

least 

. 

cheer 

sphere 

leave 


queer 


e, furs, in m6t, met. 


debt 

ea 


health 

dense 

breadth 

sweat 

edge 

death 


threat’ 

fence 

dread 


wealth 

i, Icing, 

in prime, preim. 

l, furs, in pin, pin. 

knife 

h y> 

I 

rinse 

quite 

twice 

bridge 

shrink 

high 

type 

prism 

zinc 

prize 

l^y 

quit 

stitch 

6, Icing, 

in note, noljt. 

o, furj, in 

n6t, not. 

0 

oa 

ou, ow 

6 

folks 

loan 

mourn 

knob 

comb 

hoax 

source 

lodge 

ghost 

roam 

known 

knock 

u, laitg, 

in tube, tufjb. 

u, furj, w 

tub, tof). 

u, 

in pull, pull. 

u, in fur, 

for. 

u 

ii 

u = 66 

u 

fuse 

crumb 

‘full 

purr 

cube 

much 

push 

word 

use 

shrub 

bush 

worst 


o, in do, like oo. 


0 

Ci 

Cl 

II 

:© 

u = o 

ou, ew = 

lose 

loose 

sure 

group 

tomb 

noose 

brute 

strew 

whom 

smooth 

spruce 

shrewd 


U e ft u n g e n. 


</> 

e = 

= u, in her, 

fjorr. i = u, in sir, jjorr. 

e 

T 

oi, oy 

ou, OW 

err 

thirst 

voice 

cloud 

fern 

squirm cloy 

hound 

herb 

whirl 


crowd 


a = ai. 

ay, ei, ey, ea, 

fill. 

brace 

frail 

dray 

they 

glaze 

strain 

ray 

break 

plague 

train 

freight 

great 

an, ea, ua. 

a = aw, 

au, on, 6, eo, oa. 

a —; ai, ea, ei? 

flaunt 

lawn 

George 

heir 

launch 

squaw 

broad 

where 

heart 

thought flare 

ere 

guard 

thorn 

lair 


e 

= ea, ee, 

ie, ei, l. ey, nay, eo. 

e 

= ea, ai, 

eo, a, ei, ue, ie. 

ay, u. 

leaf 

seize 

quay 

said 

steer 

valise 

people 

leopard 

fierce 

key 

death 

any 

h6ifer 

guess 

friend 

says, bury 

i 

= y, ie, 

ui, ei, ye, uy, ai 

, eye. 


i = y» 

ui, ee, e, u, ie. 

0. 

flight 

height 

prince 

been 

lyre 

rye 

eye 

pretty 

tie 

buy 

lynx 

sieve 

guide 

aisle 

build 

women 


6 = 6a, 6w, ou, oe, 6o, ew, 

eau 



6 = a, ow. 



o = 66, i 

i, ou, ew, ui, ue 

, oe. 

0 

0 

d 

o 

sword 

foe 

prompt 

scoop 

shoal 

floor 

chops 

prune 

sown 

sew 

swamp 

tour 

court 

beau 

knowledge 

bruise 




true, shoe 



u = ju^. 


unit, 

cube, pony, purse, mule, mute, 


uniform, United States. 


7 


Accent. @ i l b e n. 3 n t e u p n n f 1 1 o n. 

* Accent. 

1 ) Hitter Accent Perftefjt titan bie fjbfjerc 33etomuig einer ober mefyrerer 
€>ilben in eittent SBorte. 

2) gtpeifilbige SSorter accentuireit eiite bcr beiben ©tlbett: Bak'-er, 

a muse', Au-gust', Au'-gust. 

3) &reU unb mefyrfilbige SBortcr fyabeit geipobitlid) einctt ,’pauptacccut 
mtb cincit ober nteljrere 9iebenacceitte : An'-te-ce'-dent, in-com'-pre- 
hen'-si-bil'-i-ty. 

4) SDfandje SSortcr (jabett poet ^(ccente Pott gleidjer ©tcirte : A'-men', 
fare'-well'. 

5) 2>ic meiften SSortcr tjnbeit ben Jpauptaccent anf bcr jmeiten ©ilbe 
ober anf bcr britten (Silbe Pont (£nbe be§ SSorteS : Con'-quest, 
at-tor'-ney, dis-a-gree'-ment, tem'-per ate, Je-ru'-salem, con- 
tin'-u-al. 

SUb ctt.—Syllables. 

1) 3>ebe ©tlbe beftetjt au§ eittent ober ntefjreren SSofateu, ober eittent 
ober mefjrerett SSofalen ntit (Soitfonaten Perbtntbcn, $)a§ ftumnte e bilbet 
it i e cine ©ilbe : 0, i-dle, au-tumn, bro-ker, an, ants, dot, breast. 

2) Shorter luerben in (Silbett eiitgeffjeitt, um beren 2(u§fpr«d)e unb 
UCbleitung ju bcjeidjtten. 

3 ) 23ei ber Silbentremtuitg fet^e man genan biejenigett S3ud)ftabcit 511 
jeber (Sitbc, toeldje beren rid)tige Stu§)prad)e bebingeit: Ma-ter-nal, 
Rob-ert, pre-face. 

4) 9Jtau treiine bie 23or^ unb 9?ad)jhben Pott ben <3tamnteit: Re-turn, 
re store. 

5 ) Qn juiatumengefe^teit SBortcrn tfjeite ntatt bie eiitjehteit SSorter : 
Boat-swain, peach-tree. 

6) 2 )ie 2 lu$fprad)e beftiinmt bie £rennuug, ipo eitt 3 tveifcl entftetjt : 
Pred-i-cate, prop-o-si-tion. 

7 ) 3toei- ober ntebrfitbige SSbrter ntogett ant (Sttbe enter 3eilc, aber 
burfeit ttur am (Snbe einer Silbe getreunt tocrbeit. 

Jittery uttf Hon. —Punctuation. 

2 )ie 3 eid)ett (punctuation marks) (tub folgenbe : 

£)er ^uitft (period) . 

2 )a§ ftomuta (comma) , 

$)a§ Semicolon (semicolon) ; 

2 )a§ C£ofon (colon) : 

2 )a§ gragejeidjeu (interrogation point) ? 


8 


3n ter pun f'ti on. 


£)a§ SluSrufungSgeidjeu (exclamation point) ! 

2)a§ Slnfiiljrungggeidjeu (quotation marks) u ” 

2>er Slpoftropt) (apostrophe) ’ 

SDer 5Berbtnbung§|trid) (hyphen) - 
2)er ©ebaufenfirid) (dash) — 

S)ie Klammer (parenthesis) ( ) 

(brackets) [ ] 

2)o£ (Sinfd)altuug§geid)en (caret) a 

2) e r $ it it! t .—The Period. 

1) SDZart fefte ben fpunft am (Snbe eiiteg jeben bollftanbigen Sa| 3 e§ cr* 
5 cif)lenber gornt. 

2) 9^ad) Ueberfdjriftcn, llntcrfdjriften, Slbfurgungeu unb rbmifdjen 
galjleu fetje man einen f$uu!t. 

2) a §> $ o m nt a .—The Comma. 

1) Senn gmet Sorter in ciner anf cinaubcrfolgenben 9?cif)e bonding* 
mortem, (Sigenfd)aft§mbrtern, gcitmortern ober UrnftanbSmbrtern nidjt 
ntit eincnt 23inbemort berlutnbcn finb, fejje man ein ^omma. 

2) 3 lll dd)en furgcn ^anptfa^en fcjge man ein IJomma. 

3) SMugmorter nnb 91cben3artcn, unabfjfingig nub unbefdjrcinft gc= 
braudjt, merbcn buvd) 53ciftrid)e gefdjieben : This book, Mary, is yours. 
Shame being lost, all virtue is lost. 

4) 99c ait trenue Siijje, meldje ntdjt nciljcr berlutnben finb, buret) SJ3ei= 
ftridje : There mountains rise, and circling oceans flow. 

5) (Sin Slomnta toirb geiobfpilid) gtoifcljen ein Sort unb beffen Sicber= 
jolting gefetgt: “ Sweet, sweet home ! ” 

$D a §> (Semicolon. —The Semicolon. 

1) 2)a§ Semicolon toirb gebraudjt, unt Satjtljeile gu treitncu, tueldjc 
ba§ ®ontma Ijaben ober foldje, tocldje einen groftereit 9hd)epuuft a1§ ba§ 
^omma bebiirfen nnb einen geriitgerett al§ ba§ (Solon: Though deep, yet 
clear ; though gentle, yet not dull. 

2) Oft toirb ba§ Semicolon bor but, and, though, for, yet, nor, nay, 
hence nnb therefore gefeljt. 

3) 9)?an fc£e ba§ Semicolon gtbifdjeu §auptfdt)c, bie oTjne 83inbeioort 
fceigeorbnet finb : Everything has its time to flourish; everything 
grows old ; everything passes away. 

2) a §> (S o 1 o n .—The Colon. 

1) 9ftan fetje bag (Solon, menu loortlidje Stellen eitteg fftebenbett an* 
gefitljrt toerben : Mr. Brown rose and said : “ There is no truth in it.” 


3 n t e r p it n f t i o tt. 


9 


2 ) SBemt man ctma» anfitubigt obcr 53eifpiele aitfi'djrt; 5 . 55 .: The 
powers of the soul are : first, understanding, etc. 

2) a § gragcjeidje it .—The Interrogation point. 

3>a§ grageseidjen mirb itad) jeber birectcn grage gefejjt, fei e§ unit ein 
Pofiftiinbiger obev nur ein 3t)cit eiite£ fotdjeit: Shall we never have 
any rest ? “Will you go ?” said he, “or will you stay ?” 

2) a § 51 u § r u f n it g § 5 e i cl) e it .—The Exclamation point. 

9Jiait fcjje ba3 SluSrufunggjetdjen itad) SBortern intb ©fifceit, incite 
elite Ijeftige ®emutt)§bemeguiig be§ ©djnterjeS, ber greube, ber $3cmun* 
bernng, ber 53ctf)cucruitg auSbritcfen : Fie ! such a man ! 0 Absa¬ 
lom, Absalom ! my son, my son ! Alas ! What a loss ! Oh ! Ah ! 

3) i e 51 n f ii () r n it g § 5 e i dj e it .—The Quotation marks. 

5 (nfu(jrung§ 5 etdjen merbeit gebrandjt, nm bie eigenen SSorte eincS Dies 
beitben ai^ngcbeit : “ Civility,^ said Lady Montague, “costs nothing 
and buys everything.” 

3) e r 5( p 0 ft r 0 p I ).—The Apostrophe. 

3) cr 5fpoftvopf) 5 cigt bie 5lu§taffung eine§ ober nteljrerer 53ud)ftaben 
obcr amt) ben ©enitto (possessive case) ait: Fll go. The boy’s hat. 

3) e r 53 e r & t n b it n g % ft r i dj .—The Hyphen. 

Sftatt fcjjt ben 5 $erbinbuug§ftrid), nm SBbrter am (£itbe einer 3 e ^ e ober 
5 ufantmengefefcte SBbrter 3 U treniteit: Ho-ly. Dining-table. 

3) e r ©eba it fen ft ri d ).—The Dash. 

3)cr ©ebaitfenftridj 5 eigt eiite Uitterbredpmg ait: Here lies the 
Great — False marble ! Where ? 

3) i e $ t a lit lit e r .—The Parenthesis. 

3)te stammer mirb gebrandjt, nm SSortcr ober ©at^e einjufdjttefsen, 
bie nic^t gerabc nottjig fiub, aber 5 itr ©rftarnng bienen: I gave (and 
who would not have given ?) my last dollar. 

3)ie ccfigeSMamtne r .—The Bracket. 

3 )ie eefige stammer mirb meiftenS gebraudjt, nnt ba§ einjitfc^alteit, ma3 
ein ©djreiber in ba§ ®efd)riebene eiiteS 5(itbereit Ijinsufiigt. 

3) a § (£ i it f d) a 1 1 u n g § 5 e i d) cit .—The Caret. 

58enn ein 53 udjftabe, SSort ober <Saj 3 auSgelaffett ifi, fetje man bie§ 
3 eid)en f mo biefe fetjleit, unb fdjreibe ba§ 5 lu£getaffcite bariiber: 

were with 

The old walls A hung A scarlet. 


10 


2)er ©ebraud) bcr grofjen $ud)ftaben. 

$cr ©cfiraud) bcr gvofictt SButfjftakn (Capitals). 

Sorter toerben mit grofcen SlnfangSbucfyftabeu gcfd)rieben : 

1) erfte Sort eiitc§ jebcu <Sa£e3. 

2) 2)a§ erfte Sort eiiter jebcn SBer^^eile. 

3) 2)a§ erfte Sort nacf) einent ©djtugpmift, grages unb 2(it3* 

ritfungSjeicljen, menu bicfc ben <Sntj fdjliej3en. 

4) 2)a§ erfte Sort eiiter bireften fttnrebe. 

5) OTe S^ctmen Don Bingen perfonifijirt. 

6) 5tlle (Sngennamcu unb Shorter Don biefeu abgeteitet. 

1) OTe (£f)rentitcl, offtjiefle &itet, 5. ^3.: The Duke of Edin¬ 
burg; President Harrison; Uncle Charles; Mayor 
Grant. 

8) 2(lle SBegeidptungen fiir bie ®ottf)cit. 

9) Me '93itdjer bcr 23ibel. 

10) $)te Barnett bon ©trajsen, SRonateit, £ctgen ber Soclje. 

11) 3)ie SRanten religtbfer ©ecteu ober potitifdjer gaftioneu. 

12) £)ie Sorter 91orb, ©i'tb, Oft unb Seft, toenn fie attf Xfjetfe 

etnc§ £anbe3 angetoanbt tnerbett. 


3 metier Alifriinitt 


tur^gefapte Spradjleljre. 

gibt neuit fttaffen Doit 28brtern in ber englifdjeu Spradjc, ncimtidj: 

1. 3>a§ ©efdjtedjtslDort, article. 

2. 2)ct§ $)ingioort, noun. 

3. 2)a§ CrigcnfdjajtSiuort, adjective. 

4. 2>a£ gi’moort, pronoun. 

5. 2)a§ 3eitu>ort, verb. 

6. 3)a§ Umftaub»n>ort, adverb. 

7. 2)a3 SBerfjdUuifpDort, preposition. 

8. 3)a§ SBinbioort, conjunction. 

9. £>a3 CnitpftnbungSroort, interjection. 

I. £ne ©cfrfjtcrfjhhnort.—The Article. 

$er beftimmte 3Irti!eI, the, ftcf)t fur afte bvei ©efdjlcdjter: ber. bie r ba§. 

£)er unbeftintuite 2(rtife(, a ober an, ein, eiite, ein. 

93cibe bteiben imnter uuDercinbert. 

A, cin, eine, ein, loirb Dor SSbrtern gefeijt, bte mit einent (£onfonattten 
nnfangen: A brother, ein SBruber. 

A luirb and) Dor S&ortcrit gefe^t, bie mit bcin lattgeit u, eu, w, o, in 
one, nnb Y mit einent folgeitbeu SSofat anfangeit, toeitu fie mie mit einent 
bortjergeljenben ©onfonanten au§gefprod)en loerben: A union, eiite 
Union, SBereiitigung; a unicorn, eiit ©iidjorn; a eulogy, eiite Sobrebe; 
such a one, fold)* eiitcr. 

An, ein, eine, ein, ioirb gebraudjt, menu ba§ ncicf)fte SBovt mit einent 
$8ofal anfiingt. 5Ufo Dor a, e, i, o, u, bent ftnmmen h unb bent h (nnr 
teife betont) loenn bie nddjfte Silbe ben §anptaccent Ijat: An arm, ein 
$lrnt; an ear, ein Ofjr; an hour, eine Stunbe; a historian, ein ®e= 
fdjidjtSfdjreibcr. 

2)er 2trtifel loirb nicl)t gebraudjt Dor ben (Sigennameit ber $erfonen, 
Sciitber, Oerter, donate, £age, £()iere nub 23erge, §. 23.: Brown, Europe, 
(Suropa, Spain, Spanieit, Washington, August, 2luguft, Sunday, 
Sonntag, Diana, Vianet, Vesuvius, SBefttD. VCuc^ Dor hell, bie §ol(e, 
heaven, ber §immel, paradise, ba§ $nrabie§, satan, ber Satan, 
providence, bie 23orfefjuug, toirb ber 3(rtifct nidjt gefejjt. 

li 


12 


3) a 3 2)ingmort. 


Stud) Dor (Sammetnamen, toclcfje nic^t bttrd) anbere Sorter linger 
beftimmt finb, 5 . $3.: Gold is heavier than silver; bag Qkdb ift fdpoerer 
alg bag ©ilber. 

©bcnfo in : Virtue and vice are opposites; bie Sdtgeitb unb bag 
Rafter finb ®egenfa|;e. Working is better than starving; Slrbeiten ip 
bcffer alg §uitgern. Man is endowed with reason; ber 2Renfdj ift mil 
23eriumjt begabt. 

II. 2)ag Singtoort.—The Noun. 

a. (£g gibt fitrtf 2lrteit Doit SDiitgmbrtcrn: ©igeunamen (proper nouns); 
©enteiititamen (common nouns); (Sammelnameit (collective nouns); 
$erbaU 2 )ingmbrter, SDZittetmbrter (verbal nouns). 

b. SDingmorter fbimen eittmeber mdmdid)en (masculine), meiblidjeit 
(feminine), fdd)lid)en (neuter), obcr genteiiten (common) ©ejdjledjtg 
(gender) fein. The boy, ber $itabe, the girl, bag 90Zdbcf)eit f the book, 
bag 33 uc(), the child, bag $iitb. 

c. 2 >iitgmbrtcr fiitb eittmeber in ber Crittjaljt (singular) ober in ber 
^djr^aljl (plural number). 

d. ^Declination beg ©ingroorteg (declension). (£§ gibt brei fyalle 
(cases): 1. 9tominatio, nominative; 2. ©emtio, possessive; 3. Siccus 
fatio, objective case. SDer beutfcfye 2 )atio fefjlt, entfpridjt aber bem 
englifdjen Objection (Safug. S)er iftominatio unb 2-lccufatio finb gleid). 
SDen ©enitio bilbe man nut ber ^rapofition of (non), unb ben beutfdjen 
SDatio mit to (§u): of a, of the; to a, to the. 2lud) rairb ber ©enitio 
gebdbet, inbem man Winter bag iDingmort einen 2 lpoftropl)en (’) unb 
Ijinter biefen ein s fe£t: Ida’s hat, gba’g §ut. 

(Sirtga^f (Singular). 

Nominative , The man, ber 9)tann, 

Possessive , The man’s, of the man, beg 9Jtanneg, 

( Dative , To the man, bem s JSJ?anne,) 

Objective , The man, ben Stftann. 

gjlebrgabl (Plural). 

Nominative , The men, bie banner. 

Possessive The men’s, of the men, ber banner, 

{Dative, To the men, ben Mnnern,) 

Objective , The men, bie banner. 

e. 9?adj SDingmortern, meldje mit einem s enbigen, mirb nur ber 
Slpoftropf) gefeijt: The boys’ game, ba<g 0piel ber Stnaben. 

f. Dft mirb bag s bei ©ingrobrtern in ber @in§al)l meggelaffen, menu 
biefe auf s enbigen : Ulysses’ adventures, bie 2lbenteuer beg lllpffeg. 


2)a§ 2)ingh)ort. 


13 


g. 3)ingtoorter int Singular auf s eitbtgeub, foUteu ben Stpoftropf) unb 
ba§ s l)ciOeu : Louis's reign, bie fftegtermtg bc§ 2oui3 ; Charles's affairs, 
lie fKugelegeutjeiteu ®arl ? 3. 

h. 5) i c c f) r 5 a f) I betting in orte r. 3)ie nteiften 2 )ingtt)orter 
bilben iljreit plural, iubern fie eiit s anijfingeit: Book, books, 23udj, 
53iidjer; chimney, chimneys, $amin, famine. 

i. 2)ingtt>i3rter auf s, x, z, sh, ober bay tucidjc ch ettbenb unb fotdje, 
bie auf i, o, u ober y, mit eiitcru Porljergetjenben SSotal, enbett, Ijaugen 
es au : Glass, glasses, ®ta§, ©liifcr; fox, foxes, gud) 3 , giidjfe; topaz, 
topazes, ber £opa§, bie £opafc ; bush, bushes, £htfdj, Q 3 iifd)e; church, 
churches, ®irdje, Stirdjeit; alkali, alkalies, Saugcnfalj, Saugenfaljc; 
gnu, gnues, ba§ ©ltu, bie ®nue ; story, stories, ©efd)id)te, ©efd)idjteu. 

j. SSenn cin 58olal Par bent o ober y ftef)t, toirb nur s attgeljangt: 
monkey, monkeys, 3tffe, 9lffett; folio, folios, goliant, golianten. 

k. gotgenbe $iugtt>orter Perdnbern if)re (Shtbuitg in yes : 


beef, beeves, 9tiitb 
calf, calves, $alb 
elf, elves, $obotb 
half,‘halves, fjalb 
knife, knives, SQteffer 
leaf, leaves, 931att 
life, lives, 2ebeit 
loaf, loaves, 2a ib 
self, selves, felbft 
sheaf, sheaves, ®arbc 


shelf, shelves, 9tegat 

thief, thieves, 2)ieb 

wife, wives, grau 

wolf, wolves, SBotf 

. , warfs, 
warf 


* 


ba§ SSerft 
warves, 1 

) staves, 3)auben 

staff > staffs, Offt^icre 

) ber Stab 

flagstaff, flagstaffs, gafmeuftocf 


1. Unr e g cl m cif] tg c $1ur 
man, men, SOfanm 
woman, women, gratt 
child, children, £?tnb 
ox, oxen, 0d)3 
foot, feet, gitjs 
goose, geese, ®an§ 
tooth, teeth, 3 a b n 
mouse, mice, 9ftau§ 


louse, lice, 2au§ 

cow, cows, kine, $ulj 

I, we, idj, loir 

thou, ye, bit, iljr 

he, she, it—they, er, fie, eS—fie 

this, these, biefer, biefe 

that, those, fetter, jene 


m. 9Jtand)c $ingmorter Ijabcit eittett regelmafjtgen unb eitten unreget* 
mafjigeit plural: 

brother, brothers, 23rttber (bait bcrfelbeu garnihe) 

brethren (poit berfelbett ©efellfdjaft) 


14 


2) a 8 (§ i g e n f d) a f t 8 U) o r t. 


die, dies, ©tentpel jum 9ftiin§eu 
dice, SSiirfel 
fish, fishes, gifdje 

fish, bie Cuautitat ober 9lrt gifdje 
genius, geniuses, (5)enie 
genii, ®eiftcr 

index, indexes, $5 n a 11 § t> c r 5 e i rf) n i f3 
indices, 3 dd)evt tit 5Hge0ra 
penny, pennies, (Stelbmiuijen 

pence, ber englifdje pfennig 

n. 3 u f ammen fl e f e fci e SSottcr bilbcit ifjrcn plural, ittbent fie s an ba§= 
jeitige SSort Ipingen, todd)e§ turn bent anbercit befdjrieOen ift: 
mouse-trap, mouse-traps, SJlattfe* sister-in-law, sisters-in-law, 


©djtocigerin 

billet-doux, billets-doux, 53 idete 
court-martial, courts-martial, 
$l\'ieg§gerid)t 

aid-de-camp, aids-de-camp, 51b* 
jutant 


fade 

cupful, cupfuls, &nffeboll 
spoonful, spoonfuls, Sbffdbod 
wagon-load, wagon-loads, guljre 
oxcart, oxcarts, Odjfeitfarren 
brother-in-law, brothers-in-law, 

©d) tuager 

o. SSeiut Mr., £>err, Miss, grcitdeiit, ober Dr., doctor, iut plural ge* 
braudjt toerben, ber Site! adeiit fcpt frcibe itt belt plural: Mr. Cleveland, 
Messrs. Cleveland, §crr (Hebdaub, bie §erren CXIet>cIanb ; Miss Diver, 
the Misses Diver, grciideiit fitter, bie graulein 2)iber ; Dr. Horn, Drs. 
Horn, doctor §ont, bie SDodoreit §orn. 

p. 53ud)ftabcn, 3 a tylen unb fonftige 3cidjeit bilbeit ben plural, itibcm 
fie*s anfjdngen : The as and 11 ’s, bie 51 unb 9?; by 5’s and 7’s, ntit 
fiinfen unb fiebeit. 

q. Shorter, toddje bon anbercit ©pradjeit angenomntcit fiitb, beljalten 
getobfpdidj ben plural ber ©pradje, bon ber fie entnommen, 5 . 53 .: 
alumnus, alumni; aquarium, aquaria; erratum, errata, u. f. to. 


III. (Stgenfdjaftsunnd.— Adjective. 

a. 2 )a§ (SigcnfdjaftSlbort f;at bret ©tcigcrungSgrabe (degrees of com¬ 
parison): 

1 ) ber ^ofitib, the positive; 

2 ) ber (Eomparatib, the comparative ; 

3) ber ©upcrlatib, the superlative. 

b. (Siufilbige ©igenfdjaftStoorter lulbeit ben ©omparatib, ittbent pe er, 


2) a § g ii v tt) o r t. 


15 


unb bon Superlatib, iitbent fie est aidjcingeit: large, larger, largest, 
graft, grower, am grijftten. 

SweiftlOige (&dgenfd)aft§tbi3rter, mclcp in le ober y enbeit, ober ben 
Accent auj ber jmeiten Silbc fatten, pngcit and) er unb st an: able, 
abler, ablest, feitjig, fciljiger, am fdpgfteit ; polite, politer, politest 
Pflicl), pflupr, am pflidjften. 

c. VItie iibrigeit 510 c i= unb mcpfi( 6 igen (SigenfdjaftSlobrter tocrbeit ge* 
fteigert, inborn man more unb most baborfejjt: beautiful, more, most 
beautiful, fdjoit. 

d. lint ©rabe nntev bem ^ofitiu au§ 5 ubritcfen, Umb less unb least ge* 
braudjt : good, less good, least good, gut, loeniger gut, ant loenigfteit gut. 

e. 2 )er s ,pofitib tbirb bjtcr§ bcrntiitbert, iitbent man ish antjaugt, ober 
inborn man rather, befoitberS, somewhat, etioa§, slightly, itubcbcutcnb, 
baborfejjt: black, blackish, fdpoarj, fdpoiirjlid); young, rather young, 
Jung, etioa§ jiiug. 

f. Shorter luie equal, gleid), square, bieredig, naked, naeft, round, 
ruiib, right, rect)t, u. f. tu. fotuten iticp gefteigort loerben. 


IT. griirniort.—Pronoun. 

(£§ gicOt fie be it Vlrteit bon Suvlx>ortern : 1 ) ^erfonlidje (personal); 
2) befipnjeigeitbe (possessive); 3) pitiocifenbe (demonstrative); 4) be* 
jitglidje (relative); 5 ) ftufamntengcfcpe bejiiglup (compound relative); 
6 ) fragenbe (interrogative); 7) unbeftimntte (indefinite). 

a. *J$ e r f b n t i d) e % it r U) b r t e v .—Personal pronouns. 


Singular. 

(5 r ft e ty' e r j o it. 

plural. 

Nom. I, id) 

Now. 

we, loir 

poss. l mciu 

mine ) ber nteiitige 

Poss. 

our | ltnfer 
ours ) ber unfrige 

Obj. me, ntir, mid) 

Obj. 

us, un3 

Singular. 

3 tt? e i t e e r f o n. plural. 

Nom . thou, bit 

Nom. 

you, ip 

Poss. th 7 > bdu 

thine ) ber beinige 

Poss. 

your ) euer 
yours ) ber eurige 

Obj. thee, bir, bid) 

Obj. 

you, end) 


(Singular. ©ritte^erfon. plural. 

Nom. he, she, it, er, fie, e§ Now., they, fie 

masc. t his, feiit, berfeinige p QSS their ) ip 

Poss. fern. \ her ) ip * theirs ) ber ipige 

neut. ) hers ) ber ipige Obj. them, ipen, fie 
Obj. its, feiit, beffett 


16 


2)as giinuort. 


b. Sfteflejibegitrmbrte r.— Reflexive pronouns. 


Nom. unb 0. 

1 . $erfon: myself (ourself), id), midj 

2 . ^erfoit: thyself, bu, bid) 

3. Sperfoit: himself, herself, itself, fid) 


Nom. unb 0. 
ourselves, mir, wt§ 
yourselves, iljr, end) 
themselves, fid) 


c. 53 e f i 1) a it 5 e i g e it b e g ii r ft) ii r t e r.— Possessive pronouns. 
My, mein; thy, beitt; his, feiu; her, ifjr ; its, fcitt; our, uttfer; your, 
yours, euer; their, theirs, ifjr. 

d. 53 e 5 i e f) e it b e ( relative ) g ii r ft) o r t e r. 

@ingidari$ ober $(urati& 



JV. 

P. 


0 . 

who 

1 

whose 


whom ' 


which 1 metdjer 

whose 

beffeit 

bcren 

which 

metdjen 

what 

l mcld)e 

— 

what 

- ttitb 

that 

j meld)e§ 

whose 

that 

in eld) e 

as 

j 

— 


as 



e. ©beitfo merben bie b e ft i m ut e it b eit g ii r ft) 6 r t er ( compound 
relative') beclinirt: whoever, mer and) imntcr; whosoever, mer itur; 
whichever, ma§ itur; whatever, whatsoever, ma§ nttd) intuter. 

f. § i n ft> e i f e it b e g ii r ft) ii r t e r.— Demonstrative pronouns. 

S. this, bicfer that, jciter, ber, bicfer 

PL these, biefe those, jeite, bie, biefe 

2 )iefe bleibett uitbercinbert ttitb merbett itid)t beclinirt. 


g. grctgettbe g it r U) o r t e r.— Interrogative pronouns. 


N. 

who, 

loer ? 

N. 

what, 

ft>a§? 

P. 

whose, 

locffeit? 

P. 

— 

— 

0 . 

whom. 

men ? 

0 . 

what, 

mct§ ? 


Who, whose unb whom begieljeit fid) nur auf ^erfoitcu. 


h. U it b e ft i m m t e g it r ft) b r t e r.— Indefinite pronouns. 


all, allc§, cide, gang 
any, irgenb eiit 

anyone, anybody, irgenb einer, 
jentanb 

anything, irgenb eimci§ 

each, every, jeber 

each one, everyone, ein jeber 


everybody, jebermann 
both, bcibc, bcibe§ 
either, einer bon beibcn 
neither, teiner bon beibeit 
few, menige, a few, einige 
little, mettig, a little, ein menig, 
etmci§ 




3) a § 3 e i t ro o r t. 


17 


not a little, nidjt meitig 
several, t)crfcf)icbeite r etlidje 
much, bid, many, biele 
many a, ntaudjer, maudje 
the same, berfelbe, such a, fold) 
ciit 

one, einer, man 
other, aubever 

the former, jener, bcr evftcrc 
One, other uitb body fjabett 
bcrcinbert. 


the latter, ber lejjtere, bicfcr 
some, etma$, einige 
some one, somebody, enter, Qe* 
mcmb 

something, etma$ 
not any ) 
no } feiu 

not anyone, not anybody, feiner 
not anything, nothing, nidjt3. 
ben ^offeffib, bte i’tbrigeit bleibeit itn= 


Thou nub ye mirb nur boit ben Oucifern gebraudjt unb bie ®ott(jcit 
n?irb mit thou angerebet. Sludj in $erfen brand)t man thou unb ye. 

V. Scitttmd.—Verb. 

1. §itlf§5eitmorter .—Auxiliary verbs. 

To be, fcin. 

Subicatib (Indicative mood), 
r a f e U 8.— Present Tense. 

I am, id) bin we are, mir fittb 

you are (thou art), bu bift you are, if)r feib, (gie fittb 

he, she, it is, er, fie, e§ ift they are, fie ftitb 

imperfect it lit.— Past Tense. 

I was, id) mar we were, mir maren 

you were (thou wast), bu marft you were, ifjr maret, <Sie maren 

he, she, it was, er, fie, e§ tear they were, fie maren 


^Berfectu nt. —Present Perfect Tense. 


I have been, id) bin gemefen 
you have been, bu bift gemefen 
(thou hast been) 
he, she, it has been, er, fie, e§ ift 
gemefen 

<piu8quamperfect 
I had been, id) mar gemefen 
you had been, bu marft gemefen 
(thou hadst been) 
he, she, it had been, er, fie, eS 
mar gemefen 


we have been, mir fiub gemefen 
you have been, i(jr feib gemefen, 
<gie fiub gemefen 

they have been, fie fittb gemefen 

nt.— Past-Perfect Tense. 
we had been, mir maren gemefen 
you had been, ifjr marct gemefen, 
(gie maren gemefen 
they had been, fie maren gemefen 


2 


18 


2) a 3 3 c i th) ort. 


turum.— Future Tense. (35orciu§fagenb). 

I shall be, id) lucvbe feiu we shall be, miv luevbeit fein 

you will be, bu mivft feiu you will be, if)V inertet feitt, 

(thou wilt be) * luevbeit feiu 

he will be, ev luivb feiit they will be, fie luevbeit feiit 

2>ertyred)enb, brofyenb ober beftinimenb. 


<Ste 


I will be, id) tucvbe feiit 
you shall be, bit mivft feiu 
(thou shalt be) 

he, she, it shall be, er, fie, eg luivb 
feiit 


we will be, miv luevbeit feiit 
you shall be, ifjr luevbet feiit, <3ie 
luevbeit feiit 

they shall be, fie luevbeit feiit 


$ U t u r u nt e V a c t it m .-—Future-Perfect Tense. 


I shall have been, id) luerbe ge== 
luefen feiu 

you will have been (thou wilt 
have been), bu luirft geiuefeit feiu 
he, she, it, will have been, cr, fie, 
e§ tuirb geiuefeit feiit 


we shall have been, luir luevbett 
geiuefeit feiit 

you will have been, iljr luevbet ge* 
luefen feiu, (Sie luevbeit geiuefett 
feiit 

they will have been, fie luevbeu 
geiuefett feiu 


®ev (£oujunctin (Subjunctive mood). 


^ r a f e it 8 . —Present Tense. 

(if) I be, (tneitit) id) fei (if) we be, (luenn) luiv feiert 

(if) you be, thou be, (luenn) bu (if) you be, (luenn) i()V feib, ye be, 
feieft (luenn) (Sie feieu 

(if) he be, (luenn) ev fei) (if) they be, (menu) fie feien 


imperfect it m. —Past Tense. 


(if) I were, were I, (luenn) idj 
marc 

(if) you were, were you, (menu) 
bu luiiveft 

(if) thou were (obev wert), were 
thou, (menu bu meiveft 
(if) he were, were he, (luenn) ev 
mitre 


(if) we were, were we, (menu) miv 
m live it 

(if) you were, were you, (menu) 
if)v luciret, (menu) (Sie luaveit 
(if) they were, were they, (menu) 
fie metre it 


$lu8quamperfectum. - Past-Perfed Tense. 
if I had been, had I been, menu id) gclucfcn mare 
if you had been, had you been (if thou hadst been, liadst thou been), 
menu bu geiuefeit meiveft. 

if he had been, had he been, menu ev geiuefeit lueive 


2)06 3 e itmort. 


19 


1 

if we had been, had we been, menu mir gemefen mdren 
if you had been, had you been, memt il)r gemefen miiret, menu ®ie ge* 
mefen mciren 

if they had been, had they been, menu fie gemefen loaren 
SD?bglid)feit§form (Potential mood). 


s 43 V a f e it 6. —Present Tense. 


I may be, id) mag feiit 
I can be, id) fault feiu 
I must be, id) tuiife feiu 
you may be, thou mayest be, bu 
magft feiu 

you can be, thou canst be, bu 
fanitft feiu 

you must be, thou must be, bu 
ntufjt feiu 

they may be, 
they can be, 
they must be, 


we may be, mir mogen feiu 
we can be, mir fonneit feiu 
we must be, mir tniiffen feiu 
you may be, if)r mbget feiu, ye 
may be, <Sie mogeit feiu 
you can be, U)r fount feiu, ye can 
be, (Sie fonneit feiu 
you must be, if)r miijjt feiu, ye 
must be, (Sie mitffeit feiu 
fie mogen feiu 
fie fSunen feiu 
fie miiffen feiu 


^erfectu i>:. — Present-Perfect Tense. 


I may have been, id) mag gcmcfeit 
feiu 

you may have been, thou mayest 
have been, bu magft gemefen 
feiit 

he may have been, er mag gemefen 
feiit 

3(uf biefefbe SBcife coujugire man : 
can have been, faint gemefen 
feiit 


we may have been, mir mogen ge* 
mefen feiu 

you may have been, i^r mbget ge* 
mefen feiu, ye may have been, 
<Sie mbgcit gemefen feiit 
they may have been, fie mogeit 
gemefen feiu 

must have been, ntufe gemefen 
feiu 


3 m p e r f e c t u m.— Past Tense 


I might be, idj mocf)te feiu we might be, mir modjten feiu 

you might be (thou canst, must you might be, it)r mbd)tct feiit 
be), bu mbdjteft feiit 

he might be, er mbd)te feiu they might be, fie modjten feiu 

5Iuf biefetbe SSeife coniugire man : 

could be, founte feiu should be, follte feiu 

would be, mi’irbe feiu 


20 


2)aS 3 e tttt>ort. 


^tnSquamperfectu m.—Past-Perfect Tense. 

I might have been, id) modjte ge^ we might have been, mir molten 
mefen fein gemefen feiit 

thou mightst have been, you you might have been, iljr mbd)tet 
might have been, bu modjteft gemefen fein 
gemefen feiit 

he might have been, er mod)te they might have been, fie mod)ten 
gemefen fein getoefen fein 

2luf biefeXbe SSeife conjugire man : 

could have been, fonnte gemefen would have been, miirbe gemefen 
fein fein 

should have been, follte gemefen fein. 

^mpcratit) (Imperative mood). 

Be (thou) do (thou) be, fei; be ye ober you, do you be, feib, feieit ©ie 
Snfinitib ber ©egenmart (Infinitive): to be, fein. 

Snfinitib ber 23ergangenbeit (Infinitive Perfect): to have been, ge« 
mefen fein. 

^artijip ber ©egeitmart (Present Participle): being, feienb. 

^artijip ber SBergangenbeit (Past Participle): been, gemefen. 
3ufammengefet3te§ ^artijip (Compound Participle): having been, 
gemefen feienb. 

To have, tja&cn. 

SnbicatiP (Indicative mood). 

V a f e n $. —Present Tense. 

I have, id) babe we have, mir baben 

you have, thou hast, bu Kjaft you have, ifjr fjabt, ©ie baben 

he has, er bat they have, fie Ijaben 

3 ttt p e r f e c 1 11 m.— Past Tense. 

I had, id) batte we had, mir batten 

you had, thou hadst, bu batteft you had, if)r I)nttet, ©ie batten 

he had, er batte they had, fie batten 

perfect it m. — Present- Ferfect Tense. 

I have had, id) babe gel)abt we have had. mir baben gebabt 

you have had, thou hast had, bu you have had, ibr l)abt gel)abt, 
baft gebabt ©ie baben gel)abt 

he has had, er bat gebabt they have had, fie baben gebabt 


2) a 8 geittuort. 

^lugquatnpcrfectu m.—Past-Perfect Tense. 


21 


I had had, id) tjatte gefjabt 
you had had, thou hadst had, bu 
fjatteft gefjabt 

he had had, er fjatte gefjabt 


we had had, tuir fatten gefjabt 
you had had, ifjr fjattet gef;at)t, 
©ie fatten gefjabt 
they had had, fie fatten gefjabt 


turn nr.— Future Tense. (SBovauSfagenb.) 


I shall have, idj tuerbe fjaben 
you will have, thou wilt have, bu 
tuir ft fjabeit 

he will have, er tuirb fjaben 


we shall have, tuir tuerbeu fjaben 
you will have, ifjr tuerbet fjaben, 
©ie tuerbeu fjabeit 
they will have, fie tuerbeu fjaben 


SSerfpredjenb, broljenb ober beftimntenb. 


I will have, id) tuerbe fjaben 
you shall have, thou shalt have, 
bu rpirft fjaben 

he shall have, er tuirb fjaben 


we will have, tuir tuerbeu fjabeit 
you shall have, ifjr tuerbet fjaben, 
©ie tuerbeu fjaben 
they shall have, fie tuerbeu fjabeit 


guturum e^actum.—Future-Perfect Tense. 


I shall have had, id) tuerbe gefjabt 
fjabeit 

you will have had, thou wilt 
have had, bu tuirft gefjabt 
fjaben 

he will have had, er tuirb gefjabt 
fjaben 


we shall have had, tuir tuerbeu 
gefjabt fjabeit 

you will have had, ifjr tuerbet ge* , 
fjabt fjaben, ©ie tuerbeu gefjabt 
fjabeit 

they will have had, fie tuerbeu ge¬ 
fjabt fjaben 


2)er (SonimtctiUe (Subjunctive mood). 


(if) I have, (tuenu) id) fjabe 
(if) you have, (if) thou have, 
(tueun) bu fjabeft 
(if) he have, (tuenu) er fjabe 

Sntperf ectu 
(if) I had, had I, (menn) id) fjatte 

(if) you had, had you ; (if) thou 
had, had thou (tuenu) bu fjdtteft 
(if) he had, had he, (tueun) er 
fjdtte 


(if) we have, (tueun) tuir fjaben 
(if) you have, (tuenu) ifjr fjabet, 
©ie fjaben 

(if) they have, (menu) fie fjaben 
u—Past Tense. 

(if) we had, had we, (tuenu) tuir 
fjdtten 

(if) you had, had you, (tueun) ifjr 
fjdttet, ©ie fjdtten 

(if) they had, had they, (tueun) 
fie fjdtten 


22 


3) o 8 3 c i t ft* o r t. 


s $lu$c|uamperfectum.— Past-Perfect Tense. 


if I had had, mctttt id) geljabt 
Ijcitte 

if you had had, if thon liadst had, 
menu bu geljabt Ijcitteft 
if he had had, menu cr geljabt 
Ijatte 

50?bglid)fcit§form 
s |> v a f e it 8. - 

I may have, id) mag Ijabeit 
you may have, thou mayest liave, 
bu magft Ijaben 
he may have, cr mag Ijabeit 
9luf biefelbe 3Irt coitjugire man : 
can have, faint Ijaben 


if we had had, menu mir geljabt 
Ijdtten 

if you had had, menu iljr geljabt 
Ijattet, menu (Sie geljabt fatten 
if they had had, menu <Sie geljabt 
Ijcitteit 

(Potential mood). 

Present Tense. 

we may have, mir mogeit Ijabeit 
you may have, iljr moget Ijaben, 
<Sie mogen I)aben 
they may have, fie ntogeit Ijabeit 

must have, mitfj I)aben 


3 m p c r f e c t u m.— Past Tense. 


I might have, id) mbdjte Ijaben 
you might have, thou mightst 
have, bu mbcljteft Ijaben 
he might have, er mbdjte Ijaben 


we might have, mir molten Ijabeit 
you might have, iljr mbdjtct Ijaben, 
<3ie mbdjteit I)abeit 
they might have, fie mbd)teit f)aben 


2Ittf bicfclbe SSeife coitiugire man : 

I could have, id) foitiite Ijabeit I should have, id) foltte Ijabeit 

I would have, id) mitrbe Ijabeit 


s J$erfectu m. — Present-Perfect Tense. 


I may have had, id) mag geljabt 
Ijabeit 

.you may have had, thou mayest 
have had, bu magft geljabt Ijabeit 

he may have had, er mag geljabt 
Ijaben 

5tuf biefclbe SSeife coitiugire matt 
I can have had, id) faint geljabt 
Ijabeit 

s b I it 8 q u a m p c r f e c t 


we may have had, mir mogeit ge* 
Ijabt Ijaben 

you may have had, iljr moget ge* 
Ijabt Ijabeit, ©ie mogeit geljabt 
Ijaben 

they may have had, fie ntogeit ge s 
Ijabt Ijaben 

I must have had, id) in it ft geljabt 
Ijabeit 

m.— Past-Perfect Tense. 


I might have had, id) mbdjte geljabt Ijaben 

you might have had, thou mightst have had, bu mbcljteft geljabt Ijaben 
he might have had, er mbdjte geljabt Ijaben 


2) a $ 3 c i t to o x t. 


23 


we might have had, loir modjten gcfjabt fjabeit 

you might have had, i(jr mbdjtet gcfjaOt fjabeit, <3ie ntbd)teu gefjabt Ijabeu 

they might have had, fie ntodjteit gcfjaOt fyaOeit 

5(uf biefeftic 23eife cottjugire man : 

I could have had, id) fonnte gefjabt Ijabcn 
I would have had, id) loiirbe cjeljabt Ijnben 
I should have had, id) foffte gefyabt fjaOett 

SJmpcratiO (Imperative mood). 

Have (thou) do (thou) h^ve, fjabe ; have ye ober you, do you have, 
fjabet, fjabeit <Sie. 

SnftuitiO ber ®egeitloart (Infinitive): to have, fjaben. 

SufinitiD ber SBergangenfjeit (Infinitive Perfect): to have had, ge= 
fjabt Ijabeit. 

^artijip ber ©egenloart (Present Participle): having, fjabeub 
^artijip ber 23ergaugeuf)cit (Past Participle): had, gcfjabt 
3ufamntengcfe^te§ ^Sartijip (Compound Participle) : having had, 
gefjabt fjabcub 

2. (Conjugation b e § re g c t nt ci fj i g c it 3 c i t to o r t e § Row .— 
Conjugation of the regular verb “ Row 
^nbicatiO (Indicative mood). 

X d f e u 8. —Present Tense. 

I row, id) rubere we row, loir rubcru 

you row, thou rowest, bu ruberft you row, ye row, if)r rubert, <Sic 

ruberu 

he rows, er rubert they row, fie ruberit 

(Smpfjatiidje 5 or ^.— Emphatic Form. 

I do row, id) ritbere we do row, loir ruberit 

you do row, thou doest row, bu you ober ye do row, ifjr rubert, 
ruberft <Sie ruberit 

he does row, er rubert they do row, fie ruberu 

s .firogrefftt>e ^ornt.—Progressive Form. 

I am rowing, id) rubere we are rowing, loir ruberit 

you are rowing, thou art rowing, you ober ye are rowing, U)r rubert, 
bu ruberft <Sie ruberu 

he is rowing, er rubert they are rowing, fie ruberu 


24 


2)a§ 3 c i * lu o r t. 


3 m p e r f e c t u i 

I rowed, idj ruberte 
you rowed, thou rowedst, bit ru^ 
berteft 

he rowed, er ruberte 

(Smphatlfdje gorm.- 

I did row, id) ruberte 
you did row, thou didst row, bu 
ruberteft 

he did row, er ruberte 


[.—Past Tense. 

we rowed, loir rttberteu 
you obcr ye rowed, itjr rubertet, 
(Sie rubcrtett 
they rowed, fie ruberteu 

-Emphatic Form. 

we did row, loir ruberteu 
you ober ye did row, i(jr rubertet, 
(Sie ruberteu 

they did row, fie ruberteu 


^rogrefftoe Progressive Form. 


I was rowing, id) ruberte 
you were rowing, thou wert row¬ 
ing, bu.ruberteft 
he was rowing, er ruberte 


we were rowing, loir ruberteu 
you were rowing, ye were rowing, 
i()r rubertet, <3ie ruberteu 
they were rowing, fie ruberteu 


perfect u m.— Present Perfect Tense. 


I have rowed, idj I)aOe gerubert 
you have rowed, thou hast rowed, 
bu I)nft gerubert 
he has rowed, er f)at gerubert 

^luSquam^erfect 

I had rowed, id) f)atte gerubert 
you had rowed, thou hadst rowed, 
bu fjntteft gerubert 
he had rowed, er Ijntte gerubert 


we have rowed, unr tjaben gerubert 
you ober ye liave rowed, itjr fjabt 
gerubert, @ie tjabcu gerubert 
they have rowed, fie tjabeit gerubert 

u in.— Past-Perfect Tense. 

we had rowed, loir tjatteu gerubert 
you ober ye had rowed, itjr Ijattet 
gerubert, <3ie fatten gerubert 
they had rowed, fie tjatteu gerubert 


3 u t u r u m.— Future Tense. (93orau8fagenb). 


I shall row, idj loerbe ruberu 
you will row, thou wilt row, bu 
luirft ruberu 

he will row, er luirb ruberu 


we shall row, u>ir luerbeu ruberu 
you will row, i(jr iuerbet ruberu, 
<Sie luerbeit ruberu 
they will row, fie luerbeu ruberu 


^erftuecfjenb, broljcitb ober beftimmenb. 


I will row, idj luerbe ruberu 
thou shalt row, you shall row, 
bu mirft ruberu 
he shall row, er luirb ruberu 


we will row, loir luerbeu ruberu 
you ober ye shall row, itjr iuerbet 
ruberu, fie luerbeu ruberu 
they shall row, fie luerbeu ruberu 


2)a3 ^eitmort. 


25 


g it t it X u lit e y a c t u lit .—Future-Perfect Tense. 


I shall have rowed, id) mcrbe ge* 
rubert ljaOeit 

you will have rowed, thou wilt 
have rowed, bit mirft gerubert 
Ijabeit 

he will have rowed, er mirb ge* 
rubevt Ijabeit 


we shall have rowed, mir merben 
gerubcrt babeit 

you ober ye will have rowed, il)r 
merbct gerubert babeit, ©ie mcr* 
belt gerubert Ijabeit 
they will have rowed, fie merbeit 
gerubert Ijabeit 


2)er (foujuitctib (Subjunctive mood). 

^ V d \ e n 3 .—Present Tense. 

I row, idj rubere we row, mir rttbertt 

you row, thou rowest, bit rubercft you ober ye row, iljr ruberet, ©ie 

tub ere it 

he row, er rubere they row, fie rubereit 


(Smphatifchc gorm.— Emphatic Form. 


(if) I do row, (menu) id) rubere 
(if) you do row, thou doest row, 
(menu) bu rubercft 
(if) he does row, (menu) er rubere 


(if) we do row, (menu) mir rubereit 
(if) you ober ye do row, (menu) 
ifjr ruberet, ©ie rubereit 
(if) they do row, (lueutt) fie rubent 


3 nt)) e r f e c t u lit. —Past Tense. 

(If) I rowed, (menu) id) ruberte it. f. to. mie ber ^itbicatib ; ebcufo bie 
empljatifdje gorm : I did row, id) ruberte. 


S P l it 3 q u a nt p e r f e c t u m. — Past-Perfect Tense. 

If I had rowed, menu idj gerubert (jiitte ; had I rowed, Ijfitte id) ge= 
rubcrt u. f. m., mie bcr ^ynbicatiu. 


9ftbgIid)feit§fonn (Potential mood). 


H r d f e it 8. —Present Tense. 


I may row, id) mag rubcrit 
you may row, thou mayest row, 
bit ntagft rubent 
he may row, er mag rubent 

2Iuf biefelbe SSeife coitjugirc man : 
I can row, id) faun rubent 


we may row, mir ntogen rubent 
you ober ye may row, ifjr ntbget 
rubent, ©ie ntogen rubent 
they may row, fie mbgcit rubent 

I must row, id) ntufj rubent 


3 nt p e r f e c t u in.— Past Tense . 

I might row, icl) ntod)te rubent 

you might row, thou mightst row, bu ntbdjteft rubent 
he might row, er modjte rubent 


2) a g 3 c i t \v o r t. 


2-6 


we might row, nrir mbcfyteit rubern 

you ober ye ihight row, i()r mbdjtet rubern, ©ie modjten rubern 
they might row, fie molten rubent 
Stuf biefetbe SBeife conjugire man : 

I could row, id) fonnte rubern I would row, id) mlirbe rubern 
I should row. id) fotlte rubern. 


perfect U m. — Present-Perfect Tense. 


I may have rowed, id) ntncj gem* 
bert fjabeit 

you may have rowed, thou may- 
est have rowed, bn magft gc- 
rubert tjaben 

he may have rowed, cr mag ge= 
rubert ljaOeu 
(SOeitfo conjugire man: 

I can have rowed, id) fault gerubcrt tjaben 
I must have rowed, idj mufj gerubert tjaben. 


we may have rowed, loir rnbgen 
gerubert tjaben 

you ober ye may have rowed, ifjr 
mbgctgerubert tjaben, ©ie mbgeit 
gerubert tjaben 

they may have rowed, fie mogen 
gerubert tjaben 


^tuSquamperfectum. — Past-Perfect Tense. 

I might have rowed, id) mbdjte we might have rowed, loir mod)* 


ten gerubert tjaben 
you ober ye might have rowed, 
ifjr modjtet gerubert tjaben, <£ie 
modjten gerubert fjabeit 
they might have rowed, fie mod)* 
ten gerubert (jaben 


gerubert tjaben 

you might have rowed, thou 
mightst have rowed, bu mbd)= 
teft gerubert tjaben 
he might have rowed, er mbd)te 
gerubert tjaben 
(Sbenfo conjugire man: 

I could have rowed, id) fonnte gerubert tjaben 
I would have rowed, idj toiirbe gerubert tjaben 
I should have rowed, id) fotlte gerubert t)aben. 

SntpcratiO (Imperative mood). 

Row (thou), do (thou) row, rubere ; row (ye) ober do (ye) row, rubert. 


Snfinitib ber ©egenloart (Present Infinitive): to row, rubern. 
SnfinitiO ber SSergaugenfjeit (Infinitive Perfect): to have rowed, 
gerubert tjaben. 

ffartijip ber ®egenloart (Present Participle): rowing, rubentb. 
^Sartijip ber SSergangentjeit (Past Participle): rowed, gerubert. 
Sufammengefe)jteS $arti 5 ip (Compound Participle): having rowed, 
gerubert tjabenb. 


3 c ittoort. 


$ a f f i 0 u tu. — Passive Voice. 
Snbicatto (Indicative mood), 
r a \ e n 3. —Present Tense. 


I am rowed, id) toerbe gerubert we are rowed, toir toerben gerubert 
you are rowed, tliou art rowed, you ober ye are rowed, iljr toerbet 
bu toirft gerubert gerubert, Sie toerben gerubert 

lie is rowed, er loirb gerubert they are rowed, fie toerben gerubert 

(Sbenfo : I am being rowed, id) toerbe gerubert 

you are being rowed, bu toirft gerubert u. f. to. 


3mpevfectum. —Imperfect Tense. 


I was rowed, id) ttmrbe gerubert 

you were rowed, thou wort rowed, 
bu tourbeft gerubert 
he were rowed, er ttmrbe gerubert 


we were rowed, loir ttmrbeit ge= 
rubert 

you ober ye were rowed, iljr ttmrbet 
gerubert, <Sie tourbeti gerubert 
they were rowed, fie tourben ge= 
rubert 


(Sbeitfo : I was being rowed, id) ttmrbe gerubert 

you were being rowed, bu ttmrbeft gerubert u. f. to. 


perfectum. — Present-Perfect Tense. 


I have been rowed, id) bin geru= 
bert ttmrbeit 

you have been rowed, thou hast 
been rowed, bu bift gerubert 
ttmrbctt 

he has been rowed, er ift gerubert 
ttmrbeit 


we have been rowed, toil' fittb ge¬ 
rubert ttmrbeit 

you ober ye have been rowed, iljr 
feib gerubert toorben, ©ie fittb 
gerubert toorbeu 

they have been rowed, fie fittb ge^ 
rubert toorben 


$lU0qu (imperfect it rn.— Past-Perfect Tense. 


I had been rowed, idj tour gcru= 
bert toorben 

you had been rowed, thou hadst 
been rowed, bu tonrft gerubert 
toorben 

lie had been rowed, er toar geru¬ 
bert toorben 


we had been rowed, loir toaren 
gerubert toorben 

you ober ye had been rowed, iljr 
lonret gerubert toorbeu, (Sie toa¬ 
ren gerubert toorben 
they had been rowed, fte toaren 
gerubert ttmrbeit 


it t u r u nt.— Future Tense. (SorauSfagenb.) 

I shall be rowed, id) toerbe gerubert iocrbett 

you will be rowed, thou wilt be rowed, bu tuirft gerubert toerbett 

lie will be rowed, er toirb gerubert toerbett 


28 


2) a § 3 e i t to o r t. 


we shall be rowed, loir iuerbeit gerubert Iuerbeit 
you obcr ye will be rowed, if;r luerbet gerubert iuerbeit, ©ie iuerbeit ge> 
rubcvt iuerbeit 

they will be rowed, fie iuerbeit gerubert iuerbeit 

93erfprcd)eiib, brotjenb ober beftimmenb. 


I will be rowed, id) luerbe gentbert 
iuerbeit 

you shall be rowed, thou shalt be 
rowed, bit luirft gentbert iuerbeit 

he shall be rowed, cr ioitb gerubcrt 
iuerbeit 

$ u t u r u nt e £ a c t u tit. 
I shall have been rowed, id) luerbe 
gentbert tuorbcit feiit 
you will have been rowed, thou 
wilt have been rowed, bit luirft 
gentbert luorbcit feiit 
he will have been rowed, cr luirb 
gerubert luorbeit feiit 


we will be rowed, luir iuerben ge= 
rubcrt iuerbeit 

you shall be rowed, i(jr luerbet ge* 
rubcrt iuerbeit, ©ie iuerbeit ge- 
rubcrt iuerbeit 

they shall be rowed, fie iuerbeit 
gerubert iuerbeit 

-Future-Perfect Tense. 
we shall have been rowed, luir 
iuerbeit gerubert luorbeit feiit 
you ober ye will have been rowed, 
i[)r luerbet gerubert luorbcit feiit, 
©ie iuerbeit gerubert luorbcit feiit 
they will have been rowed, fie 
iuerbeit gerubert luorbeit feiit 


(SoujuitctiU (Subjunctive mood). 
^3 r d f e n 8. —Present 1 ense. 


I be rowed, id) luerbe gerubert 
you be rowed, thou be rowed, bu 
luerbeft gerubert. 
he be rowed, cr luerbe gerubert 

3mperfectu 
I were rowed, id) luitrbc gerubert 

you were rowed, thou wert rowed, 
bu luiirbcft gentbert 
he were rowed, cr loiirbe gerubert 
d'Ocufo : 

were I rowed, loiirbe id) gerubert 

were you rowed, were thou rowed, 
luiirbcft bu gerubert 
were he rowed, loiirbe er gerubert 


we be rowed, luir iuerbeit gerubert 
you ober ye be rowed, ifjr luerbet 
gerubert, ©ie iuerbeit gerubert 
they be rowed, fie iuerbeit gerubert 

t .—Past Tense. 

we were rowed, luir iuurbeit gc? 
rubcrt 

you were rowed, il)r loiirbct ge* 
ntbert, ©ie luiirbeit gerubert 
they were rowed, fie luiirbeit ge= 
ntbert 

were we rowed, luiirbeit luir ge= 
rubcrt 

were you ober ye rowed, loiirbct 
if)r (luiirbeit ©ie) gerubert 
were they rowed, luiirbeit fie ge* 
rubert 


29 


3) a $ 3 e i t to o r t. 


■|51 u $ C| it a m p e r f e c t u m.— Past-Perfect Tense. 


I had been rowed, id) metre gent- 
bcvt tuorbett 

you had been rowed, thou hadst 
been rowed, bu luiireft gerubert 
tuorben 

he had been rowed, cr tucive gc^ 
rubevt tuorbett 

(Sbettfo: 

had I been rowed, tuavc id) gent* 
bcvt tuovben 

had you been rowed, hadst thou 
been rowed, mar ft bit gerubert 
tuovben 

had he been rowed, mare cv ge* 
rubevt tuorben 


we had been rowed, tuir loctvcn 
gerubert tuorben 

you obev ye had been rowed, iljr 
tucivet gevubcvt tuovben, <8ie tuci* 
veil gevubcvt tuovben 
they had been rowed, fie todveti 
gevubcvt tuovben 

had we been rowed, tocivcit tuir 
gevubcvt tuovben 

had you obev ye been rowed, tnib 
vet i()v gevubcvt tuovben, tudven 
(Sie gevubcvt tuovben 
had they been rowed, iudvet if)v 
gerubert tuovben 


SDioglidjfeitSform (Potential mood). 


^ r a f e n 8.— Present Tense. 


I may be rowed, idj mag gevubcvt 
iuevbeit 

you may be rowed, thou mayest 
be rowed, bu magft gerubert 
tuerben 

he may be rowed, er mag gevubevt 
tuevben 

(Sbenfo conjugive ntait: 


we may be rowed, tuir ntdgen ge* 
vubevt tuevben 

you obev ye may be rowed, if)v 
mdget gevubevt tuerben, <£ie rnd- 
gen gevubcvt tuevben 
they maybe rowed, fie ntdgen ge* 
rubevt tuevben 


I can be rowed, id) faint gevubevt tuevben 
I must be rowed, id) ittuf) gevubcvt tuevben. 


3mperfectum.— Past Tense. 


I might be rowed, id) mocfjte gc* 
rubevt tuerben 

you might be rowed,thou mightst 
be rowed, bu mddjteft gevubevt 
tuevben 

he might be rowed, cv rnddjte ge* 
rubevt tuevben 


we might be rowed, tuir mddjten 
gevubevt tuevben 

you obev ye might be rowed, if)r 
mddjtet gevubevt tuevben, ©ie 
mod)ten gevubevt tuevben 
they might be rowed, fie mddjten 
gevubevt tuevben. 



30 


2) a 3 3 c i tn?ort - 


9tuf biefelbe SSeife conjugire man: 

I could be rowed, id) fbrntte ge= I would be rowed, id) mikljte ge^ 
ritbcrt loerben rubert loerben 

I should be rowed, id) fofite gerubert loerben. 


^lu§quamperfectu in— Past-Perfect Tense. 


I might have been rowed, id) 
nibdjte gerubert loorben fciit 
you might have been rowed, thou 
mightst have been rowed, bu 
ntodjteft gerubert loorben fciit 


we might have been rowed, loir 
molten gerubert loorbeit feiit 
you ober ye might have been 
rowed, if)r iubd)tet gerubert loor* 
ben feiit, (Sie ntbd)teit gerubert 
loorbeit feiit 

they might have been rowed, fie 
ntbd)teit gerubert loorbeit fein 


he might have been rowed, er 
mbdjte gerubert loorben fein 
(E'bcufo conjugire man: 

I could have been rowed, id) fbrntte gerubert loorbeit fciit 
I would have been rowed, id) ntbdjte gerubert loorben fein 
I should have been rowed, id) fofite gerubert loorben fein. 


SntperntiO (Imperative mood). 

Be (thou) rowed, loerbe gerubert; be (ye) rowed, loerbet gerubert. 

5nfiniti0 ber ©cgeuloart (Present Infinitive! : to be rowed, gerubert 
loerben. 

SufiititiO ber $ergangetd)cit (Perfect Infinitive): to have been 
rowed, gerubert loorben fein. 

SPcirtiftipiitm ber Qkgeitioart (Present Participle): being rowed, ge= 
rubert loerbenb. 

^art^ipiunt ber SSevgaitgen^cit (Past Perfect Participle): having 
been rowed, gerubert loorben fcieitb. 

3. Uit 0 onftiiitbi ge 3 e t *loorter. —Defective verbs. 

Beware, fid) in 3(d)t nefjnten, I)nt fciit fnrtijip. Ought, foil, ntuj} 
ober fofite, innate: I ought to go, id) mup gcljen ; I ought to have 
gone, id) tjiitte ge()en fofieu. Metliinks, id) benf'e; methought, id) 
bad)te; meseems, e§ fdjeiitt ntir; meseemed, eS fd)icu mir. Quoth, 
fagt, fagte, loirb ljuntoriftijd) gebraudjt. 

Wit (Oon loiffen) loirb gebrnudjt file ncimlidj : to wit. 

Oft loerben oitbcre SSortarten a(§ 3 e ihobrter gebraud)t, 5 . 3).: I have 
tried to better our condition, idj f)abe 0 erfud)t, unfere Sage §u Oerbeffern; 
V\\ fortune-teW you, id) loerbe bir loatjrfageit. 



2) a 8 3 eitlU0l ' t * 


01 

01 


a. 2)ct§ ^avtijipiunt ber ©egeitmart (Present Participle) mirb ge* 
bilbet, iitbent titan ing an ba§ (Stammmort be§ 3eitmorte§ Ijangt. geiD 
miirter auf e enbenb Xaffeit ba§ e fallen : 

catch, fangett catching, faitgenb 

admire, bemuiibent admiring, bemunbernb 

advise, ratljen advising, rafljcttb 

desire, mititfdjen desiring, miiitfdjenb 


b. 2)a§ ^arti^ipiitm ber SSergaitgeitljeit (Perfect Participle) mirb ge* 
bilbet, iitbent man ed an ba§ ©tamntmort be§ regelmcijjigen 3eitmortcS 
ljcingt: 

believe, glaubeit believed, geglaubt 

pitch, merfeit pitched, gemorfett 

thank, banteit thanked, gebanft 


c. g r a g e it b e gornt. SOZan fagt iticf)t hit dmglifdjeit: Sing I ? 
finge id) ? foitbeut: Do I sing ? tl)ue id) fiitgeit? 


s 43 r a f e n 8. 

do I run ? lanfe id) ? 
do you run ? Iciufft bu ? 
does he run ? liiuft er? 
do we run ? laufen mir? 

do you run ? laujetiljr? 

do they run ? lattfeit fie? 
e r f e c t it nt. 

Have I run ? bin id) gelanfeit? 
ft u t it r it m. 

Shall I run ? merbe id) laufeit? 


3 m p e r f c c t u nt. 


did I run ? 

lief id) ? 

did you run ? 

Iiefft bu ? 

did he run ? 

lief er? 

did we run ? 

liefett mir? 

did you run ? 

lie jet il)t? 

did they run ? 

liefett fie? 

t u 8 q u a m p e v f e c t n nt. 


Had I run ? mar id) gelanfeit ? 
ft u t u r u m e y a c t it nt. 

Shall 1 have run ? merbe id) gc* 
laufen feitt? 


d. $)ie b e r it e i it e it b e 3'orm : 
$ r a f e it 8. 

I do not (don’t) run, id) lanfe 
uidjt 

you do not (don’t) run, bu Iciufft 
nid)t 

he does not (don’t) run, er liiuft 
itid)t 

we do not (don’t) run, mir laufen 
itid)t 


3 nt p e v f c c t u nt. 

I did not (didn’t) run, id) lief 
nid)t 

you did not (didn’t) run, bu Iiefft 
uid)t 

he did not (didn’t) run, er lief 
nid)t 

we did not (did’nt) run, mir liefett 
itid)t 


32 


2 a § 3 e 1 1 in ° r t. 


ip r a | e u 8. 

you do not (don’t) run, ifjr lauft 
nitfjt 

they do not (don’t) run, fie laitfeit 
nidjt 

To do, tfjun, nurb gebraudjt, urn 
bcr grage unb 23erneinung : Have ; 
I did say it, id) fagte c3. 


Smperfectum. 

you did not (didn’t) run, ifjr tieft 
itid)t 

they did not (didn’t) run, fie Iie= 
fen nidjt 

ctnm§ eutpfjatifdjer nu^jubviicfen bei 
fou said it ? §aben ©ie c£ gefagt? 


4. 4ft e f I e j i D e 3 e it it) o r t e r .—Reflexive verbs. 

8m ©nglifdjen mcrbcit nidjt bic gurluorter me, thee, you, us, him, 
her u. f. m. im rcffejiuen ©nine gcOrandjt, fonbern bie 5 ufammengefet)ten 
giirmortcr myself, thyself, yourself, yourselves, ourselves, himself, 
herself n. f. tt>.: 3d) toafdje mid), I wash myself (nidjt me); id) fleibe 
mid) an, I dress myself (nidjt me); id) amiifire mid), I amuse myself 
(nid)t me). 

^ r a f e n 9. —Present Tense. 


I dress myself, id) ffeibe mid) ait 

you dress yourself, bn fteibeft 
bid) an 

he dresses himself, er fleibct fid) 
an 


we dress ourselves, mir fteiben 
nnS an 

you dress yourselves, i(jr fleibct 
cud) an 

they dress themselves, fie flcibcit 
fid) an 


3 m p e r f e c t it nt .—Past Tense. 


I washed myself, id) ttmfdj mid). 


^Scrfectum.— Present-Perfect Tense. 

I have praised myself, id) fjabe mid) gefobt. 


iP \ it 9 q u a nt p e r f e c t it m.— . Past-Perfect Tense. 

I had shot myself, id) f)atte mid) gefdjoffen. 


g it t it r u nt. —Future Tense. 

I shall enjoy myself, id) inerbe ntid) erfrcucit. 


g it t it r it nt e £ a c t it nt. — Future-Perfect Tense. 

I shall have convinced myself, id) merbe mid) iibcvjeugt Ijaben. 
SmperatiD (Imperative mood), 
wash yourself, luafdje bid) wash yourselves, ftmfdjet end) 
SfteiftenS ftefjeu im (Snylifdjeu iutranfittoe 3cihnbrter ftatt bcr beutfd)en 
reffejiDen, g. 23.: I long for home, id) felpte mid) nad) §aufe ; I re¬ 
member it, id) erinnere mid) bcffen. 


2) a 3 3 e i t in o rt. 


33 


Sftcmclje merben altiu imb tranfitiu gebraudjt: I spread something- 
over it, id) Incite etma§ baritber ; the news spread quickly, bie 9 hid)= 
ricbt berbreitete fid) fcfjnell. He assembled liis men, er berfammelte 
feiite l ? eutc; the men assembled, bie Scute berfantmelteu fid). 

a. 3nt 2>eutfd)cu fteljt oft bie ©egcnmart fitr bn3 guturitm, 5 .33.: SSanit 
gefjen <Sie mid) Jpaufe? 3 m @mglifd)en jeborf) mirb ba§ guturum ge* 
bmud)t: When shall you go home ? 3(ucf) fogt man : When are 3^011 
going home ? 

b. 2 )a§ ^iilfs^eitmort let, lag, lagt, laffen Sie, gcbraudjt man mie im 
3 )eutfd)cn : let me go, lag mid) geben; let him go, lag if)ii gdjeit; let 
us go, lagt uu§ ge^en ; let them go, lagt fie gef)eu ; aber oernciucnb 
bvaud)t man do not ban or : do not let him go, lag il)n uidjt gef)en. 

c. 2 )er gnfinitib l)at mciftenS bie s $rdpofition to, 5 m bor fid) : I hope 
to see you there, id) fjoffe bid) bort 5 U fel)en ; he told her not to speak, 
er fagte itjr, nid)t 511 fpredjen. 

To be, fein, mirb and) fur miiffen unb fotlen gebraud)t: 1 am to w r rite 
a letter, id) mug eineu 33riej fdjreiben ; he was to go to town, er mugte 
in bie ©tabt ge()cn. 

d. &a§ ffarti^ipium ber ©cgenmart (ing) mirb gebraudjt, urn eiue 
bauernbe £l)atigfcit au^ubri'iden: I am singing, id) finge; we are 
writing, mir fdjreibeu. 

$tfand)e unperfoulid)en 3 ^itmorter merben im (Smglifdjeu perfbnlidj ge* 
braud)t: I am glad, e§ frcut mid); I am thirsty, e§ biirftet mid); I like 
it, e£ gefiiUt mir ; I am sorry, I regret, e§ tljut mir leib ; I am hungry, 
e§ ljungert mid). 


Un regel magige 3 e i 1 in b r t e r. — Irregular verbs. 
6oId)e mit R begeidpiet, fonnen aud) regelniagig gebraudjt merben. 


I arise, id) ftefje auf 
awake, mad)e 
be obcr am, idj bin 
bear, trage 
beat, fdjlagen 
become, merben 
it befalls, e» begegnet 
I beget, id) jeuge 
begin, beginnen, fauge 
an 


I arose, id) ftanb auf 
awoke, macf)te auf 
was, mar 
bore, trug 
beat, fdjlug 
became, murbe 
it befell, c£ begegnete 
begot, jeugte 
began, bcgamt 


arisen, aufgeftanbcn 
awaked, nufgcmad)t 
been, gemefen 
born, getragen 
beaten, beat, gefdjlageit 
become, gemorben 
befallen, begegnet 
begotten, gejcugt 
begun, angcjangeu 


3 


34 


2)as 3eittt)ort. 


bid, f)ctf?e 
bite, beifte 
blow, blafe 
I break, iclj breeze 
chide, fcljelte 
choose, tt)cif)Ie 
cleave, Hebe an 
cleave, fpalte 
come, fomrne 
crow, friilje 
dare, inage 
dare, for here IjerauS 
do, tfyut 
draw, 5 iel)e 
drink, trinfe 
drive, treibe 
eat, effe 
fall, falle 
fly, fliege 

forbear, itnterlaffe 
forget, Pergcffe 
forsake, Perlaffe 
freeze, frtere 
freight, be fra cl) te 
I get, id) befontme 
give, gebe 
go, gelje 
grave, grabe ein 
heave, fjebe 

hew, Ijauc 
hide, Perftecfen 
hold, tjalte 
know, loeifb femte 
lade, bclabe 
lie, liege 
mow, inalje 
prove, beioeife 
rend, 5crrcij3c 


bid, bade, l)tep 

bit, bifj 

blew, blieg 

broke, brad) 

chid, fcf)o!t 

chose, ttjfitylte 

cleaved, flebte an 

cleft, clove, fpaltcte 

came, fain 

crowed, crew, frafjte 

durst, loagte 

dared, forberte IjerauS 

did, tf)at 

drew, §og 

drank, tranf 

drove, trieb 

eat, ajj 

fell, fief 

flew, flog 

forbore, uitterliefj 

forgot, Pergaf) 

forsook, Pcrliej} 

froze, fror 

freighted, befradjtete 
got, befant 
gave, gab 
went, gittg 
graved, grub ein 
heaved, hove, f)ob 

hewed, l)aute 
hid, Perftecfte 
held, l)iett 
knew, innate 
laded, bclub 
lay, lag 
mowed, mcibte 
proved, bctrncS 
rent, jerri fj 


bid, bidden, geljeifieu 
bitten, gcbiffeit 
blown, geblafeit 
broken, gcbrodjeit 
chidden, gefcljoften 
chosen, gcinat)lt 
cleaved, angeflebt 
cleft, cloven, gefpalteit 
come, gefomnten 
crowed, gefrciljt 
dared, gcloagt 
dared, l)erau§gcfort?ctx 
done, getl)ait 
drawn, gejogen 
drunk, getrunfen 
driven, getrieben 
eaten, gcgeffeit 
fallen, gcfafleit 
flown, geflogeu 
forborne, unterlaffen 
forgotten, pergeffeit 
forsaken, berlaffen 
frozen, gefroren 
freighted, fraught It 
got, gotten, befommeu 
given, gcgebeit 
gone, gegangen 
graved, eingegraben R 
heaved, lioven, geljoben 

hewn, gef)auen 
hid, hidden, berfteeft 
held, geljalteit 
known, geioujjt 
beladen, belaben R 
lain, gelcgen 
mown, gemcil)t R 
proven, beitnefen R 
rent, jerriffen R 




2) a 8 3 e i * ft o ? t. 


35 


ride, reite 

rode, ritt 

rode, ridden, geritten 

ring, liiute 

rang, rung, Iciutete 

rang, gelautet 


rise, ftd)c auf 

rose, ftcmb auf 

risen, aufgeftanbeit 


rive, fpalte 

rived, fpaltete 

riven, gcfpalten 

R 

run, Imtfe 

ran, lief 

run, gelaufcn 


saw, jcige 

sawed, feigte 

sawn, geftigt 

R 

see, fef>e 

saw, fal) 

seen, gefel)cn 


I seethe, id) fiebe 

seethed, sod, fott 

seethed, sodden, 
fatten 

ge* 

shake, fdjitttele 

shook, fct)iittelte 

shaken, gefdjiittelt 


shave, ra fire 

shaved, rafirte 

shaven, rafirt 

R 

shear, fdjcere 

sheared, fdjeere 

shorn, gefefeoren 

R 

show, jeige 

showed; jeigte 

shown, gejeigt 

R 

shrink, fdjrutnpfe 

shrank, shrunk, 
fdjrumpfte 

shrunk, shrunken, 
gefdjruntpft 


slay, erfdjlage 

slew, erfdjlug 

slain, erfctjlagen 


slide, glitfcfje 

slid, glitfcfjte 

slid, slidden,geglitfcf)t R 

smite, fcfelage 

smote, fcfjtug 

smitten, gefcfelagen 


sing, finge 

sung, sang, fang 

sung, gefitngen 


sink, finfe 

sunk, sank, fait! 

sunk, gefunfen 


sow, fae 

sowed, fate 

sown, gefeit 

R 

speak, fprecfee 

spoke, fpraclj 

spoken, gefprocfeeit 


spin, fpinne 

span, fpaitn 

spun, gefpamten 


spit, fpeie 

spit, spat, fpie 

spit, spitten, gefpieen 

spring, fpringe 

sprung, sprang, fpraitg sprung, gefpruugeit 


steal, fteljle 

stole, ftal)l 

stolen, gcftofjleu 


stride, fdjreite 

strode, fd)ritt 

stridden, gefeferitten 


strike, fdjlage 

struck, fdjlug 

struck, stricken, 
fctjlageu 

ge* 

strive, ftrebe 

strove, ftrebte 

striven, geftrebt 

R 

strow, ftreue 

strowed, ftveute 

strown, geftreut 

R 

swear, fdjiuore 

swore, fcfjttmr 

sworn, gefcfpuoreu 


swell, fdjuieKe 

swelled, fcljluod 

swollen, gefdpnollcn 

R 

swim, fdjttrimnte 

swam, swum, fdjttmntm 

swam, gefdjtuommen 


take, itefeme 

took, italjm 

taken, geitontmen 


tear, reifee 

tore, rife 

torn, geriffeu 


thrive, gebeilje 

throve, gebiel) 

thriven, gebieljeit 

R 

throw, luerjc 

threw, mavf 

thrown, geiuorfeu 


tread, trete 

trod, trat 

trod, trodden, getreten 


36 


2)a§ 3 e tttoovt. 


wax, micbfeit 

waxed, undjft 

waxen, gem id) ft 

R 

wear, trage 

wore, trug 

worn, getrageu 


weave, mebe 

wove, inebte 

woven, gemebt 

h 

write, fdjreibe 

wrote fd)rieb 

written, gefd)ricbeu 


gofgenbe ,3eitmbrter bflbeit tbeif§ ba§ Smperfectunt ititb $artt5ipiunt f 
tf)cif§ a tie brei gormeit gfeicb : 

I abide, id) bfeibe 

abode, blieb 

abode, gebfiebeit 


beliold, fefje 

beheld, fat) 

beheld, gefefjen 


belay, berfperre 

belaid, berfperrte 

belaid, toerfperrt 

R 

bend, biege 

bent, bog 

bent, gebogeit 

R 

bereave, bernube 

bereft, beraubte 

bereft, beraubt 

R 

boeeecli, erfucbe 

besought, erfud)te 

besought, erfuebt 


bet, lDctte 

bet, mettete 

bet, gemettet 

R 

it betides, e§ ftojjt 511 

it betid, e§ ftief? 5 it 

betid, 5itgcftoj5en 

R 

I bind, id) biitbe 

bound, banb 

bound, gebunben 


bleed, Mute 

bled, Mutete 

bled, gebfutet 


blend, mifdje 

blent, m if d)te 

blent, gemifd)t 

R 

bless, fegite 

blest, fegnete 

blest,gefegnet 

R 

breed, brute 

bred, brutete 

bred, gebriitet 


buiid, baue 

built, baute 

built, gebaut 

R 

burn, bremte 

burnt, brmtnte 

burnt, gebramtt 


burst, berfte 

burst, barft 

burst, geborfteu 


buy, faufe 

bought, faufte 

bought, gefauft 


cast, merfe 

cast, tuarf 

cast, gemorfeit 


catch, fcuige 

caught, fing 

caught, gefnngeit 

R 

cling, f)tinge mid) an 

clung, f)ing nticb an 

clung, attgebangen 


cloth, ffeibe 

clad, fleibete 

clad; geffeibet 

R 

cost, fofte 

cost, foftete 

cost, gefoftet 


creep, fried)e 

crept, frocb 

crept, gcfrocbeit 


cut, fdjncibe 

cut, febnitt 

cut, gefcbnittcu 


deal, bauble 

dealt, banbefte 

dealt, gebanbeft 


dig, grabe 

dug, grub 

dug, gegraben 

R 

dwell, mof)ue 

dwelt, loobnte 

dwelt, gemobnt 

R 

dream, treiume 

dreamt, trdumte 

dreamt, getraumt 


dress, fteibe 

dressed, drest, fleibete dressed, drest, geffeibet 

feed, fiittere 

fed, fiitterte 

fed, gefiittert 


feel, fu()te 

felt, gefiibft 

felt, gefiibft 


fight, fed)te 

fought, foebt 

fought, gefodjteu 


flew, ftiet)e 

fled, ftot) 

fled, geffotjen 



2)a# ^eitiuort. 


37 


fling, tperfe 
gild, Pergolbe 
gird, gitrte 
grind, ntnfite 
hang, fjcinge 
have, t)abe 
hear, I)ore 
hit, treffe 
hurt, Pertc()e 
keep, tjalte 
kneel, fniee 
knit, ftricfe 
lay, lege 
lead, fiiljre 
lean, id) tefpte 
leap, fpringe 
learn, terne 
leave, Inffe 
lend, (eilje 
light, jitnbe an 
lose, Portiere 
make, niacfje 
mean, meiiie 
meet, begegne 
pass, gclje Porbci 

pay, bejabte 
plead, piiibire 
put, fcjje, lege 
quit, Per^idjte 
read, life 
reave, ftetjte 
rid, befreie 
say, fnge 
seek, fudje 
sell, id) Pcrfaufe 
send, fdjtcfe 
set, fe|je 
shed, Pergiefje 


flung, toarf 
gilt, gilded, Pergolbete 
girt, giirtete 
ground, maljUe 
hung, tying 
had, tjatte 
heard, tyorte 
hit, trnf 
hurt, pertebte 
kept, tjiclt 
knelt, fniete 
knit, ftricfte 
laid, (cgte 
led, fi’ityrte 
leant, tetynte 
leapt, fpraitg 
learnt, ternte 
left, liej} 
lent, liety 
lit, jiinbete an 
lost, Perlor 
made, ntactyte 
meant, mcinte 
met, begegnete 
passed, past, ging 
Porbei 

paid, bojatylte 
plead, plcibirte 
put, fe^te 
quit, perjictytete 
read, ta§ 
reft, ftatyX 
rid, bejrcite 
said, fagte 
sought, finite 
sold, perfnufte 
sent, fetyiefte 
set, fetyte 
shed, Pergofc 


flung, geiporfeit 
gilt, gilded, Pergotbct 
girt, gegiirtet R 

ground, gematyten 
hung, gctyangeit R 

had, getyabt 
heard, getyiirt 
hit, getr often 
hurt, t>erle^t 
kept, gefatten 
knelt, gefniet R 

knit, geftrieft R 

laid, getegt 
led, gefiityrt 

leant, getetyut R 

leapt, gefprungen R 

learnt, gelernt R 

left, getaffen 
lent, gelietyeit 
lit, angc^iinbet R 

lost, Perlorett 
made, gemactyt 
meant, gemeiitt 
met, begegnet 
passed, past, p or beiges 
gangeit 
paid, bejatytt 
plead, ptcibirt 
put, gcfejjt 
quit, Perjictytet 
read, gcXefeit 
reft, gcftotylen 
rid, bejreit 
said, gefagt 
sought, gefne^t 
sold, Perfanft 
sent, gefetyieft 
set. gefe^t 
shed, Pergoffen 




38 


2)a« geittoort. 


shine, fdjeinen 
shoe, befdjtage 
shoot, fdjiefje 
shred, gerfdpteibe 
sit, fipe 
sleep, fdjlafe 
sling, fdjteubern 
slink, fc£)tetcE)e 
slit, fpalten 
smell, vtedje 
speed, eile 
spell, budjftabire 
spend, fpettbe 
spill, l?erfct)lxtte 
split, fpalte 
spoil, tierberbe 

spread breite au§ 
stay, bleibe 
string, gielje auf 
stave, gerfdjtage 
stand, ftefje 
stick, ftecle 
sting, ftedje 
sweat, fdpoipe 
sweep, fetjre 
swing, fdpotnge 
teach, tetjre 
tell, fage 
think, benfe 
thrust, ftofte 
wake, tuadje 
wake, roeden 
wed, Ijeiratlje 

weep, inetite 
win, gevoinue 
wind, tuinbe 
work, arbeite 


shone, fdjiert 
shod, befcb)Xug 
shot, fdjof} 
shred, gerfdjnitt 
sat, faf} 
slept, fd)Iief 
slung, fcf)Ieuberte 
slink, fdjtidj 
slit, fpaltete 
smelt, rod) 
sped, eilte 
spelt, bud)ftabirt 
spent, fpeubete 
spilt, rerfdpittete 
split, fpaltete 
spoiled, spoilt, tierbarb 

spread, breitete au§ 
staid, btieb 
strung, gog auf 
stove, staved, gerfdjlug 
stood, ftanb 
stuck, ftedte 
stung, ftad) 
sweat, fdpoitgte 
swept, lebrte 
swung, fdpnaug 
taught, letjrte 
told, fagte 
thought, bad)te 
thrust, ftiep 
woke, tnadjte 
waked, roedte 
wed, wedded, 
t)eiratt)ete 
wept, toeinte 
won, getuamt 
wound, toaub 
wrought, arbeitete 


shone, gefdjeint R 
shod, befcf)lageit 
shot, gefdjoffen 
shred, gerfdptitten 
sat, gefeffen 
slept, gefd)tafen 
slung, gefdjteubert 
slunk, gcfd)tid)en 
slit, gefpatten 
smelt, gerodjeu 
sped, geeitt 
spelt, bnd)ftabirt 
spent, gefpeitbet 
spilt, oevfdpittet R 

split, gefpatten R 

spoiled, spoilt, 

Oerborben 

spread, au 3 gebreitet 
staid, gebtieben R 

strung, aufgegogeit 
stove,staved, gerfdjlageit 
stood, geftanbeit 
stook, geftedt 
stung, geftodjeit 
sweat, gefdpmpt 
swept, geletjrt 
swung, gefdpoungeu 
taught, getetjrt 
told, gefagt 
thought, gebad)t 
thrust, geftopen 
woke, gemadjt 
waked, geioedt 
wed, wedded, 

get)eiratt)et R 
wept, getneint 
won, getDomiett 
wound, gcimutben 
wrought, gearbeitet R 






2) a $ it m ft o n b 8 \v o v t. 


39 


wring, prcffe au§ 
can, !anu 
do, tl)ue 
have, l)abe 
may, mag 


wrung, prcfjte au§ 
could, fonnte 
did, tf)at 
had, I)atte 
might, ntocbte 


wrung, au^geprefjt 
could, gefcmnt 
done, getf;an 
had, gcbabt 


VI. Umfianb§toort.—Adverb. 

2 >ie meiften 5lbberbieit merben au§ ^Ibfectibeu gebilbet, inbem fie bie 
©ilbe ly ober s anbangett: Bold, boldly, fiilju; easy, easily, leicljt; 
upwards, aufmcirt§. (Suben fie in le, 5 . 03. noble, fo Icifjt man e fallen wtb 
being! y an : nobly. ®ie meiften Olbberbiett merben mit more unb most 
gefteigert: Wisely, more wisely, most wisely, meife, meifer, am meifeften. 


a. fftegelmapige 51 b b e r b i e it .—Regular Adverbs. 


soon, 

long, 

early, 

wisely, 

wisely, 

foolishly. 


sooner, 
longer, 
earlier, 
more wisely, 
less wisely, 
more foolishly, 


soonest, 
longest, 
earliest, 
most wisely, 
least wisely, 
most foolishly, 


balb ; 
long; 
friil); 
meife; 

meniger meife ; 
tfjurid)!. 


b. 


tl it r e g e l nt d fj i g e 51 b b e r b i e n .—Irregular Adverbs. 


well,. 

better, 

best, 

gut; 

badly ober ill, worse, 

worst. 

fdjlecbt; 

much, more, 

most, 

biel; 

little. 

less, 

least. 

menig; 

forth, 

further. 

furthest, 

gerabe bormfirtS; 

far, 

farther, 

farthest, 

meit, feme 


c. 5lbbcrbienber53efcb 
So, fo 

as, a(§, mie, ba, metl, fomie, fo, 
fofent 

thus, fo alfo, auf biefe 5lrt 
how, mie 
well, gut, mobl 
ill, fcl)lec()t 

like, gleid), ci^nlict), febetrtbar 
else, attber§, fonft, mo nicf)t, 
aufcerbem 
otherwise, attber§ 


f f e it f) e i t .—Adverbs of Manner . 
slowly, tangfam 
separately, getrennt, befottber§ 
together, gufaninteit 
somehow, auf ivgeitb eine 5lrt 
however, jebod) 
aloud, laut 

apart, bcifeit£, abgefoifbert 
asunder, entgroci, att^einanber 
amiss, unpaffettb, unrcd)t, falfcb 
in vain, bergeblid) 
in brief, frirg, iu ber ®itrge 


40 


2) a 8 UmftanbSttort. 


headlong, mit belli ft'opfe 
ltnbefonneit 

happily, glitdtidjer SSkife 
2)ie meiften StbOcrbieit nuf 

d. 51 bt>erbieit be§ 

here, §ier, f)ierf)er 
there, ba, bort 
where, mo, tool)tit? 
hence, Don Ijter, fort, meg 
thence, turn bn, bafjer, Doit bort 
whence, looker, baljer, moratt§ 
hither, f)ievtjer 
thither, baftin, bortljin 
whither, moljiit nud) intnter 
herein, tjierin 
therein, bariit 
wherein, moritt 


fast, feft, ftavf, unbemeglid), ftanb* 

trippingly, flint, [trailrfjctiib 
5(bberbieit ber 53efd)affenC)eit. 

t e §>. — Adverbs of Place. 

nowhere, itirgeitbS 
everywhere, liberal! 
yonder, bariiber 
far, olf, meit, meg 
away, meg 
aside, bcijeite 
aloof, entfernt, InbmcirtS 
up, down, nuf, ab 
in, out, in, ait§ 
hack, ^ttriicf, Ijiitten 
forth, bormttrtS, fort 
forwards, oormcirtS 


e. §1 b D e r 0 i e n be: 

now, jc^t 
when, mann, mettit 
then, baitit 
ever, je 
never, me 
always, intnter 
already, fdjoit 
as, mie 

while, mciljrenb 
before, bercit§, Dormer 
after, nacfjbem, pentad) 
immediately, fofort 
hitherto, bi§ t)ierl)er 
hereafter, in 3nfnnft 
since, feit 

f. SS e r it e i n e it b e 5X b t> 

not, itidjt 
nay, no, neitt 

not at all, not in t 


r 3eit .—Adverbs of Time. 

lately, fitr^id) 
early, both, ^eitig 
again, mie ber 
often, oft 

sometimes, ntitnnter, ntaitd)mal 

seldom, feltcn 

daily, tag (id) 

forever, emig 

to-day, Ijcute 

to-morrow, morgen 

yesterday, geftern 

till, bi§ 

yet, nod) 

just, eben 

anon, fogteidj, bantt ttitb mann 

e r b i e n.— Adverbs of Negation. 

nowise, feine§meg$ 
by no means, bureaus ttid)t 
he least, gon§ uitb gar nid)t 


£> a s U m ft a n b g to o r t. 


41 


g. 33 c j a I) e it b c b o e r 

yea, yes, aye, ja 
indeed, loirflid) 
surely, fid)cvltd) 
verely, toirfUdj 
certainly, fidjerfid) 


ien. — Adverbs of Affirmation. 
really, lotrHid) 

of course, natiirhd), Oerfteljt ftc^ 
to be sure, freilid) 
amen, amen 
in truth, nmljrlidj 


h. 3fbDerbten be§ S^eifelS.— Adverbs of Doubt. 

perhaps, uietleitfjt may be, t)ieHeid)t 

probably, ttmljrfdjeinticlj perchance. t>ieflcid)t r ungeffifjr 


i. 3lb0erbieu be§ ©rabe§, ber Sfteitge it. f. to.— Adverbs of 
Degree, Quantity , etc. 


much, Diet 
more, nteljr 
most, am meifteit 
mostly, nteiftenS 
little, loeuig 
partly, tf)cil3 
all, att, a lie, alle§ 
quite, gatt^, gcirt^ttc^ 
less, locniger 
least, am loenigfteu 
very, fel)r 


too, su 
as, aB 

enough, gcitug 
nearly, faft 
entirely, gcingtic^ 
so, fo 

just, gerabe 
fully, Do dig 
generally, gemotpiUcfy 
wholly, gdnslicl) 


j. 31 b 0 cr 0 i eit b e 3 © djlie § e it §.—Adverbs of Closing. 

for instance, sum 33eifpief in short, in brief, furs, etnem 

finally, fdjliefdid) SSort 

at last, sule£t, lastly, enbtic^ viz., ttamltdj 

k. StbOerbieu be§ grageit£. —Adverbs of Question. 

where, loo, toofpn ? when, loann ? why, loavunt ? 

how, toie? how so, loie fo? whence, ioof)cr? 


1. 3f b 0 e v 0 i e it ber 3 rt 0 t. ~Adverbs of Number. 
once, eiumat; twice, s^eimal; thrice, brcintaf. 


m. b 0 e r l) i e it ber Orb n u it g.— Adverbs of Order. 
firstly, erftenS ; secondly. sireitenS. 


42 


2) a § Serfyftltnifjtoort. 


TIL ©crfjtiltuiftmurtcr.- Pi-epositions. 


A, an, in, 511 . I go a fishin, 
aboard, §u ©djiffe. We will 
$3 orb getjeu. 

about, uni, Ijcrunt, iiber 
above, iiber, oben 
across, qiteriiber 
after, nod) 

against, gegeit, briber 
along, IcingS 
amid, amidst, mitten in 
among, amongst, unter 
around, round, urn, umf)er 
at, iiber, in, 511 , cutf, bci 
athwart, qiteriiber, burd) 
before, Dor 
behind, I)inter 
below, unter (Ort) 
beneath, unter 
beside, besides, ttcben 
between, jbrifcfjen 
betwixt, jnrifdjeit, unter 
beyond, jeufeit§, bariiber 
but, bi§ nuf (but one, bi£ nuf einen) 
by, burd), bott, bei 
concerning, bctrcffenb 
down, (jerab, Ijeruntcr 
during, mciijreitb 
ere, bor (ere noon, bor SDiittag) 
except, excepting, aitjjer 
for, fi'tr, tbcgeit 
from, bon, au» 
in, in 

into, Ijiitein, in^ 


;, id) gel)c fifteen. 

go aboard the vessel, nrir merbeit an 

notwithstanding, uugeadjtet 
of, bon 

off, ab, bon, meg 
on, auf 
over, iiber 

past, borbei, bergangeit, boriiber 
respecting, betreffeub 
save, aujser, auSgenommen 
since, feit 
till, until, bi§ 

to, into, 511 , auf, auftbartS, iu§ 
toward, towards, gegen, 511 , itadj, 
ungefafjr 
through, burd) 

throughout, burdjau§, gang burd) 
under, unter ( 3 eit) 
underneath, unter 
up, auf, aufmartS 
upon, auf, an, iiber, au§, in, bei 
with, mit, bei 
without, o^ne 
according to, gemcifj 
contrary to, junriber 
as to, betreffeub 
from beyond, bon }eufeit§ 
from out, bon au§ (au§) 
in stead of, anftatt 
out of, au§ (out of a river, au§ 
einem ^ytnffe. 


Till. S3inbcttJort.—Conjunction. 

and, nub as (as as) fo, brie 

as, ba as well as, fornot)! a !3 

because, ba, meil but, aber 


2) q S 33 i it b e it) o r t. 


43 


except, auger, au§genommeit 
for, beun 

furthermore, ferner 
if, menu 

lest, auger, barnit nicgt 
notwithstanding, uitgeacgtet, ob= 
gteirg 

moreover, itberbieg 
nor, uocl) 
or, ober 

provided, menu nur 
since, meif, ba 


still, beititocg 
than, af§ 
that, bag 
then, bairn 

though, although, wdiat though, 
obgfeicg 

unless, auger, menu ntcf)t r e§ marc 
bcint 

whether, ob 
whereas, bagingegen 
yet, febocg, bcnitod) 
wherefore, me^gafb 


IX. (yinpgubungsuurtcr (Snterjeffionen).—Interjections. 


0 ! of)! briicft (Svnft au§. Sofgenbe britcfen Stamten, SSermuitberung 
uitb Sdjrecfeit au§ : Hah ! ha ! what (ma§) ! h'm ! heigh ! indeed ! 
hey-day ! la ! whew ! eh ! ah ! oh ! zounds (junt pettier)! (Surge 
unb SDHtfeib : Oh ! alas ! ad)! feiber ! all! ad)! $ergttfigen uitb SBei* 
fad : Aha! ah! oh ! hey ! eh ! huzzah, gurrag, i^eifa ! bravo ! $Ber= 
acgtuitg : Pshaw, pag ! fie, pfui! poh ! tush ! bah ! humph ! off! 
avaunt, meg ! begone, meg ! 5lufmerffamfeit, fftuf: Ho ! lo ! behold, 
fief)! look, fief)! hark, gore ! hollo ! hallow ! wlioh ! st! Scgmcigcu : 
Hush ! hist! whist! 'st ! aw ! mum ! grageit : Eh ? hem ober h’m ? 
©ittbecfuitg : Aha ! oho ! ay-ay ! Sadjeu : ha, ha, ha ! he, he, he ! 
©rug, ?(bfd)ieb§grug : Welcome, SBtdfomnteu! hail, §eif! all-liail! 
adieu ! good-by ! good day ! good evening! 


©orfifficn.—Prefixes. 


A, au, tit, au 
a, bon 

a, an, ogne, nicgt 
ab, abs, a, bolt 

ad, a, ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, 
as, at, ^u 

ambi, amb, am, urn 
amphi, beibe, gerum 
ana, auf, gurfid, burcg 
ante, bor 

anti, ant, gegett, eittgegeit 
apo, ap, bon 


be, bei, gegeit, fiber 
bi, bis, §mei, jmeimal 
cata, cat, nieber 
circum, circu, gerum, itm 
con, co, col, com, cor, mit, 
famuteit, gaitjficg 
contra, contro, counter, gegeit 
de, nieber, bon 
dia, burcg 

dis, di, dif, nicgt, abgefoitbert 
dis, di, jmeintal, 5 mei 
dys, fcgfecgt 


35 o r f i l b c n. 


44 

e, ec, ef, ex, au§ 
en, em, in, an 
epi, ep, auf 
en, ef, gut 
extra, nufjer 
for, nid)t, boil 
fore, borljer 
hyper, iiber, fenfeitS 
hypo, uittcr 
in, il, in, im, ir, uidjt 
inter, gmifd)en 
intro, brtnnen, t)inein 
meta, met, jenfeit^ 
mis, unrest 
mono, attcin 
non, nid)t 
ob, o, oe, of, op, gegen, babor 
oft, bon, meg 
out, aufjer 
over, fiber 

para, par, uugleicf), nebeneinanber 
per, burcf) 


poly, bide 
post, nad) 
pre, bor, border 
pro, par, fiir 
pro, border 
re, guriid, mieber 
retro, riicfmfirtS 
se, bei ©cite 
semi, (ja(b 
sine, o()ne 

sub, sus, suf, sug, sup, sus, unter 

subter, unter 

super, sur, iiber 

sym, sy, syl, mit, gufantmen 

to, biefeit, ben 

trans, tra, iiber, burdj 

tri, brei, breimal 

ultra, jenfeits 

un. nid)t, an, gegen 

under, unter 

vice, anftatt 

with, gegen, bon 


Suffixes.—5lngdjiingte ©ilbcn. 


able, ible, ble, fdf)tg fein, berur* 
fadjen 

ac, bagu gctjbrig 

aceous, acious, bolt bon, bie ($i= 
gcnfdjaft tjabeit 

acy, im Quftanb fein, bie (Stgen- 
fdjaft fjabcn 

age, im 3uftanb, im Jpanbetn fein, 
eiue 9tngatjt bon 

al, an, bagu get)brig, im £>anbetn 
fein 

ance, ancy, ence, ency, im Qxu 
ftaub fein, tjanbdn 

ant nub ent, einer, metdjer, feienb 

ar, bagu get)brig 


ar, er, einer mddfer, metjr 
ard, einer mctdjer 
ary, einer metier, ein $tnjg mo 
ate, tjabeub, einer mddjer, mactjen 
cle, cule, ttein 

dom, im 3uftanb fein, ©ebiet bon 
ee, einer mctdjcni u. f. m. 
eer, ier, einer meldjer 
en, madjcn, gemadjt au$ 
ery, ry, ein $ta£ mo, Slngaljl, Stunft 
81 * 

escence, escent, im SBerben begviffeu 

ess, meibtid), 

est, meift 

ette, kin, ling, let, ock, ftcin 


$ n g c Ij a n g t e @ i 1 b c it. 


45 


fill, bolt bon, bcrurfadjeitb 
fy, marfjen 

hood, ness, ini guftanb fein 
is, ical, gemadjt bon, baju gefjorig 
ics, ic, SBiffcnfdjcift bon 

id, ©igenfdjaft, basn gefjorig 

ie, y, Rein 

ine, ba 5 n gcfjorig 
ing, bie £()at, fortfafjrcnb 
ion, sion, tion, £()at bon, int gn* 
ftanb fein 

ise, ize, madjcn, geben 
ish, ctiuag, loie, madjen 
ism, Sefjre, int gnftanb fein 
ist, or, ster, einer metier 
ite, einer loeldjer ift, feienb 
ity, ty, tude, y, th, im guftanb, 
in ber (Sigcnfdjaft fein 

9(bfur$utigen.- 

A. D. y anno domini, im gafjre beg 
§errn 

set., aetatis, im fitter 

A. M., SBormittag, doctor ber 
n. f to. 

anon., anonprn 
ans., answer, ^Intioort 

ay. ober ave., SIKcc, Strafe 
att’y, attorney, Slnttmlt 

B. C., bor Gnjriftug 

cf. , confer, bergleidje 

Co., company, county, (befell- 
fetjaft, (£ountp 

Coll., College, ©tpnnafium, GfoB 
teftor. 

Ctvv., hundredweight, Centner 
E., east, off! id), Often 
e. g., exempli gratia, 511 m 33eU 
fpiet 


ive, einer ibeldjer, bie 9.1cndp (jaOen 
ix, toeiCdid) 
less, ofjne 
ly, loie, 9lrt 

ment, im gnftanb fein, berjenige 
loeldjcr 

mony, im gnftanb fein, bag loeldjeg 
ory, betreffenb, $la£ loo, ein $>htg, 
loeldjeg 

ose, ous, y, bolt bon, fjabenb 
pie, mat 

ship, im gnftanb fein, ein 9 tmt 
some, bolt bon, bernrfadjenb 
ulent, boll bon 

ure, im gnftanb, im §anbeht, bag 
loeldjeg 

ward, wards, bie 9?id)tnng bon 
wise, bie 9lrt, 2 Beife 

Abbreviations. 

Pres., President, ^rcifibent 
pro temp., for the time being, 
temporcir 

pwt., pennyweight, ^fenniggcioidjt 
R.R., railroad, (Sifentmtjn 
Sec., secretary, (Sefretcir 
sq. ft., square foot, Ouabratfu§ 

St., street, (Strafje, Saint, Sanft 
Supt., superintendent, (Superintend 
bent 

tr., transpose, trangponire 
U. S. A., United States of Ame¬ 
rica, SSereinigte ©taaten 
viz., videlicet, neimtief) 
vol., volume, 33anb 
vs., versus, gegen 

N., 9corben; S., (Sitbeit; W., SSeften; 
E., Often 
at, $u 



46 


Slljnirj ungen. 


Eng., England, Gsmglaitb, engtifd) 
etc., et caetera, ober &, u. a., 
u. f. to. 

ex, example, SBeifptel 

ft., foot, feet, gufe 

Gov., governor, ©ouOenteur 

hlid., hogshead, Ojljoft 

id., idem, berfelbe 

i. e., id est, bci§ ift 

Jr., junior, ber Suugere 

1., line, 3<hle; 11., lines, 3eilen 

L. L.D., Doctor of Laws, doctor 
ber Dtedjte 

M. , Meridian, 5D2eribian ober 
SWittag 

M.O., Member of Congress, Sons 
gvejjmitgtieb 

min., minutes, Mnuten 
mo., month, 9J?onat 
M.S., manuscript, Sftanufcript 
mt., mountain, ^3erg 
p., page, (Seite; pp., pages, SeD 
ten 

Ph.D., Doctor of Philosophy, 
3)oftor ber $l)ilofopf)ie 
P.M., Postmaster, ^oftmeifter 


acct. ober a/c, in Sftedptung 
bbl., barrel, ga§ 
bu., bushel, 53ufcl)el (99?afj) 
c. ober ct., cent, Sent 
Cr., credit, ©rebit 
C.O.D., collect on delivery, codec* 
tire be int ^tbtiefern 
do., ditto, same, baffelbe 
doz., dozen, 2)ujjenb 
Dr., debtor, (Sdjulbiter 
gal., gall., ©ahone 
hdkf., handkerchief, £afcfjentttd) 
mdse., merchandise, bie SSanre 
Messrs., Messieurs, gentlemen, 
§errctt 

No., number, 3<rf)l 

oz., ounce, Unje 

pay’t, payment, 3al)lung 

%, per cent., fitr §unbert, $rocent 

P. 0., post office, ^oftamt 

lb., pound, ^Pfunb 

qt., quart, Duart 

rec’d, received, erl)alten 

yd., yard, ©be 

$, dollar, dollar 

& Co., and Company, unb ©o. 


donate unb Xa ge.—Months and Days. 


Jan., January, gannar 
Eeb., February, gebruar 
Mar., March, 9Kcir§ 

Apr., April, Slpril 

May, May, 9ftat 

June, June, guitt 

July, July. Suit 

Aug., August, $uguft 

Sept.; September, (September 

Oct., October, October 


Nov., November, 9?oOentber 
Dec , December, December 

Sun., Sunday, (Soitntag 
Mon., Monday, 9Montag 
Tues., Tuesday, SOienftcig 
Wed., Wednesday, Mtttood) 
Thurs., Thursday, 2)oituer§tag 
Fri., Friday, greitag 
Sat., Saturday, (Souncibcnb 


inst., instant, ber gegcmoiirttge Sftoitat; ult., ultimo, int lenten SOlonat 
prox., proximo, int ucidjf'ten Sffionat 


3al)ln)orter. 


47 


Sftfjltoortcr.—Numerals; 

© r u n b 5 a I) I c rt.— Cardinal Numbers . 
0 , naught, zero, cipher, ^utt. 


1 , one 

15, fifteen 

29, twenty-nine 

?•, two 

16, sixteen 

30, thirty 

3, three 

17, seventeen 

31, thirty-one 

4, four 

18, eighteen 

32, thirty-two 

5, five 

19 y nineteen 

40, forty 

6 , six 

20 , twenty 

50, fifty 

7, seven 

21 , twenty-one 

60, sixty 

8 , eight 

22 , twenty-two 

70, seventy 

9, nine 

23, twenty-three 

80, eighty 

10 , ten 

24, twenty-four 

90, ninety 

11 , eleven 

25, twenty-five 

100 , hundred 

12 , twelve 

26, twenty-six 

200 , two hundred 

13, thirteen 

27, twenty-seven 

300, three hundred 

14, fourteen 

28, twenty-eight 

1000 , thousand 


1889, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine. 
1 , 000 , 0000 , one million. 1 , 000 , 000 , 000 , one billion. 

0rbitung§sal)le n .—Ordinal Numbers. 


1 ) the first, her erfte 

2 ) the second, ber jtneite 

3) the third, ber britte 

4) the fourth, ber bierte 

5) the fifth, ber fiinfte 

6 ) the sixth, ber fecfjfte 

7 ) the seventh, ber fiebente 

8 ) the eighth, ber adjte 

9) the ninth, ber neunte 

10 ) the tenth, ber jeljnte 

11 ) the eleventh, ber elfte 

12 ) the twelfth, ber ^luolfte 

13) the thirteenth, ber breijefjnte 

14) the fourteenth, ber bierjefjnte 
15; the fifteenth, ber fimfjeljitte 

16) the sixteenth, ber fedjjclptte 

17) the seventeenth, fiebjetjntc 


18) the eighteenth, adjtjefjnte 

19) the nineteenth, neuujdiute 

20 ) the twentieth, jttmitjigfte 

21 ) twenty-first, einunbjtDoi^igfte 

22 ) twenty-second, jJDeiunbjroait* 

jiflfte 

23) twenty-third, breiunbjHjan* 

jiflfte 

30) the thirtieth, ber brei§igfte 

31) the thirty first, ber etnunb* 
breijjigfte 

40) the fortieth, ber bierjigfte 
50) the fiftieth, ber ji'uijjicjfte 
60) the sixtieth, ber fecljjigfte 
70) the seventieth, ber fiebenjigfte 
80) the eigthieth, ber acljtjigfte 


90) the ninetieth, ber ueuttjigfte 
100 ) the hundreth, ber ljunbertfte 
1000 ) the thousandth, ber taufenbfte 
1 , 000 , 000 ) the millionth, ber miUioiifte 


48 


5) i c @ t a a t e rt. 


2)ic Staatcn. 

Ala., Alabama 
Ark., Arkansas 
Cal., California 
Col., Colorado 
Conn., Connecticut 
Del., Delaware 
Fla., Florida 
Ga., Georgia 
Ill., Illinois 
Ind., Indiana 
Iowa, Iowa 
Kans., Kansas 
Ky., Kentucky 
La., Louisiana 
Me., Maine 
Md , Maryland 
Mass., Massachusetts 
Mich., Michigan 
Minn., Minnesota 
Miss., Mississippi 
Mo., Missouri 
N. Dak., North Dakota 
Nebr., Nebraska 
Nev., Nevada 
N. H., New Hampshire 


—The States. 

N. J., New Jersey 
N. Y., New York 

N. C., North Carolina 

O. , Ohio 
Greg., Oregon 
Pa., Pennsylvania 

R. I., llhode Island 

S. C., South Carolina 
Tenn., Tennessee 
Tex., Texas 

Vt., Vermont 

Va., Virginia 

W. Va., West Virginia 

Wis., Wisconsin 

Alaska, Alaska 

Ariz., Arizona 

Idaho, Idaho 

Ind. T., Indian Territory 

Mont., Montana 

U. S., United States 

N. Mex., New Mexico 

Utah, Utah 

Wash., Washington Terr. 

Wyo., Wyoming 

D. C., Dist. of Columbia 



fPvittev gUjfdjttiti. 

van aiel^chxritudjtcit giUavtetrn. 


2) i c $ am i li e. 


the cousin 


$te Safe, 'j 
bie (Soufine, I 
bet Setter, 
ber Souftn, 
bie Sraut, the bride 
ber Srautigam, the bridegroom 


ber Sruber, the brother 

ber Surfcfye, the young man 

ber Gstycmamt, the husband 

bie Styefrau, the wife 

bie (Stterrt, the parents 

ber ©nfet, grandson 

bie ©nfelitt, grand daughter 

bie $rau, the woman 

ber (Miebte, the lover 

bie (Seliebte, the sweetheart 

ber ©reig, the old man 

bie QJrofjmutter, the grandmother 

ber ©rofcbater, the grandfather 

ber 2>ungefeUe, the bachelor 

ber ^iingttng, the youth 

bie alte Jungfrau, the old maid 

bie Jungfrau, the virgin, maid 

bag ®irtb, the child 

ber ftnabe, the boy 

©efdjmifter, sisters and brothers 

ber 2Jiann, the man 

bag 9Jlabc^ert, the girl 

bie 3Jlutter, the mother 


The Family, 
ber Dleffe, the nephew 
bie 9iidj>te, the niece 
ber Dljcim, the uncle 
ber $atf;e, the godfather 
ber ©d)mager, the brother-in-law 
bie Sdjtoageritt, the sister-in-law 
bie Sdjftefter, the sister 
ber Sdjlmegerfcaier, the father-in-law 
bie ©d)miegerrnutter, the mother-in-law 
ber ©ciugting, the baby 
ber ©d)lt>iegerfol)n, the son-in-law 
bie ©djmiegertocfyier, the daughter-in- 
law 

ber ©tieffofyn, the step-son 
bie ©ticftodjter, the step-daughter 
ber ©ofytt, the son 
bie £ocf)ter, the daughter 
bte Santc, the aunt 
bie 23aife, the orphan 
ber 2Bittmer, the widower 
bie ©ittme, the widow 
bie Sermanbte, the relatives 
bie Serfoanbtfd)aft,the relation, kindred 
bie Sorfatyren, the ancestors 
ber Sormunb, the guardian 
ber Urgrofjbater. the great grandfather 
bie ttrgr ofjmutter, the great grand¬ 
mother 


$ie £tyeile beg m ett f dj l i d? e n The Parts of the Human 
$5rf>erg. Body. 

3)ie 2ld)fel, the shoulder bag fcii^nerauge, the corn 

bie 2I#[elgrube, the arm-pit bie 5lel)le, the throat 


49 


50 


SBorterbergeicfynift. 


bie 2fber, the artery, the vein 
bie 2lber, (golDne) hemorrhoids 
ber 2tfter, the buttocks 
ber Slfterbarm, the strait-gut 
bag Sluge, the eye 

ber 2lugapfet, the pupil, the eye-ball 
bie Slugenbraue, the eye-brow 
bie Stugen^o^le, the eye-hole 
ber 2tugenftinf, the eye-wink 
bag SlugenUb, the eyelid 
bie 93acfe, the cheek 
ber SBacfertbart, the whiskers 
bag SBatfengriibdjen, the dimple 
ber SBacfcnfrtodjeit, the jaw-bone 
ber 23acfcngaljn, the grinder 
ber 33art, the beard 
ber 23audj, the belly, womb, abdomen 
bag 33cin, the leg 
bie S3tafe, the bladder 
ber 33tafenftcin, the stone in the 
bladder 

bag 33tut, the blood 
bie $Hutaber, the bloodvessel 
ber SBIutgtropfen, the drop of blood 
bie 33ruft, the breast, chest, bosom 
ber 23ruftfnodjen, the breast bone 
bie SBrufttoarje, the nipple, teat 
ber SBufert, the bosom 
ber Saumen, the thumb 
bie ©irtgeitmbe, the entrails, intestines, 
bowels 

ber ©llbogea, the elbow 

bie $auft, the fist 

bie $erje, the heel 

bag $erfenbein, the heel-bone 

ber finger, the finger 

bag $ingcrgtieb, the joint of a finger 

bie $ingertyil3e, the finger’s^end 

bag $Ieifd), the flesh 

bie $feif<fjfa?er, the fibre 

bie $ingeritmnbc, the flesh-wound 

ber $uj 3 , the foot 

bie fjujjbicge, the instep 

ber ^ujjfnodjel, the ankle 

bie $ujjfofyle, the sole of the foot 


bie ^efylaber, the jugular vein 
ber ^ef;lfo£f, the larynx, Adams-ap^Ie 
ber $eljlfaut, the guttural sound 
bag $imt, the chin 
ber $innbaden, the jaw-bone 
bag $ttie, the knee 
bie ^niefetjfe, the bend of the knee 
bie .^niefd;eibe, the knee-pan 
ber $nod)el, (£>anb) the knuckle 
ber $nodf)eI, (§u§) the ankle 
• ber $nocf;en, the bone 
bag ^nodjertgerippe, the skeleton 
ber $norbet, the cartilage, gristle 
ber £opf, the head 
bag ^opffyaar, the hair of the head 
bie $opffyaut, the scalp 
bie $opfftimme, the throat-voice 
ber $opfjdjmcr*, the head-ache 
bie 5£eber, the liver 
bie Seberflecfen, freckles, the mole 
ber £cib, the body, belly, waist 
bie Sertbett, the loin, hip, thigh 
bie Stype, the lip 
bie 2ocfe, the curl 
bie Suftrofyre, the wind-pipe 
bie Sungeit, the lungs 
ber 9ftagen, the stomach 
ber SJiagcnfaft, the gastric-juice 
ber aftenfd), the man 
bie SJlUj, the milt 
ber Hftitnb, the mouth 
bie -Iftunbftemme, the lock-jaw 
ber •JKunblninfet, the corner of the 
mouth 

bie SJlugM, the muscle 
ber -ftaget, the nail 
bie -Jiafe, the nose 

ber -Kafenflugel, the wing of the nose 
bie -iftafenfujjpe, the point of the nose 
ber -ftafenfaut, the nasal sound 
bag -ftafentod), the nostril 
ber -Kerb, the nerve, sinew 
bie 9tteren, the kidneys 
bag Dtyr, the ear 
bag Dfyrfajtydjen, the ear-flap 


o r t c r fc> e r 5 e i dj n i fj. 


51 


ber ^fufoefye, the toe 
ba§ $iifjd)en, the small foot 
bie ©alle, the gall, bile 
bie ©atfetiblafe, the gall-bladder 
ber ©aumen, the palate 
ba§ ©efrcijs, (gemein) jaws, mouth 
bie ©ebdrme, the intestines, bowels 
ba§ ©c^irn, the brains 
ba§ ©elenf, the joint, knuckle 
ba§ ©enicf, the nape, neck 
bie ©ejdjtecfyt^tljeUe, the genitals 
ba3 ©efdjtoiir, the sore, ulcer, tumor 
ba§ ©ejtdjt, the face, countenance, 
sight 

bie ©eficbtSberjerrung, the grimace 

bie ©efidjt§siige, the features 

ba3 ©tteb, the member, limb 

bie ©ftebmajjen, the limbs 

bie ©urgel, the throat 

bie ©urgelaber, the jugular vein 

bag £aar, the hair 

ber £aartoud)$, the growth of hair 

ber §ctl§, the neck 

bie <panb, the hand 

bag <banbgetenf, 1 . 

r V the wrist 
bte §anbttmrsel, i 

bie fiacre £anb, the palm 

bie £aut, the skin 

ber <pautfarbe, the color of the skin, 
complexion 
bag <per;$, the heart 
bie fceragrube, the pit of the heart 
bag ^erjflobfen, the palpitation of the 
heart 

bag §irn, the brain 

ber fiirnfdjabel, 1 . . „ , 

.. J\ ' f r the skull, brain-pan 
bie £trnf$ale, J ’ r 

bie $iifte, the hip, haunch 

bag £iiftbein, the hip-bone 

$ r an f $ etten. 

®ie Slugenen^iinbung, inflammation of 
the eyes 

Slugen, toetye, sore eyes 

ber Slugfdjlag, the eruption, pimples 


bie ^orcn, the pores 

ber the pulse 

bie ^ulgaber, the artery 

bie 9iippe, the rib 

ber Sti’ufen, the back 

bag 91ucfgrat, the backbone, spine 

bag 9iiicfgratgbein, the spinal bone 

bie Stunjet, the wrinkle 

ber ©djenfel, the thigh, shank 

bag ©djienbein, the shin-bone 

bie ©djtafe, the temples 

ber ©djteim, the slime, phlegm, mucus 

ber ©cfytunb, the throat 

ber ©rf>nurrbart, the mustache 

bie ©cfjutter, the shoulder 

bag ©djulterbein, the shoulder-bone 

bag ©djultcrblatt, the shoulder-blade 

ber ©djtoeijj, the perspiration, sweat 

bie ©eljne, the sinew 

ber ©peidjel, the saliva, spittle 

bie ©timrne, the voice 

bie ©time, the forehead 

bag ©tirnbein, the forehead-bone 

bie X^rane, the tear 

bie Sfyrdnenbrufe, the lachrymal gland 

bie Unfertile, the under-lip 

ber Unterleib, the abdomen, belly 

ber Urin, the urine, water 

ber SSolIbart, the fullbeard 

bie 2Babe, the calf 

bag SBabenbcin, the shin-bone 

bie SEBimper, the eye-lash 

ber 3 afyn, the tooth 

ber 3&!)nfdjmerg, the tooth-ache 

bag 3atynfleifc§, the gum 

bie 3ebe, the toe 

bie Barren, the tears 

bie 3unge, the tongue 

Diseases. 

ber $euc§§uften, the whooping-cough 
ber ftfltarr^, the catarrh 
ber ^opffcfymerg, the headache 
ber $rebg, the cancer 


52 


SBbrterberaeidjnifj. 


bie Seflemmung, the oppression 
be: SBeinbrucf), fracture of the leg 
bie Settle, the bruise 
bie Slattern, the smallpox 
ber Stutfturg, the hemorrhage 
ber Sranb, fyeifje, gangrene 
ber Sranb, falte, mortification 
bie Sraune, the croup 
bie Sruftfetfentgiinbimg, the pleurisy 
bie 23rond)iti§, the bronchitis 
bie Gfyotera, the cholera 
bie Sibfyterie, the diphteria 
bie IDrufen, the glands 
ber ®«rdjfall, the diarrhea 
ber (Siter, the pus, matter 
bie (Sngbriiitigfcit, the asthma 
ba§ ©rbrcdjen, the vomiting 
bie ©rfciltung, a cold 
bie $aflfud)t, the epilepsy 
ba§ $ieber, the fever 
ba§ falte $ieber, the ague, chills 
bie ft-ledjten, the herpes 
bie $roftbeule, a chilblain 
ba§ ©erftenforn, the sty 
bie ©elbfudjt, the jaundice 
ba§ ©efcfjtoiir, the abscess, ulcer, boil 
bie ©efdjttmlft, the tumor, swelling 
bie ©rijtye, influenza 
bie £>al£brdune, the quinsy 
bie §dmorrI;oiben, the piles 
bie ©idjt, the gout, rheumatism 
bie §eiferfeit, the hoarsness 
ba§ ^er^flopfen, the palpitation of the 
heart 

ber £uften, the cough 

e b i 5 i n e n. 

®er 2 trfenif, the arsenic 

ber 2 Ufol)ol, the alcohol 

ba§ Ammonium, the ammonia 

ba§ 2 lbfii^rmittel, the physic, cathartic 

ber Salbrian, the valerian 

bie Sredjftmrj, the ipecacuanha 

ba§ ©fyinin, the quinine 

ber $ampfer, the camphor 


bie $ra£e, the itch 
bie $rdm£fe, the cramps 
bie Sdl;mung, the paralysis 
ba§ Seberleiben, the liver-complaint 
ba§ Seibfdjnciben, 


| pains in the bowels 


ber Seibfcfymers, 
bie Sungenentjiinbung, the pneumonia 
bie 9Jlafern, the measels 
ba§ 92erbmfieber, typhoid or nervous 
fever 

bie ^eft, the pest, plague 
bie Quctftfmng, the contusion 
ber 31l;eumati£mu§, the rheumatism 
eine an be 2 lrt, the neuralgia 
bie S^ufyr, the dysentery 
ber ©ctylaganfall, the apoplexy 
ba§ ©djarladjficber, the scarlet fever 
ber ©dufertoaljnjtnn, the delirium 
tremens 

ber Sd&nupfen, a cold 

bie ©djftnnbfudjt, the consumption 

ba§ ©eitenftedjen, the pain in the side 

ber ©djtoinbel, the vertigo 

ber SBafynfinn, the insanity 

bie ©afferfudjt, the dropsy 

SSerbauung, fdjtedjte, the dyspepsia 

ba3 SDBedjfelfieber, the chills 

ba§ Untoofyljein, the illness, complaint 

ber Slnfall, the attack 

ber Sliicffalt, the relapse 

bie ©enefung, the recovery 

bie ©rlcidjterung, the relief 

bie Slnftecfung, the contagion, infection 

ber patient, the patient 


Medicines. 

ber ©fyloroform, the chloroform 
ber ©n^ian, the gentian 
ba§ ©Ifyjerin, the glycerine 
bie £afri£e, ©iifjljolg, the licorice 
baS Saubatium, the laudanum 
ba§ 3ttorpfyium, the morphine 
bie 9l§abarber, the rhubarb 


SBSrterber^eirfjnifs. 


55 


2) i e © t a b t. 

$>ie 2lfabetnie, the academy 

bic 2lpotf)efe, the drug-store 

ber 2lbtritt, the privey, water-closet 

bie 23anf, the bank 

ber SBa$n$of, the depot 

bie 23ibttot£ef, the library 

bie 33orfc, the exchange 

bie 23rauerei, the brewery 

bie 23riide, the bridge 

ber 'Brunu n, the well 

ber 23urgermeifter, the mayor 

bie ©itdjfyanblung, the book-store 

bie ©ifterne, the cistern 

bag ©omptoir, the office 

bag 'Dacfy, the roof 

bie 2)adj>traufe, the gutter 

bie &ad)ftube, the attic 

bie 2)ede, the ceiling 

bie 2)omfird)e, the cathedral 

bag Sorf, the village 

bie Srofdjfe, the cab 

ber debater, the elevator 

bie Jabrif, the factory 

bie ftdfjre, the ferry 

bie tfeuerroefyr, the fire-department 

ber $iafer, the hack 

bag ©ag, the gas 

bie ©affc, the alley 

ber ©arten, the garden 

bag ©ebdube, the building 

ber ©ottegader, the cemetery 

bag ©rab, the grave 

ber £afen, the harbor 

bag §aug, the house 

bie §auptftabt, the metropolis 

ber £augft>irt§, the landlord 

2)ie $ lei bung. 

©toffe, ©tudgiiter, dry-goods 

2tlpafa, alpaca 

2ttlag, satin 

iBarcpent, fustian 

SBatift, cambric 

©afimir, kersey 


The City. 

bie Oodjicpule, the high-school 
ber £of, the yard 
bag #ofpitat, the hospital 
ber ^olgftall, the wood-shed 
bag £>otel, the hotel 
ber $anal, the sewer 
bie $ird)e, the church 
ber $ird;tpurm, the steeple 
bag ^ranfenfyaug, the hospital 
bie Sftauer, the wall 
ber aftarft, the market 
bag 'Dlonument, the monument 
bag Dpernfyaug, the opera-house 
ber $J3alaft, the palace 
ber ^arf, the park 
bie ^iferbeeif enbafyn, the horse-car 
ber ^Solijift, the policeman 
ber ^tanbftein, ■. , 

ber gefftein, j the curb 
bag ^atppaug, the city hall 
bie 3teftauration, the restaurant 
bie ©djule, the school 
ber ©eitemeeg, the side-walk 
bie ©trafte, the street 
bag Xelegrappenamt, the telegraph- 
office 

bag Sweater, the theatre 
bag Xreibfyaug, the green-house 
ber £f)urm, the steeple, tower 
bie SSeranba, the veranda 
bie $8orftabt, the suburb 
bie SBafferleitung, the aqueduct 
bag 2Birtb§tyaug, the inn, tavern 
bag 2Bofynpaug, the dwelling-house 
ber gug, train 

Clothing. 

$afimir, cassimere 
Seintoanb, linen 
■Uierino, merino 
3ftancpefter, velveteen 
$Piqu6, quilting 
plush 


54 


2 B o r t e r b e r 3 e i dj n i fj. 


©ambrif, cambric 
©rep, crape 
$uttertu<f>, lining 
flannel, flannel 
©age, gauze 
©ingam, gingham 
£embengeug, shirting 
$attun, calico 

Slug mag © t it d g it t e r g e m a d; t 
finb. 

SaurnmoUe, cotton 
Stfyacagarn, alpaca 
33autnmollengarn, spool-cotton 
$tadjg, flax 
§anf, hemp 

2Cag mir tragcn. 

2)er 2ln§ug, the suit of cloth 

bag 23anb, the ribbon 

ber $auft§anbfdjufy, the mitten 

bie ©amafdje, the gaiter 

bag <petrb, the shirt 

bag $algtud), the cravat 

bie ftalgbinbe, the neck-tie 

ber £>anbfd)ufy, the glove 

bie ©lac^anbfdjufye, the kid gloves 

ber §ut, the hat, bonnet 

ber $il$ut, the felt-hat 

ber ©eibenljmt, the silk-hat 

ber ©tro^ut, the straw-hat 

bie <pofen, the trousers, pantaloons 

bie <paugfd)u§e, the slippers 

bie ^ade, the jacket 

bie SJlanfdjetten, the cuffs 

ber $ragen, the collar 

ber SJlantel, the cloak 

bag Slac^t^emb, the night-shirt 

bie 9Jlu£e, the cap 

ber 9iod, the coat 

ber Ueberrod, the overcoat 

bie ©djurje, the apron 

ber ©trumbf, the stocking, hose 

ber ©oden, the sock 

bag Safctyentudj, the handkerchief 

bag Umfdjlagetudj, the shawl 


©arnmet, velvet 
©eibe, silk 

©eibenbamaft, silk-velvet 
©arfdje, serge 
©egcltud;, duck 
£ud;, broad-cloth 
3M, tulle 

Of what Dry Goods are 
made. 

$ameelgarn, mohair 
©eibe, silk 
SBolle, wool 
SBollengarn, worsted 
ffierg, tow 

What we wear, 
ber Ueberfdjub, the overshoe 
ber Ueberhmrf, the wrapper 
ber Unterrod, the petticoat 
ber ©djnttrleib, the corset 
bie 33ritle, the spectacles, 

Slugengldfer, f eye-glasses 
bie Sufennabel, the breast-pin 
ber §emben?nopf, the stud 
ber 3Jlanfdjettenfnopf, the sleeve-button 
ber $nopf, the button 
bie U^rfette, the watch-chain 
bie U^r, the watch 
ber ©tod, the cane 
ber Siegenfctyirnt, the umbrella 
ber ©onnenfdjirm, the parasol 
bie ©boren, the spurs 
ber U^rfdjluffet, the watch-key 
ber ©iirtel, the belt 
bag SIrmbanb, the bracelet 
ber Sring, the ring 
ber Srautring, the wedding-ring 
ber $d$cr, the fan 
bie $ebcrn, the plumes 
bag Sdfdjcben, the satchel 
ber 9Jhtff, the muff 
ber ©c^leier, the veil 
bie £>aarnabeln, the hair-pins 
bie ©tednabel, the pin 


2B5rterb ergeicfynifj. 


55 


bie SOBefte, the vest 
ber ©tiefel, the boot 
bcr ©djufy, the shoe 


$ a u § g e t a t ^ c. 

$>ie 33anf, the bench 

bag Sucfyerbrett, the bookshelf 

bag ©artapee, the lounge 

bag ©ofa, the sofa 

bag $aminfimg, the mantle-piece 

ber $Ieiberfd;ranf, the wardrobe 

bie ftufcbanf, the foot-stool 

bie $ommobe, the chest of drawers 

bcr Silbcrratymen, the picture-frame 

bag Silb, the picture 

ber Sorfyattg, the curtain 

ber the bolster 

ber gufcte^idj, the rug 

ber ©picgel, the looking-glass, mirror 

ber ©effel, the stool 

ber ©d)aufelftubb the rocking-chair 

ber $ifd), the table 

ber Sluggiefytifd), the extension table 

bag ^iatto, the piano 

bie Drget, the organ 


2) i e © d) l a f ft u b e. 

$)ag Sett, the bed 

bie Settftede, the bed-stead 

bie SBiegc, the cradle 

bie SDecfe, the blanket 

bag Setttud), \ 

bag Scintuc^, } sheet 

bie toattirte 2)ecfe, the quilt 

bag flopfftffen, the pillow 

bie 2Jtatrafce, the mattress 

bie gafynbiirfte, the tooth-brush 


2) i e $ it d) e. 

2)er Sifcfy, the table 

bcr ^odjofcn, the cooking-stove, range 

bag Dfenrofyr, the stove-pipe 

ber ©cfyranf, the cup-board 

ber ©peifcfd)ranf, the closet, pantry 

bie ^fanne, the pan 


bie ©traujsfebern, the ostrich-feathers 
bie ©bi^ett, the lace 


F urniture. 

ber ^Pa^ierforb, the paper-basket 

ber Sogelfdfig, the cage 

ber £ebbid>, the carpet 

bie lU;r, the clock 

bie Safe, the vase 

bie ©tatue, the statue 

bag S^ermometer, the thermometer 

ber $ronIeud)ter, the chandelier 

ber Seucfyter, the candle-stick 

bie Sampe, the lamp 

bie ©tubiriampe, the reading-lamp 

bie $erge, the candle 

bie attune, the flame 

bag £ic£}t, the light 

ber Sidjtfctyirm, the lampshade 

bie Saterne, the lantern 

bag ©ag, the gas 

ber ©timber, the chimney 

ber Srenner, the burner 

ber 2)od}t, the wick 

The Bedroom. 

bie ©eife, the soap 

bag SBafdjbcden, the wash-basin 

ber SBafferfrug, the water-pitcher 

ber ©inter, the bucket 

bag 9lacfytgefd)irr, the chamber-pot 

bag <panbtudj, the towel 

bie Sabetnattne, the bathing-tub 

bie Sampc, the lamp 

ber Sabefdjtoamm, the sponge 


The Kitchen, 
bag Steibeifen, the grater 
bie ©djiiffeln, the dishes 
bag SKcfytfaf!, the flour-barrel 
bag ^orgetfangefdjirr, the china-ware 
ber ©ei^er, the strainer 
bie iEljecfanne, the tea-pot 


56 


aBorterbcraeidjnifj. 


bag SBaffcrglag, the tumpler 

bcr 23ed)cr, the cup 

bic $Iaf$c, the bottle 

bag ©aljfaf}, the salt-box 

bic *PfefferE>u<$fe, the pepper-box 

ber 9iapf, the bowl 

bcr Seller, the plate 

bic ©djiiffel, the dish 

bic ©uppenfdjuffel, the tureen 

bog Sifcfytudj, the table-cloth 

bie ©erbiette, the napkin 

ber ©fftgfrug, the vinegar-jug 

bcr Sal)pen, the rag 

bic ©djru&biirftc, the scrubbing-brush 

ber 23acfofen, the oven 

bic 33ratyfanne, the frying-pan 

bcr Surdjfdjlag, the colander 

ber ©inter, the bucket, pail 

irbeneg ©efdjirr, crockery 

$led)gefd)irr, tin-ware 

bag ipaefmeffer, the chopper 

bie $affeefantte, the coffee-pot 

bie $affcemul;le, the coffee-mill 

ber Soj)f, the pot 

ber $effel, the kettle 

ber $rug, the jug 

bic $anne, the can 

^Platylgeiten 2 c. 

Da§ gritfyftihf, the breakfast 
bag ©abelfrufyftiitf, the luncheon 
bag 9Jlittageffen, the dinner 
bag 9lbenbeffen, the supper 
ber -Kacfjtifcfy, the dessert 
bie -Warning, the food 
bcr ©peifejettel, the bill-of-fare 
bag ©eridjt, the dish 
ber ©djmaug, the banquet 
©ier, eggs 

rccidje ©ier, soft boiled eggs 
Fjarte ©icr, hard boiled eggs 
rolje ©icr, raw eggs 
31ufyreier, scrambled eggs 


bcr geuerfdjirm, the screen 

bic $ofylen, the coal 

bag §olj, the wood 

bag ©ole, the coke 

bag Slngiinbe^olg, the kindling-wood 

bic 2tfcfye, the ashes 

^olgfo^len, charcoal 

■Jftariengtag, ising-glass 

ber Buber, the tub 

bic 2Ba[d)e, the washing 

bcr SBajdjfeffel, the wash-boiler 

bic 2Bafd)flammern, the cloth-pins 

bic SBafdjleine, the cloth-line 

bag 33iigclcifcn, the (smoothing) iron 

ber Siegel, the pan 

bcr Sridjtcr, the funnel 

bag Srandjirmeffer, the carving knife 

ber SSefcftein, the whet-stone, hone 

bag 2Jteffer, the knife 

bie ©abet, the fork 

ber Soffcl, the spoon 

ber $or!giefyer, the cork-screw 

bie Dbertaffe, the cup 

bie Uniertaffe, the saucer 

bag ©lag, the glass 

bag SSeinglag, the wine-glass 


Meals, etc 

©piegeleier, fried eggs 
©ierludjen, omelet 
bcr the dumpling 
Ragout, stew 
©elec, jelly 
©Up!)*/ soup 
©auce, \ 

5Brfi$e, / sauce 
Gutter, butter 
$cife, cheese 
§onig, honey 
^afergrufce, groats 
©alat, salad 


SBorterfcerjeicpnifj. 


57 


51 a cf to e r f. 
$)ie ^aftete, the pie 
ber Rubbing, the pudding 
bcr $ucf)en, the cake 
bic Xorte, the tart 
©onfect, candy 
Simmtfudjen, coffee-cake 
^ettfudjen, dough-nuts 


Pastry. 

©ebdcf, cooky 
©emmetfudjen, muffin 
gtoiebacf, biscuit 
gucfertocrf, candy 
©efrorncg, ice-cream 
©erbftete Srobfd;nitte, toast 


ftleifc!) unb ©eflu 9 el. 
2 >ie ©rattourft, the sausage 
bie Sebertourft, the liver-pudding 
btc &rtacftourft, the smoked sausage 
jie ©otelette, the cutlet, chop 
iyleifdjfdjnttte, steak 
^ammelfleifd), mutton 
£>afenbraten, hare-roast 
Bammfleifdj, lamb 
ber Sratert, the roast 
$albfleifd), veal 
^uttelflecf, tripe 
Senbertbraten, loin 
Senbenftud, sirloin 
■Jliere, kidney 
'Tioftrippt^ert, chop 
Riubfleifcp* beef 
Sdjtoeinefleifd), pork 
SCBilbpret, venison 
SPofelfleijd), corned meat 
9 taucpfleifd), smoked meat 


© e nt il f e. 

2 )er 33 lumenfotyl, the cauliflower 
ber 21 cferlatti$, | 


the cornsalad 


ber gelbfalat, 
bie Sofyrte, the bean 
bie (Sierpflanje, the egg-plant 
bie ©nbitrie, the endive 
bie ©rbfe, the pea 
ber £ofjl, the kale 
bag $raut, the cabbage 
bie flartoffel, the potato 
ber ^iirbifi, the pumpkin 
ber Siebegapfet, the tomato 
bie ©ffiggurfe, the gherkin 


Meats and Poultry, 
©cppfenfeule, leg of mutton 
Jtinberbraten, roast beef 
©djittfen, ham 
bie ©nte, the duck 
bag 23ir!fyul;n, the grouse 
bag ^elbfyutyn, the partridge 
ber the pheasant 

bie ©ang, the goose 
bie SEBilbgattg, the wild goose 
bag §ufm, the chicken 
bag junge £>uf?n, the spring chicken 
bag ^erlljwfyn, the guinea-hen 
bie Xaube, the pigeon, dove 
ber £rutfyafyn, the turkey 
bie Sercpe, the lark 
bic ©cpnepfe, the snipe 
bie ^efafine, the jack-snipe 
bie SBalbfdjnepfe, the wood-cock 
ber 9ieigbogel, the reed-bird 


Vegetables, 

bie 9K6fyre, 
gelbe 9tiibe, 


J 


the carrot 


ber 3Jfaig, the maize, corn 

bie Raffinate, the parsnip 

bie £ofylrabi, the turnip-cabbage 

bag Sftabiegdjen,) , 

bet 91etiig, I the rad,sh 

ber Sfeig, the rice 

bcr ©cpnittlaud), the chives 

ber ©pargel, the asparagus 

ber ©pinat, the spinage 

bie ©iijjfartoffel, the sweet-potato 

ber ©enf, the mustard 


58 


gBorterbergeidjnift. 




bie ®reffe, the cress 
ber Baud), the leek 
bie ©urfe, the cucumber 
ber Slrtoblaudj, the garlic 
bie ^eterfilie, the parsley 

© e t r a n E e. 

33ier, beer 
m, ale 

2lpfeftt>ein, cider 
Suttermildj, buttermilk 
Cognac, cognac 
©acao, cocoa 
©^ampagner, champagne 
©fyocotate, chocolate 
93rannttoein, ) , . , 

St$na)>8, 1 whiske y 

Stpfelbrannttoeitt, apple-brandy 
$affee, coffee 
Simonabe, lemonade 
3ftitd), milk 

© e to ii v j e. 
Sngtoer, ginger 
5ttu§Eatnufj, nutmeg 
Sorbeerblcitter, laurel leaves 
Sttajoran, marjoram 
SRelfenpfeffer, cloves 
$feffer, pepper 
©alj, salt 
SBctnitte, vanilla 
gimrnt, cinnamon 

$ r ii t e. 

®er 2tpfet, the apple 
bie 9lpfelfine, the orange 
bie 9Iprifofe, the apricot 
bie 23anana§fetge, the banana 
bie SBirne, the pear 
bie ©itrone, the lemon 
bie Mattel, the date 
bie $irfd)e, the cherry 
ber ^firfid), the peach 
bie ^ftaume, the plum 
bie Duitte, the quince 


ber 3^abarber, the rhubarb 
bie ©efterie, the celery 
ber ©auerampfcr, the sorrel 
bie Sftiibe, the turnip 
bie 3^iebet, the onion 

Beverages. 
Sflirdjpunfd), milk-punch 
9JUnerattoaffer, mineral water 
■ftaljmt, cream 
S^eirttoein, rhine-wine 
Sfotptoein, claret 
9Jloft, new cider 
9fium, rum 
£fyee, tea 
SBein, wine 
£iqueur, liquor 
2Badjtyolberf$nap§, gin 
SBaffer, water 
©obafaaffer, soda-water 
3ngtoer*2lel, ginger-ale 

Spices. 

3ucfer, sugar 
©ettf, mustard 
•JJleerrcttig, horse-radish 
©auce au? SomatoS \ catsup, 
gemadjt, > catchup 
©fftg, vinegar 
De'r, oil 

DtiPenbt, olive oil 
©ptup, syrup, molasses 

Fruits, 
bie $eige, the fig 
bie DUbe, the olive 
bie -Jftelone, the melon 
bie SBaffermetone, the watermelon 
ber £tebe§apfet, the tomato 
ber $iirbij 3 , the pumpkin 
bie ERoftnen, the raisins 
bie SBeintraubert, the grapes 
bie Saitmmelonett, papaws 
ber 93rcd;apfel, the May-apple 


SBdrterberjeicfynifj. 


S 3 e e r c it. 

©ie 23 rombeere, the dewberry 
bie ©rbbeere, the strawberry 
bie Jpeibelbeere, the huckleberry, 
whortleberry 

bie <pimbeere, the raspberry 
bie 2 >obanni 3 bcere, the currant 
31 ii f f e. 

©ie ©rbrtujj, the peanut 
bie £>afelnufj, the hazelnut 
bie ^icfortymifb the hickorynut 

^profeffionen urtb ©etnerbe. 

©er 9 Jrbeiter, the laborer, workingman 

bcr 2lrbeitgebcr, the employer 

ber 2lgent, the agent 

ber 2lbbofat, the attorney 

ber Slrgt, the physician 

ber 2tuffefyer, the overseeer, foreman 

ber Strdjiteft, the architect 

ber Stugenarjt, the occulist 

ber tluctionator, the auctioneer 

ber 21nftreicfyer, the house-painter 

ber 2tyottyefer, the apothecary 

ber 53 arbier, the barber 

ber S3rauer, the brewer 

ber $8ud$alter, the bookkeeper 

ber S3artquier, the banker 

ber 2Uecfyfdjmieb, the tinsmith 

bcr 33ilbfyauer, the sculptor 

ber S3Iumen^dnbter, the florist 

ber 33ud)fenmadjer, the gunsmith 

ber 33acfer, the baker 

ber Saumeifter, the architect 

ber Saufdjreiner, the carpenter 

ber SBergmann, the miner 

ber 33btt$er, the cooper 

ber 33uctybinber, the bookbinder 

ber Srieftrager, the postman 

ber SBudjfydnbler, the bookseller 

ber 23 urftenbinbcr, the brushmaker 

ber Styemifer, the chemist 

ber (SUnUngenieur, the civil engineer 

ber (Sonbitor, the confectioner 


Berries. 

bie Jpolunberbeere, the elderberry 
bie -JJiauIbeere, the mulberry 
bie <Stadjelbeere, the gooseberry 
bie SBadjfyolberbeeren, the juniperberry 
bie ^reifelbeere, the cranberry 

Nuts. 

bie ©fjfaftanie, the chestnut 
bie SJianbel, the almond 
bie SOBafnufj, the walnut 

Professions and Trades, 
ber £>utmad)er, the hatter 
bcr ^ufojelier, the jeweler 
ber Kaufmann, the merchant 
ber $rdmer, the grocer 
ber Pilfer, the cooper 
ber ^iinfUer, the artist 
ber $iirfd)ner, the furrier 
ber $uifdjer, the coachman, driver 
ber Saufburfdje, the errand-boy 
ber Setter, the teacher 
ber Seating, the apprentice 
ber Seidjenbcftatter, the undertaker 
ber Sittyograpf), the lithographer 
ber Sootfe, the pilot 
ber 9 Kaler, the painter 
ber Laffer, the broker 
ber ajtatrofe, the sailor 
ber 2ftafd)inift, the machinist 
ber aftcturer, the mason 
ber Sftefferfcbmieb, the cutler 
ber afte^ger, the butcher 
ber Mfylenbauer, the millwright 
ber SJlufifant, the musician 
bie atafyerin, the seamstress 
ber Dptifer, the optician 
ber ^fanbleifyer, the pawn-broker 
ber ^otograpfy, the photographer 
ber ^olitifer, the politician 
ber ^olfterer, the upholsterer 
bie $u£macf;erin, the milliner 
ber 9teintger, the scourer 


2BBrterher$cid)nifj. 


60 

ber ©onbufteur, the conductor 

bcr Srec^gfer, the turner 

ber Sruder, the printer 

bcr *yabrifant, the manufacturer 

ber barber, the dyer 

ber $elbmeffer, the surveyor 

ber #rifeur, the barber, hair-dresser 

bcr gfteifdjer, the butcher 

ber ©afttoirtb, the hotel-keeper 

bcr ©erber, the tanner 

ber ©lafer, the glazier 

ber ©olbfcfymieb, the gold-smith 

ber ©rabeur, the engraver 

ber Jpcinbler, the dealer 

ber £>au[irer the peddler 

ber ^>bfer / the huckster 

ber £uf[cl)mieb, the blacksmith 

S e r 21 d e r b a u unb © e r a t ty* 
f cl; a f t e n. 

Sie 2Id?fe, the axle 
bie 2tef)ren, the ears 
bie 2l£t, the ax 

ber 23auer, the farmer, peasant 

bag 33 lumen beet, the bed of flowers 

bcr SBaum, the tree 

bcr 23ufc§, the bush 

bie 23rad)e, the fallow 

ber 23erg, the mountain 

bie 23iene, the bee 

ber 23ienenforb, the bee-hive 

ber 23oben, the soil 

bie 33ofyne, the bean 

bie 'firemfe, the brake 

ber 23of;rer, the gimlet 

bag 23eil, the hatchet 

bag Sad), the roof 

bie Sede, the blanket 

bie Seic^fel, the pole 

bie Sorncn, the briers 

bie Srefybanf, the turning table 

ber Siinger, the manure, dung 

bie ©bene, the plain 

bie ©gge, the harrow 


ber ©attter, the saddler 
ber ©cl)ilbmaler, the sign-painter 
ber ©d)Ioffer, the locksmith 
ber ©cfyneiber, the tailor 
ber 0d)ornfteinfeger, the chimney¬ 
sweeper 

ber ©djreiber, the copyist 

ber Sanglcfyrer, the dancing-master 

ber Xityfer, the potter 

ber £ud)f)ttnbter, the clothier 

ber Siincfyer, the white-washer 

ber Ufyrmad)er, the watch-maker 

ber 2Bdd)ter, the watchman 

bte SBctfcfytritt, the washer-womam 

ber gabnarjt, the dentist 

ber gimmermann, the carpenter 

ber 3uderbader, the confectioner 

Agriculture and Imple¬ 
ments. 

bie ©mte, the crop, harvest 

ber ©rbboben, the ground 

ber ©inter, the bucket, pail 

bie $elge, the felly 

bag $uber, the load 

bie $urcbe, the furrow 

bag $elb, the field 

bie ©arbe, the sheaf 

bie ©iefjfannc, the watering-pot 

bag ©ebifj, the bit 

bag ©ctreibe, the grain 

bie ©erfte, the barley 

bag ©e[d)irr, the harness 

bag $cu, the hay 

ber £euboben, the hay-loft 

ber §eul;aufcn, the hay-stack 

bie Jpeugabel, the pitchfork 

bcr foobet, the plane 

ber .<£) 0 f, the yard 

ber §irt, the shepherd 

ber £>afer, the oats 

bie £ade, the hoe 

bag ^ufeifen, the horse-shoe 

ber §uffd)mieb, the horse-shoer 


23 B r t e r b e r 5 e i dj n i f$. 


61 


ber JpftfmerFtaff, the hen-house 
fete Jftctte, the chain 
ba§ .ft alb, the calf 
btc ftartoffel, the potato 
bic ftarre, the cart 
ba§ ftummet, the horse-collar 
bic ftub, the cow 
ber ftufyftall, the cow-stable 
ba§ ftraut, the cabbage 
ber ftnccbt, the farm-hand 
bie fttttfdjc, the coach 
ba§ Sanb, the land 
ber Sanbmann, the country-man 
ber Sanbtoirtb, the farmer 
btc Sinfcn, the lentils 
t ber Seim, the glue 

ber Ifln't, the dung, manure 

bie 9Iliftgabet, the dung-fork 

bie c JJld§mafdjitte. the reaper 

bie 3!Jtagb. the maid-servant 

ber 9lagel, the nail 

ber 9iageIMrer, the gimlet 

bie 9tabe, the hub 

ba§ Dbft, the fruit 

ber Dbftbaum, the fruit-tree 

ber Dbftgarten, the orchard 

ber Defonom, the farmer 

ba8 Drtf^eit, the swingle-tree 

bie iRflanping, the plantation 

ber 3$acbter, the tenant 

ber $flug, the plough 

bie ^flugfdjar, the ploughshare 

ba§ ijlferb, the horse 

ber ^ferbeftaH, the stable 

bag Sfab, the wheel 

ber ftabfranj, the rim 

ber 3Mcn, the rake 

ba§ fUinb, the cattle 

bie ftiibe, the beet 

ber SlapS, the cole-seed, rape-seed 

ber Stoggen, the rye 

ber Stiemen, the strap 

ber Slaien, the sod 

bie ©aat, the seed 


bie ©age, the saw 

bie ©ebraube, the screw 

ber ©cbraubenjiefjer, the screw-driver 

baS ©temmeifen, the chisel 

ba§ ©ebaf, the sheep 

ber ©cbafbocf, the buck 

ber ©cf)dfcr, the shepherd 

ber ©c&afftall, the sheep-stable 

ba§ ©attelpferb, the rear-horse 

bie ©cbettne, the barn 

bie ©peidje, the spoke 

ber ©djnitter, the mower 

ber ©djineineftall, the pig-stable 

ber ©paten, the spade 

ba§ ©djeuleber, the eye-flap 

bie ©dbnatfe, the buckle 

bie ©toppcl, the stubble 

bie ©djaufel, the shovel 

ber ©prungriemen, the martingal 

bie £aube, the pigeon 

ber £abacf, the tobacco 

baS £l)al, the valley 

bie $enne, the barn-floor 

ber Xrog, the trough 

baS $ielj, the stock, cattle 

bie SBieljgudOt, stock-raising 

ber iEBagen, the wagon 

ber SBagenbaum, the beam 

ber 2Bagen!aften, the wagon-body 

bie SBagenfdjmiere, the axle greese 

bie SBagentoinbe, the wagon-jack 

baS 2Bagengelei§, the wheel-track 

baS SBagenpferb, the wagon-horse 

ber 5Balb, the forest, woods 

bie 2Beibe, the pasture 

bie SIBeibe, the" willow 

bie SBaffermelone, the water-melon 

ber 2Beinftocf, the vine 

ber SBeinberg, the vineyard 

bie SBafge, the roller 

bie SBieje, the meadow 

ber SBetgen, the wheat 

bie $iege, goat 

bie 3ud^tftute, the breeding-mare 


62 


SBortertJergeidjnifj. 


ber ©alat, the lettuce 

ber ©omen, the seed 

ber ©cfylitten, the sleigh 

ba§ ©cfytoein, the hog, pig, swine 

ber ©djubfarren, the wheelbarrow 

bie ©enfe, the scythe, cradle 

bie ©id)el, the sickle 


ber 3ud)ifiier, the bull 
bie 3ttd)t[d)aferei, the breeding sheep- 
farm 

ba§ 3iid;tbiel), cattle for breeding 
ber 3iigel, the rein 
ber 3<tum, the bridle 


2) i e © d) it 1 e. 

®ie SBitbung, -v the education 
©r^iefyung, / 

bie Slufgabe, the exercise, lesson 

iet Secret, | theteacher 

bte Se^rerin, > 

ber ©fitter, the scholar 

ber 3bgttng, the pupil 

ber Unterridjt, the instruction 

ber ^rofeffor, the professor 

bie bffentttdje ©d?ule, the public school 

bie $ribatfd)ute, the private school 

bie Uniberfitai, the university 

ba§ ©tymnafium, the college 

ba§ 3eugmfj, the certificate, the report 

ber $ortfd)ritt,the progress 

bie $enninijj, the knowledge 

bie SBerfe^ung, the promotion 

baS spult, the desk 

ber ©djreibtifd), the bureau 


The School, 
ber 58ud)erf$ranf, the book-case 
ber 231eiftift, the lead-pencil 
ber ©d)ieferflift, the slate-pencil 
bie $eber, the pen 
bie $reibe, the chalk 
ba§ Tfintenfafj, the ink-stand 
ba§ ^ebermeffer, the pen-knife 
ba§ £of(f)^abier, the blotting paper 
ba§ Sineal, the ruler 
bag papier, the paper 
bag 58ud), the book 
bie Sanbfarte, the map 
bie 3eid)rturtg, the drawing 
bie Ueberfe^ung, the translation 
bie SSanbtafel, the black-board 
ber ©dfiuamm, the sponge 
ber &bfd)er, eraser 
bie £afel, the slate 
ber ©djutfad, the school-bag 


SBiyfenfdjaften. 
®ieSMiteftut,l the architecture 
iBaufunft, > 

bie (Sfyemie, the chemistry 
bie ©Ijirurgie, the surgery 
bie $>ttriSpruben3, the law, jurispru¬ 
dence 

bie 2Jlebicin, the medicine 
bie 9ftatfyematif, mathematics 

2) i e $ it n ft e. 

©ie 33ilbl;auerhmft, sculpture 
bie 33ud)brucferfunft, typography 
bag $ed)ten, fencing 
bag ^upferftecbert, engraving on copper 
bie 9Jlalerei, painting 


Sciences. 

bie 9taturgcfd)id)te, natural history 
bie 3(iaturfenntni§, science of nature 
bie $l)ilo[oj)I)ie, philosophy, natural 
philosophy 
bie ^f)fyfif, physics 
bie s $!)ilologie, philology 
bie ftijeologie, theology 

The Arts, 
bie Qflufif, music 

bie $Pbotogra£l)ie, photographing 
bag Sattgen, dancing 
bag Xurnen, gymnastics 
bail 3eid)nen, drawing 


* • 


2B or ter b < 

2)a§ Sweater, 
der 2lct, the act 
ber Sluftritt, the scene 
bag 33aUct, the ballet 
bie 23iityne, the stage 
ber SBeifatt, the applause 
bag SBillet, the ticket 
ber (Sfyor, the chorus 
bag ©oftiim, the costume 
bie ©ouliffe, wing, side-scene 
bie decoration, the scenery 
bie ©arberobe, the dressing-room 
ber ftomifer, the comic 
bie Soge, the box 
bag Sufttyiel, the comedy 
bie Ctyer, the opera 
bag Drcfyefter, the orchestra 
ber ^la^, the place 

2Rufi! unb ©efang. 
dag $£iano, the piano 
bie Drgct, the organ 
bie $lote, the flute 

bag ©aiteninftrument, the string-instru¬ 
ment 

bie SSioflne, the violin 
ber $8afj, the bass-violin 
bag Cello, the violincello 
bie 33ratf<$e, the viola 
bie drompete, the trumpet 
bie duba, the tube 
bie Clarinette, the clarionet 
bie £>oboe, the hautboy 
bie ©uitarre, the guitar 
bie ^aufen, the kettle-drum 

die R i r d) e. 
der 2lbt, the abbott 
bie 2lebtiffin, the abbess 
ber 2lltar, the altar 
ber Styoftel, the apostle 
bie Sluferftefyung, the resurrection 
bie 23eid)te, the confession 
ber 33efefyrte, the convert 
bie SBibet, the Bible 


rjeidjnife. 63 

The Theatre, 
bie $robe, the rehearsal 
bie ^poffe, the farce 
bag ^Srogramtr, the programme 
bag ^ublifum, the audience 
bie Slolle, the part 
bag ©djautyiel, the drama 
bie Scene, the scene 
bag ©tiicf, the play, piece 
ber ©djauftneler, the actor 
bie ©djautyielerin, the actress 
ber ©ouffleur, the prompter 
bag Sweater, the theater 
bag drauerftnel, the tragedy 
ber d^eaterbirector, the manager 
bie SBorftellung, the performance 
bag 3*f$ en / hissing 

Music and Singing, 
bie drommel, the drum 
bie $ofaune, the trombone 
bag Cornet, the cornet 
bag Concert, the concert 
bie Dper, the opera 
bag 2ieb, the song 
bie SBegleitung, the accompaniment 
bie 3Mobie, the air, melody 
bie Dubertiire, the overture 
ber Componift, the composer 
bie ^ttftrumentatmufi!, instrumental- 

music 

bie SBofatmufif, vocal-music 
bag Sieberbud), the song-book 
ber Choral, the choral, hymn 

The Church, 
bag $ird)fyiet, the parish 
ber £ird?tl)urm, the steeple 
bie $irdjenberfammlung, the synod 
ber $ird)enbiener, the sexton 
ber $ird)enborftefyer, the church-warden 
ber $trd$of, the cemetery 
bag $reuj, the cross 
bie $reu 3 igung, the crucifixion 


64 


SBdrterbergeidjnifj. 




bcr 33ifd)of, the bishop 
bag <£rugifi£, the crucifix 
ber Shrift,•the Christian 
bie (Efyriftenfycit, Christendom 
bag ©fyriftentfmm, Christianity 
bcr ©apian, the chaplain 
ber ©arbinal, the cardinal 
bcr Choral, the choral, hymn 
bcr Siaconug, the deacon 
ber 250m, the cathedral, dome 
bie ©infegnung, the benediction 
ber ©infiebler, the hermit 
bie ©htfiebelei, the hermitage 
ber ©ngel, the angel 
bie ©l;e, the matrimony 
ber ©rlbfer, the Redeemer 
bie ©rlbfung, the redemption 
ber ©rgbifcfjof, the archbishop 
bag ©bangelium, the gospel 
ber ©Oangelift, the evangelist 
ba§ ^egefeuer, the purgatory 
ber $afttag, the fast-day 
ber $riebe, the peace 
ba§ ©ebet, the prayer 
bag ©ebctbud^, the prayer-book 
bie ©ebotc (gefyn), the ten command¬ 
ments 

bag ©efangbudj, the hymn-book 
ber fyeilige ©eift, the Holy Ghost 
ber ©ott / God 
bie ©otttyeit, Deity 
bie ©emeinbe, the congregation 
ber ©eiftlidje, the clergyman 
bie ©eiftlic^feit, the clergy 
bie ©lode, bell 

ber ©ottegbienft, divine service 

ber ©otteglciugner, the atheist 

bag ©laubengbefenntnifj, the confession 

ber ©o^enbienft, idolatry 

bie ©ottegberefyrung, the worship 

bie peilige Sreifaltigfcit, Holy Trinity 

bag ©rabmal, the tomb 

bie ©ruft, the vault 

bag §od}antt, high mass 


bie $uppel, the cupola 
bag Sauten ber ©lodcn, the ringing of 
the bells 

bie 8eitf;enfeier, the obsequies 
bag Seicpenbegangnift, the funeral, 
burial 

bcr Se’cbenbeftatter, the undertaker 
bie Rteffe, mass 
ber 9Rbnd), the monk 
bie Rioriftrang, the monstrance 
bag Rlbndjgflofter, the convent, monas¬ 
tery 

bie Rtenfdjmerbung, the incarnation 
bie ionite, the nun 
bag Ronr.enfloftcr, the nunnery 
bag Reue Seftament, the New Testa¬ 
ment 

bie Dffenbarung, the revelation 

bie Dpferung, the offering 

ber Drganift, the organist 

bie Drgel, the organ 

ber ^Sapft, the pope 

ba§ ‘iJSarabieg, the paradise 

bag ^Sfarrfyaug, the parsonage 

ber ^ralat, the prelate 

ber ^rebiger, the preacher 

bie ^Srebtgt, the sermon 

ber ^riefter, the priest 

ber ^falm, the psalm 

bie Religion, the religion 

bie Religibfitat, the religiosity 

bie Reformation, the reformation 

ber Reformator, the reformer 

ber Rabbiner, the rabbi 

ber Rofenfrang, the beads, rosary 

bie ©afriftei, the vestry 

ber ©arg, the coffin 

bie ©ittenlefyre, ethics 

bie ©d)rift(f)eilige), the Holy Scriptures 

ber ©d)opfcr, the Creator 

bie ©djopfung, the Creation 

bie ©ilrtbe, the sin 

ber ©iinber, the sinner 

bie ©pnagoge, the synagogue 


SBbrterP cr^eidjnifj. 


65 


ber Jpeilanb, the Saviour 
bie £>btte, hell 

bcr £>irt, the shepherd, pastor 
$efug C^riftug, Jesus Christ 
bie $apellc, the chapel 
bie ftanscf, the pulpit 
bie £atfyebraf, the cathedral 
ber $ated)igmug, the catechism 
ber $efjcr, the heretic 
bie £e£erei, heresy 
bie $ird)e, the church 

(Sottfeffionen. 

2)er Slbbentift, Bie Adventist 
ber 33aptift, the Baptist 
ber GafPinift, the' Calvinist 
bcr Gfyrift, the Christian 
ber £>eibe, the heathen 
bag £eibenttyum, pagenism 
ber Islam 

ber ^ube, the Jew, Israelite, Hebrew 

fy e i e r t age. 

2)er Slbbent, Advent 
ber SHIerfyeiligen, All Saints’ day 
ber 21lfetfeelen, All Souls’ day 
ber Stfcfyermittlbocfy, Ash-Wednesday 
bie Gfyartoocfye, Holy week 
bcr Gfyarfrcitag, Good Friday 
f^aftengeit. Lent 
$aftnad)t, Shrove-tide 

2) a § © e f e fc. 

®er SIbbofat, the attorney 
bie Slugfage, (eiblicfye) the affidavit 
ber 2lugfprud), Cntfdjeibung, the 
verdict 

ber 93eibei§, the evidence 
ber Gonftabcl, the constable 
bie ©eredjtigfeit, the justice 
bag ©erictyt, the court of justice, 
tribunal 

bcr ©efdjtborene, the juror 
bag ©efdjiborenengeridjt, the jury 
bag ©ro&gefdjtborenengeridjt, the grand 
jury 


bie £aufe, the baptism 

ber £aufftein, the font 

ber £empel, the temple • 

ber fteufel, the devil 

bcr Sobtengraber, the grave-digger 

bag 3Ute Seftament, the Old Testament 

bie Srauung, the wedding-ceremony 

bie $rauer, the mourning 

ber llngfaube, infidelity 

bag $8ater Unjer, the Lord’s Prayer 

ber 2Beifyraud;, incense 

Denominations, 
ber ^attyolif, the Catholic 
ber Sutfyeraner, the Lutheran 
ber SJlettyobift, the Methodist 
ber hormone, the Mormon 
ber 9ftuf)amebaner, the Mahomedan 
ber ^regbtyterianer, the Presbyterian 
ber SJkoteftant, the Protestant 

Holidays, 
bie £immelfa§rt, Ascension 
ber ©runeSonnerftag, Maundy-Thurs- 
day 

ba3 9ieuja$r, New Year 
bie Dftern, Easter 
^Salmfonntag, Palm-Sunday 
^Bfingften, Pentecost 
SBeifynadjten, Christmas 

The Law. 

bie Jptypotfjef, the mortgage 

bie $Iage, the prosecution 

ber stager, the plaintiff 

bie Bogs, $reifpred)ung, the acquittal 

ber iftotar, the notary (public) 

bie ^olijei, the police 

ber 9iid)ter, the justice, judge 

ber Dberricfjter, the chief justice 

bie 9?ed)tfertigung, justification 

bie Sfledjtggefefyrfamfeit, jurisprudence 

ber 3ied;tggelel)rte, the jurist 

ber (Scfyhntr, the oath 

bie Unpart^eUic^feit, the equity 


66 


SBorterbergeic^nifj. 


bag £leingef$toorenengeri$t, the petit 

jury 

bie gerid^ttid^e ^orlabung, the sum¬ 
mons 

$erbre$en. 

2)er Singriff, the assault 

bie 33igamie, the bigamy 

bie SBeftedjung, the bribery 

bcr 23etruger, the imposter, defaulter 

ber £)ieb, the thief 

ber Siebftafyl, the larceny, theft 

ber ©inbrudj, the burglary 

ber ©inbredjer, the burglar 

bie ^elonie, > 

bag ©abitafocrbredjen, J ±e on Y 

ber ©efartgene, the prisoner 

bag ©efangnijj, the prison 

ber Sugner, the liar 

ber SDtorb, the homicide, murder 

2) a g 2R i I i t ft r. 

©er Slbjutant, the adjutant 
ber 2lngriff, the attack 
bie 2lrmee, the army 
bag 21rmeecor£§, the army-corps 
bag Strfenal, the arsenal 
bie SlrtiUerie, the artillery 
ber 2tugfatt, the sally 
bie 2tugfyeburtg, the conscription, levy 
of soldiers 

bag Sajonet, the bayonet 
bag 23atalIion, the batallion 
bie 23elagerurtg, the siege 
ber Selagerer, the besieger 
ber SBelagerte, the besieged 
bie Parade, the barrack 
bie 23eute, the booty ' 
bag SBitJOuaf, the bivouac 
ber $8ogen, the bow 
bie $3iidjfe, the rifle 
bcr Carabiner, the carabine 
bie CabaHerie, the cavalry 
bie Cibatefle, the citadel 
bie Colonne, the column, line 


bie 23ertfjeibigurtg, the defense 
bie IBorlabung, the subpoena 
ber 33erflagte, the defendant 
bie SBoItyeljtmg, the execution 

Crimes, 
ber SJlbrber, the murderer 
bcr SBeineib, the perjury 
bcr 9Jleineibige, the perjurer 
bie 9Korbbrennerei, arson 
ber ©elbftmorb, the suicide 
ber Sdjuft, > . 

bet ©j>i|6u6e, \ the v , lUaln ’ rascal 
ber ©djurfe, the scoundrel 
ber SBerratty, the treason 
ber $8 er breeder, the criminal 
bag SBerbredjen, the crime 
ber 33erratf>er, the traitor 
ber SBagaburtb, the vagabond 
bie SSerftummetung, mayhem 

The Military, 
ber ^rieggborrat^, the ammunition 
ber ^urafjter, the cuirasseer 
bie $uget, the ball 
bag Sager, the camp 
bie Sangc, the lance 
ber Sauf, the barrel 
bie Saffette, the carriage 
bie Seibgarbe, the body-guard 
ber Sieutenant, the lieutenant 
bag Sofunggtoort, the watchword 
ber Sftajor, the major 
ber 9ftarobeur, the straggler 
bag SRanober, the manoeuvre 
ber 9ftititarargt, the surgeon 
bie UMij, the militia 
ber -Ulorfer, the mortar 
bie 2ftimbung, the muzzle 
bie 9Jtufterung, the muster 
bie SJiugfete, the musket 
bie -ftadjfyut, the rear 
ber Dberft, the colonel 
ber Dberftlieutenant, the lieutenant 
colonel 


67 


SSbrterberjeidjnifc. 


bie (Eom^agnic, the company 
ber Gor^oral, the corporal 
bcr £)egen, the sword 
ber Sienft, the service 
bie ®ibifton, the division 
ber Sold), the dagger 
ber Sragoner, the dragoon 
bag Gpaulct, the epaulet, straps 
ber Groberer, the conqueror 
bie Groberung, the conquest 
bag Gjerciren, the drill 
bie $afyne, the flag 
ber ft-dfynrid), the ensign 
ber *yal)nentragcr, the standard-bearer 
ber $elbl;crr, the commander-in-chief 
ber ^-elbjdjmieb, the forge of an army 
bie ^elbartillerie, the field-artillery 
ber fyelbprebtger, the army-chaplain 
ber ftclbfdjerer, the army-surgeon 
ber $elbh>ebel, the sergeant 
ber ^elbjug, the expedition, campaign 
bie $eftung, the fortress 
bag $ort, the fort 
ber $reittnltige, the volunteer 
bie $lud)t, the flight 
ber ftrieben, the peace 
bie ftlinte, the gun 
bie ^-euerteaffen, the fire-arms 
bag ©efecffl, the engagement 
ber ©emeine, the private 
ber ©eneral, the general 
ber ©eneralfelbmarjdjatt, the field- 
marshal 

ber ©eneralfieutenant, the lieutenant- 
general 

ber ©cneralmajor, the major-general 

.ber ©eneralftab, the staff 

ber §afyn, the cock 

ber £arnifcfy, ) 

.. cX-.r, [• the armor 
bte Siuftung, ) 

bie $autt>i£e, the howwitzer 

bie %nfanterie, the infantry 

ber Snfanterift, the foot-soldier 

ber $am£f, the fight, combat 

bie Danone, the canon, gun 


ber Officer, the officer 
bie ^Sarabe, the parade 
bie ^attifabe, the palisade 
bie ^atrone, the cartridge 
bie ^atronentafcfye, the cartridge-box 
bie ^atrouillc, the patrol 
ber ^ionier, the pioneer 
bag ^lulber, the powder 
bag ^ulber^orn, the powder-flask 
bag S $ufttcrfafs, the powder-keg 
bie 9ieboute, the redoubt 
bag Sfegiment, the regiment 
ber Sfiegimentgargt, the surgeon-major 
bie ^egimentgmufif, the regimental- 
music 

ber -Itegimcntgtambour, the drum-major 
bie 9ieiterei, the cavalry 
ber ^ebofoer, the revolver 
ber Siiidgug, the retreat 
bie SJtiifiung, the armor 
bie 91uftfammer, the armory 
ber Sdbel, the sword, sabre 
bie Sdbeffdjeibe, the sheath 
bag Sdjarmufcel, the skirmish 
ber Sieg, the victory 
ber Sergeant, the sergeant 
ber Solb, the pay 
ber ©olbat, the soldier 
bag Sdjlofi, the lock 
bag ©cfyrot, the shot 
ber Stabgoffijier, the staff-officer 
bie ©treitajt, (^nbianer) the tomaw- 
hawk 

ber Xambour, the drummer 

bag Xreffen, the encounter 

bie Xrommel, the drum 

bie Xrompete, the trumpet 

ber Xrompeter, the trumpeter 

ber Ulan, the lancer 

bie Uebergabe, the surrender 

ber Unteroffigier, the sergeant 

bie 33erfolgung, the pursuit 

bie Serfdjansung, the entrenchment 

bie SSadje, the guard 

bie SBaffen, the weapon, arms 


68 


SBbrterbcrjcidjnifc. 


ber $na^facf, the knap-sack 
bie $artcit|cfye, the grape-shot 
bie $linge, the blade 
ber $olben, the but-end 
ber $rieg, the war 

2) i e ©$ifffa$rt. 

£)er 2lnfer, the anchor 

ber Slbmiral, the admiral 

bie Stnferboje, buoy 

ber 93attaft, the ballast 

bie 23arfe, the bark 

bag Soot, the boat 

bie Srigg, the brig 

^er Saumfa^rt, the canoe 

ber ©anal, the channel, canal 

ber ©ontreabmiral, the rear admiral 

bie (Sajiite, the cabin 

ber ©ourg, the course 

ber l Dampf, the steam 

fcer 2)ampfer, the steamer 

bag ©ampfboot, the steam-boat 

ber Sampffeffef, the boiler 

bie 2)ampfmafd;ine, the steam-engine 

bie ©ampfpfeife, the steam-whistle 

bag 2)antpffd)iff, the steamship 

ber 2)od, the dock 

bag £)ed, the deck 

bie $al;rt, the voyage 

bie ftlagge, the flag 

bie ^racfyt, the freight 

bag ^afyrboot, the ferry-boat 

bag ^afyrgeug, the vessel 

bie gaegatte, the frigate 

bie $lotte, the navy 

bie fylotitle, the flotilla. 

bag ^ifcfyerboot, the fishing-boat 

bie ©onbel, the gondola 

bie ©ateere, the galley 

bie ©efdjhnttbigfeit, the speed 

ber ipafen, the harbor 

bie fpangematte, the hammock 

ber fpauptmaft, the main-mast 

ber fpintermaft, the mizzen-mast 

bie ^niet, the island 


ber SBaffenfdjmieb, the armorer 
ber SBaffenffiflftartb, the armistice 
ber 2BalI, the rampart 
bag geli, the tent 
bag giinbfyutcfyen, the cap 

The Navigation, 
bag $rieggfcfjiff, the man-of-war 
ber Sebengretter, the life-preserver 
ber £anbungg£(a£, the landing-place 
ber £eud;ttl;urm, the light-house 
bag 9Jteer', the ocean, sea 
bie -JftatmfdOaft, the crew 
ber Slatrofe, the sailor 
bie 2Jiarine, the marine 
ber -JJiaft, the mast 
ber ■iDtaftforf), the round-top 
ber ^ebel, the fog 
bag ^Jebetfjorn, the fog-whistle 
bie Spumpe, the pump 
bag gangerfd)iff, the monitor 
ber ^robiantmcifter, the purser 
ber Stabbanipfer, the side wheel-boat 
bie ©ee, the sea 
ber ©eemamt, the mariner 
bie ©eemadjd, the navy 
ber ©ee.auber, the pirate 
bag ©tfyiff, the ship 
ber ©djiffgrumpf, the hull of the ship 
bag ©cfyiffgtoerft, the navy, dock-yard 
ber ©djtffbrud), the ship-wreck 
ber ©cfyiffgbau, the ship-building 
ber ©cfyiffgjunge, the cabin-boy 
ber ©djjiffgoffijier, the naval-officer 
ber ©turm, the storm 
bie ©tranbung, ship-wreck, stranding 
bie ©cfyaluppe, the sloop 
bag ©egelfcfyiff, the sailing-vessel 
ber ©djjraubenbampfer, the screw- 
steamer 

ber ©c^Ie^bampfer, the tug-boat, 
steam-tug 

bag ©teuerruber, the stern 
bag ©eil, the rope 
bie Xicfe, the depth 


SSorterber^cidjnifj. 


69 


ber Sngenieur, the engineer ba§ $au, the cable, rope 

bie 9)ad)t, the yacht ba§ SSerbecf, the deck 

bic $oHe, the yawl ber SSorbermaft, the fore-mast 

ba§ ftartonenboot, the gun-boat bie 2SelIe, ■» ,1 

° tne wave 

ba§ ^auffabrtcifcfyiff, the merchant- bieSBoge, J 

vessel ba§ 2Bracf, the wreck 

ber $iel, the keel ber 2Binb, the wind 

bie ftiifte, the coast ba§ 3h>tf^ e «be(f, the steerage 

fccr $a£er, the caper ber 3toifd)enbetf3paffagicr / steerage-pas- 

ber $apitan, the captain senger 


§immeUfor|3cr. 

£>er ^ijftern, the fixed star 
ber <pimmet, the sky 
ber hornet, the comet 
ba§ Sidjt, the light 
bie SJHldjftrafje, the milky-way 
bie Sdlonbfinftermjis, the eclipse of the 
moon 

ber -ifteumonb, the new moon 
ber planet, the planet 
bie ©onne, the sun 


Heavenly Bodies, 
ber ©onnertflecf, the solar spot 
bie ©onnenfinfternijj, the eclipse of the 
sun 

ber ©tern, the star 

bie ©ternfdinu^pe, the falling-star 

ber 3Mmonb, the full moon 

ba§ erfte SSiertef, the first quarter 

ba§ lefcte 33iertef, the last quarter 

bie 2Belt, the world 

ba$ SBeltad, the universe 


S u f t, 2B i n b, 2B a f f e r u. f. in. 
2)ie $benbrot§e, the evening-red 
ber 33ad), the rivulet, brook, creek 

ber 231Mb l the lightning 

ba§ 2Betterleud)ten, ) 

ber S BI ^abteiter, the lightning-rod 

ber 23ti§ftrafyt, the flash of lightning 

ber Sampf, the steam 

bie SBraubimg, the surge 

ber Conner, the thunder 

ber Sonnerfcfylag, the thunder-clap 

bie Siirre, the drought 

bic SunEctfyeit, > the darkness 
$infternifi, j' 
ba§ ©i§, the ice 
ber ©i§ 3 a£fen, the icicle 
bie $eud}tigfeit, the moisture, damp¬ 
ness 

ba§ $cuer, the fire 
bie $ontane, the fountain 
ba§ ©latteiS, the sleet 
bie §it?e, the heat 


Air, Wind, Water, etc. 
ba§ ^orblid^t, aurora borealis 
ber 5Hebel, the fog 
ber -iftorbftnnb, north-wind 
ber ©iibtoinb, south-wind 
ber Dfttoinb, east-wind 
ber )ffieftn>inb, west-wind, zephyr 
ber Drfan, the hurricane 
ber $ta$regen, the shower 
ber -Kegen, the rain 
ber 3^eif, the hoar-frost 
ber ©d)aum, the foam 
bie ©c^lo^en, the hhil 
ber ©d)nee, the snow 
bie ©djneefloden, snow-flakes 
ber ©turm, the storm 
ber ©turmtoinb, the tempest 
ber ©arnum, the simoom 
ber Xfyau, the dew 
ba§ X^autoetter, the thaw 
ba§ SreibeiS, the drift-ice 
ber Xropfen, the drop 


70 


2Borterbergeid;ni£. 


ber §agef, the hail 

bie $alte, the cold 

ba§ Sicfyt, the light 

ba$ Sitfrdjien, the breeze 

bcr Suftgug, the draught of air 

ba§ Sdurmcln, the purl 

bie Sdorgenrbtfye, aurora 

S3 aume. 

2)er 9lf;orn, the maple 

ber .gucferaborn, the sugar-maple 

bie 93irfe, the birch 

bie 33ud;e, the beech 

bie Ceber, the cedar 

bie (5id?e, the oak 

bie (Sfdje, the ash 

bie ©tye, the asp 

bie fyict;te, the pine 

ber £)id'orty, the hickory 

ber ^aftanienbaum, the chestnut-tree 

bie liefer, the fir 

b'.e £ard)e, the larch-tree 

D b ft b d u nt e. 

2)er Styfelbaum, the apple-tree 
ber 9Jtyrifofenbaum, the apricot-tree 
ber SBirnbaum, the pear-tree 
ber $irfd)baum, the cherry-tree 

95 lumen, <5 dj tin g g e h> a d) fe, ufto. 

£>er 93ud)§baum, the box-tree 
ber Gtyfyeu, the ivy 
ber ftlieber, the lilac 
bie ©eorgine, the dahlia 
bag ©anfeblumdjen, the daisy 
bag ©eifjblatt, the hohey-suckle 
bie £fyacintf;e, the hyacinth 
bie $ amide, the camomile 
bie Silie, the lily 

bag 9daibtitm$en, the lily of the valley 

ber SJtofyn, the poppy 

bie 9dtyrtfye, the myrtle 

bie 5delfe, the pink 

bie -dicgftmrg, the hellebore 

bie ^fcffermunje, the peppermint 


ber SBirbef, the eddy 

bie SBafferfjofe, the water-spout 

ber SSirbefixunb, the whirl-wind, tornado 

ber SBinbftofj, the squall 

ber SBirbelfturm, the cyclone 

bie SBoIfc, the cloud 

ber 2Bolfenbrud3, the spout 

Trees, 
bie Sinbe, the linden-tree 
ber Sdaulbeerbaum, the mulberry-tree 
ber idufjbaum,' the walnut-tree 
bie Rappel, the poplar 
bie ^cdjtanne, the spruce 
bie Steinekfye, the mountain-oak 
bie £anne, the fir-tree 
bie Sxauerefcfye, the weeping-ash 
bie £rattertoeibe, the weeping-willow 
bie Ulme, the elm 

ber 33ogelbeerbaum, the mountain-ash 
bie 2Beibe, the willow 

F ruit-trees. 
ber $firjtd;baum, the peach-tree 
ber -dufjbaum, the walnut-tree 
ber ^Pftaumenbaum, the plum-tree 

Flowers, Creepers, etc. 

bie Sicfebe, the mignonette 

ber Ulitterfyorn, the larkspur 

bie diofe, the rose 

bie ©djdiiffelblume, the cowslip 

bie ©onnenbtume, the sunflower 

bag 0tiefmiitterd)en, the pansy 

bie Xodfirfd^e, the belladonna 

bie Sufye, the tulip 

bag 33eUU)cn, the violet 

bag 93crgifjmeinnid>t, the forget-me-not 

^Silje, mushrooms 

ber ^liegenpilg, the toad-stool 

bag 9doog, the moss 

bag $arrenfraut, the fern 

bie 2llge, see-weed, alga 


2 Bortert>cr 3 eirfjnifj. 


71 


SKineralien. 
2 )cr 2 lcbat, the agate 
bcr Slg&eft, the asbest 
ber SUabafter, the alabaster 
bie Slmetfytyft, the amethyst 
bag Strfertif, the arsenic 
ber 23afalt, the basalt 
ber S3riIIant, the brilliant 
bcr Sbertytt, the beryl 
ber 53raunftein, the brown-stone 
ber 33imgftcin, the bumice-stone 
ber 23ernftein, the amber • 
ber 2 )iamant, the diamond 
ber S)tynamit, the dynamite 
bcr ©belftein, the gem 
bcr ©ranit, the granite 
ber ©ranat, the garnet 
ber ©ritntyan, the virdigris 
ber ©typg, the gypsum 
ber $alf, the lime 
ber ilieg, the gravel 

501 e t a 11 e. 

2 ) ag 33tei, the lead 
bie Sronge, the bronze 
bag (Sifert, the iron 

bag ©ifenbledj, the sheet-iron 

bag ©rg, the ore 

ber Srafyt, the wire 

bag ©olb, the gold 

bag ©ujjeifen, the cast-iron 

bag $upfer, the copper 

bag 2 Jleiftng, the brass 

S3 e r g b a u. 

$er S3ergbau, the mining 
bag S3crgtoerf, the mine 
ber S3ergmanrt, the miner 

SB U b e S^iere. 

3 ) er Slffe, the ape, monkey 
bie Slntelope, the antilope 
ber S3dr, the bear 

ber S3iber, the beaver 
bet SuffeJf, ) the buffal0 
ber S3ifon, ) 


Minerals, 
ber $arfunfet, the carbuncle 
bie $reibe, the chalk 
bie $oralle, the coral 
ber £e(jnt, the loam, clay 
ber SJlaladjit, the malachite 
ber Dni£, the onyx 
ber Dpal, the opal 
bie S$ertc, the pearl 
ber Guar 3 , the quartz 
ber Slubin, the ruby 
ber ©ap^ir, the sapphire 
ber ©maragb, the emerald 
ber ©anb, the sand 
beg ©al 3 , the salt 
ber ©tcin, the stone 
bie ©teinfotyle, coal, anthracite 
bag ©teinot, the petroleum 
ber $f)on, the clay 
bcr Xopag, the topaz 
ber £orf, the turf 

Metals. 

bag Sleufitber, the German silver 

ber Slidel, the nickel 

bag $latina, the platinum 

bag Quecffilber, the quicksilver 

bag ©djmiebeeifen, the wrought-iron 

bag ©ilber, the silver 

ber ©tafyt, the steel 

bag ginf, the zinc 

bag 3 imt, the tin 

Mining. 

bag £ofytenbergh)crf, the coal-mine 
ber Suftfdjacfyt, the air-shaft 
ber ©totten, the stulm 

Wild Animals, 
ber ^Itig, the polecat 
ber Saguar, the jaguar 
bag $ameer, the camel 
bag $anindjen, the rabbit 
ber Seoparb, the leopard 
ber Sotoe, the lion 


72 


SBbrterfeergeid&nifj. 


ber 2)ad;g, the badger 

ber ©ber, the wild boar 

bag ©idjprndjeu, the squirrel 

ber ©igbar, the polar-bear 

ber ©levant, the elephant 

ber ©If, the elk 

bxe ^ifdjotter, the otter 

bie $febermaug, the bat 

ber $ttd)g, ^e fox 

bie ©errtje, the chamois 

ber £afe, the hare 

ber §irfdj, the deer, stag 

bie Jpirfdjfufy, the hind 

ber Sgel, the hedge-hog 

£ a u g t i e r e. 
2)er ©fef, the donkey, ass 
ber §unb, the dog 
bag $alb, the calf 
bie $a£e, the cat 
bag $a£d)en, the kitten 
bie the cow 
bag Sarnm, the lamb 


58 o G e l. 

5£)er SIbler, the eagle 

bag 58irfl)ufyn, the grouse 

ber ©iftelfinf, the gold finch 

bie Sroffel, the thrush 

bie ©ffter, the magpie 

bie ©nte, the duck 

bie ©ule, the owl 

ber $afan, the pheasant 

ber $alfe, the falcon 

bie $lugelfpi£e, $ittidj, the pinion 

bie ©ang, the goose 

bag ©efliigel, the poultry 

bag ©efieber, the plumage 

ber ©eier, the vulture 

ber £abid)t, the hawk 

ber £afyn, the cock, rooster 

ber <panfling, the linnet 

ber §el)r, the blue-jay 


the hen 


bag £ufyrt, ) 
bie §enne, > 
bag £iifyn djen, the chicken 


ber Sftaulhntrf, the mole 
bie 9ttaug, the mouse 
ber ^anttyer, the panther 
bie SRatte, the rat 
bag 5ftefy, the roe 
bie Sfefyfufy, the doe 
bag 9fenntfyier, the reindeer 
ber ©eefyunb, the seal 
bag ©tinftbier, the skunk 
ber Xiger, the tiger 
ber SBafdjbar, the raccoon 
bag 5ffiiefel, the weasel 
ber 5E8olf, the wolf 

Domestic Animals, 
bag Sftaultfyier, the mule 
ber Dcfyfe, the ox 
bag 0di>af, the sheep 
bag ©djtoein, the hog, swine, pig 
bie 3iegc, the goat 
bag 3idlein, the kid 

Birds. 

bie 9)?eije (fdjtoarsfbbfige) the chickadee 

bie -ftadjtigal, the nightingale 

ba§ $Perltyufm, the guinea-hen 

ber 5£apagei, the parrot 

ber 5£fau, the pea-cock, pea-hen 

ber 5J3fingftbogeI, the oriole 

ber Slabe, the raven 

ber Sftaubbogel, the bird of prey 

bag Sfteb^ubn, the partridge 

ber 9ieityer, the heron 

bag 9fotIjfe^Idjen, the robin 

ber ©pedjt, the wood-pecker 

bie 0djnebfe, the snipe 

ber 0d;ttabel, the bill, beak 

ber Staar, the starling 

ber ©djtoan, the swan 

bie ©djfitalbe, the swallow 

ber 0tordj, the stork 

ber Sterling, the sparrow 

ber <3ingbogeI, the singing-bird 

ber ©pottbogel, the mocking-bird 


SBorterberseidjnifj. 


73 


bcr $anarienbogef, the canary 

bcr $icE>ift, the plover 

ber $ofibri, the humming-bird 

bie $ratte, $faue, the talon 

bic $rdfye, the crow 

ber $ro^f, Shagen, the gizzard 

bcr flufol, the cuckoo 

bie Serene, the lark 

bie 9ttbh?e, the gull 

$ i f $ c. 

Ser Star, the eel 

bie 2Ufe, the shad 

bcr 23arfd), the perch 

bie 3lufter, the oyster 

bie ^oreUe (23ad)), brook-trout 

bie $orefle (©ee), lake-trout 

ber faring, the herring 

ber £aififd), the shark 

bcr Rummer, the lobster 

bcr .§ed)t, the pike 

bcr $arpfen, the carp 

bcr $re&?, the crab 

ber $reb§, the crawfish 

ber £adj§, the salmon 

Slmpfyibicn. 

2)er Shligator, the alligator 
bie Sltiaconba, the anaconda 
ber SBtutegef, the leech 
bie ©ibedjfe, the lizard 
ber ftrofeb, the frog 
bie $fap|>erfdjlange, the rattlesnake 
bie $iipferf$Iange, the coppersnake 
ba§ $rofobiff, the crocodile 
bie £rote, the toad 
bcr $reb§, the crab, craw-fish 
ber Saubfrofd), the tree-frog 
^nfeftert. 

2)ie 2fmeife, the ant 

bie SBetttoange, the bed-bug 

bie 23iene, the bee 

ber $Io$, the flea 

bie ©rifle, the cricket 

bag §eimcfyen, the cricket 


ber ©traiijj, the ostrich 

bie £aufje, the pigeon 

bcr Srutfyafm, the turkey, gobbler 

bie £urtcltauf>e, the dove 

bie 2Bacf)tef, the quail 

bie ©afbfd^neljfe, the wood-cock 

ber SBafferbogef, the water-fowl 

ber 3<umfbnig, the wren 

ber gugbogef, the bird of passage 

Fish. 

bie Sftafrefe, the mackerel 

bie SJleergrunbef, the rock fish 

ber ^fteertoofft the bass 

ba§ -Keunauge, the lampret eel 

bie ©arbeUc, the sardine 

bie ©djoKe, the halibut 

ber ©tint, the smelt 

bcr ©tocffifdj, the cod fish 

bie ©djilbfrote, the turtle 

ber ©dgefifcfy, the saw-fish 

bcr ©djtocrtfifdj, the sword-fish 

bcr Sintenfifd), the cuttle-fish 

bie SBafferfcbifbfrote, the terrapin 

ber SBalffifd), the whale 

Amphibious Animals, 
bie Dttcr, the adder 
ber Ddjfenfrofd), the bull-frog 
ber Sffegentnurm, the grub, earth-worm 
bie 9tiefenfchange, boa constrictor 
bie ©djifbfrBte, the tortoise, turtle 
ber ©afamanber, the salamander 
bie ©efyneefe, the snail 
bie 2Bafferfcf)fange, the mocassin 
bie 2Bafferfdjifbfrote, the terrapin 
ber SBafferfrofd^, the water-frog 

Insects. 

bie ^reusftrinne, the garden-fly 

bie 2au3, the louse 

bie 9flabe, the maggot 

bie SJttide, the gnat 

bie 9Ru8fito, the musquito 

bie 9faupe, the caterpillar 


74 


SDBorterbcrgeidjnifj. 


bie £orni£, the hornet ber ©dunettorling, the butter-fly 

bie §eufd)rede, the grass-hopper, bic ©tubcnfliegc, the fly 
locust bie ©pimte, the spider 

bcr £irfd)fafer, the horned beetle bic 2Be3|>c, the wasp 
ber $dfer, the bug, beetle 


SBerfdjiebene SSbrtcr. 


I the image, copy 


©a§ 2lb6ilb, 

©ie 3tbbilbung, 
bic 2tbbitte, begging pardon 
bcr Stbbrud), the injury, damage 
bic 21bban!ung, the discharge, 


dis- 


bcr Stbbrud, the copy 
bcr 2tbcrglaubc, the superstition 
bic Slbgabe, the tax, duty 
bic Slbgefcfymadtfyeit, the absurdity 
bic Slbgegogenfyeit, the retiredness 
bic Stbfrmft, the descent 
bcr 91b(auf, the expiration 
bic Slbneigung, the antipathy, aversion 
bic Slbfdjeulidjfeit, abominableness 
bcr Slbfdjhtjj, the closing, conclusion 
bic Stbtyanmmg, the relaxation 
bic Stbfpiegehmg, the reflection 
bic Slbtfyeilung, the division 
bic 21bircd^clung, the change 
bie Stcfyttofigfeit, the carelessness 
bie 2tdjtung, the attention, esteem 
bcr 9lbel, the nobility 
bic Slefjnlidjfeit, the likeness, resem¬ 
blance 

bic Sllmofen, the alms 
bic 21nbad>t, the devotion 
bic Sfafedjtung, the attacking, temp¬ 
tation 

bic Stnforberurtg, the claim 
bic Slnfrage, the inquiry 
bic SIngabc, the statement 
bic Slttgft, the anxiety 
bic 21n!unft, the arrival 
bic Slnmuti), the gracefulness 
bcr Slnftanb, the behavior, deport¬ 
ment 

bic Slnfted'ung, the contagion 


Various Words, 
bie SlnftelUtng, the employment 
bcr Slnftrid), the coat of paint 
bcr Slntrieb, the impulse 
bic Slnircnbung, the use, application 
ba§ £tn$eid)ett, the sign 
bcr Stypetit, the appetite 
bic 2lrbeit, the work 
bcr Stergcr, the anger, vexation 
bcr 2lrgtoofyrt, the suspicion 
bic 2lriftofratie, the aristocracy 
bcr Stttyem, the breath 
bic 9termtid;feit, the poverty 
bcr 31ufentf;cilt, the stay, residence 
bic 2Iufforbcrung, the summons, chal¬ 
lenge 

bic Slufgebtafen^eit, the haughtiness, 
arrogance 

bic Slufljeiterung, the cheerfulness 

bic Stufmcrffamfeit, the attention 

bcr 2tufrut;r, the riot, rebellion 

bcr Siuftrag, the order 

bic Stu§funft, the information 

bic 2lu§n?anberurtg, the emigration 

bic 2 tu§ 3 ef>rung, the consumption 

bic 33a(gcrei, the wrestling, fight 

bic SBarmfyergigfeit, the mercy, charity 

bcr 33eamte, the officer 

bcr Sebadjt, the consideration 

bic SPcbingung, the condition 

ba§ Seburfnijs, the need, want 

bcr $8efef)l, the order, command 

bic Sefurdjtimg, the fear 

bic 23egebenfyeit, the event, occuren'ce 

bic Scgnabigung, the pardon 

bie Segriifcung, the greeting 

bic 23cl;anblung, the treatment 

bic $8eid)te, the confession 

bcr 33eifaff, the applause 


SBorterberaeidjnijj. 


75 


ba§ Scifptci, the example bag Gigenityuin, the property 

bie $3efannt[djaft, the acquaintance bic Gigentfyiimlicfyfeit, the peculiarity 

bic 33efummcrnijj, the affliction, grief ber Gmbrucf, the impression 

bic SBefcfyrung, i the information bcr ® in S an 9' the entrance 

bic SBenacIjricfjtigunvg, ) ber Ginbalt, the check, stop 


bic 93ered)tigung, the right, title 
ber SBeruf, the calling 
bie 23efd;dbigung, the damage 
bie 33cfd;dftigung, the occupation 
ber 33efd)cib, the answer, information 
bie $8e[d)im£fung, the insult 
bie '^ef^rdnftfyeit, the shallow-minded 
ness 

bie 33efinnung, the recollection, con¬ 
sideration 

bie 33efferung, the improvement, re¬ 
covery 

bic 53eftatigung, the confirmation 
ber Setrug, the fraud, humbug 
bie SBettetei, the begging 
bic 33eit>egung, the motion, movement 
bie Scinunberung, the admiration 
bie Scjafyhmg, the payment 
bic 33ilbung, the culture, civilization 
ber SBIbbfinn, the silliness, idiocy 
bie Soifdjaft, the message 
bie ©iirgfcbaft, the security 
ber Gfyarafter, the character 
bie Gonboleng, the condolence 
bag Gonfulat, the consulate 
bie Gorrefyonbenj, the correspondence 
ber ©rebit, the credit 
bic ®anfbarfeit, the gratitude, thank¬ 
fulness 

bie ©arfteflung, the exhibition 
bie 2)emutfj, the humility 
ber ©ienft, the service 
ber ©rucf, the pressure 
ber Surdj&rucfy, the break 
bie Summit, the stupidity 
ber Smrft, the thirst 
bie Gf)C, the marriage, matrimony 
bie G^re, the honor 
bic Gfyrerbiehmg, the reverence, re¬ 
spect 


bie Gittigung, the agreement 
ber Ginfauf, the purchase 
bie Ginlabung, the invitation 
ber Ginlafj, the admission 
bie Ginteitung, the introduction 
bie Ginmijdjung, the interference 
-bie Ginobe, the desert 
ber Ginfprudj, the protest 
bie Ginftanberung, the immigration 
bie Gintoenbung, the objection 
bie Ginnnlligung, the consent 
ber Gfel, aversion, dislike 
bie Gtafticitat, the elasticity 
ber Grrtyfang/ the reception 
bic Gmbfinbung, the feeling, sen¬ 
sation 

bie Gnergie, the energy 

bic Gntbecfung, the discovery 

bie Gntefyrung, the degradation 

bie Gnterbung, the disinheriting 

bie Gntfcrnung, the distance 

bie Gntfii^rung, the elopement 

bie Gntgegrtung, the reply 

bie Gntfyaltjamfeit, the abstinence 

ber Gntfmfiagmug, the enthusiasm 

bic Gntmitt^igung, the discouragement 

bie Gntfdjeibung, the decision 

bic Gntfdjtoffenljeit, the determination 

ber Gntfdjtufj, the resolution 

bic Gntftefyung, the origin 

bie Gntftctfung, the misrepresentation 

bie Gnt^itcfung, the ecstasy 

bic Gntgiinbimg, the inflammation 

bie Grbfdjaft, the inheritance 

bag Grbarmen, the pity 

bie Grfatyrung, the experience 

bic Grfinbung, the invention 

bie Grgebung, the devotion 

bie Grgebung, the elevation 

bie Grfenntnifj, the perception 


76 


SBorterberjeidjnifj. 


bie ©rftarung, the explanation 
bic ©rfunbigung, the inquiry 
bie ©rlangung, the obtainment 
bie ©rlaubnifi, the permission 
bie ©rmatynung, the admonition 
bie ©rmattung, the exhaustion 
bie ©rmiibung, the fatigue 
bie ©rniebrigung, the humiliation 
ber ©rnft, the earnest 
bie ©rquidung, the refreshment 
bie ©rfdjeinung, the appearance 
bie ©rftattung, the compensation 
bie ©rtodgmtg, the reflection 
bie ©rtoartuttg, the expectation 
ber ©rtoerb, the gain, business 
bie ©rtoiberung, the reply 
bie ©rolling, the tale, story, narra¬ 
tion 

bie ^alfd^eit, the falsehood 
bie $cdfd)ung the adulteration 
bie ^aultyeit, the idleness 
ber $efy(er, the fault, mistake, error 
bie ^einbicfyaft, the hostility 
ber the miser 
ber $leifj, the diligence 
ber $Iudjtling, the fugitive 
bie $orm, the form, figure 
bie $radjt, the freight, cargo 
bie $reifyeit, the liberty, freedom 
bie ^reube, the joy, enjoyment 
ber trembling, the stranger, foreigner 
bie $reunbfdjaft, the friendship 
ber $rebel, the trespass, mischief 
ber §riebe, the peace 
bie ^rbfytidjfeit, the cheerfulness, 
gladness 

bie $rbmme(ei, the bigotry 

ber $roft, the frost 

bie ^rudjtbarfeit, the fertility 

ber $iifyrer, the guide, leader 

bie $iitteruug, the feeding, food 

bic Babe, the gift 

ber Gage, the wages 

ber Galgen, the gallows 

ber ©auner, the swindler, sharper 


bie Geburt, the birth 
bag Gebacfytnifb the memory 
bie Gcfatyr, the danger 
bag Gefit^t, the feeling, touch 
bag Gefjeimnifj, the secret 
ber Gefyorfam, the obedience 
ber Geift, the spirit 
bag Getddjter, the laughter 
bie Gelegenfjeit, the occasion, oppor¬ 
tunity 

bag Gemiitf;, the mind 

bie Genefjmigung, the approbation 

bag Gefdjaft, the business 

ber Gefdjmad, the taste 

bag Gefdjttard), the snoring 

bag Gefdjnxifc, the. talk 

bie Gefdjtoinbigfeit, the swiftness 

bieGefeltfdjaft, the society 

bag Gefprdd), the conversation 

bie Gefunbfyeit, the health 

bag Getbfe, the noise 

ber Getoafyrfam, the custody^ 

bag Getuerbe, the trade 

bag Getoiffen, the conscience 

bie Geiuofynljeit, the habit, custom 

bag Gcjanf, the quarreling 

bie Gid)t, the gout 

bag Gift, the poison 

ber Gtaube, the faith, belief 

bag Gliid, the fortune, luck 

bie Gnabe, the grace, mercy 

ber Grciucl, the horror 

bie Grbjje, the greatness 

bie Giite, the kindness 

ber £>aber, the quarrel, brawl 

ber foanbel, the commerce 

ber Jpafj, the hatred 

bie Jpeiterfeit, the cheerfulness 

bie iperrlidjfeit, the magnificence 

bag £erj, the heart 

bie Jpeucfjelei, the hypocrisy 

bie &e£e, the witch 

ber giimmef, the heaven 

bie ipifce, the heat 

bie Jpoffnung, the hope 


SOBorterbergeidjnifj. 


77 


bic §ol)e, the hight 

ber <poI)n, the scorn, sneer 

ber fpuftcn, the cough 

bic $>bee, the idea 

ber Smbtjj, the luncheon 

bie ^nbuftrte, the industry 

ber ^nfyaber, the possessor 

bie ^nfd)rift, the inscription 

ba§ ^nfiitut, the institute 

ba§ ^ntereffe, the interest 

bie ^ronie, the irony 

bie ^rrenanftalt, the lunatic asylum 

ber ^rrttyum, the error 

ber $agb, the hunt, chace, hunting 

ber ^ager, the hunter 

ba§ ^a^r, the year 

ber ^ournalift, the journalist 

ber ^ubcl, the jubilation, jubilee 

bie Sugenb, the youth 

ber $aifer, the emperor 

bie ^aijerin, the empress 

bie Starte, the card, map 

ber $auf, the purchase, bargain 

ber $egel, the tenpin 

bie $cgelbal)n, the bowling-alley 

ba§ $cnngeid)cn, the sign 

bie $erbe, the notch 

ba§ $erld)en, the little fellow 

bie Slinberfrau, the nurse 

bie £ifte, the chest 

ber &<£el, the tickling 

bie Rafter, the cord 

bie ftla^c, the valve, lid 

bie SUatfdjerei, the gossiping 

bie SUcmme, the pinch 

bie ^lingel, the bell 

bie Sluft, the gap 

ber Snail, the clap, crack 

ber Sncbcl, the gag 

ber Snoten, the knot 

ber Sonig, the king 

bie Sbnigin, the queen 

ber Sotfy, the mud, dirt 

bie Sraft, the strength, force 

ber Sramjjf, the cramp, spasm 


ber $rang, the wreath 
bie Sreatur, the creature 
ber $rei3, the circle 
bie Sritif, the criticism 
bie Sronung, the coronation 
bie Sugel, the ball 
ber Summer, the sorrow, grief 
bie Sunbfdjaft, the customers 
bie Sunft, the art 
bie Surge, the brevity, shortness 
ber Sufj, the kiss 
ba§ Sddjeln, the smile 
ber Saben, the store, shop 
ber Saben f^enfter), the shutter 
ber Said), the spawn 
bie Sdnge, the length 
ber Sdrm, the noise 
ba§ Safter, the vice 
bie Sdfterung, the slander 
bie Safterbaftigfeit, the viciousness, 
wickedness 
ba§ Saub, the foliage 
bie Sauer, the ambush 
ber Sauf, the course 
bie Saunigfeit, the humorousness 
ba§ Seben, the life 
ba§ Seber, the leather 
ba3 Seibdjen, the bodice 
ba§ Seiben, the affliction 
bie Seifte, the border 
bie Seiftung, the performance 
bie Siebc, the love, affection 
ber Siebling, the darling 
ber Siebreig, the charm 
bie Sinberung, the soothing 
ba§ Sod), the hole 
ba§ Soo§, the lot, fate 
bie Sumperei, the trifle 
bie Suft, the delight, joy 
bie 3Jiadjt, the power, might 
ba§ 9Jlabl, the meal 
ba§ aJidtyrcfyen, the tale 
bie aflajeftat, the majesty 
ber ajfafler, the broker 
ba§ 3Jlalg, the malt 


78 


2 B o r t e r b e r 3 e i d) n i fj. 


ber -JJtanget, the want 
bie Earner, the manner 
ber 3Jtarft, the market 
bie ajtafdjine, the machine 
bie aitagfcrabe, the masquerade 
bie aftaffe, the mass, bulk 
bie -JM&igfeit, the temperance 
bag Material, the material 
bie aftaturitat, the maturity 
bie ailauer, the wall 
bag aJtaul, the mouth 
bie -Utaurerei, the masonry 
bie aJteiming, the opinion 
bie aftefyrljeit, the majority 
ber SJieifter, the master, boss 
bie avenge, the quantity 
bie aftietlje, the rent 
bie aJiinbcrbcit, the minority 
bie aJtifjcicfytung, the disregard 
bie aJUfsbilligimg, the disapprobation 
ber aJiijjbraudb, the abuse 
bag aJttjjgefdjid, the mishap 
bag aJIifjlingen, the failure 
ber aJUfjmutl), the melancholy, sadness 
ber aftifitott, the discord 
bag aOtifitrauen, the,mistrust 
bag aftifjberftanbnif}, the misunder¬ 
standing 

bie aftitgabe, the dowry 

ber s DJittag, noon, midday 

ba§ ajftttel, the remedy, means 

btc 9!Jtobe, the fashion 

ber aJtomcnt, the moment 

bie 9Jtoralitat, the morality 

bie attune, the mill 

bie aJiii^fai, the difficulty 

bie aJiiinge, the coin 

bie 3^uf(f)el, the shell 

bie 9Jtufje, the leisure 

ber aftiifjiggang, the idleness 

ber aftutl), the courage 

bie 9ia<f;afymung, the imitation 

ber aiadjbar, the neighbor 

bie atacfybarfdjaft, the neighborhood 

ber atadjfolger, the successor 


bie atad;forfdt;ung, the inquiry, inquest 
bie aiadjgeburt, the after-birth 
ber atadjgefd^matf, the after-taste 
ber atadjfomme, the descendant, off¬ 
spring 

bie aiad;fommenfd)aft, the posterity 
bie aiad;Iaffenfd)aft, the inheritance 
bie atadjtciffigfeit, the negligence 
ber aiadjmittag, the afternoon 
bie aiadjfdjrift, the postscript 
bie atadjfidjt, the forbearance 
bie aiadjt, the night 
bie 9tadjtmu£e, the night-cap 
bie aiactyttoadje, the night-watch 
ber 9tad;tfyeil, the disadvantage 
ber aiadjloeig, the proof 
ber 3tad)iDud;g, the after-growth 
bie 3tad)3dfytung, the counting over 
again 

ber atadcn, the neck 
bie atabet, the needle 
ber 3tagel, the nail 

bie 3iafye, the nearness, neighborhood 

bag aia^garrt, the twine 

bie aiafymafcfdne, the sewing-machine 

bie aia^r^aftigfeit, the nutrition 

bie aia^nabet, the sewing-needle 

bie aiafyrung, the nourishment, food 

bie 3tafyfd;ute, the sewing-school 

bie aiafyerin, the seamstress 

berjtfame, the name 

ber Starr, the fool, fop 

bie 5tarrl;eit, the foolishness 

bie atatur, the nature 

ber ategcr, the negro 

ber 3icib, the envy 

bie 9teige, the sediments 

bie ateigumg, the inclination 

bie ateu^eit, the novelty 

bie ateuigfeit, the news 

ber ateuling, the novice 

bie atieberfaljrt, the descent 

ber atiebergang, the setting 

bie atieberfunft, the confinement 

bag atiefcn, the sneezing 


SSbrterberjeidjnijj. 


79 


bic iftiete, the blank 

bic 9li£C, the water-fairy 

bie 9tote, the note, bill 

bie 9iotfy, the need, want 

bic 9totig, the notice 

bic Summer, the number 

bic 9ciifter, the nostril 

bcr 9tu^cn, the use 

bic the nymph 

bie Dbfyut, the protection 

bie Dbrigfcit, the authority 

bie Df)nmad)i, the weakness, swoop 

bag Dpfcr, the sacrifice 

bee Drben l theorder 

bie DrbnungJ 

ber Drr, the place 

bie Ocrttid)fcit, the locality 

ba§ $aac, the pair 

bic parting, the pairing 

bie ^acfyt, the lease, rent 

bag ^paefet, package, parcel 

bag papier, the paper 

bic Spappe, the paste-board 

bag ^arabieg, the paradise 

ber ^3arf, the park 

bic ^partfyci, the party 

bic ^artie, the parcel, lot 

bcr $afj, the pass 

bcr 5paffagicr, the passenger 

bic Spatfd;c, the puddle 

bag s #edj, the pitch; (fig.) misfortune 

bic $eitfd)e, the whip 

bcr $el$, the fur 

bic ^Periobe, the period 

bic <perriicfe, the wig 

btc <perfon, the person 

bic petition, the petition 

bag ^pet[d)aft, the seal 

ber $Pfab, the path 

bag :pfanb, the pawn 

bcr ^Pfanbberleifyer, the pawn-broker 

bic Spfcife, the pipe, whistle 

bcr ^Pfcil, the arrow 

bcr 3Pfcrcf;, the manure 

bag ^flafter, the plaster 


bic Ipftcge, the care 

bic SPftirfjt, the duty 

bcr ^Pflocf, the peg, plug 

bic ^Pfote / the paw 

bcr ^pfrient, the awl, punch 

bcr ^pfrol)fert, the cork, stopper 

bcr ^fretyfensiefyer, the cork-screw 

bag ipfunb, the pound 

bcr -plan, the plan 

bcr ^pia£, the place 

bic ^piauberei, the chattering 

ber ^pbbel, the mob 

bic ^Polijei, the police 

bic ^Poft, the post, mail 

bic $rad)t, the pomp 

bcr ^Prafyler, the boaster 

bag 'Praparat, the preparation 

bcr Prafentirtetfer, the waiter 

bcr ^preig, the price 

bcr spring, the prince 

bic probe, the rehearsal, trial 

bag Probuct, the product 

bcr profit, the profit 

bcr prophet, the prophet 

bcr probiant, the provision 

bic Priifung, the examination 

bcr Prugel, the club, stick 

ber Prurtf, the show, state 

bcr Pubct, the poodle-dog 

bcr Puber, the powder 

bie pumpe, the pump 

bcr Purtft, the point, period 

bie piinftficfyfeit, the punctuality 

bic Pup^c, the doll 

bcr pu£, the attire, dress 

bcr Buadfalber, the quack 

bag Buabrat, the square 

bic Bualerei, the torment 

bic Dual, the pain 

bic Bualitcit, the quality 

bcr Du aim, the smoke 

bic Buappc, the tad-pole 

bag Buartier, the quarter 

bic BueBfe, the source, spring 

bic Buctfd)ung, the contusion 


80 


SBSrterberjeid&nifj. 


bie Quittung, the receipt 

bie 9iarf)e, the vengeance, revenge 

ber Dfadjen, the throat, jaws 

ber 31anb, the edge, brim 

ber 9fang, the rank, order 

ber 31ajcn, the sod 

bag 31afirmeffer, the razor 

ber fftatty, the advice 

bag Sftatfyfel, the riddle 

ber 31au6, the robbery 

ber dauber, the robber 

ber 3iaud;>, the smoke 

bag 3iaucfyen, the smoking 

ber 9laufd», the intoxication 

bte Reaction, the reaction 

bie 31edjnung, the bill 

bag fftedjt, the right 

bie 9iebe, the speech 

bie 3ieget, the rule 

bie 3iegierung, the government 

bie 31egung, the motion 

ber 9feid;t(mm, the riches 

bie 9tei(>e, the row, file, turn 

ber 3teirr, the rhyme 

bie 91einigung, the cleaning 

bag 3leig, the twig 

ber 3teiter, the rider 

ber Jtei^, the charm 

bie 3iettung, the saving 

ber Dtiegel, the bolt, bar 

ber Piemen, the strap 

ber 3tiefe, the giant 

bie 9iinbe, the bark 

bie 31inne, the gutter 

ber 9fitt, the ride 

ber fitter, the knight 

bag 9tof?r, the reed 

bie 3iofyre, the pipe, tube 

bie 3io'tle, the roll 

ber 9ioft, the rust, grate 

bie 3totte, the gang 

ber Dfofc, the glanders 

ber 9tuden, the back 

bie 3iiidfafjrt, the return 

bie 9tiidfid)t, the respect, discretion 


ber 3tuf, the calling 
bie 91ul)e, the rest, repose 
ber Sfufym, the glory 
ber 9iumpf, the trunk, rump 
bie 3tunbe, the round, patrol 
bie Dlutfye, the rod 
ber Saab the hall, saloon 
bie Sadje, the thing, matter 
ter Sad, the bag 
ber Soft, the sap, juice 
bie Sage, the saw 
ber Sanb, the sand 
ber ©arg, the coffin 
ber Sa£, the sentence 
bie Sanftmutl;, the gentleness 
ber Saufer, the drunkard 
bie Saule, the column 
bie Saurc, the acid 
ber Sfanbat, the scandal 
bie Sdjaar, the troop, band 
bie Sdjadjtet, the box 
ber Sdjabe, the damage, loss 
bag ©djaffot, the scaffold 
ber Sdjalf, the rogue 
bie Sdjam, the shame 
bie Sdjanbe, the disgrace 
bie Sdjanbung, the rape 
ber Sdjatten, the shadow 
ber Sdjafc, the treasure 
bag ©dja^djen, the sweetheart 
bie Sdjau, the show 
ber Sdjauber, the shuddering 
ber Sdjauer, the shower 
ber Scfyaum, the seam, foam 
bie Sdjeibe, the target 
ber Sdjeirt, the appearance (fig.) the 
shine 

bag Sdjeit, the piece of wood 

bie Sdjefte, the bell 

ber Sd;elm, the rogue 

bie Sdjenhmg, the donation 

ber Sdjerj, the joke 

bie Sdjidjt, the layer 

ba§ Sdjidfal, the fate 

ber Sdjiefer, the slate 


Sorter bergcicfynifj. 


81 


bag ©djilb, the sign 
bic ©d)Uberung, the description 
ba§ ©djilf, the reed 
bcr ©djimmer, the glimmer 
bcr ©cpinbef, the shingle 
bcr ©d)irm, the screen 
ber ©djtaf, the sleep 
ber ©cf;lag, the blow, stroke 
ber ©cpldget, the mallet 
bcr ©cplamm, the mud, mire 
bcr ©d)laud), the hose 
bic ©djtaufyeit, the slyness 
bcr ©djleier, the veil 
bic ©djleife, the knot, loop 
bic ©djlingc, the noose, loop 
bcr ©djlingel, the scoundrel 
bag ©djtofj, the lock (door), the 
castle, palace 

bcr ©cplufi, the end, conclusion 
bcr ©cpluffel, the key 
bic ©cprnad), the disgrace 
bic ©d)mapung, the abuse 
bcr ©d)maro£er, the sponger 
bic ©cptneicbclei, the flattery 
bcr ©djmelj, the enamel 
bic ©djme^e, the melting, smelting 
bcr ©d)mer$, the pain 
bic ©<$miere, the grease 
bie ©cpminfe, the rouge 
bcr ©cfjmucf, the ornament 
bic ©cpmucfung, the adoration 
ber ©c&mu£, the dirt, filth 
bic ©cpnatte, the buckle 
bie ©cpnccfe, the snail 
bcr ©cpnee, the snow 
bic ©cpneibe, the edge 
bic ©cpnclligfeit, the quickness, ve¬ 
locity 

bcr ©cpnitt, the cut 

ber ©d)ni$, the slice 

bic ©cpnur, the cord 

bic ©d^on^eit, the beauty 

bcr ©d)oo£j, the lap 

bic ©d)dpfung, the creation 

bcr ©cpornftein, the chimney, flue 


bic ©d)raube, the screw 

ber ©djrecfen, the fright 

bic ©d;rift, the writing 

bcr ©djritt, the step 

bie ©d)iid;tern(>eit, the shyness 

bic ©djulb, the crime, guilt 

bie ©cpuppe, the scale 

bcr ©djufj, the shot 

bcr ©cputt, the rubbish 

ber ©d)ui$, the protection 

ber ©djiiije, thn shooter, marksman 

bic ©cptoacpe, the weakness 

bag ©cfjtocigcn, the silence 

bcr ©d)toeif$, the sweat 

bic ©cptoemme, the watering 

bic ©d)it>ere, the weight 

bcr ©cptmnbcl, the fraud 

bic ©d)toule, the sultriness, closeness 

bcr ©doming, the swing 

bcr ©djtour, the oath 

bic ©cete, the soul 

bic ©efynfucpt, the longing 

bic ©eife, the soap 

bag ©eil, the rope 

bic ©cite, the s;de 

bcr ©efretar, the secretary 

bcr ©eufjer, the sigh, groan 

bic ©ieperfyeit, the security 

bag ©iegel, the seal 

bic ©ittc, the custom 

ber ©ftabe, the slave 

bag ©obbrennen, the heart-burn 

bcr ©olb, the pay 

bic ©orge, the care 

bcr ©pan, the chip 

bic ©panne, the span 

bcr ©pafj, the joks 

bcr ©pasiergang, the taking a walk 

bag ©pief, the play, game 

bcr ©piejj, the spear 

bag ©pinngetoebe, the cob-web 

bag ©pital, the hospital 

bic ©pi^e, the point 

bcr ©pfitter, the splinter 

bcr ©pott, the derision 


82 


2 B o r t e r b c r 5 e i d) tt i f$. 


bic ©pittterei, the mockery 
bie ©pradje, ^e language 
ber ©predjer, the speaker 
bag ©pricpftort, the proverb 
bie ©treu, the chaff 
bie ©pripiid)fe, the syringe 
bie ©prilje, fire-engine 
bie ©probigfeit, the brittleness 
ber ©profs, the sprig, shoot 
ber ©prud), the sentence 
bie ©pude, the spittle 
ber Sprung, the leap, jump 
ber ©puf, the apparition 
bie ©pule, the spool 
bag ©piitic^t, the dish-water 
ber ©punb, the bung 
bag ©punblod), the bung-hole 
bie ©pur, the trace, track 
ber ©taar, the starling 
ber ©taat, the state 
ber ©tab, the staff, stick 
ber ©tacpet, the sting 
bie ©tabt, the city, town 
ber ©tapl, the steel 
bie ©tallung, the stabling 
ber ©tanb, the stand, position, con¬ 
dition, rank 
bie ©tange, the pole 
bic ©tarfe, the strength 
bie ©tarrfyeit, the stiffness 
bie ©tation, the station 
bie ©iatte, the place 
ber ©taub, the dust 
bie ©taube, the shrub, bush 
bie ©tauung, the stowing 
ber ©teg, the small bridge 
bie ©teifljeit, the stiffness 
ber ©tein, the stone 
ber ©teinbrucfj, the quarry, 
bie ©telle, the place, spot 
bie ©tellung, the situation 
ber ©tempel, the stamp 
ber ©tern, the star 
ber ©tid), the sting, stab 
ber ©tidjelname, the nick-name 


ber ©tiel, the handle 

ber ©tift, the tag, pin 

bie ©tiftung, the establishment 

ber ©til, the style 

bie ©title, the stillness, silence 

bie ©timme, the voice 

bie ©tintmung, the tone, disposition 

ber ©tod, the stick 

ber ©toff, the matter, material 

bag ©toreifen, the poker 

bie ©toning, the disturbance 

ber ©tbfjel, the pestle, rammer 

bie ©trafe, the punishment 

ber ©trafling, the convict 

ber ©tratyl, the beam, ray 

bie ©tranbung, the stranding 

bic ©trafje, the street 

ber ©treidj, the stroke 

ber ©treif, the stripe 

ber ©treit, the quarrel 

bie ©trenge, the strictness 

ber ©tricp, the stroke 

ber ©trid, the rope 

bie ©trieme, the stripe 

bag ©trol;, the straw 

bie ©tube, the room 

bag ©tiid, the piece 

bag ©tubiurn, the study 

bie ©tufc, the step, degree 

ber (bie) ©tumme, the dumb person 

ber ©tumpf, the stump 

ber ©tunbe, the hour 

ber ©turg, the sudden fall 

bie ©ubelei, the dirty work 

bie ©urnme, the sum 

ber ©untpf, the swamp 

bie ©iinbe, the sin 

bie ©iifiigfeit, the sweetness 

bie ©pmpatfue, the sympathy 

bag ©pnbicat, the syndicate 

ber Xabad, the tobacco 

ber Sact, the time, tact 

ber Sabel, the fault, blame 

bie £afel, the table, slate 

ber Sag, the day 


2 Borterberacidjni&. 


83 


ba§ £alg, the tallow, suet 

ber Song, the dance 

bie Xctyete, the wall-paper 

bie Xafcfye, the pocket 

bie Safte, the key 

bie £aubfycit, the deafness 

bie $aufe, the baptism 

bie iEaufdjung, the delusion, illusion 

ber £eidj, the pond 

ber &eig, the dough 

ber Vermin, the term 

ber Xeufet, the devil 

ba§ X^al, the valley, vale 

bie the deed, action 

ber $beer, the tar 

ber £fjeif, the part, division 

ber Sfyon, the clay 

ber Efyor, the fool 

bie Styrdne, the tear 

ber Xfyron, the throne 

bie Sfyiir, the door 

ber Xfyunn, the tower, steeple 

bie Xiefe, the depth 

bie Xinte, the ink 

ber iEob, the death 

ber Xon, the sound, tone 

bie £rad)t, the costume 

ber £rdger, the bearer 

bie Xrauer, the mourning 

bie iEraube, the bunch of grapes 

ber £raum, the dream 

bie £raufe, the gutter 

bie Xrauung, the wedding 

bie Srennung, the separation 

bie Sreuc, the fidelity, loyalty 

ber Sridjter, the funnel 

bie Xrodcnfjeit, the dryness 

ber £rog, the trough 

ber Sropfen, the drop 

ber Sroft, the consolation 

ber Srotj, the defiance, scorn 

ber ftrubfinn, the sadness 

ber £rua, the deceit, fraud 

ber iErumpf, the trump 

bie Xugenb, the virtue 


bie Simcfye, the white-wash 
bie Sufcfye, the Indian-ink 
ba§ Uebel, the evil 
bie Uebelfeit, the sickness 
ber Ueberblicf, the survey 
ber Ueberbrufj, the disgust 
bie ttebcreinftintmung, the agreement 
ber Ueberfall, the surprise 
ber Ueberflufj, the abundance 
ber Uebergartg, the passage 
bie Ueberfyofert, the over-alls 
bie Ueberlegung, the consideration 
bie Ueberlifiurtg, the outwitting 
bie Uebernafyme, the taking posses¬ 
sion of 

bie Ueberrafdjung, the surprise 
ber Ucberrocf, the over-coat 
ber Uebcrfcfylag, the estimate 
bie Uebcrfd)reibung, the titling 
ber Ueberfcfyufj, the surplus 
bie Ueberficfyt, the survey 
bie Uebertretung, the trespass 
bie Ueberiodltiguttg, the overpowering 
bie Ueberimrtterung, the wintering 
bie Uebcrgeugung, the conviction 
bie Uebung, the exercise 
bie Ufyr, the watch, clock 
bie Umgebung, the environs 
ber Umgcmg, the intercourse, company 
bie Xtmfefyr, the return 
ber Umlauf, the rotation, circulation 
ba3 Umfdjjlagetud), the shawl 
bie Umjtdjt, the precaution 
ber Umftanb, the circumstance 
ber Umfturj, the down-fall 
bie tlmtoanblung, the change 
bie Unacfytfamfeit, the carelessness 
bie Unannetymlicfyfeit, the unpleasant¬ 
ness 

bie Unart, the improper behavior 
bie UnbarmJjerjigfeit, the unmerciful¬ 
ness 

bie Unbebadjtfamfeit, the indiscretion 
bie Unbefyaglidjfeit, the uncomfortable¬ 
ness 


84 


2B orterb erjeid^nifc. 


bic Unbequemtid&feit, the incommo- bie Unfemttnifj, j the ig norance 


diousness 


bie Unfunbe, 


bie Unbefd)eibenbeit, the indiscretion ber Unmenfcf), the cruel man 

bic Unbefdjoftenljeit, the blamelessness bie Unmbglicfyfeit, the impossibility 

bie Unbeftimmt^eit, the uncertainty ber Unmutfj, the ill-humor 

bie UnBetoegfid) feit, the immovableness bie Urtorbnung, the disorder 

bie Unbetoufjtfyeit, the unconsciousness bie Unpcifjlidjfeit, the indisposition 

bie Urtcfyrlidfjfeit, the dishonesty bag Unrest, the injustice 

bic Uneinigfeii, the disharmony bie Unregelmcifjigfeit, the irregularity 

bie Unembfinblidjfeit, the indifference bie Unreinfidjfeit, the uncleanliness 

bie UncntfdOfoffenfyeit, the irresolution bie Unridjtigfeit, the incorrectness 

bie Utterfatyrenljcit, the ignorance bie Unrufje, the trouble, restlessness 

bie Unerfdjrocfenfieit, the intrepidity bie Unfdbeinbarfeit, the insignificance 

bie UtterfgutterUdjfeit, the firmness bie Unfdjicflidjfeit, the impropriety 

bie Unertraglic|feit, the intolerableness bie Unfdjufb, the innocence 

bie Unfatyigfeit, the inability, inca- ber Unfegen, the curse 

pacity bie Unficfjcrfjeit, the insecurity 

bie Unfetylbarfeit, the infallibility bic Unfinnigfeit, the madness 

bie Unfofgfamfeit, the disobedience bie Unfittfidjfeit, the immorality 

bie Unfreunbfidjfeit, the unfriendliness bie Unftatigfeit, the unsteadiness 
ber Unfug, the misdemeanor bie Unfterbficfjfeit, the immortality 

bie Ungaftlicfyfeit, the inhospitality bie Unftrafbarfeit, the unblamelessness 
bie Ungebiifyr, the impropriety bie Untauglic^feit, the unfitness 

bie Ungebulb, the impatience ber llrtferbau, the foundation 

ber Unge^orfam, the disobedience bie llnterbriicfung, the oppression 
bie Ungeleljrt^eit, the ignorance ber Unftrgattg, the sinking, setting 

bag Ungemad), the calamity (sun) 

bie Ungenauigfeit, the inexactness bie Unterfyalt, the maintenance 
bag Unrest, the injustice ber Unterfjaftung, the conversation, 

bie Ungereimt^eit, the nonsense entertainment 

bie UngefcbitfUdjfeit, the awkwardness bie Untertyanbfung, the negotiation 
bie Ungefe|titf;feit, the illegality bie Unterfunft, the shelter, place 

ber Ungeftiim, the violence ber llrtternefymer, the undertaker 

bie Ungetoif^eit, the uncertainty bag llnterne^men, the enterprise 

bag Ungetoitter, the thunder-storm bie llnterrebung, the discourse 
bie Ungegogentyeit, the illbehavior bic llnterfcfjeibung, the discrimination 
ber Unglaube, the unbelief ber llnterfdjieb, the difference 

bie Ungteicpeit, the inequality bie Unterfcfjrift, the signature, sub¬ 
bag Ungliicf, the misfortune scription 

bie Ungnabe, the disgrace, inclemency bie llnberanttoortlictyfeit, the inexcusa- 

bie Ungunft, the disaffection bleness 

bie Unbalt&arfeit, the untenableness bie llnbergefjlicpeit, the unforgetful- 


bie Untyoflidljfeit, the impoliteness 
ber Unljolb, the fiend 
bie Unfoften, the charges 


bie llnbertrciglidjfeit, the quarrelsome 
disposition 


ness 


b r t e r b c r 5 e i dj rt i jj. 


85 


bie Unterftii£uttg, the support 
bic Unterjucfyung, the inquiry 
bie Unttyat, the misdeed 
ba§ Unttyier, the monster 
bie Untreue, the infidelity 
bie Uttbernunft, the want of reason 
bie Unberfdjamtfyeit, the shamelessness 
bcr Unberftaub, the want of sense 
bie Unberftdnblicfyfeit, the unintelligi¬ 
bility 

bie Unber§eiljlic§feit, the unpardon¬ 
ableness 

bic Unbollfommenfyeit, the incomplete¬ 
ness 

bie Unborfid^tigfeit, the improvidence 
bie Untoafyrfjaftigfeit, the want of 
veracity 

ber Untoertfy, the unworthiness 
bie Untoiberftefylicfyfeit, the irresisti¬ 
bility 

bie Untoiffen^eit, the ignorance 
bag Untoofytfein, the indisposition 
bie Ungudjt, the unchastity 
bie Un§ufriebenf)eit, the dissatisfaction 
bie lXe^^igfeit, the luxury 
ber Urbcgriff, the primitive idea 
bie Urfunbe, the deed, document 
ber Urfyrung, the origin 
bag Urt^eil, the judgment 
bie SBacanj, the vacancy 
bag SSentif, the valve 
bie SSerac^tung, the contempt 
bie 33 eranberlid)feit, the inconstancy 
bie SSeranbermtg, the change 
bie ifierardaffung, the cause 
bie SSerantroortlicfjfeit, the responsi¬ 
bility 

bie SSerbannung, the exile, banishment 

bie SSerbeugung, the bow 

bie SSerbinbuttg, the combination 

bie SSerborgen^eit, the concealment 

bie SSerbreiturtg, the spreading 

ber SBerfmnbete, the ally 

ber SBerbadjt, the suspicion 

bie SSerbammnifj, the damnation 


bie SBerbauung, the digestion 
bag SSerberben, the destruction 
bag SBerberbnifj, the corruption 
ber SScrbienft, the gain, profit 
bag SSerbienft, the merit 
ber SBerbrufc, the anger, trouble 
ber SBernn, the society 
bie SBereinigung, the association, union 
bie SSereitetung, the disappointment 
bag SBcrfafyren, the proceeding 
ber SBcrfatf, the decline 
bie SBerfatfdjung, the adulteration 
bie SScrfaffung, the constitution 
bie SSerfolgung, the persecution, prose¬ 
cution 

bie SBerfitgung, the disposition 

ber 33erfiil)rer, the seducer 

bie $ 8 erful)rung, the seduction 

bie SSergebung, the forgiveness 

bie SSergeltung, the retaliation 

bie JBergejjlidjfeit, the forgetfulness 

bie SBergiftung, the poisoning 

ber SBergleid), the arbitration 

bag SBergniigen, the pleasure 

bie SBergiitung the compensation 

bie SBerfyaftung, the arrest 

bag SBerfyciltiufj, the relation 

bag SBerfyangnifj, the fate 

bie SBerfyeerurtg, the devastation 

bie 23erIj>otynung, the mockery 

ber SSerfauf, the sale 

ber SSerfaufer, the vender, salesman 

ber JBerfefyr, the trade, intercourse 

bie JBerBfeiburtg, the disguise 

ber SSerlaut, the rumor 

bie SBertegenfyeit, the embarassment 

bie SBerle^ung, the hurt, wound 

bie SSerfeugrtung, the denial 

bie SBerieumbung, the slander 

ber SBerluft, the loss 

bag SBermcidjtnifj, the legacy 

bie 23ermal)tung, the wedding 

bie SBermcffurtg, the surveying 

bag SBermogen, the fortune 

bie SBermuttyung, the supposition 


86 


SBorterbcrgeic^ttifj. 


bie SBernidjtung, the annihilation 
bie SBcrnunft, the reason 
bie 33eroffentti$ung, the publication 
bie SBerpfiidjtung, the obligation 
bcr SSerratty, the treason 
bie SSerfammlung, the assembly, meet¬ 
ing 

ber Serfcfyfaenber, the squanderer 
bie SScrfcfyhriegentyeit, the discretion 
ba§ SBerjefycn, the mistake 
bie 33erfid)erung, the insurance 
bie SSerfotymtng, the reconciliation 
ber $ertydtung, the delay 
bie SSertyredjung, the promise 
ber $erftcmb, the sense 
bie SBerftanbigung, the understanding 
bie SBerfteigerung, the auction 
ber SBerftofj, the offence 
bie SBerfucfyung, the temptation 
bie SSertfyeibigung, the defence, 
apology 

bie SertfyeUung, the distribution 

ber $ertrag, the contract 

ba§ SSertrauen, the confidence 

bie SSerbollfommiturtg, the perfection 

bie SSertoattung, the administration 

ber SBertoanbte, the relation, kin 

bie SSertoeigerimg, the refusal 

ber $ertoci§, the reproof 

bie SBertoirfftdjung, the realization 

bie S3erttmnbung, the wounding 

bie $ergagtf>eit, the timidity 

bie SBerseifyung, the pardon 

ber SSergug, the delay 

bie Sergroeiftung, the despair 

bie SSifite, the visit 

ba§ SBolf, the people, nation 

bie SSoHenbung, the accomplishment 

bie SBoUgie^ung, the execution 

bie SBorbebeuftmg, the foreboding 

bie SSorbereiiurtg, the preparation 

ba§ SSorbifb, the model, emblem 

ber SSorgdnger, the predecessor 

bie $Borfel)rung, the provision 

ber SSorname, the Christian name 


ba§ SBorrecfyt, the privilege 

ber 93orfa£, the purpose 

ber 9$orfd)ein, the appearance 

ber $orfd}[ag, the proposal 

bie SSorjcfyrift, the prescription 

bie SBorfefyung, the providence 

bie SSorficfjt, the precaution 

ba§ iBorftnef, the prelude 

ber SSort^eit, the advantage 

ber 93ortrag, the delivery 

ber SSorumnb, the pretext 

ber SSortourf, the reproach 

ba§ SSorjimmer, the ante-room 

ber 33orgug, the preference 

bie 2Baare, the ware, merchandise 

bie 9Babe, the honey-comb 

ba§ 2Bad)3tfyum, the growth 

bie SSage, the pair of scales 

bie 2£afyf, the election, choise 

ber 2Baf;rt, the illusion 

bie 2SaI)rtyeit, the truth 

bie SBafyrnc^mung, the perception 

bie SBafyrfagurtg, the fortune-telling 

ba§ SQafyrgeicfyeri, the sign 

bie SBafburtg, the forest 

bie SBallfafyrt, the pilgrimage 

bie SBanb, the wall 

ber SBanbel, the conduct 

bcr iffianberer, the wanderer 

bie -ffidrme, the warmth 

bie SBarnung, the warning 

bie 2Bdfferung, the irrigation 

ber SBedjfet, the change 

ber 3£eg, the way 

ba<3 SBefy, the pain, ache 

bie SBefymutl;, the sadness 

bie 2Bei§beit, the wisdom 

bie SBeifurtg, the direction 

ber SBenbepunft, the turning point 

ba§ 2Berf, the work 

ber 33ertl), the value, worth 

bie SBette, the bet 

bie SBicfjfe, the blacking 

bie 2Bid)tigfeit, the importance 

ber 2BiUe, the mind, will 


SBbrterbergeidjnifj. 


87 


bic 2BiIfigfeit, the willingness 
ber SBiEfomm, the welcome 
bcr SBtyfef, the top 
ber SBirbef, the whirl 
bic Sffiirflidjfcit, the reality 
bie SSirffamfeit, the efficiency 
bie SBirfung, the affect 
bcr SDSirtf), the host 
bic 2Birtfyfd)aft, house-keeping 
bag SBirtpfjaug, the inn, tavern 
ber 2Bifd), the whisk 
bic SBifjbegicrbe, the curiosity 
bic SBiffenfdjaft, the science 
bcr 2Bi£, the wit 
bag 2Sofyf, the welfare 
bcr 2Bofynfi£, the dwelling-place, 
residence 

bic SBo^nung, the dwelling 
bic ©ortne, the delight 
bag SBort, the word 
bic 3Bud?t, the weight 
bag SSunber, the wonder 
bcr 2Bunfd), the desire 
ber 2Burf, the cast 
bcr 2Biirfef, the die, cube 
bic 28urft, the sausage 
bic SBurje, the malt liquor 
bic S-Burgel, the root 
bie the rage, fury 

bcr Saar, the czar 
bic gaarirt, the czarina 
bic Bade, the tooth, prong 
bic Baftf, the number 
bic Bablung, the payment 
bic Bafyfung, the counting 
bag Batten, the cutting teeth 
ber Banf, the quarrel 
bcr Bafcfat, the P in > P e S 
bic gartfieit, the tenderness 
bcr Bauber, the charm 
bic B^ubcrei, the witchcraft 
bic B<*uberei, the delaying 
bcr 3aun, the hedge, fence 
bic Beife, the line 


bic B^it, the time 

bic Beiturtg, the newspaper 

bag B^t, the tent 

bic B er tt;cifung, the division 

bag B eu 9/ the trash, implements 

bic Bi e Sef, the tile 

bag Btef. the aim, term, limit 

bic B^r, the ornament 

bcr Btgeuner, the gipsy 

bcr Bto§, the interest 

bcr Bittet, the circle 

bag Bittern, the trembling 

bic Bofe, the chamber-maid 

bcr BoC, the toll, custom, duty, inch 

ber Bol>f/ the pig-tail 

bcr B°tn, the anger, wrath 

bic Bii^tigung, the chastisement 

bcr B u fatf, the accident 

bic Bnflud)t, the refuge 

bic Bnfu^r, the conveyance 

bcr Bug, the draught 

bcr B u 9 an 0) the access 

bic Bttnuittyung, the imputation 

bie Btuta^me, the increase 

bcr Btntbcr, the tinder 

bic Bnncigung, the inclination 

bie B llre ^ e /- the persuasion 

bcr Butuf, the call 

bic Bufammenfunft, the meeting 

bcr 3ufa£, the addition 

ber 3ufd)aucr, the spectator 

bcr 3ufcf>nitt, the cut 

bic 3uftimmung, the consent 

mantemrn, ) the trust> confidence 

btc 3uberfid)t, > 

bcr 3toang, the constraint, coercion 

bcr 3it)ccf, the aim 

ber 3toeifel, the doubt 

ber 3toerg, the dwarf 

bag Stoiegetyrad), the dialogue 

ba§ 3toiclid)f, the twilight 


ber 3toift, 
bic 3toiftigfcit, 


the discord 


88 


©igenf$aft§ Sorter. 


QH$vnfdjaft#tv0vtev* 


Adjectives. 


2tbf$eutidf), horrible 
abftofjenb, repulsive 
abgetragen, worn 
atttagtid), daily 
attmatig, gradual 
attjafjrtidj, annual 
attmacfytig, allmighty 
attlruffenb, omniscient 
attein, alone 
alt, old 
atttidj, elderly 

anmut^ig, charming, graceful 
anmafjenb, assuming, arrogant 
angebaut, settled 
angenefym, agreeable 
antyrucfyStoS, unpretending 
anftartbtg, decent 
anftecfenb, contagious 
argmofyrtifcfy, suspicious 
arm, poor 

arbeitfatr, industrious 
artig, polite 
aufgeregt, excited 
aufmerffam, attentive 
aufjerorbentlid), extraordinary 
au§gegeid)net, excellent 
aufridjtig, true, sincere 
Sauerifd), rustic 
bebiirftig, needy 
befannt, known 
bemittett, wealthy 
befaJjngt, competent, able 
bequern, comfortable, convenient 
befriebigenb, satisfactory 
Jbereit, ready 

beforgt, apprehensive, careful 
befd)eiben, modest 
beftanbig, constant 
befomten, considerate, cautious 
betriibt, sorry 
beteubenb, important 
betrunfen, drunk, intoxicated 


betoegt, affected 

betrttgerifcfj, deceitful, cheating 

betoblft, cloudy 

betounbernSmertlj, admirable 

begaubernb, charming 

biegfam, flexible 

blau, blue 

btautid), bluish 

blafj, pale 

btafjrottj, pink 

bfanf, blank, bright 

billtg, cheap 

bitter, bitter 

bitterticty, bitterish 

blinb, blind 

bbfe, bad, ill, angry, mean 
boSfyaft, malicious 
blbbftnntg, feeble-minded 
braurt, brown 
braunltcl), brownish 
bucf'ettg, humpbacked 
Corpulent, stout 
Sanfbar, thankful, grateful 
be^nbar ductile 
biebifcb, thievish 
bemiitttfg, humble 
beutticfy, plain 
bid)t, dense 
bicf, thick 
breift, bold 

briicfenb, close, sultry 
bumm, dull, stupid 
bunfef, dark 
burnt, thin 
biirr, dry 
burftig, thirsty 
biifter, gloomy, dull 
©bet, noble 
edjt, genuine 
ecftg, cornered 
eyelid), matrimonial 
efyeto§, single 


©igenfdjaftSfobricr. 


89 


etyrlid), honest 
etyrbar, honorable 
cfyrerbieiig, reverent 
efyrgeijig, ambitious 
eiferfiidjtig, jealous 
eigenfinnig, obstinate 
etnfdltig, silly 
eigenniifdg, selfish 
einfad), plain, simple 
citef, vain 
etnjig, um'que 
eigen, own 
eilig, hasty 

eigentfjitmlid), peculiar 

eifern, iron, strong 

cfelfyaft, disgusting 

claftifd), elastical 

elenb, miserable 

emftg, assiduous 

emfcfinbttd), sensible 

empfcfyfen3rt)ertfy, recommendable 

eng, narrow 

eng^erjtg, narrow-minded 
entfernt, distant 
erregt, excited 
ernft, earnest, grave 
ernftlicfy, serious, eager 
erfreulid), delightful 
erfenntfid), grateful 
erftaunlicl), astonishing 
$a*>rlafftg, negligent 
falfdf), false, incorrect 
faut, lazy 

fefylerfyaft, incorrect 
fe*ig, coward 
felftg, rocky 
feudjt, moist, damp 
fett, fat 
fetyl, wrong 
fein, fine 
feierltd), solemn 
feinblid), hostile 
feft, firm 
feftlid;, solemn 
fleifdjig, fleshy 


whole 


fleijjig, diligent 
fettig, greasy 
finfter, dark 
frei, free 
frcigcbig, liberal 
fricbltd), peaceable 
frecfy, impudent 
freimuttyig, frank 
fvemb, strange, foreign 
freunbtidf), friendly 
freubig, joyful 
frifd^, fresh 
fro!?, glad 
frofyUd), joyous 
friify, early 
fromrn, pious 
furcbtfam, timid 
frudjtloS, fruitless 
frugal, frugal 
©alant, courteous 
gaHig, bilious 

ganjlidb, 
garftig, naughty 
gaftlicfy, hospitable 
gaunerifd), cheating 
gcbirgtg, mountainous 
gebraudjltcfj, usual 
gebtegen, solid 
gebulbig, patient 
gefdKtg, obliging 
gefiebert, feathered 
geftiffen, assiduous 
gefrd§ig, greedy 
gefjeim, secret 
get!, lewd 
getftig, spiritual 
geiftlid^, ecclesiastical 
getgig, avaricious 
getaben, loaded 
gelauftg, fluent 
gelb, yellow 

gelbfid), yellowish, fallow 
gefegentlid), occasional 
gelxebt, beloved 


90 


©igenfd)aft§tobrter. 


gelinb, mild 
gcdenb, shrill 
gcmadjlid;, gentle 
gcmein, common, vulgar 
gemcmfd;ctftltd), common 
genau, accurate, close 
gemigt, inclined 
geniigcnb, sufficient 
gerabe, straight 
goring, little, small 
gefammt, whole 
gefdjidjtlid), historical 
gefdjidt, skilful, fit 
gefdjtoinb, swift 
gcfd/tourig, ulcerous 
gcjedig, sociable 
gefunb, healthy, sound 
gctreu, faithful 
getoaltig, powerful 
getmffcn^aft, conscientious 
gehnfc, certain, sure 
getoogen, affectionate 
getobfynlid), usual 
gegeidjnet, marked 
giftig, poisonous 
glangenb, bright, glossy 
glatt, smooth 
gtaubig, believing 
glaubftmrbig, credible 
gleid), equal 
gludlid), happy 
gnabig, merciful, gracious 
gottUd), divine 
grajjlicf), horrible 
grau, gray 
graulidj, shocking 
grob, coarse, rude 
grojs, great, large, huge 
griin, green 
giinftig, favorable 
gut, good 
giitig, kind 
fjaartg, hairy 
Ijabjudjtig, greedy 
tyalb, half 


Wlid), ugly 
tyaftig, hasty 
fjciufig, frequent 
Ijautig, skinney 
§eittg, sacred, holy 
f;eil, whole, sound 
Ijeimticfj, secret 
fyeifj, hot 
ftfifcr, hoarse 
• Reiter, cheerful 
belbenmutfyig, heroical 
f)ed, clear, bright 
fjergfyaft, manly 
§ergig, dear 

^ergtid), cordial, affectionate 
^ilfreid), helpful 
tyinl&nglid), sufficient 
Ijintert, behind 
¥$), high 
tyoffarttg, proud 
fjofltd), courteous 
hollow 
scornful 
Ijolgig, woody 
^iigctig, hilly 
^uman, humane 
pnbtf$, doggish 
tyungrig, hungry 
Sbentifd), identical 
ittbufttied, industrial 
inhegenb, enclosed 
innerltcf), internal 
innig, intimate 
inftdnbig, instant 
irreligibS, irreligious 

rx \ erroneous 

%a1), steep, sudden 
jci^rtg, a year old 
ja^rlicfy, annual, yearly 
jcimmerlid), miserable 
jugcnblid), juvenile 
jung, young 
$aifcrlid), imperial 
falfig, limy 


©tgenfdjaftStobrter. 


91 


faff, cold 

fatfyolifd), catholic 
fauffidj, purchasable 
faufmdnnifd), merchantile 
fed, bold, daring 
fifjelig, ticklish 
Hein, small, little 
ffeinlid), rather small 
ffeifterig, pastry 
fnauferig, sordid 
fnedjtifd), servile 
fnifterig, crackling 
fnocfyig, bony 
fbnigliefy, royal 
for^crlidb, corporal 
foftbar, precious 
fbfttid}, costly 
fofttyietig, expensive 
fraftig, strong, powerful 
franfUd), sickly 
freibig, chalky 
friegerifd), warlike 
fiifyf, cool, fresh 
funbig, experienced 
furg, short 

£ad)enb, smiling, laughing 
fadjertid), ridiculous 
latynt, lame 
I IdnMidj, rural 
I lang, long 
I faubig, leafy 
Iaunifd;, capricious 
taut, loud 
! IautIo§, silent 
lebenb, living, alive 
i febenSgefafyrlid), perilous 
tebfyaft, lively 
tebto§, liveless 
leberrt, leathern 
lebig, single 
1 leer, empty, vacant 
letblid), bodily 
| teid)t, light, easy 
I Icibcnb, suffering 
; leibtragenb, mourning 


Icimig, gluey 
Icinen, linen 
lenffam, manageable 
IcSbar, legible 
leudjtenb, shining 
leugbar, deniable 
liberal, liberal 
Iid)terfr>ty, blazing 
liebtid), lovely 
liegenb, lying 
linb, mild, soft 
Ibblid), laudable 
fofat, local 
logifd), logical 
Io§, loose 

liidenfyaft, incomplete 
luftig, airy 
liigenfyaft, lying 
fum^ig, shabby 
luftig, merry 
lujuribS, luxurious 
9ft&d)tig, powerful 
mdbc^enfjaft, girlish 
mager, lean, meager 
ntartgelfyaft, deficient 
mannbar, manly 
tndjjig, moderate 
matt, faint, feeble 
mefyfig, floury 
tneifter^aft, masterly 
menfdjlid), human 
mifd)ig, milky 
mttb, mild 

mififdllig, disagreeable 
mifjficfy, doubtful 
miftmut^ig, discontented 
mifjtrauifd), suspicious 
mitfeibig, pitiful 
ttiitfdjutbig, accessory 
mittettoS, without means 
mobil, active 
moberig, musty 
mobern, modern 
monatlidj, monthly 
ntiityfelig, toilsome 



92 


©igenfdjaftStobrtcr. 


mihtbig, of age 

paffenb, suitable 

ntiinbtid), oral 

£ajjlic§, proper 

mufter^aft, exemplary 

patfcfyig, splashy 

mutfyig, courageous 

pelgidjt, skinny 

miitterfld;, motherly 

perlicfyt, pearly 

■ttadjafymbar, imitable 

^erfbttlic^, personal 

nacparltcfy, neighborly 

tfefferig, peppery 

nacfybrudlid), energetical 

pifgtg, spongy 

nadigtebig, yielding 

platt, flat 

nacfytaffig, negligent 

£lauberl;aft, chattering 

nadjftefyettb, following 
nad;tfyeilig, detrimental 
ndc^tlid^, nightly 

plump, coarse 
(joffenWt, ) droU £ 
poffterlicl), ) y 

nacfytrcigtid), additional 

prdcptig, splendid 

nafye, near, nigh 

praftifd), practical 

namfyaft, named, considerable 

propfyetifcty, prophetic 

narbtg, full of scars 

pro^ig, insolent 

ttdrrifdjb foolish 

prunffyaft, showy 

nafelueiS, saucy 

fcuffig, puffy 

nafj, wet 

pimftlic§, punctual 

nafcfalt, damp and cold 

purpurn, purple 

natiirlid), natural 

pu£fud)tig, fond of dress 

nebelig, misty, foggy 

Qualmig, smoky 

neibtfd), envious 

^tangig, rancid 

neu, new 

rat^fam, advisable 

neulicfy, late, recent 

rdtfyfetfyaft, obscure 

ttidjtig, invalid, void 

rduberifd), like a robber 

niebrig, low 

rdudjerig, smoky 

nbrblidj, northerly, northern 

rdumlid), roomy 

ttbtfyig, necessary 

real, real 

nit^lid), useful 

redjt, right 

Dbcn, | a ^ ove 

**«*' 1 honest 

obig, / 

mu, > 

offen, open 

regnerifd), rainy 

offettbar, manifest 

regfam, active 

bffentlicfy, public 

reicp, rich 

ofynmtid)tig, fainting 

reidjlid), plentiful 

bfonomifd), economical 

reinlidj, neat, clean 

blig, oily 

rtigettb, charming 

orbentlid), orderly 

religibl, religious 

ortlidj, local 

ricfytig, right, exact 

bfttidj, eastern 

ritterlid), chivalrous 

obal, oval 

rofy, raw, rough 

^avlamentarifd), parliamentary 

rofttg, rusty 

parteufdj, partial 

rotfy, red 


@ i g c n f dj a f t 3 to o r t c r. 


93 


rucfftdnbig, in arrears 
ruljtg, quiet 

W met * 1 ^' } painful 
fd^mer^aft, J 

rufymlicl;, glorious 

fdjmufcig, filthy 

riiljrenb, affecting 

fdjneeig, snowy 

runb, round 

fdjnurrtg, droll, merry 

ruftig, robust, vigorous 

fdjott, beautiful 

©aftig, sappy, juicy 

fdbtoad), weak, feeble 

fcdjig, salty 

fdjtoarg, black 

fanbig, sandy 

fd^voer, heavy 

fanft, soft, gentle 

Td^tt?efterlicf>, sisterly 

fattrii'dj, satirical 

fdbtoul, sultry, close 

jaumtg, tardy 

fefynig, sinewy 

fdjdbig, shabby 

fefynfucfytig, longing 

fd^ab^aft, damaged 

feiben, silken 

fcfydblid), pernicious 

feltg, blessed, happy 

fdjablo 3 , indemnified 

P“'«- 1 modest 

fdjal, flat 

fittfam, > 

fcfyanblid), disgraceful 

fonberlidf), particular 

fcbarf, sharp 

fonnicljt, sun-like 

fdjarfadjrotfy, scarlet-red 

fonnig, sunny 

fdjattig, shady 

fbrgfaftig^,careful 

fd;d|$en 3 toertfy, estimable 

forgloS, careless 

fdjauberfyaft, horrible 

tydrlid), scanty 

fdjaumig, foamy 

fparfam, saving 

fdjedig, spotted 

tyapaft, droll 

fdjeinbar, apparent 

fjnritubg, spirituous 

fdjiel, squint-eyed 

tyifc, pointed 

fdjer$I)aft, facetious 

ftn^bubifcb, thievish 

fdjeu, bashful 

ftadjelig, prickly, thorny 

fdjeufiliciib abominable 

ftdmmig, strong 

fcfyidltd), becoming 

ftdrfenb, strengthening 

jdjief, oblique 

ftarr, stiff, numb 

fdjimmeltg, mouldy 

ftaubig, dusty 

fdjtmpfltd;, dishonorable 

fteintg, stony 

fdjfaferig, sleepy 

fterblid), mortal 

[dfylabp, slack 

fterntg, starry 

bad, evil 

ftimmfdfyig, entitled to vote 

jdjleunig, speedy 

ftodig, mouldy 

fcfylidjt, plain 

ftofy, proud 

fcfylimm, bad 

ftraflicfy, blameable 

fd^Iii^ferig, slippery 

ftreng, strict 

fctymadjtenb, longing for 

fumbfig, marshy 

fcfyma^lidb, disgraceful 

fiinbWU sin£ul 

fdjmal, narrow 

fiinbig, / 

fdjmeidjel^aft, flattering 

fiiblicfy, southern 


94 


©igenfdjaft§h)brter. 


unfefyt&ar, infallible 
unfldt^ig, nasty 
unfreunblidj, unfriendly 
ungebulbig, impatient 
ungefjalten, indignant 
ungefycuer, immense 
ungefmrfam, disobedient 
ungefegett, inconvenient 
ungenitgf am, unsatisfied 
ungefdndt, awkward 
urtgefe^lidj, illegal 
imgefunb, unhealthy 
ungetbijj, uncertain 
ungetoofynt, unaccustomed 
ungembfyrtfitf;, unusual 
urtgleid), uneven 
ungludftcfy, unhappy 
ungimftig, unfavorable 
unfyeilbar, incurable 
untybfHdj, impolite 
urtfybr&ar, inaudible 
unfeujd), unchaste 
unflar, not clear 
unleibUdb, intolerable 
unlieb, disagreeable 
unmajjig, intemperate 
unmenjd;fid;, inhuman 
unmbgfid), impossible 
unnatiirficf), unnatural 
unorbentlicf), disorderly 
unpa&tid), indisposed 
unrcdjt, wrong, unjust 
unrein, unclean 
unrufytg, restless 
unfdjabfidj, harmless 
unfdjidlid;, unbecoming 
unfdjufbig, innocent 
unfinntg, mad, frantic 
un[tttlid), immoral 
unfterMicI), immortal 
untauglidj, unfit 
unierirbifd), subterranean 
untcrfc^iebfid), different 
unfyeilbar, incurable 
unu&erhnnblicfy, invincible 


unumtounben, frank 
unberbaultcfy, indigestible 
unberffanbtg, imprudent 
Vacant, vacant 
beradbtficb, contemptible 
bcr&iffen, bitten 
berbaufidj, digestible 
berbiertf, merited, deserved 
berbufct, puzzled 
beretuigte, late, deseased 

serftoffen, l past last 

bergangcn, ) 
bergeblid), vain 
bergefjficfy, forgetful 
berfel;rf, reversed 
berle^Udj, vulnerable 
berlufftg, forfeited 
bermeiblid), avoidable 
bermifdjt, mixed 
bermogenb, wealthy 
bernunftig, reasonable 
berfcfyitnegen, silent 
berftanbig, sensible 
bertraulidb, familiar 
beritmfyrloft, neglected 
bcrluanbt, related 
bermerflid), rejectable 
bergagt, discouraged 
boreilig, rash 
borfyertg, preceding 
borig, former 
SBadjfam, watchful 
iuadefig, shaking 
toafyfbar, eligible 
toafjr^afftg, certain 
toafyrfdjeinttdj, probable 
toafbig, woody 
fbarrn, warm 
toefy, sore 

mefymuttyig, sorrowful 
toeid^, soft 

toeii, distant, wide, far 
toeftlid), western 
hndjtig, important 
hfiberlid;, offensive 


(SigenfdjaftStobrter. 


95 


fiife, sweet 

ffyftematifd), systematical 
Sabell)aft, blameable 
tanbetbaft, trifling 
tapfer, brave, valiant 
iauglid;, fit 
tdufcfyenb, delusive 
teigig, doughy 
tbatig, active 
teufltfd), develish 
tfyatlid), violent 
tfyceridjt, tarlike 

partaking 
tfyeuer, dear 
tfyonig, clayey 
ttybrictyt, foolish 
tfyimlicfy, practicable 
tief, deep 
tobt, dead 

tbbtlicfy, deadly, mortal 
toll, ma d, frantic 
traurig, sad 
irefflicfy, excellent 
treu, faithful 
trinfbar, drinkable 
trodcn, dry 
trbftUd?, consolable 
triibe, cloudy 
tugenbfyaft, virtuous 
Hebei, evil, bad 
umganglid?, sociable 
umgefefyrt, inverse 
umi'icfytig, circumspect 
unabfyangig, independent 
unablaffig, continual 
unabficfytlid), unintentional 
unacfytfam, inattentive 
undfinlidj, unlike 
mtanfedjtbar, undisputable 
unangefteibet, undressed 
unanfe^ntidj, insignificant 
unanftdnbtg, indecent 
unaWetittlicfy, distasteful 
unartig, naughty 
unaufgefyalten, unchecked 


unauffybrlid;, incessant 
unaufmerlfam, inattentive 
uttauSbleiblidj, infallible 
unau3fuf>rlid), incomplete 
mtauggefefct, continual 
imauSIbfcfylid), indelible 
unauSftefylidj, intolerable 
unbanbig, unmanageable 
unbarmfyer^ig, unmerciful 
unbeadjtet, unnoticed 
unbebedt, uncovered 
urtbebeutenb, insignificant 
unbebingt, unconditional 
unbefriebigt, dissatisfactory 
uttbegreiflid), incomprehensible 
unbegrenjt, unlimited 
unbefyaglid), uneasy 
unbe^Ufltd), helpless 
unbefyolfen, awkward 
unbelannt, unknown 
mtbeliebt, unpopular 
unbemerft, unnoticed 
unbequem, inconvenient 
unberiifymt, obscure 
unbefc^abigt, unhurt 
uttbefcfjeiben, indiscreet 
unbefd)olten, unblamed 
unbefcfyranft, unlimited 
unbejonnen, thoughtless 
unbeftimmt, uncertain 
unbetoaffrtet, unarmed 
uttbetoeglicfy, immovable 
unbcmfbctr, ungrateful 
unbeutlid), indistinct 
unetyelidj, illegitimate 
uttc^rlidj, dishonest 
uneinig, disagreeing 
unembfinblicfy, insensible 
unentfdjloffen, irresolute 
unentfcfytebeu, undecided 
unerfafyren, inexperienced 
unerfyort, unprecedented 
unermublic^, indefatigable 
uncrquidlidj, uncomfortable 
uttertraglidj, intolerable 


3eit sorter. 


S6 

itJillig, willing 
toinbig, windy 
ftnffenfcfyaftlid), scientific 
it>o^rtIid^, comfortable 
tuolfig, cloudy 
ttollig, wooly 
ttmnberbar, wonderful 
iuurbig, worthy 


itmrmig, wormy 
tourgetig, rooty 
toutfytg, raging, furious 
3afyl6ar, payable 
gafyrn, tame, domestic 
giicfytig, chaste, modest 
gufalltg, accidental 
gtoetfelfyaft, doubtful, dubious 


Stbanbern, to alter 
abbitten, to beg pardon 
abbrccfyen, to break off 
abliefern, to deliver 
abmeffen, to measure 
abreifen, to depart 
ad)ten, to esteem 
abbiren, to add 
cmbetteln, to beg 
cmbefyalten, to keep on 
anbeten, to worship, adore 
anbieten, to offer 
anblicfen, to look at 
anerfennen, to acknowledge 
anfragen, to inquire 
angetobtynen, ficfy, to accustom to 
dngftigen, fid), to be alarmed 
anfyaben, to wear, have on 
anf;orcn, to listen to 
anfyalten, to stop 
anftciben, fid), to dress 
anfommcn, to arrive 
annefymen, to accept 
anreben, to address, speak to 
anrufcn, to call to 
anfdjauen, ) tolookat 
anfeben, > 

anfd)affen, to provide for 
anfd)irren, to put the harness on 
antreffen, to meet 
anttoorten, to answer 
angtcfien, to put on 
at^men, to breathe 


Verbs. 

aufbraucfyert, to use up 

auffyalten, to stop 

33aden, to bake 

babcn, to bathe 

barbieren, to shave 

bauett, to build 

beabficfyttgen, to intend 

bebanfen, to thank 

bebienen, to serve 

beetyren, to honor 

befe^fert, to command 

befefyrett, to convert 

befleiben, to clothe 

befbftigen, to board 

belefyren, to inform 

beleibigen, to offend 

beEen, to bark 

bemii^en, to trouble 

benefymen, fid), to behave (oneself) 

bereuen, to repent 

bcru^tgctt, to quite, comfort, calm 

befd)abigen, to damage 

befi^en, to possess 

beftrafcn, to punish 

befubeht, to soil 

betrad)ten, to consider 

betoofyrten, to inhabit 

bciuunbern, to admire 

binben, to tie 

bitten, to beg, pray 

blctmiren, to blame 

bfeid)en, to bleech 

blbfen, to bleat 


3 e i t to o r i c r. 


97 


bliifyen, to bloom, blossom 
braten, to roast 
br cut fen, to roar 
brennen, to burn 
bruntmen, to growl 
biifjen, to suffer 
Saftriccn, to castrade 
circufiren, to circulate 
cibiftftrcn, to civilize 
corrbenfiren, to compensate 
concentriren, to concentrate 
concurriren, to compete 
corrigiren, to correct 
SDcimmern, to dawn 
bambfen, to steam 
banfcn, to thank 
barben, to starve 
bnuern, to last 
bccfett, to cover 
beljncn, to stretch 
beuten, to explain 
bidden, to write poetry 
biencrt, to serve 
bittgen, to hire 
bibibtren, to divide 
bonnern, to thunder 
brdngen, to urge 
brecfyfeln, to turn 
broken, to threat 
broken, to roar 
bruden, to print 
briicfen, to press 
buften, to exhale 
bufben, to endure 
biinfen, to seem 
burcbbrcnnen, to run away 
burdjlefen, to read over 
burd)fd)neiben, to cut through 
biirfen, to be allowed 
biirften, to thirst 
(gggen, to harrow 
effort, to honor 
eilen, to hasten 
ctnatfymen, to inhale 
einbrecben, to break in 


einfalfen, to come to one’s mind 
einfliiftcrn, to whisper 
einfiityren, to introduce 
eingefycn, to enter 
etngeftefyen, to confess 
eiubullen, 


| to wrap up 


etntoicfeln, 
cinigen, to agree 
cintaffen, to let in 
etmnacfyen, to preserve 
einnefymen, to take in 
einreifjen, to tear down 
einfatjeu, to salt, pickle 
einfcfyenfen, to pour in, out 
einfdjtebben, to import 
. einfenben, to send in, remit 
etnfberren, to confine 
eintoanbern, to immigrate 
eintoilligen, to agree 
ecfeht, fid), to feel disgust 
embfangen, to receive 
embfe^fen, to recommend 
embftnben, to feel 
emborcn, ftcty, to revolt 
enben, to finish, end 
entbefyren, to be in want of 
entbecfen, to discover 
entefyren, to dishonor 
entfatten, to develop 
entfernen, to remove 
entfliefyen, to escape 
entgegnen, to reply 
cnt^iitten, to unveil 
entlaffen, to dismiss 
entmutfyigen, to discourage 
entreifjen, to snatch away 
entriiften, to provoke 
entfdjeiben, to decide 
entfd?Iafen, to expire 
entfbringen, to escape 
cnttoenben, to steal 
erad)ten, to think 
erbarmen, to pity 
erbaucn, to build, erect 
erbcbert, to shake 


98 


3eitto3rter. 


crbcn, to inherit 
erfafyrert, to learn 
crfinben, to invent 
erfteuen, to rejoice 
crforfd;cn, to investigate, explore 
'Crfricren, to freeze to death 
fallen, to fulfil 
ergofjen, to delight 
Straiten, to receive 
cr^olen, fid), to recover 
crinnern, to remind 
erfalten, fid), to catch cold 
erfennen, to recognize 
evfldren, to explain 
erfunbtgen, to inquire 
crfcmgen, to obtain 
erfebert, to live to see 
ermafynen, to admonish 
ermatten, to fatigue 
etntorben, to murder 
crmutljigen, to encourage 
crndfjrert, to support 
ernennen, to nominate 
erquiden, to refresh 
erfaufen, to be drowned 
erfdjeinen, to appear 
erfdjityfcn, to exhaust 
ertyctren, to save 
erftaunen, to be astonished 
crfiiden, to clothe 
erft>dl;len, to elect 
crtoetiern, to enlarge 
ertourgen, to strangle 
ergafylen, to narrate, relate 
crjte^en, to educate 
effen, to eat 
ctabliren, to establish 
egaminiren, to examine 
^abricirert, to manufacture 
fddjelrt, to fan 
fdlfdjcn, to adulterate 
farben, to dye 
faffon, to seize 
faulen, to rot 
fcfylert, to fail, miss 


fetcrn, to celebrate, 

feilen, to file, polish 

fertigen, to make 

feudjtert, to moisten 

fifdjen, to fish 

flattern, to flutter 

fliden, to patch 

ffittern, to glitter 

flud;en, to curse 

fluftern, to whisper 

folgett, to follow 

foftpen, to mock 

fragen, to ask, inquire 

freien, to woo 

freffen, to eat, devour 

freuen, ftd), ro rejoice, to be glad 

fiigen, to join, unite 

fiifjren, to guide, lead 

fiillen, to fill 

fiirdjten, to fear 

fiittern, to feed 

©dfyrcn, to ferment 

gallofnren, to gallop 

gebaren, to bring forth 

gebieten, to command, rule 

gebraudjen, to use 

gebu^ren, to be due 

gcbulben, to have patience 

gefalfert, to please 

gcfrieren, to turn to ice 

gc^brert, to belong 

geigen, to fiddle 

geleitcn, to conduct 

gclten, to be worth 

geliiften, to desire 

genefymtgert, to approve 

gcmigen, to suffice 

gcrat^cn, to fall into 

gcrben, to tan 

geftalten, to shape, form 

gefte^en, to confess 

geindfyren, to grant, allow 

gct»bf;nen, fid), to get used to 

giefjen, to pour 

gtcingen, to glitter, shine 


3 * i t to o r t c r. 


99 


glauben, believe 
gfetdjen, to resemble 
gteiten, to glide, slide 
glitcfen, to succeed 
gluten, to glow 
gtafen, to graze 
graiten, fid), to dread 
greifen, to grasp 
grengen, to border 
griinen, to thrive, flourish 
gudfcn, to look 
£acfen, to pick, chop 
tyagetn, to hail 
^dtnmern, to hammer 
tyanbefn, to trade, act 
tyarmoniren, to harmonize 
tyarien, to harden 
fydutcn, to skin 
fyeben, to lift 
tyeilen, to heal, cure 
fyciratfjen, to marry 
^ei3cn, to heat 
fyelfen, to help 
fyemmen, to stop 
^erbergen, to lodge 
fjergen, to embrace 
bod)fd)dfcen, to esteem highly 
^offen, to hope 
fyol)(en,.to hollow, excavate 
fyofynen, to scorn 
^uften, to cough 
bitten, fid), to take care 
Sgnorirert, to ignore 
imbfcn, to inoculate 
intereffiren, to interest 
irren, ftcfy, to be mistaken 
Sagen, to hunt, chase 
jammern, to lament 
jaud)gen, to shout 
jubeln, to rejoice 
$alben, to calve 
fatten, to chill 
f amp fen, to fight, struggle 
feic^en, to pant, gasp 
feirnen, to bud, shoot 


fi^eln, to tickle 
ffagcn, to complain 
fteiben, to dress, clothe 
flingcn, to sound 
flobfen, to beat, knock 
fnatten, to clap, crack 
fneiben, to pinch 
fod^en, to cook 
fbbern, to bait 
forfen, to cork 
foften, to taste, try 
fra^en, to scratch, scrape 
freifd)en, to shriek 
freugen, to cross 
friimmen, to bend 
fummcrn, fid), to grieve 
Sad)en, to laugh 
lacfiren, to varnish 
laben, to load 
lagern, to store 
lawmen, to be lame 
lanben, to land 
langen, to reach 
lauern, to lurk 
leben, to live 
ledfe *, to lick, leak 
leeren, to empty 
tetynen, to lean 
leiben, to suffer 
leiben, to borrow, lend 
leirncn, to glue 
feiten, to guide, lead 
lenfen, to steer, direct 
leugnen, to deny 
leben, to live 
liebfofen, to caress 
linbern, the soothe, ease 
It§beln, to lisp 
foben, to praise 
todfen, to decoy, entice 
lodfen, (£>aar), to curl 
lobern, to blaze 
logircn, to lodge 
fofynen, to reward 
foofen, to draw lots 


100 


3citi»5rter. 


4 


lootfen, to pilot 

lbfd)en, to extinguish 

IcSlaffen, to let go 

lotfjen, to solder 

luften, to air 

tiigcn, to lie 

9)tagern, to grow lean 

mafmen, to remind 

tnafen, to paint 

mafgen, to malt 

ntangetn, to lack 

marfen, to mark 

nta§ftren, to mask 

tnaffigen, to moderate 

mctften, to fatten 

mctuern, to wall in, build 

meinen, to mean, think 

meifceln, to chisel 

metfen, to milk 

mertgert, to mingle 

merfen, to note, remember 

meffen, to measure, survey 

mietfyett, to rent, hire 

mifdjen, to mix 

tniPraucfyen, to misuse 

miffen, to miss 

tmfjfatten, to displease 

ntifjgbnnen, to grudge, envy 

mifjtrauen, to distrust 

mifjberftefKn, to misunderstand 

mobern, to moulder, decay 

mbgert, to like 

titorben, to murder 

mit^ett, ftcfj, to trouble oneself 

mummcn, to muffle 

rnunben, to relish 

mutijen, to mint 

9tac£;afjmen to imitate 

nacfybenfen, to meditate 

nacfficeifen, to prove 

nagefn, to nail, spike 

rtafyren, to nourish 

ndfeln, to speak through the nose 

rtdffen, to wet 

nettnen, to name, mention 


niefen, to sneeze 
nbtfytgen, to urge, press 
rtotiren, to note 
nummertren, to number 
niitjen, to use 
Dffettbaren, the manifest 
offtten, to open 
o|)fern, to sacrifice, offer 
otbrten, to arrange, order 
^aaren, to match, pair 
patten, to lease, rent 
pacf'ert, to pack 
paufiren, to pause 
$>eitfd)ert, to whip 
pfanben, to seize 
pfeffern, to pepper 
pflaftcrn, to pave 
pflcgen, to care, nurse 
Jjfliitf'en, to pluck, pick 
^fropfen, SBdume, to craft 
fcfufdjjen, to botch 
pfyotograpffiren, to photograph 
^ocfyen, to knock 
prdgen, to stamp, coin 
pratjlen, to boast, brag 
praflcn, to bounce 
prafentirert, to present 
pretfen, to cheat 
^rofitirert, to profit 
pritgelrt, to club 
Humbert, to pump 
pufcen, to dress, clean 
Duafen, to croak 
qudlen, to torment 
quellen, to soak 
quetfdjen, to squeeze, bruise 
cflddjen, to revenge, avenge 
raffert, to snatch up 
rammefn, to ram 
ranfen, to climb, run 
rafert, to rage 
rajtrert, to shave 
rafcljefn, to rattle 
ratfycn, to advice, guess 
raubert, to nob, pillage 


3citft»i3rter. 


101 


rdudjern, to smoke 

rdumen, to move, evacuate 

rcdfjnen, to reckon, cipher, count 

rcdjtfertigen, to justify, vindicate 

regeht, to regulate 

regierert, to rule, govern 

regnen, to rain 

reiben, to rub 

reicfyen, to reach 

rcifen, to travel 

reifyen, to file, rank 

reimen, to rhyme 

reinigen, to clean 

reitcn, to ride 

reigen, to charm, provoke 

reuen, to repent 

riedjen, to smell 

riegeln, to bolt 

ringen, to struggle, wrestle 

riSfiren, to risk 

rx|en, to scratch 

roflen, to roll 

roften, to roast, broil 

rubern, to row 

riigen, to reprove 

riifymen, to praise 

riifyren, to stir 

rungeln, to wrinkle 

©dgen, to saw 

fedgen, to salt 

fammeln, to collect 

fdubern, to clean 

faugen, to suck 

fdumen, to hem 

fdjaben, to hurt 

flatten, to create 

fdjdmen, fid), to be ashamed of 

fcfydrfen, to sharpen 

fd)d§en, to estimate 

fefyaubern, to shudder, shiver 

fefyeiben, to separate 

fdjeinen, to shine, appear 

fd&elten, to scold 

fdjenfen, to make a present, to pour, 
fill 


fdjergen, to joke 

fdfjeuen, to fear, to be shy of 

fdjeuern, to scour 

fdjieben, to shove, push 

fdjielen, to squint 

fdjiffen, to sail, ship 

fdjilbern, to picture 

fdjimmeln, to mould 

fdjinbetn, to shingle 

fdfjirmen, to shelter, protect 

fdjradjten, to slaughter, butcher 

fd^Icid;en, to sneak 

[djletfen, to drag, grind 

fdjlummern, to slumber 

fdjmdfyen, to abuse 

fdjmeden, to taste 

fdjmeidjeln, to flatter 

fdjmergen, to pain 

fdjmieben, to forge 

fdjmieren, to grease, smear 

fcfyminfen, to paint 

fdfjmoren, to stew 

fdjmucfen, to adorn 

fdjnappen, to snap 

fdjnardjen, to snore 

fdjnaufen, to snort 

fcppfen, to draw, scoop 

fcfyrauben, to screw 

fcfyrecfen, to frighten 

fdjulben, to owe 

fegeln, to sail 

feityen, to strain 

faeieit, to vomit, spit 

ftnelen, to play 

tyiUen, to rinse 

ftmren, to trace 

ftarfen, to strengthen, starch 

fterben, to die 

ftiden, to embroider 

ftiften, to found 

ftimmen, to tune 

ftrafylen, to beam 

ftubiren, to study 

fimbigen, to sin 

Sabeln, to blame 


102 


3 e i t to b r t c r. 


tagert, to dawn 
tcinbeln, to play, trifle 
tangen, to dance, 
taften, to touch 
tapcgiren, to paper 
tauten, to dive 
taugen, to be fit for 
taumelrt, to stagger 
taujdjen, to exchange, swap 
taujcben, to deceive 
tajircn, to rate 
tfyauen, to thaw 
tfyeeren, to tar 
tfyeUen, to divide 
toben, to rage 
tobten, to kill 
ibnen, to sound 
traben, to trot 
tradfjtert, to endeavor 
tragen, to carry, wear 
trdnfen, to water 
transportiren, to transport 
trauen, to marry 
trau ent, to mourn 
traumen, to dream 
trennen, to separate 
trommeln, to drum 
trbften, to console 
tro^en, to defy 
jtiigen, to deceive 
tumireln, to bustle 
tuten, to blow a horn 
lleben, to practise 
iiberbringen, to deliver 
itberfatten, ) t rise 
uberrajcfyen, > 
iibetlaben, to overload 
iibertaufen, to run over 
iiberlcgctt, to consider 
iiberreben, to persuade 
iibertreffen, to surpass, excel 
i’lbertreten, to trespass 
iiberUnnben, to overcome 
iibersafylen, to count over 
umarmen, to embrace 


itmacfern, to plough up 
umbringen, to kill 
umgeben, to surround 
umgraben, to dig up 
umljangen, to put on 
tmtfefyren, to return 
untfcfyauen, to look around 
umfpamten, to change horses 
umtbenben, to turn around 
untertyalten, to entertain 
untergrabert, to undermine 
unterfommcn, to get under shelter 
unterlaffen, to neglect 
unternefymen, to undertake 
unterrebcn, to discourse 
unterjdjetben, to distinguish 
unterridjtert, to instruct 
untertaudjen, to dive, duck 
urtljeUen, to judge, decide 
SSeradjtcn, to despise 
beranbern, to change 
beranttooriert, to account for 
berbanncn, to banish 
berbergeit, to hide, conceal 
berbeffern, to improve 
berbirtbert, to join, unite, tie up 
berblenb«nt, to dazzle 
berbraud&en, to consume 
berbreitert, to spread 
berbrertnen, to burn 
berbri'ifyen, to scald 
berbunbcn, to ally 
berbiirgen, to bail, warrant 
berbamtimt, to condemn 
berbauen, to digest 
berbecfen, to cover 
berberben, to spoil 
berbienen, to earn, deserve 
berbingen, to hire 
bei’bob^eln, to double 
berbr&ngen, to drive away 
berborren, to dry up, wither 
berbriejjen, to grieve 
berbunften, to evaporate 
berbiiftern, to darken 


3eitft>5rter. 


berefiren, to adore 
bereintgen, to unite, combine 
berfaffen, to go to ruin 
bcrfaffen, to compose 
berfaulen, to rot 
berfeinben, to make enemies 
berfludjen, to curse 
berfiigen, to dispose 
bcrfiifyren, to mislead, seduce 
bcrgtekfyen, to compare 
bergraben, to bury 
bergiftcn, to poison 
berfyeiratfyen, to marry 
bertyinbern, to hinder 
berboI)nen, to mock 
berfyiilfen, to wrap up 
berfyungern, to starve 
berfyiiten, to prevent 
berjagen, to drive away 
berfleiben, to disguise 
btrfoftigen, to board 
berfiirjen, to shorten 
bertangen, to ask 
berleiten, to mislead 
berlcugnen, to deny 
berlejjett, to hurt 
berleumben, to slander 
berlieben, to fall in love 
bertoben, to betroth 
berlodcn, to mislead 
bermetben, to avoid 
bermeffcn, to survey 
bermietfjien, to rent, lease, let 
bermifcfyen, to mix 
bermutfyen, to suppose 
bernadjtaffigen, to neglect 
berneigen, to bow 
berneinm, to deny 
bernidjten, to destroy 
beroffentlicfyen, to publish 
berbadjten, to lease 
berpaden, to pack up 
berpflidjten, to oblige 
berrattyen, to betray 
berred?nett, to reckon up 


10Z 


berrid)ten, to perform 
berfammeln, to congregate 
berfd;affen, to procure 
berfdjltefjen, to shut up 
berfcfyioinben, to disappear 
berforgen, to provide for 
berfudjett, to try, attempt 
berlbiiften, to lay waste 
bcrgefyren, to consume 
bergtoeifdn, to despair 
t>oBbtin 0 en,) toac Ush 
bottenbert, > 
borfommert, to happen 
borfirecfert (®elb), to advance 
borftreden, to stretch forward 
bortoenben, to pretend, allege 
3D3abbeln, to wabble 
tbctcfyen, to wake, watch 
ibctffnen, to arm 
tbcifylen, to elect 
tbafyrnefymen, to perceive 
toafyren, to last 
toanbern, to wander 
bmnfen, to stagger, shake 
lbafd?cn, to wash 
ibed?feln, to change 
ibcibcn, to pasture 
ibeifen, to show 

ibeifjen, to whiten, whitewash 

toelfeit, to wither, fade 

ibenben, to turn 

tbideln, to roll, wrap up 

toiberlegen, to contradict 

ibtcgcn, to rock 

hrimmern, to moan 

ibtnfcn, to wink 

Ibo^nen, to dwell, lodge 

ibunbcrn, to wonder 

lbiirgen, to choke 

Ibiirjen, to season, spice 

3agen, to be in fear 

gafylen, to pay 

3 df;Ien, to count 

gasmen, to tame 

gaijiten, to teeth 


104 


33 o v tt a m e n. 


ganfen, to quarrel 
gciutnen, to bridle 
geigen, to show 
geitigen, to mature 
gerfdjetten, to dash to pieces 
gieljen, to draw, pull 
gieren, to adorn, decorate 
gotten, to pay 
gubeifjen, to bite at 
guljaben, to have shut 
gufyoren, to listen 

i? o rn a nt & tt ♦ 

2Ibam, Adam 
Stbra^am, Abraham, Abe 
2fbel!)eib, Alice 
Slbeline, Adelina 
2lboty>I), Adolphus, Dolph 
21gatf>e, Agatha 
Signed, Agnes 

2Ue£anber, Alexander, Alex 
$Ue£anbrine, Alexandrina 
2Ueji§, Alexis 
SCIfreb, Alfred 
2lnna, Anna, Annie 
9lennd)en, Nanny, Nancy 
SlnbreaS, Andrew, Andy 
Slnton, Anthony, Tony 
Antonie, Antonia, Tonie 
Strnotb, Arnold 
Sluguft, Augustus, Gus 
2tugufte, Augusta, Gusta 
Slurelia, Aurelia 
S3arbara, Barbara 
S3eatrijj Beatrice 
33enjamtn, Benjamin 
S3ernt;arb, Bernard, Barney 
23crtfya, Bertha 
(Earl, Charles, Charley 
Charlotte, Charlotte 
(Efyriftian, Christian 
(Etyrifttane, Christiana 
(Eonrab, Conrad 
©life, Eliza, Lizzie 


gulangen, to help one’s self 
gumadjen, to shut 
gune^men, to increase 
giirnen, to be angry 
gufdjauen, to look at 
gutragert, to carry to 
gtoetfeln, to doubt 
gfthefen, to pinch 
gtoingen, to compel 
gtttttfcfyern, to twitter 


Christian Names. 

(Elifabetfy, Elizabeth, Bessie 
(Ernft, Ernest 
(Eugene, Eugene 
©ba, Eve 

$rangietta, Frances 
$rang, Francis, Frank 
$riebtid), Frederic 
$ri£, Fred 
©erfyarb, Gerard 
©ottfrieb, Godfrey 
©retcfyen, Maggie 
©rete, Margery 
©eorg, George, Georgie 
§einrid), Henry, Harry 
Helene, Hellen, Ellen 
§ugo, Hugo, Hugh 
$ba, Ida 

^afob, Jacob, James, Jimmy 
^fabetta, Isabella, Belle 
Sotyanne, Jane, Jean, Jenny 
^o^ann, John 
5$ofepfyine, Josephine, Josy 
<pan§, Johnny 
Sofepfy, Joseph, Joe 
Jpenriette, Henrietta, Hattey 
$at^ertne, Catherine 
Caroline, Caroline, Carry 
$at^e, Kate 
Subttng, Lewis, Lou 
£ie§d)en, Betty, Bessy 
Sottdjen, Charlotte, Lottie 


Sinnbertbanbte 28 b r t e r. 


105 


Souifc, Louisa, Lulu, Lula 
Sucie, Lucy 

9Jtarie, Mary, May, Mollie 
9Jiatfyau§, Mathew, Mat 
2Jtargaret*>e, Margaret, Maggie 
2Kori£, Maurice 
2)tid;aef, Michael, Mike 
Mattel;, Nancy, Nan 
$aufine, Pauline, Polly 
Robert, Robert, Bob 


9tid)arb, Richard, Dick 
Stubofpl), Rudolphus, Ralph 
Sara, Sarah, Sally 
Simon, Simon 
Su§d;en, Susie 
Stephan, Stephen, Steve 
SI)eobor, Theodore 
XI)eobore, Theodora, Dora 
XfyomaS, Thomas, Tom 
SBityefot, William, Willie, Bill 


§tnno£t*ju anbtc IHiirier. Synonyms. 


The ability, ba§ SSermbgen, etioa§ 

. gu tl)un 

1 the capacity, ba§ 33ermbgen, ettba3 
[ ju fatten 

the talent, natiirfid;e 2fnfagen 
the genius, ein aufjergembfynfidjeS 
SSermbgen, ettoaS gu feiften 
discover, entbeden, l»a§ fd;on ejiftirte 
invent, erfirtben, loa§ nod; nidf;t e£b 
ftirtc 

'courage, 2Jtutfy (o^ne $urd;t) 
bravery, £apferfeit 
gallantry, abenteuerfid)er Sttutf; 
fortitude, Starfe, 9Jtut(>, fid^ aufred^t 
gu erfyaften 
heroism, <pefbenmut^ 
intrepidity, Unerfcfyrodenfjeit 
abstinence, ©ntfyaftfamfeit 
temperance, UJtdfjigfeit 
celebrated, beriifymt 
renowned, rii^mlicb befannt 
eminent, er^aben, au3gegeid)net 
distinguished, au§gegeid)net (abgefon* 
bert bon anbern) 

- famous, berufymt a!3 aufjerorbentfid; 
in 23egug auf talent, aber aucf; 
(Sjccntritdt 

illustrious, erf)aben, erfaud)t 
noted, befonberS befannt 
^notorious, notorifd), meitfunbig 


murder, ennorben (borbebad)t) 
assassinate, ermorben (plb$lic§ unb 
l meud;ling§) 

'tremendous, furd)terficf;, erfd;redlid; 
(Sturm) 

frightful, fcfyrcdfid; (Sraum) 
horrible, obfetyeufid), fd)redlid&, (©e* 
fd)td?te, £$at) 

- shocking, anftbfjig, auffalfenb 
fearful, furd;tbar (2Bogen, £ampf) 
dreadful, fdjredfid; (Siifterfjeit) 
awful, aufcerorbentlid), fd)redftd) 
terrible, entfe^fiefy, fttrd&tcrlidj 

(Sturmtoinb) 
'forsake, aufgeben, berfaffen (©efelf* 
Waft) 

- surrender, iibergeben, ftd; ergeben 
relinquish, berfaffen, entfagen (burd; 

bie ^iotfymenbigfeit) 

f imminent, beborfte^enb, brotyenb (©e* 

I m) 

I impending, beborftctyenb (®rieg) 

[ threatening, brobenb (gufunft) 

f beautiful, fd^bn ($rau, ©egenb, ©e* 
I banfe) 

handsome, angene^m (@eftd;t, ©e* 
fcpenf) 

pretty, pbfcfy (©efidjt, 33fume) 
f character, ©fjarafter 
l reputation, 9iuf 






106 


©innocrftanbte SB o r t e r. 


f antagonist, ©egner (tin $ambf) 

-j adversary, ©cgner ($einbfeligfeit) 

[ opponent, ©egner (miberftreitenb) 
f common, gefoo^nlid), adgemctn 
\ general, irn SIEgemeinen 
(. universal, aftgemein, gang umfaffenb 
r understand, oerfte^en 
v comprehend, Begreifen 
difference, llnterfdueb, ©treit, 
Oerftanbnijj 

distinction, Unterfdjteb, SluSgeidjs 
uung, S3 or jug 
danger, ©efa!)r, Beftanbig 
peril, ©efafyr (Seben) 
hazard, gufalt (©efafjr laufen) 
jeopardy, ©efafyr (SBageftiid) 

f calamity, Ungffid, (Stieberlage) 

J disaster, ffngliid (jffo^lidjeS) 

1 misfortune, ttngtiid (bofer UnfaK) 
[^mishap, llnfall 

f cheerfulness, $rofyfinn 
J mirth, ftrofdidjf'eit (laute) 
l gayety, Suftigfeit (©djmud, $tt£) 

'skillfull, gefdjidt 
dexterous, gefdjidt, fdjarffimtig 
- ingenious, finnreid), geiftreic^ 
clever, getuanbt, gefdjidt, tiidjtig 
.expert, erfafyren, fadjoerftdnbig 
'mercantile, faufmdnnifcfy (§au§, 
©efdjfift) 

commercial, faufmdnnif$, (Sifbung, 

l S3 off) 


f account, ©rgdfylung, (einer SSegeben* 
j $eit 

- description, S3e[d)rcibung 
1 narrative, ©rgcifjlung, S3efd;reibung 
(Oefc^xc^ten) 

abandon, oerlaffen (©d^iff) 
desert, meglaufen, befertiren 

r defend, oertfyeibigen 
(.protect, Befd^ii^en 

j elegance, ©tegang 
t grace, Slnmutl), ©ragie 

j harmony, ^armonie (ber £one) 
(.melody, SMobie 

f accomplice, X^eiU;aber, SJUtfdjulbige 
| ($e$Icr) 

I accessory, £§eilfyaber, SJtitfcfyulbige 
t (Skater) 

( education, SSitbung, ©rgieBung 
{ instruction, S3ilbung (be§ ©eifteS) 

sparkle, glangen, funMn 
glitter, gtdngen, fdjeinen 
glimmer, glimmern (unbeftanbig) 
gleam, ftrafylen, glangen (Beftimmt) 

f poverty, Sfrmutfy (an SJtitteln gum 
| Seben) 

I. indigence, ©iirftigfeit, SJtanget 

memory, ©ebddffnifj 
recollection, ©rinnerung 

eternal, etoig (otyne Slnfang no$ ©nbe) 
everlasting, Beftanbig (o^ne ©nbe) 





© r ft e Section. 


107 


IHcvicr SVbfctjmth 


Jirst Wesson. ©rftc ^ttion. 

(©iefye Slbfcfynitt II., Qlrtifel 1., 2. unb 5.) 

The article, the noun, ®er9lrtifel, baSSHngtoort, 
the verb. b a 3 3 e i t to o r t. 


The father and the mother. 

S)er SSater unb bie Gutter. 

A house and a garden. 

©in £au3 unb ein ©arten. 

An arm and a hand. 

©in 2lrm unb einc £anb. 

1 have a garden. 

3d) fyabe cincn ©arten. 

You have the book. 

£)u fyaft ba§ 33ud). 

He has a dog. 

©r fyat einen .*punb. 

She has the pen. 

©ie fyat bie $eber. 

It has a toy. 

©3 I;at ein ©pielgeug. 

We have a brother. 

28ir fyaben einen 33ruber. 

You have a sister. 

I)abt eine ©d)toefter. 

You have a son. 

©ie fyaben einen ©ofyn. 

They have a cat. 

©ie I)aben eine $a£e. 

Have I a knife? 

£>abe id) ein 9Jteffer ? 

Have you a fork ? 

£>aft bu eine ©abel ? 

Has she a spoon ? 

§at fie einen Soffel ? 

Has it a plate ? 

£>at e3 einen Seller ? 

Have we a horse? 

£aben toir ein ^ferb ? 

Have you a cow ? 

£abt ifyr eine $uty ? 

Have you the mouse ? 

£aben fie bie 9Jtau3 ? 

Have they the pencil? 

§aben fie ben 231eiftift? 

The good father is here. 

£)er gute Slater ift tyier. 

Has he the bread ? 

§at er ba3 S3rob ? 

No, he has the milk. 

9iein, er fyat bie SltUd). 

Is the nut bitter? 

3ft bie 5Kufe bitter? 

No, it is sweet. 

9lein, fie ift fiifj. 

Have you the old book ? 

£aft bu ba3 alte 23ud) ? 

No, I have the new book. 

9iein, id; fyabe ba3 neue 33ud). 

I am a man. 

3d) bin ein 91tann. 

You are a girl. 

S)u bift ein 2J?abd&en. 


108 


© r ft e Section. 


He is a boy. 

She is at home. 

It is my book. 

We are young. 

You are old. 

You are a gentleman. 

They are good. 

He is here an hour. 

We have an apple. 

It is an insect. 

It is an honor for an officer. 

He is a Union man. 

Are you an American? 

No, I am a German. 

I love the father and the mother 
You drink water. 

He eats bread and butter. 

She calls the brother. 

It comes here. 

We blame the boy. 

You tell a story. 

You sleep well. 

They sing a song. 

The horse of the man is large. 
The mane of the horse is long. 

I give to the horse hay. 

The brother sells the horse. 
Mary has a nice slate. 

Mary’s slate is old. 

I give Mary a new book. 

I see Mary in the garden. 

The merchant sells coffee. 

The cow eats grass. 

The baker bakes good bread. 
We buy a new hat. 

You work in the garden. 

They read and write well. 

The butcher kills the calf. 

The teacher teaches the child. 
Is the apple sweet or sour? 

The apple is sourish. 

The grandfather is very old. 

The baby cries. 


©r iff ein £nabe. 

©ie iff gu £aufe. 

©3 iff mein 23ud). 

2Bir finb jung. 

^l;r feib alt. 

©ie finb ein £err 
©ie finb gut. 

©r ift eine ©tunbe tyier. 

2Bir fyaben einen 2tyfet. 

©3 ift ein infect. 

©£ ift eine ©tyre fur einen Officer, 
©r ift ein UnionSmann. 

©inb ©ie ein 51merifaner ? 

9tein, idj bin ein 2)eutfdjer. 

Hebe ben Safer unb bie Gutter. 
2)u trinfft SBaffer. 

©r ifct Srob unb Sutter. 

©ie ruft ben Srubcr. 

©3 fommt l;er. 

2Bir tabetn ben $naben. 

erga^lt eine ©efd)id)te. 

©ie fcfylafen mofyl. 

©ie fingen ein Sieb. 

2)a§ $ferb be§ 9Jtanne§ ift gro£. 
$)ie 9)tafyne be§ ^ferbe§ ift tang. 

gebe bent Sferbe £eu. 

2)cr Sruber berfauft ba§ $ferb. 
SJtarie fyat eine fefyone Safel. 
9Jtarien§ 5Cafet ift alt. 

gebe ber 9Jtarie ein neue§ Sud). 
fe^e IJtarie im ©arten. 

®er ^aufmann bertauft ^affee. 

$ie flu$ frifjt ©ra§. 

£>er Sacfer baeft gute§ Srob. 

SDBir faufen einen neuen §ut. 

©ie arbeiten im ©arten. 

©ie tefen unb fc^reiben gut. 

2)er 9Jte£ger fdjlacfytet ba§ Mb. 
25er Setter tc^rt ba§ $Unb. 

3ft ber Styfel filjs ober fauer ? 

2)er Slpfel ift fauerlid). 

£)er ©rofjbater ift fefyr alt. 

$Da§ fleine Stinb fdjreit. 


3 to c i t c Section. 


109 


Second Wesson. Sivcitc Section. 

® a§ 3w£erfectu m .--Past Tense. 


(©iefye 2lbfd;nitt II., 2lrtifel 2., 3., 4. unb 5.) 


The noun, the adjective, 
the pronoun, 
the verb. 

I was in the city yesterday. 

You were at home. 

He was in the stable. 

We were tired and sleepy. 

You were too slow. 

They were fresh and good. 

1 had a pretty little horse. 

You had yellow flowers. 

He had an old, blind horse. 

We had very nice weather. 

You had an old apron. 

They had a beautiful ring. 

I praised the diligent girl. 

You called the servant. 

He offered it. 

We played in the garden. 

You danced at the ball. , 

They earned the money. 


Sa3 Singmort, ba£ ©igen* 
[d)aft3h>ort, b a § $ it r h) o r t, 
b a 3 3 e ^th)ort. 

3d) toar in ber ©tabt geftern. 

Su toarft gu £aufe. 

©r hxtr im ©tall. 

2Bir ioaren mitbe unb fd^Idfrig. 

3&r toaret (©ic ioaren) gu langfam. 

©ie maren frifd) unb gut. 

3d) $atte ein fd)one§, fleineS $ferb. 

Su fyatteft gelbe 9lumen. 

©r l)atte cin alieS, blinbcS ^Sferb. 

2Bir fatten fefyr ^iibfc^e^ 2Better. 

3f>r I)attet, (©ie fatten) eiuc altc ©d)iirge. 
©ie fatten einen fefyonen 9iing. 

3d) lobtc ba§ fleifjige 9Jtabd)en. 

Su riefft ben Siener. 

©r bot e§ an. 

2Bir fpielten im ©arten. 

3()r tangtet (©ie tangten) auf bem 33aH. 
©ie berbienten ba§ ©elb. 


3m ©nglifdjen braud)t man bie $ormen bon do unb did in SSerbinbung mit 
ben betreffenben 3*dtoortern, urn $ragen gu ftetfen; g. 33. : Do I call ? (X(me id) 
rufen ?) 9tufe iefy ? Did I call ? (£§at id) rufen ?) 9iief id) ? 


Do I believe it ? 

Do you explain it? 

Does he go to the store ? 

Do we see it there ? 

Do you speak English ? 

Do they sell apples and pears ? 
Do you eat nuts? 

Does he read and write ? 

Do they mean it ? 

Did I see him at the theatre ? 
Did you call me ? 


©(aube id) e§ ? 

©rflarft bit e§ ? 

©efyt cr in ben Saben ? 

©efyen fair e§ bort ? 

©preset ifyr (tyred)cn ©ie) englifd)? 
SSerfaufen fie Slepfel unb 33irnen ? 
©[fen ©ie 9iitffe? 

Sieft unb fd)reibt er ? 

SJkinen fie e§ ? 

©afy id) i!)n im Sweater ? 

9iicfen ©ie mid) ? 


110 


3 to e i t e Section. 


$>ie progreffibe $orm briicft ein $>ing al§ toir£tidj gefdjeljenb ober 
ftattfinbenb toafyrenb einer getoiffen, fortbauernben ^Seriobe au3. 


Mr. Brawling is managing his busi¬ 
ness very well. 

He is writing a letter and we are not 
doing anything. 

My lesson is easier than yours. 

This hat is finer than Henry’s. 

Who is more diligent, Minnie or Clara? 

Minnie is more diligent but Clara is 
more attentive. 

Mary had the prettiest flowers on her 
hat. 

What do you say, Fred? 

I did not say anything. 

You said something about Mr. 


£>err $8ratoling berfieljt feirt ©efdfjaft fetyr 
gut. 

(Sr fdjreibt einen Srief unb toir iljun 
nid)t§. 

9Mne 9Cufgabe ift teic^ter al§ 5$re. 

2)iefer §ut ift fdjbner at§ ber <peinridj’§. 

2Ber ift fleijjiger, 9Jiinna ober ©lara ? 

3Jtinna ift fleijjiger, aber ©lara ift 
aufmerffamer. 

SKarie tyatte bie fdjonften Slumen auf 
ifyrem £>ute. 

23a§ fagft bu grifc? 
fagte nidjt§. 

2)u fagteft ettoa§ bon §errn $amil* 
ton. 

D ja, idj fanb ityn fterbenb al§ id) bort 
toar. 


Hamilton. 

O yes, I found him in a dying condi¬ 
tion, when I was there. 


The women were cleaning the knives ®ie fyrauen reinigten bie 9Jteffer in ber 
in the kitchen. $iid()e. 


The Plural. Comparison 
of Adjectives. 

The trees are in full bloom. 

We have very good books. 

He wears glasses. 

The negroes are very numerous. 
There are many churches in this city. 

I ate raspberries. 

He saw the monkeys yesterday. 

The Browns and the Storys are here. 
Mr. Holt had three wives. 

The thieves stole my money. 

Our house is full of mice. 

He brought two loaves of bread. 

The fishes live in the water. 

He caught a great many fish. 

We gave him two spoonfuls. 

My sisters-in-law are here. 

Miss Adt and the Misses Huegle are 
in town. 

He has three n’s in his name. 


S)er ^3 l u r a I. ©teigerung 
ber 21 b j e c t i b e. 

3)ie 93aume finb in boiler Sliitbe. 

2Bir fyaben fetyr gute SMidjer. 

©r tragt ©lafer. 

2)ie 9leger finS feljr gafylreidb. 

©§ gtbt biele $ird)en in biefer ©tabt. 

3>d) afj £>imbceren. 

©r fa^ bie 2Iffen geftern. 

£>ie (Jamilte) S'raun unb ©tort) finb tyier. 
£>err £>oIt I;atie brei $rauen. 

2)ie 2)iebe ftaljlen mein ©efb. 
llnfer £>au§ ift boll bon SJtaufcn. 

©r bradjte gtoei Saib IBrob. 

Sie $ifcf)e leben im 2Baffer. 

©r fing bietc gifdje. 

2Bir gaben ityrn jtoei Soffelbotf. 

9J?eine ©djtoagerinnen finb ^ier. 
graulein 9Ibt unb bie ftraulein §iigle fmb 
in ber ©tabt. 

©r §at brei n in feinem 91amen. 


2) r i t t e Section. 


Ill 


My hat is large, yours is larger, and 
Henry’s is the largest. 

She is pretty, Louisa is prettier, and 
Ada is the prettiest. 

He is more attractive than Willie. 

I am older than you, but Richard is 
the oldest. 

He is the most intelligent man in this 
country. 

This ham is less good and the sau¬ 
sage is least good. 


■Stein §ut ift grofi, ber beine ift grower 
unb <peinricb’3 ift ber grofete. 

©ie ift fdjbn, Souife ift fefyoner unb Slba 
ift am fd)bnften. 

(Sr ift angiefjenber al§ ©tllie. 

3# bin alter al§ bu, aber SHcfyarb ift am 
alteften. 

(Sr ift ber intettigentefte -Stann biefe§ 
2anbe§. 

Siefer ©c^infen ift tocnigcr gut unb bie 
S3rattt>urft ift am menigftcn gut. 


Slmtl JU'itte Action. 

S)a§ ^erfectum unb SHuSquamperfectum. 
Present and Past Perfect Tense. 


(©ie^e Slbf^nitt II., 2Irt. 1-6.) 

The Adverb. ®a§ XX mftan b 3 to o r t. 


I have been glad 
You have been angry. 

He has been very naughty. 

We have been sad. 

You have been young. 

They have been sweet. 

I have had a glass of water. 

You have had sweet milk. 

He has s had an old horse. 

We have had wine and beer. 

You have had gold and silver. j 

They have had torn shoes. 

I have sold him a round table. 

You have dropped the glass. 

She has torn her new dress. 

We have written him a letter. 

You have worked all day. | 

They have given him all their money. 
My father has worked too much. 


^<f> bin frofy gefoefen. 

* 5)11 bift drgertid) gemefen. 

(Sr ift fefyr ungegogen getoefen. 

SBir finb iraurig getoefen. 

2$r feib (©ie finb) jung getoefen. 

©ie finb fiift getuefen. 

%$) I)abe ein ®fa§ Staffer ge^abt. 

25u fyaft fiif^e SJtild) gefjabt. 

(Sr tyat ein alte§ ^3ferb gefyabt. 

2Bir ^aben SBein unb 23ier gc^abt. 

£$r fyabt (©ie fyaben) ©olb unb ©ilber 
ge^abt. 

©ie fyaben gerriffene ©djufye gefyabt. 

ijabe ifym etnen runben Sifcl) Derfauft. 
$u fyaft ba§ ©Ia§ fallen laffen. 

©ie fyat ityr neuc§ $teib gerriffen. 

2Bir fyaben if)m einen 55rief gefd)rieben. 
$f)r i)abt (©ie tyaben) ben gangen £ag 
gearbeitet. 

©ie fyaben il)m all ifjr ©etb gegeben. 

3Jtcin Slater fyat gu biel gearbeitet. 


112 


© r 1 11 c Section. 


Has your uncle given you a watch or 
has he only promised you one ? 

He has neither promised nor given 
me any. 

Where are you Willie? 

Who is calling me ? 

It is I, your friend Charles. 

What do you want ? 

I want you to go to the market. 

I thought, it was too early yet. 

No, it is half past seven. 

The woman, whom you saw this 
morning, is the wife of Mr. B. 

The farmer, who sold you the pota¬ 
toes, has found a hatchet. 

I know, it is the hatchet which I lost 
yesterday. 

The girl, the boy and the dog, that 
were in your yard yesterday, 
are here again. 

My mother has killed two fat 
geese. 

This gentleman had neither money nor 
credit, but that (one) had both. 

These flowers are very pretty, but 
those have a better scent. 

Whose coat is this ? 

Which do you mean ? 

I think it is that of my brother. 

Have you eaten anything ? 

I have eaten something ? 

Which is the largest city in the 
United States V 

New York is the largest but Wash¬ 
ington is the prettiest city. 

Have you ever been there? 

I have lived in both cities. 

I had had it in my pocket. 

We had been there, before they came. 

He had rowed him over the river, 
when the policeman came. 

Be here in time, and do your work 
better than you have done it 
yesterday. 


§at 2)ein Dnfel bir eine Uf;r gegeben, 
ober bat er bir nur eine nertyrocfyen ? 
©r bat mir meber eine berff)rod)en, nod) 
eine gegeben. 

2Bo bift ®u, SBilbelm ? 

2Ber ruft mid) ? 

3d) bin e§, bein $reunb $arf. 

2Ba§ mittft bu ? 

3d) mitt baben, bajj bu auf benSJiarft gebft 
3d) bad)te, e§ mare nocb frith* 

9lein, e§ ift f>atb ad)t. 

3)ic f$frau, mefd)e bu gcftern Morgen jatyft, 
iff bie fyrau be§ §errn $3. 

S)er farmer, mefdjer bir bie -tetoffeln 
oertauft bat, f;at ein 23eit gefunben. 
3d) meib/ e§ ift ba§ 23eit, ba§ id) 
geftern berloren babe. 

3>a§ 9Mbd)en, ber Stnabe unb ber .Cntnb, 
metd)e geftern in euerem £>ofe maren 
finb mieber ba. 

■Dteine 9Jiutter bat jmei fette ©anfe go* 
fd)lad)tei. 

SDiefcr $err ^atte mcber 6efb nod) 
©rebit, aber jener butte beibeS. 

£)iefe 33tumen finb febr fd)on, aber jene 
baben einen befferen Gerucb. 

SBeffen 3iod ift bie§ ? 

2Betd;en meinen ©ie ? 

3cb benfe, e§ ift ber meine$ 33ruber§. 
£aben ©ie etma§ gegeffen ? 

3d; babe ctma3 gegeffen. 

2Befd)e§ ift bie grojjte ©tabt in ben 
33ereinigten ©taaten ? 

9lem 9)orf ift bie grbfjte, aber Safbington 
ift bie fd)bnfte ©tabt. 

©inb ©ie je bort gemefen? 

3d; babe in beiben ©tabten gemobnt. 

3d) batte e§ in meiner Xafd)e gebabt. 

2Bir maren ba gemefen, beoor fie farnen. 
©r batte ibn iiber ben $lufj gerubert, al§ 
ber ^olijift fam. 

©ei fmnfttid) bier unb tbue beine SIrbeit 
beffer, al§ bu fie geftern getban 
baft. 


33 i e r t c Section. 


113 


Let us go to see the procession. 


f Safe (tajjt) ung gefycn, urn bie ^Srogeffion 
1 angufcfyen. 

^Better 


We may go if the weather permits. ( fflit mb 8 m «*$««< h)CTn cS ba * 

t ertaubt. 

You must go, if you can, be it warm 2)u mufjt geben, menu bu fannft, fei eg 
or cold. inarm ober fait. 

The doctor said she might have the 3)er Softer fagte, fie mod;te bie 9Jiafern 
measles. fyaben. 

Not having any money, I must stay 2)a id; fein ©elb tyabe, tnu^ id; gu £aufe 
at home. bleiben. 

You might have some, if you had not £>u modjteft meldjeg tyaben, toenn bu niefyt 
spent it all. alleg auggegeben ^atteft. 

They could have gone to St. Louis ©ie fatten mit ifyrem better nad; ©t. 
with their cousin. i'ouig geben fbnnen. 

If I had known this before, I should 2Benn id; bieg border geftufjt bdtte, miirbe 
not have written the letter. id; biefen 23rief nic^tgef Jjrieben tyaben. 

You may believe it now or not, I told 2)u magft eg nun glauben ober nid;t, id; 
you the real truth. tyabe btr bie reine SBa^eit gefagt. 


Jouvtlt 'Cession. fierte Section. 

2)ag $uturum un ^ $uturum Cgactum. 
Future and Future—Perfect Tense. 

(©ietye Wmnitt II., Hrtifel 1-8.) 


The Interjection. The 
Conjunction. 

I shall be there if nothing happens. 
He will be honest and true. 

I will be there under all circum¬ 
stances. 

I shall have some cigars. 

I will have some cigars. 

We shall go to the theatre. 

We will go to the concert. 

They will have been there in an 
hour. 

If it be cold, I shall not go out. 

If we were rich, we might do it. 


2 ) a g @m$>finbung§ft>ort. 

3 a g 33inbeU)ort. 

3$ toerbe ba fein, ioenn nid;t§ borfadt. 

©r mirb treu unb efyrlid; fein. 

'yd; loerbe unter alfen Umftanben bort 
fein. 

3d; merbe ©igarren fyaben. 

3d& merbe (unbebingt) ©igarren ^aben. 

?Bir merben in’g Sweater geben. 

2Bir merben (beftimmt) in’g Concert geben. 

©ie merben in einer ©tunbe bagetoefen 
fein. 

2Benn eg fait fein fodte, roerbe idb niebt 
augge^en. 

SBenn nrir reid; mdren, molten mir eg 
tbun. 


114 


SStcrte Section. 


If I had been in his place I would 
have done it. 

If they had time, they would accept 
your proposition. 

The enemies will have had time to 
retreat, before you get there. 

The farmers will have sowed their 
oats before May. 

Don’t go over there ! 

Yes I do go, in spite of it. 

The merchant is obliged to sell his 
house ; he has lost a great deal 
during this year. 

You ought to go to school, little 
boy. 

Having sold my cottage in the 
country I shall stay in the city 
this summer. 

My sister, having such a cold, has to 
stay in the house. 

I am writing a letter to Albert, don’t 
bother me. 

To whom ? Who is he ? 

He has just finished his studies at 
Vienna. 

They say that the problem of air- 
navigation soon will be solved. 
A man of Mount Carmel, Ill., is 
building an air-ship now in 
which he will make an ascens¬ 
ion in about two weeks. He 
says, that he has overcome all 
the difficulties, which used to 
obstruct the carrying out a suc¬ 
cessful attempt before. 

O, wait for me ! 

Good heavens, what a sight! 

Alas, he is dead! 

Pshaw, I don’t believe it! 

Cheer up, we soon will be there ! 

Welcome, my friends! 

Stop, I am coming ! 

I didn’t go, because I had no money. 

I shall not do it except he wants me 
to. 


2Benn id; an feiner ©telle gcmefen mdre, 
mfirbe id; e§ gettyan ^aben. 

2Senn fie $eit fatten, mfirbcn fie £$rcn 
$orftf>lag anncljmen. 

2)ie $einbe iuerben $eit gcfyabt ^aben fid; 

gurficfgugie^en, efye ifyr fyin fommt. 
®ie farmer merben ifjren £afer bor 9Jiai 
gefat tyaben. 

©efye nicfyt ba^infiber! 

3a icl) gefye gum £ro£. 

2)er Siaufmann mujj (ift genotfyigt) fein 
£au§ gu berfaufen; er fyat fe^r biel 
bcrloren md^renb biefe§ 2>al;re§. 

2)u foUteft in bie ©djufe getyen, fleiner 
$nabe. 

2)a id; meine SStHa im £anbe bcrfauft 
^abe, toerbe icfy biefen ©ommer in ber 
©tabt bleiben. 

£)a meine ©cfymefter fid; fo erfaltet fyat, 
mufj fie im £aufe bleiben. 

$d; fdjreibe einen 33rief an Gilbert, ftore 
mid; nidjt. 

21n men ? 2Ber ift ber ? 

©r tyat eben feine ©tubien in 28ien be* 
enbet. 

9Jlan fagt, bajj ba§ problem ber Suft* 
fdjifffaljrt balb geloft fein mirb. ©in 
9Jiann bon Stount ©armel, Illinois, 
baut eben ein £uftfd;iff, in bent er in un* 
gefaljr biergetyn £agen (gtoei 2Bod;en) 
eine $a§rt madden mill. ©r fagt, 
bajj er alle ©d;mierigfeiten fiber* 
hmnben §abe, toeldje einen er* 
folgreidjen SSerfud; fritter bertyinbert 
fatten. 

21cfy, ibarte bod; auf mid;! 

D £immel, meld;e 2lu3fictyt!, 

Seiber ift er tobt! 

^Sal;, id; glaube e§ nid;t! 
blunter, balb finb fair ba! 

SBillfommen, meine 3'teunbe! 

23arte, id; fomme! 

$d; ging nicfyt, meil id; fein ©elb fyattc. 
$d; merbe e§ nid;t ttyun, aufjer er mill e$ 
§aben. 


115 


$ ii n f t c 

We shall pay him, provided he does 
it well. 

I saw neither him nor her. 

Do it, if you can. 

1 would have written, but I had no 
time. 


Section. 

2Bir ioerben ityn bejablen, toenn er e§ or* 
bcntticb mactyt. 

$d) fab toeber ifnt nod) fie. 

£b ue c3, toenn bu fannft. 

$cb tourbe gefcbrieben ^aben, aber i<# 
batte fcine 3^it. 


Jiftlt Wesson. Junftc ^cjtion. 

Passive Voice , — Passivum. 

(©iebe Stbfcbnitt II., Strtifcl 5. unb 6.) 


This man is esteemed by everybody, j 

I am provided with everything. 

Alaska was sold to the United States 
for eight million dollars. 

Your article was published as soon 
as it arrived. 

We have been invited by him, but 
we can not go. 

I shall be notified in time. 

He would have been sent there, if he 
had been trustworthy. 

The pianos are made of dry timber. | 

It is said, war is imminent. | 

It was mentioned there. 

This man is said to be a cousin of 
Lord Baltimore 

Annie Rooney was sung everywhere. | 

Thus it was done. 

My dress is not so fine as 
yours. 

This letter is written nicely. 

General Washington was very 
much beloved by all. 


©iefer 9Jtann toirb (ift) bon Hermann 
gead)tet. 

3 3) toerbe (bin) berfefyen mit 'Mem. 

2lta§fa tourbe an bie Sereinigten ©taaten 
fitr ad)t SJtillionen 2)olIar§ oerfauft. 
2lrtifel tourbe Oeroffentlid)t, fobalb 
er anfam. 

2Bir finb bon ibm eingelaben toorben, 
aber toir fbnnen nid)t getyen. 

2>d) toerbe in 3^1 benad)rid)tigt ioerben. 

@r tourbebabin gefdjidt toorben fein, toenn 
er bertrauenSiourbig getoefen todre. 

©ic pianos ioerben au$ trodenem <pol$e 
gemad)t. 

©§ toirb gefagt (man fagt), bafe ^rieg 
beborftebt. 

9ttan ertodbnte c§ bort. (©§ tourbe bort 
ertodbnt). 

•JJlan fagt, bafj biefer 9Jiann ein Setter 
be§ Sorb Baltimore fei. 

Slnna 3toonet) tourbe iiberall gefurtgen. 
(9Jtan fang Mna hornet)). 

©o (auf biefe idrt unb SBetfe) tourbe eS 
gemaebt. (©o gefebab e§—fo mad)te 
man e§.) 

■JJtcin $lcib ift nid)t fo fdjon toie ba§ 
Sbvige. 

2)iefer 33rief ift (toirb) fd)on gcfd)rieben. 

©eneral SBafbington tourbe oon alien 
febr geliebt (ioar geliebt.) 


\ 


Section. 


It was not understood as they ex¬ 
pected. 

She is as sweet as a peach. 

All his horses were sold. 

Three men-of-war were sent off. 

It would have been believed, 
if it had been told by anybody 
else. 

It is said of them that he always acts 
like a gentleman, and she as a 
lady. 

This sum would also have been 
squandered, if it had been sent 
to him, but Mr. S. was advised 
not to do it. 

By whom has this table been bought ? 


sourbe nidjt berftanben, toie man er* 
martete. (Wan berftanb u. f. m.) 

©ie iff fo fitjj mie cin ^Sfirfic^. 

Side feme ipferbe tourben berfauft. 

2)rei $ricg§fcfjiffe tourben abgefd)idt. 

@3 toitrbe gegtaubt toorben fein, toenn e§ 
bon jemanb anberem ergafylt toorben 
todre. 

toirb bon ifmen gefagt, baft er fid^ ittt* 
mer af§ bornefymer Wann itnb fie al§ 
borneftme Same benontmen (mben. 

2)icfe Sumtne toiirbe aucf) oerfdjleubert 
toorben fein, toenn fie ifytn gefdjicft 
toorben todre, aber £errn ©. tourbe 
geratfyen, bic§ nid)t gu tftun. 

SSon ioem ift biefer £ifcfy gefauft toorben. 


Pronouns. 

My horse is better than yours. Wein ^ferb ift beffer al§ ba§ beine. 

Their cousin is not there. £$r ^Better ift rtid^t bort. 

Our knives are dull. llnfere Weffer firtb ftumftf. 

This house is new and that is old. ©iefe§ Jpau3 ift neu unb jene§ ift aft. 

These boys play and those read. ©iefe $inber ftnelen unb jene tefen. 

She speaks of her, me, us. ©ie fprid^t bon iftr, mir, un§. 

I see them everyday. fc^e fie atle Sage. 

This is mine and that is (thine) ©iefer ift ber meinige unb jener ift ber 
yours. beinige. 

Hers is not here. ©a§ ityrige ift nid;t Incr. 

The buttons of my coat are new. ©ie $nopfe meine§ 9iode§ finb neu. 

I saw it myself. faf> c3 felbft. 

We are going ourselves. 2Bir felbft gefyen. 

The leaves of this book are small. ©ie Matter biefeS 33ucl)c§ finb ffein. 

Who is here ? What is it ? 3Ber ift ftier ? 2Ea3 ift e§ ? 

The man, whose child died, is very ©er Wann, beffen $inb ftarb, ift fe^r 
sad. traurig. 

The horse, which I sold to him, is ©a§ $ferb, toeidjeS id; tf;m berfaufte, ift 
gray. grau. 

The woman, who washes for us, is a ©ie $rau, toeld;e fur un3 todfdjt, ift eine 
washerwoman. 2Bafd)frau. 

They do it, whatever it may be. ©ic tftun e§, toa§ e§ aud; fein moge. 

The man (whom) you saw, is blind, ©er Wann, tocldjen ©ie faften, ift btinb. 

The money (which) I found, belongs ©a* @elb, toet$e§ id; fanb, gefjbrt meU 
to my brother. nem Sruber. 

He, that speaks the truth, is honest. j ^ er i erl i9 e / ber bie SSafyrfyeit fjmcfyt, ift 

( aufrid;tig. 


© e d) f t c Section. 


117 


SEcssiob. cfcrljftc SSrctiou. 

3?eflesibe geitborte r .—Reflexive verbs. 
(©iefje 2lbfd)nitt II., Strtifcl 5.) 


3Siete btefcr 3eitborter berben actio unb intranfitio gebraudjt; aud) 
manc^en ba§ $iirbort beggetaffen berben. 9Jtand)e finb im ©eutfdjcn 
aber nid)t im ©nglifdjen. 


I am dressing myself. 

I dress myself or I dress. 

Do you wash yourself ? 

I have washed myself long ago. 

They amused themselves very much. 
He imagines to be smart. 

You must endeavor to better yourself. 
He inquired about him. 

These children are longing for home 
We remember it very well. 

The teacher complained to the pa¬ 
rents about the conduct of their 
children. 


famt bei 
refresh, 

jiefye mid) an. 

SBafdjeft bu bid) ? 

$dj babe mid) fdjon langft gebafdjen. 

©ie baben fid) febr amiifirt. 

©r bilbct fi d) cin gefcfycit ju fein. 

©u mufjt bid) bemiiben b i d) ^u beffern, 
©r erfunbigte f i d) iiber ibn. 

©iefe $inber fe^nen f i d) nadj £>aufe. 
2Bir erinnern u n § febr bobt. 

©er Scorer bcftagtc f i d) bci ben 
©Item iiber ba§ Setragen ibrer tin* 
ber. 


Rejoice, our army was victorious ! 

Did you enjoy yourself at the last 
ball? 

I have enjoyed myself very much. 

Dress and get ready ! 

When I have convinced myself that 
it is all right I shall not fail to 
participate. 

There were three men here inquiring 
about you. 

There was once a king. 

Who has said this ? 

Several persons have said so. -J 


$reut eu^ unfere SIrmce bar fiegreid)! 
s J(mufirtcn ©ic fid) auf bem lenten 
Salt? 

$d) babe mid) febr amiifirt. 

3iebe bid) an unb tnadje bid) fertig. 

SBean idj mid) iiberjeugt b a & e / e§ 
in Drbnung ift, berbe id) nid)t ermans 
geln mid) $u betbeUigen. 

©§ bareit bm banner bier, betebe ficb 
iiber ©ie erfunbigten. 

©3 bar einmat ein $&nig. 

2Ber bat ba§ gefagt? 

©§ baren berfd^teberte ^erfonen, bie e§ 
fagten. 


ThePreposition. &a3Se¥$&(thifstoovt» 

The garden by my house is not very ©er ©arten an meinem £aufe ift niebt 
large. febr grofj. 

To whom did you give it ? } ® em ga6cn @ic cg , 

Whom did you give it ? ' 

The parks of this city are beautiful, ©ie $arfe biefer ©tabt finb fd^on. 

There are many cattle in the field. ©§ finb biete 9tinber auf bem ^etbe. 

My sister went with a friend. SReine ©djbefter ging mit einer greunbin. 

Will you not come with me? ^Gotten ©ie niebt mit mir fornmeu? 


118 


© i e b e n t e Section. 


The cellar is under the house. 

He chased the rabbit up and down 
the hill. 

It is a good distance between Wash¬ 
ington and New York. 

I shall see him after dinner. 

He looks like his sister. 

He wound it around his finger. 

He came notwithstanding the rain. 

There are many .willow-trees along 
the river. 

You will find me at home after eight 
o’clock. 

They built an iron-bridge over the 
river. 

He went instead of me. 

I have not seen them since the war. 

You may depend upon. 

He was very kind towards me. 

Seventh Wesson. 


25er better ift uitter bent £>aufe. 

(Sr jagte baB $anind;en ben §iigef auf 
unb ab. 

(SB ift erne gute (Sntfernung gftnfcljen f>ier 
unb 9ten> 2)orf. 

3$ toerbe iljnt nad) bent SKittageffen fefjen. 

(Sr fief)t feiner ©dbtoefter a^ntid^. • 

(Sr toanb eB urn feinen finger. 

(Sr fant ungeaebtet beB 9tegenB. 

(SB gibt biefe 3Beibenbdume bent 
entlang. 

©ie finben midb ju §aufe nad; adbt 

Ubr. 

©ie bauten cine Sriide itber ben 

(Sr gtttg anftatt nteiner. 

3db babe ibn feit betn $riege nid;t gefetyen. 

©ie mogeit fid; auf mid; Oerfaffett. 

(Sr toar febr giitig gegen ntidb- 

^iek'tttc Section. 


(©iebe 21bfd;nitt II.) 


Numerals. 

He counted one, two, three and then 
they commenced running. 

Has he done it once, twice or three 
times ? 

The first and tenth of every month. 

Washington’s birthday is on the 
twenty-second day of February. 

Can I have your gun V 

Yes sir, but you must give me double 
the amount. 

What part is this? 

I can not tell exactly, whether it is 
one-half, one-third, one-fourth, 
one-fifth, two-thirds or- seven- 
eighths. 

Do it at once and you will not re¬ 
gret it. 

What do you charge me ? 

A quarter of a dollar. 


3 a b I tt> o v t c r. 

(Sr gei^tte einB, gftei, brei unb bann ftngen 
fie an ju laufen. 

§at cr cB etnmaf, jiueimaf ober breimal 
get^an? 

2)er crftc unb ge^nte in jebern 9ftonat. 

SBafbingtonB ©eburtBtag ift am ^toeis 
unbjmanjigftcn $ebruar. 

$ann id; 3b^e f^Iinte baben? 

3a, mein £err, aber ©ic miiffen ben 
bobbeltm 23etrag gabten. 

2Md;er ^b e ^ ift ? 

3d; fann nidbt genau fagen, ob eB cin 
6alb, ein Srittcl, ein SSiertet, ein 
§iinfte(, gtoei ^Drittet ober fieben 2ld;tet 
ftnb. 

£bue fofort unb bu ftirft cB nidbt 
bereuen. 

28ieoief berlangen ©ie bon mir? 

(Sinen SSicrtet dollar. 


©iebente Section. 


119 


Give me half a pound of meat. 

He staid only one third of a month 
with me. 

Wait half an hour and I shall go 
with you. 

He charged me five dollars a yard, 
which was half a dollar too 
much. 

What reason do you have for doing 
so ? 

First (firstly) I like it, secondly I 
want to and last (lastly) I am 
obliged to do it. 

My bonnet is pretty, yours is prettier 
and Mary’s is the prettiest. 

She speaks often of the red ribbons, 
which he lost in the fire. 

Five men are standing near him. 

There were many children among \ 
them. / 

I shall be there at about nine o’clock. 

I was glad to hear, that the merchant 
has sold his old house. 

The huckster comes here every day 
and sells us buter and cheese. 

I am sorry that you are hungry, for 
I have nothing to eat for you. 

The boy is more attentive than the 
girl, she is too restless. 

Who has been in my garden. 

We have been there yesterday but 
not to-day. 

I was very cold this morning when 
I came to town. 

Why did you not smoke ? 

Because there were some ladies pre¬ 
sent. 

What had the peddler in his bag ? 

The preacher preached an excellent 
sermon, but there were only a 
few present. 

Those merchants possess great riches. 

Please call the hostler, I am ready to 
go home, I want him to hitch 
up my horses. 


©eben ©ie mir ein fyalbc8 $funb $(eifcfy. 
©r blieb nur einen 'Drittet SJtonat bet 
mir. 

2Barte eirte fyatbe ©tunbe unb id; ge^entit 
bir. 

(Sr bertangte fiinf ©odar8 fiir eine ©de, 
ioa8 einen ^afben ©odar gubief 
ioar. 

2Ba8 fiir Urfad?e tyaben ©ie ba8 gu* 
t^un ? 

©rften8 t$ue id; e8 gern, gioeiten8 hntt 
id; e8 tfyun, unb brittenS bin i$ ge* 
nbtfyigt e8 gu ifyun. 

9Jlein §ut ift fd;on, ber beine ift fd;o;tcr 
unb ber 9ftarien8 ift ber fdjonfte. 

©ie tyridfyt oft bon ben rotten Sanbcrn, 
mefcfye er im $euer berforen fjat. 

$iinf banner ftefyen na^e bei itym. 

©8 toaren biefe $inber barunter. 

ioerbe ungefa^r um neunll^r bort feiu. 
©8 freute mi$ gu tyoren, bafj ber $auf* 
matm fein alte8 £au8 berfauft f;at. 

©er §ofer fommt jeben ©ag unb berfauft 
un8 Sutter unb ^dfe. 

©8 tfyut mir feib, bafj bu tyungrig bift, 
benn id; ^abe nid;t8 gu effen fiir bid). 

©er $nabe ift aufmerffamer, a(8 ba8 
■JJtcibcfyen, e8 ift gu unru^ig. 

2Ber ift in meinem ©arten gemefen ? 

Sfiir finb geftern bort geioefen, aber nid;t 
tyeute. 

©8 fror midO fe^r tyeute Morgen, af8 id^ 
gur ©tabt fam. 

SBarum raud;ten ©ie nid;t? 

SBeil ©amen ba (gegenlodrtig) ioa* 
ren. 

2Ba8 (jatte ber §aufircr in feinem ©ade ? 
©er ^farrer tyieft eine au8gegeid;nete 
$rebigt, aber e8 ioaren nur Sffienige 
ba. 

Sene ftauffeute befiijen grojje 9teicbt(>umer. 
Sitte rufe ben £>au8fne$t, id; bin bereit 
nad; £aufe gu ge^en, icfy toid i^n meine 
5}3ferbe eintyannen faffen. 


120 


©iebente Section. 


He shall not return before the end 
of next month. 

The parrot has a finer plumage than 
the crow. 

The hawk has very sharp 
talons. 

Give me the knife which you bought 
yesterday. 

* There are many pheasants in America 

Our partridges are smaller here than 
they are in Europe. 

The woods are full of life : doves coo, 
larks warble, crows caw. 

The negroes have the glasses. 

There are many churches ill this 
city, but not many schools. 

Calves have no horns. 

Those men are selling knives. 

When we were in New York, we saw 
many ships in the harbor. 

Will you go to Boston to-morrow? 

I walk and you ride. 

Did you see these large geese ? 

Miss Annie is playing on the piano. 

I have lost one tooth and my friend 
B. lost all his teeth. 

We have seen many wolves and 
foxes. 

Who knocks at the door? 

How much did you pay for the new 
overcoat, which you bought at 
E. B. Barnum’s & Co. ? 

I paid only fifteen dollars. 

This is cheap, if it is all woolen. 

My stockings are too short, do you 
have larger ones ? 

I have a nice, new pair for you. 

He always wears high collars. 

There are many fish in the pond. 

The dog is under the table. 

How often do you go to the theatre ? 

How often do you go to Baltimore ? 

I go there very often to buy some 
goods, as I can buy cheaper 
there than here. 


©r mirb nid;t bor ©nbe natifjften 3Konat§ 
guriidfebren. 

Der ^papagei bat ein fcbbnere§ ©efieber 
al§ ber 3tabe. 

Der f^atfe (£abid;t) b a * feb* fd^arfe 
Braden. 

©ib mir ba§ afteffer, melcbe$ bu geftern 
gefauft baft. 

©3 gibt biefe $afanen in 9Imerifa. 

Unfere atebbitbner finb bier ffeiner al§ in 
©uro^a. 

Die 2Bdtber ftnb bod Seben: Durtettauben 
girren, Serdjen tridern, $rdben frdcbgen. 
2)ie 9tcger baben bie ©tafer. 

@§ finb btete $ird;en in biefer ©tabt, 
aber nid;t biefe ©djufen. 
father baben feine Corner. 

3>ene banner berfaufcn afteffer. 

9U3 ibir in atem 9)orf maren, faben mir 
biete ©djiffe irn <pafen. 
aBerbcn ©ie nad; 93ofton geben, morgen? 

gebe (gu 5u£) unb bu fabrft. 

©aben ©ie biefe grofjen ©dnfe ? 

$rdufein 9lnna tyieft auf bem 5tCabier. 
$d; berfor einen 3 a b n unb mein $reunb 
93. berfor adc feine 3^b ne . 

2Sir baben biefe 3Bblfe unb $iicbfe se* 
feben. 

2£er ffopft an bie Dbiir ? 

3Sie biel baben ©ic fur ben neuen Ueber* 
gieber begabft, mefd;en ©ie bon ©. 93. 
93arnum & ©o. fauften? 

^d; begabtte nur funfgebn DodarS. 

Da§ ift biUig, menn er gang bon SOSode ift. 
aJieine ©triimpfe finb gu furg, baben ©ie 
langere ? 

£>d; babe ein f;ubfcbe§ neue§ ^paar fiir bid;, 
©r tragt immer b<>be $ragen. 

©§ finb biefe fjtfcbe im Deidbe. 

Der £mnb ift unter bem Difdj. 

2Bie oft gebft bu in’3 Dbcater? 

2Bie oft gebft bu nacb 93aftimore? 

Scb gebc febr oft babin, urn ©acben gu 
faufen, ba id; biUiger bort faufen fann 
af§ b^r. 


2C d; t e Section. 


121 


Minnie has received two new books 
from her father. 

Chicago is the largest city in the 
West. 

The jacket of that little girl is torn; 
she must mend it. 

He fell over the bench and broke his 
thumb. 

Who comes here ? It is Mr. (Mister) 
Brown. 

Mr. Brown is a nice gentleman. 

Has Miss Adrienne been here ? 

No, it was Mrs. (Mistress) Smith. 


SJiinna fyat gtr>ci neue S3ud)er bon tf;rem 
Slater erljalten. 

Chicago ift bic grbfjte 0tabt be§ 
2Beften3. 

$ie $ad'e jene§ ffeinen 2Jtabd;en§ ift 
gerriffen, fie mufj fie ftiden. 

©r fiet itber bie 23anf unb brad; feinen 
©autnen. 

2Ber fommt fyier? ift £err 
23raun. 

§err 23raun ift ein netter £err. 

3ft ftraufein 2fbrienne l;ier getoefen? 

2iein, e§ tear $rau ©djmibt. 




(SigUtlt gultte gCertta. 

(©ie^e 2Ibfd;nitt II., 2trtifet 4.) 

Indefinite Pronouns. Unbeftimmte $ it r ibotter. 


Have you eaten any nuts ? 

No, I have eaten some strawberries. 

Has anybody been here ? 

Everybody comes and goes. 

Please give me some coffee. 

I shall go to market this morning to 
buy some peaches. 

There is not much fruit this year, 
the frost has killed a great deal. 
But there are plenty of berries, 
as huckleberries and also rasp¬ 
berries. 

Have you had any wine? 

We have had some. 

There are but a few boys here and 
no girls at all. 

Have you received my papers? 

Have you any news for me ? 

No, I am sorry I have not. 

Many a brave soldier was killed in 
the battle. 

I shall not take all, as neither of you 
has had any. 

Both is agreeable to me. 

I have seen only a few. 


§aben ©ie 9tiiffe gegeffe.t? 

2tein, id; f;abe ©rbbeeren gegeffett. 

3ft 3entanb fyier gcmefen ? 

3ebcrmann fommt unb gefyt. 

33itte, geben ©ie mir etioa§ ftaffee. 

3d; toerbe fyeute Morgen auf ben 9)tarft 
gefyen, urn $firfid;e gu faufen. 

©§ gibt nid;t bief ftrudjt biefeS 
3a(>r, ber $roft tyat f^r bief ge* 
tbbtet. 2Iber e§ gibt genug 23eeren, 
roie ^Sreijjefbeeren unb aud; §im* 
beeren. 

ipaben ©ie 2Bein getyabt ? 

2Bir fatten toefdjen. 

©§ finb nur toenige ftnaben fyier unb gar 
feme 9Kabd;en. 

foaben ©ie meine ^eitungen erfyaften. 

<paben ©ie eth?a§ 2teue§ fiir mid; ? 

■ftetn, id; bebauere, ic§ fyabe nidjt. 

2Jtand;er brabe ©olbat tourbe in ber 
©d;fad;t getobtet. 

3d; toerbe nidjt affe§ ne^men, ba feiner 
bon end; toefcfyeg gefyabt §at. 

23eibe§ ift fiir mid; angenefym. 

3$ tyabe nur einige gefefyen. 



122 


21 d) t e Section. 


There have been a great many cy¬ 
clones this year and a great deal of 
we rain fell during the fall, but are 
having nice winter-weather now. 

Everybody is going. 

Several went to Baltimore. 

They say it is so. 

Will you have some cake ? 

No, not any, thank you. 

He said something. 

The former went to St. Louis, the la¬ 
ter to New York. 

He had such a nice dog. 

Many a man found it out. 

Who has taken my pen? 

I have not taken your pen, but I 
have had (eaten) some of your 
biscuits, which you left on the 
table in your room. 

I am glad (that) you have taken 
them, as they were rather old 
and would have become stale. 

My sister served some sandwiches, 
which were excellent; we all 
were hungry and thirsty when 


l;at bide SBirbelftiirme gegeben bie* 
fe0 unb biel Stegen fief int 

§erbfie, aber jeftt ^aben fair f$bne0 
SBintermetter. 

^ebermann gefyt. 

(5tlid)e gingen nad) Baltimore. 

SJtan fagt, e0 fei fo. 

2Biinfd)en ©ie etma0 ®ud)en? 

Stein, id) banfe. 

(5r fagte etma0. 

Ser erftere ging nad; ©t. 2oui0, ber left* 
tere nad) Stem 2)orf. 

(5r ftatte fotdi einen feftonen §unb. 

95tand)er erfuftr e0. 

3Ber l)at meine $eber genommen ? 

$d) ftabe nieftt ?Jeber genommen, 
aber id^ I)abe einige gmiebad ge* 
geffen, meld)e ©ie auf bem 5Eifdbe in 
Sftretn Simmer ftaben liegen laffen. 

©0 ift mir lieb, baft ©ie biefetben ges 
nommen ftaben, ba fie fd)on etma0 alt 
maren unb alibaden gemorben maren. 

SOteine ©d)mefter Irug 23utterbrbbd)en 
auf, meld)e au 0 g? 3 eicftnet maren; mir 
alle maren ftungrig unb burftig, a!0 mir 
nad; fpaufe farnen. 

£aben ©ie all bie £efe gebraud)t ? 

gar feine gebraud)t, ba id) 
feit einiger geit nid)t gebaden ftabe; 
mir ftaben all unjer 23rob bon bem neuen 
23ader an ber $ ©trafte gefauft. 

@r tftut, a!0 ob er nid)t ftbrte. 


we came home. 

Have you used all the yeast ? 

I have not used any, as I did not bake I)abe 
for some time ; we have bought 
all our bread from the new baker 
on F street. 

He acts as if he could not hear. 



Kcutttc fftfriiott. 


3) e r ^mfterati b.— Imperative Mood. 


We had some potato dumplings for 
dinner. 

When I came to America, I first 
stopped a few days in New York 
and then I went over Philadel¬ 
phia, Washington and Cincin¬ 
nati to Chicago, where I have 
lived ever since. 


2Bir fatten .^artoffclfloftc gu unferem 
SDtittageffen. 

2110 id) nad) Slmerifa fam, ftielt id) mid) 
erft cinigc Xage in Stem ^)orf auf, 
bann ging id) iiber ^ftilabefyftia, 
SBafftington unb Cincinnati nad) 
Chicago, mo id) feitbem moftnte 
(lebte). 


•K c u n t e Section. 


123 


If Germans come to New York and 
do not find ready employment, 
it is far better for them not to 
stay until they have spent their 
last cent but to go west and en¬ 
gage in any work they may find. 

A great many perish in that great 
city, where the greatest wealth 
and the greatest misery face 
each other. 

Be welcome! 

Be still boys! 

Do your work men! 

Call the coachman and then go to 
the butcher and buy three 
pounds of beef. 

Waiter, bring a glass of beer and a 
ham-sandwich. 

He bought an orchard with bloom¬ 
ing peach-trees. 

He was paying his bill, when he 
heard of it. 

My books are very interesting and 
entertaining. 

It was raining all day. 

It is necessary for you to learn the 
English language. 

To deceive you it is impossible for 
me. 

It is very sad to be sick all the time. 

My pupils have done their work very 
satisfactorily. 

Children wash yourselves! 

I enjoy myself whenever I go¬ 
th ere. 

I have seen it myself that they re¬ 
venged themselves. 

Did you hurt yourself? 

Do not put yourself to so much 
trouble, my boy. 

They warmed themselves at the 
stove, when they came in. 

We shall dress ourselves as soon as 
the tailor brings the clothes 
which we ordered. 


Sffienn $)eutfd;e nad; 9teft> 2)orf fommert 
unb fonnen nidbt gerabe Slrbcit finben, 
ift e3 bei foeitem beffer fur fie, nidjt gu 
bleiben, bi3 fie ifjrett fe^ten Cent au§* 
gegeben fyaben, fonbern meftlicfy gu gel;e i 
unb irgenbioetdje 2lrbeit gu ergreifen, 
meld;e fie finben mogen. Cine grojje 
2ingaf;( geljt in jener grofjen ©tabt gu 
©runbe, too ber grbfjte 9ieid;ttyum unb 
ba3 grofjte ©lenb fid; gegeniiber ftefyen. 

©ei, (feib) hnllfontmen! 

©eib rufyig, ifyr $naben! 

£f;ut eucre Arbeit, Seute! 

3hife ben £utfd;er unb bann gefye gum 
9Jte£ger unb faufe brei $funb 9tinb* 

Heffner, bringen ©ie ein ©fa§ S3ier unb 
ein ©d;infenbrbbd;en. 

©r faufte einen Dbftgarten mit btiityenben 
$firfid;baumen. 

©r begafylte (eben) feine 3ted;nung, at3 er 
babon ^brte. 

33teine 23itd;er finb fetyr intereffant unb 
unterljaltenb. 

©3 regnete ben gangen Stag. 

©3 ift nbtfiig fiir bid; bie englifd^e ©pra* 
dje gu lernen. 

©3 ift mir unmogttd;, bid; gu tau* 
fd;en. 

©3 ift fetyr traurig, immer fran! gu fein. 

3)teine ©djiUer fyaben ifyre Slrbeit fefyr gu* 
friebenftellenb gearbeitet. 

.ftinber, toafdjt euefy! 

$d; amiifire mid; (jebe3mat), toenn id; 
bafyingelje. 

$d; f;abe e§ fefbft gefetyen, bi§ fie fid; 
rdd;ten. 

Jpaben ©ie fid; berle^t? 

©ib bir nidjt fo bief 9Jtu§e, mein 
£nabe. 

©ie ibdrmten fid; arnDfen, at3 fie herein* 
famen. 

2Bir merben un3 angiefjen (anfleiben), fo* 
bafb ber ©cfyneiber bie Kleiber bringt, 
toeldje ibir beftellt fyaben. 


\ 


124 SXlcxtnte Section. 

The horses are driven to the stable. ©ie $ferbe merben gum ©tail getrieben. 

I am feared. %<$} toerbe gcfiirdjtet. 

Barley is sown in spring. ©erfte mirb im $rii*>Iing gefaet. 

This house was sold yesterday. ©iefe§ £au§ murbe geftern berfauft. 

For how much can this horse be $ur miebiel faun biefeS Spferb gefauft 
bought ? merben ? 

They are loved by everybody. ©ie merben bon alien geliebt. 

We have been permitted to go. hnirbe un§ erlaubt gu gefyen. 

They had been expected. ©ie maren ermartet morben. 

You will be rewarded, if you are ©it mirfi belofynt merben, menn bu fletfug 
diligent. bift. 

Do always your duty and you will be ©fyue immer beine ^flid;t unb bu mirft 
esteemed by all. bon alien geadjiet merben. 

That man is flattered too much. ^enem SJlann mirb gu fe^r gejdjmeidjelt. 
He would have been sent to St.Louis, Cr murbe nad) ©t. 2oui§ gefd)icft morben 
if he had not taken sick. fein, menn er niefyt franf gemorben mare. 

All my friends have been promoted. 3We nteine $reunbe finb beforbert morben. 
The horse was struck by lightning. ©a§ ^ferb murbe bom Sli£ getroffenen. 

I will be excused. merbe entfdjulbigt merben. 

The carriage was upset. ©er 2Sagen murbe urngemorfen. 

Does the mayor not go to the hospital ©el)t ber Siirgermeifter nidjt in ba§ ^ofpis 
to-day ? tat tyeute ? 

Do you nail it on (to) the ceiling ? 32ageln ©ie e§ an bie ©ede ? 

Did the carpenter build the porch ? Saute ber 3immermann ba§ SortyauS ? 
Does the area of New York exceed lleberfteigt ber $lad)enin^alt 5ftem 2)orf3 
that of Pennsylvania ? ben $ennftylbanien§ V 

Does your chimney smoke ? ^audjt £$r $amin? 

I do not see him any more. £ 5 $ fel;e il)n nid)t mefjr. 

I did not do it. tF;at e§ nic^t. 

Are you going to the mill ? ©e^ft bu gur 9Jtul)le? 

I was going to but I changed my mar im Segriff gu ge^en, aber id) 
mind. befann mid) anber$. 

Have you been taking medicine, since £aben ©ie DJtebigin eingenommen, feit 
you came here ? ©ie Ijierfyer famen ? 

I did not think it was necessary, my $d) bad)te niefyt, bajj e§ not^mtnbig mare, 
illness being not severe enough, ba meine $ranf§eitniefyt ernft genug mar. 

ScutU fgtasjm. Selitttc prtiou. 

Construction of Sentences. —Con ft ruction bon © a ^ e n. 

(©a§ Subject ftel;t bor unb ba§ Object nad) bem 3eitmort.) 

The dog caught the hare. ©er §unb fing ben £afen. 

I shall endeavor to find it. merbe mid) bemiiljen, e§ gu finben. 

I have seen many people. $d) ^abe biele Seute gefetyen. 


3 e^rtte Section. 


125 


2tbberbien merben jebodj gmifeben bag ipulfggeitioortunbbag^artigifnum 

He has never studied his lesson. ©r bat nie fetne Section ftubirt. 

I scarcely noticed it. beobadjtete eg taunt. 


9Jt a n b r a u d) e niebt gu oiele, aber aud) niebt gu toenig SBorter. 


This (here) is my book. 

You have (got) to buy it. 

(At) about what time will your pa¬ 
rents come? 

Who (first) discovered America? 
You suppose him to be wealthier 
than his friend. s 2tber nid)t:. 
You suppose him wealthier etc. 
Neither my brother nor my sister, 
nid)t 

Neither my brother nor sister. 


£)ieg ift mein 33ucfy. 

£)u mufjt eg faufen. 

Ungefabr um meldje 3 e rt toerben 
©Item fommen ? 

2fier entbeefte 2lmerifa ? 

©ie batten ibn fiir tooblbabenber alg fei* 
nen $reunb. 

SBeber mein 33ruber nocb meine ©cbmefter. 


9ft a n Oermetbe boppelte ©teigerungen. 


This man is the (most) happiest. Xiefer 9Jtann ift am gliidlicbften. 
Those flowers are (more) prettier $ene 23lumen finb fc^oner alg biefe. 
than these. 


£)er 21 r t i f e 1 mirb baufig meggelaffen. 


The captain received the title of 
major. 

What kind of (a) woman is she? 

When will you go to Europe ? 

I don’t go this year. 

Let us go down town. 

Don’t let him do it. 

Men, women, boys and girls went 
to the city, to see the soldiers’ 
camp. 

He broke two glasses. 

Do not tell so many stories. 

My knives are not very scharp. 

The oxen are in the field. 

Mice and rats destroy often a great 
many things. 

.He killed five geese. 

These men are tall and those are 
short. 

My calves are older than yours. 

Henry’s hat is larger than George’s. 

Men’s boots are larger than boys’ 
boots. 

In the city of Washington are a 
great many negroes. 


Xer tafntdn erbielt ben Xitel 2Jtajor. 

SBag fiir eine $rau ift fie ? 

SSann geben ©ie nad) ©uropa ? 

Scb gebe biefeg ^abr niebt. 

Safjt ung blunter in bie ©tabt geben. 

£afj eg ibn niebt tbun. 

banner, fyrauen, ftnaben unb 3ftdbd)en 
gingen in bie ©tabt, um bag Sager ber 
©olbaten gu feben. 

©r gerbrad) gtoei ©Idler. 

©rgdble niebt fo Oiel ©efcbid)ten. 

?0teine 3Jleffer finb nidbt febr febarf. 

£)ie Dcbfen finb im f^elbe. 

Sftaufe unb fatten gerftoren oft oiele 
©acben. 

©r tbbtete fiinf ©anfe. 

Xiefe banner finb fcblanf (grofj) unb jene 
finb flein. 

9Mne $alber finb alter alg bie beinigen. 

<£>einricb§ £ut ift grower alg ber ©eorgg. 

2Jtannerftiefel finb grofjer alg $naben* 
ftiefel. 

$n ber ©tabt 203afl;ington finb febr biele 
ffteger. 



126 


3 c ^ n t e Section. 


The feathers of this bird are black 
and those of that are blackish. 

Money is scarce because the crops 
were a failure; still the farmers 
hope for better times. 

Though the president vetoed the 
bill, yet Congress passed it over 
his head. 

There will be great damage unless it 
rains. 

He will go whether you like it or 
not. 

O ! what a calamity ! 

Pshaw 1 I don’t care. 

Hush ! The baby sleeps. 

Aha ! There I find you. 

Unless they receive speedy aid, they 
Will perish. 

He sent his brother instead of his 
son. 

If you go, I will. 

Eva is my little sister. She is only 
two years old. She has blue 
eyes and light hair. I like Eva 
very much. I have given 
her a little doll. She likes to 
play with it. 


£>ic fyebern Mefe3 23ogcr3 fiitb fdfinarj 
unb bic jene3 finb fd;h>arglid;. 

©etb ift rar, ba bie ©rule fefjlfdjdug; 
jebod; bic farmer tyoffen auf beffere 
3eiten. 

Dbgteid; ber ^rafibent ben ©efe^entmurf 
mit feinem $eto belegte, paffirte ber 
(Songrejj benfelben. 

(S3 hnrb ein grojjer ©$aben fcin, aufjer 
e3 regnet. 

(Sr mirb getyen, ob bu e3 nun hmnfd^eft 
ober nid;t. 

D meld; ein Ungliid! 

$al;! id; madje mir nid)t3 barau3. 

©t! ba3 ^inblein fc^Idft. 

! ba finbe id; ©ie. 

©ie merben untergetyen aujjer fie befonts 
men fd;leunige £>iilfe. 

Slnftatt feinen ©ofyn fdjidte er feinen 
33ruber. 

SEBenn bu geljft, gefje id; aud). 

(Sba ift meine fleine ©djmefter. ©ie ift 
nur smei 3a^re art. ©ie f>at Mane 
2lugen unb ^cKe3 £>aar. 3d; f>abe 
@ba fetyr gern. 3$ I;abe ifyr eine 
fleine $uj)j>e gegeben. ©ie fyielt gern 
bamit. 


^nvcntU Wesson. ffilfte Section. 

Children’s Conversatio n.—$ inbergefprdd;. 


Here is a kitty and a baby. 

The baby plays with the kitty. 

I can see the fish in the water. 

•See the hen eat corn! 

Can the fish eat? 

Yes, the fish can swim, too! 

See the eggs in that nest. 

It is a blue jay’s nest. 

Who is the boy, that has the drum? 
It is Fred, the son of our neighbor. 
What is that in the tree, Fred ? 

O, that is a nest with two eggs in it. 


£>ier ift ein ftdfcdjen unb ein $inbd}en. 
2)a3 £inbd;en fpielt mit bem $d£d;en. 

3d; faun ben gifd; im SBaffer fefyen. 

©ief; ba3 <bubn $orn freffen ! 

£ann ber $ifd; aud? freffen ? 

3a, ber fjfifd; faun aud; fdjtmmmen, 

©iefy bie (Sier in jenem 9tefte! 

(S3 ift ein §e^r3neft. 

2Ber ift ber $nabe, ber bic Srommel l>at ? 
©3 ift ftriM ber ©o^a unfere3 s )lad;bar3. 
2Ba3 ift ba3 auf bem 23aume, $ri£ ? 

D, ba3 ift ein 9teft mit jmei (Siern. 


©Ifte Section. 


127 


Annie’s bird is in a cage. 

Katie has a cat in her lap. 

It is her pet kitty. 

Her hand is on the cat’s back. 

She will pat the kitty 
She will give it some milk. 

Does the cat like milk ? 

O yes, there is some in a pan. 

See how fast the cat laps the milk. 
See how fast the snow falls! 

The garden is all white. 

All the boys have sleds. 

They all like to ride on sleds. 

O, what fun! 

I have a good dog. 

He is a very good dog. 

Dogs like to be treated kindly. 

Go and get your sleds, boys, we will 
have a ride. 

Can you count ? 

I can count hundred. 

Let me hear you ! 

Very well, now listen ! 

One, two etc. 

O children, what a beauty ! 

Look at that fine horse. 

The ship has come in at last. 

What time is it ? 

It is nine o’clock ; it is bed-time. 
Will you sell me a hat ? 

I have a very nice boy’s hat. 

See these fine leaves ! 

Red, yellow, blue, orange, green and 
purple. 

Lend me your fan, Mary. 

Can Fred set a trap? 

Yes, he catches many mice. 

Sister Anna has a red ribbon on her 
hat. 

Does the boy play ? 

Yes, he plays with his sister. 

My father has a flourishing business. 
Who knocks at the door, is it a 
stranger ? 

Who is there? 


2lnna’3 SSogcl ift in einern $afig. 
$at[;cfyen fiat cine ftafce in ityrern ©4oofj. 
©§ ift i^re SieblingSfafce. 

2$re £anb ift auf bent 'Jliicfcn ber $afce. 
©ie toirb ba§ fl&fcd&eit ftreidjeln. 

©ie toirb if;r Sftifd; geben. 

2Jtag bic Siafce 9JUI4? 

D fa, ba ift h>efd?e in ber ©4uffef. 

©iefy, foie bie $a£e bie 2Jftf4 fe<ft. 

©iefy, foie fcfynelf ber ©cfynee fafft! 

£)er ©arten ift gang tveifj. 

Sfffe $naben fyaben ©c^fitten. 

©ie fafyren aUCe gern auf ©d)litten. 

D, toefd)e§ SSergniigen! 

3# fyabe einen guten §unb. 

@r ift ein fefyr guter <punb. 

£>unbe mogen gern gut befyanbeft fein. 
©efyt unb fyolt eure ©cfylitten, ifyr ^naben, 
hrir fooffen fafyren. 
ftannft bu ga^fen ? 

34 fann Stiffen bi3 tyunbert. 

Safj pren. 

©efyr toofyl, nun fyore gu ! 

@in§, gmei u. f. m. 

D $inber, toelc^e ©4onfyeit! 

©efyt nur jene§ f4bne $ferb. 

2)a§ ©d)iff ift enbli4 tyereingefommen. 
2Beltf}e geit ift e§ ? 

©§ ift neun Uf;r; e3 ift Scttgeit. 

SBoffen ©ie mir einen §ut berfaufen ? 

34 einen fe^r f4onen ftnabentyut. 
©efyt biefe f4bnen flatter! 

Stotfye, gefbe, bfaue, orangengefbe, griine 
unb purpurne. 

Seifyen ©ie mir 3^en $a4er, 2ftarie. 
$ann $rifc eine $affe fefcen? 

3a, er fangt biefe SJlaufe. 

©4tbefter 2fnna f)at ein rotfyeS S3anb auf 
4rem §ute. 

©piett ber $nabe? 

3a, er ffneft mit feiner ©4toefter. 

3Jfein Slater tyat ein bfiifyenbeS ©ef4dft. 
SBer ffobft an ber Xfyiir, ift e§ ein $rem* 
ber ? 

2Ber ift ba ? 


128 


© 1 f t e Section. 


It is the postman. 

No, it is our uncle Sam. 

I am glad he is coming, I have a 
little surprise for him. 

How do you do, uncle Sam ? 

Very well, my dear friends, how are 
you ? 

Does your sister Louise go to school ? 

She went to school last winter, but 
this year she will not go, as her 
mother needs her. 

Good evening Mr. Brown ! Are you 
taking a walk ? 

I have to go to the depot, as I expect 
my sister Frida. 

How is Miss Frida ? 

She is very well; she is going to stay 
several weeks with us. 

O, I am glad to hear that, for I al¬ 
ways liked Frida so much, she 
is such a good girl. 

Minnie and Mary have been in At¬ 
lantic City for 2 weeks; they had 
a splendid time. The weather 
was neither too cold nor too 
warm, so they could go bathing 
every day, which they enjoyed 
very much. 

Have you ever been there ? 

Yes, but I never liked it much. 


©§ ift ber SBrieftrciger. 

9tein, e§ ift unfer Dnfel Samuel. 

$d) bin frof), ba£ er fommt, id) babe eine 
fleine lleberrafcbung fur ilm. 

SEBie getyt c8, Dnfel (Samuel ? 

Sebr gut, metne liebett $reunbe, lute ge^t 
e§ ©ud; ? 

©ebt beine Sdjmefter Souife gur Sdjule ? 

Sie ging lenten Winter gur Sdjufe, aber 
biefe§ toirb fte niefyt ge^en, ba 
ilme Gutter fie noting bat. 

©uten 2lbenb, £err SBraun! ©eben Sie 
fpagieren ? 

3d; mu§ gum 23al;nbof geben, ba id) meine 
Sdjmefter $riba ermarte. 

5Bie gefjt c§ ^raulein $riba ? 

Sefjr gut; fie mirb einige SBocben bei un3 
bleiben. 

D, id; freue mid;, bie§ gu bbren, benn id; 
batte ftriba immer febr gem, fie ift 
eitt fo gute§ 2Jtabd;en. 

9Jtinna unb 9Jtarie finb gmei 2Bod)en in 
2ltlantic ©id; gemefen ; fie fatten trie! 
23ergnitgen. 2)a§ 2Better mar meber gu 
fait nod; gu marm, fo fonnten fie fid; 
jeben Sag baben, ma§ ibnen biel SSer* 
gniigen mad;te. 


Sinb Sie je ba gemefen ? 
3a, aber mir gefiel e§ nie. 


iwelftft 

I told him to lay it there. 

He is tired and will lie down. 

Set it on the table ! 

Sit down ! 

Rise and raise the table ! 

Who is there ? I (not me) and Ralph. 
I had no desire to be (him) 
he. 

He (not him) and John did it. 

Do you know all the insects of this 
country 5 


Su'iilftc action. 

3$ fagte itym, e§ baljin gu legen. 

©r ift miibe unb mirb fid; legen. 

Se£e e2 auf ben Sifd; ! 

Se^en Sie ft<^>! 

Stefye auf unb bebe ben Sifcb in bie §o^e! 
Sffieriftba? 3$ unb Siubotyb- 
3$ batte feinen SBunfd;, an feiner SteUe 
gu fein. 

©r unb 3obann ttyaten e§. 

Rennert Sie alle 3nfecten biefeS San= 
be§ ? 


3 to S I f t e Section. 


129 


I have known the names of a great 
many but I have forgotten some. 

The mosquitoes are very troublesome 
in some localities, but more esp¬ 
ecially in and near swamps they 
are found in great numbers. 

This is one reason why they are so nu¬ 
merous (plentiful) in New Jersey. 

Maggots and caterpillars are often 
very injurious. 

Last week I went to the woods and 
found several turtles; I took 
them home and kept them in the 
garden since. The terrapins are 
excellent for soups. 

I wrote to a friend in Louisiana to 
send me a small alligator. 

There are two kinds of rattlesnakes ; 
both are dangerous, and if per¬ 
sons are bitten by them, they, in 
most cases, have to die. 

I knew that you were coming. 

The sexton rang the bell at 6 o’clock. 

The peddlar rose (got up) at sunrise, 
paid his bill and went away with 
a heavy bundle on his back. 

The thief hid in the woods after he 
had rifled the house, where he 
was last seen. 

He spoke to me about it. 

The soldiers fought bravely but at last 
they were overpowered and fled. 

He has hit the mark every time. 

They knelt down to pray, 

Theodore has torn the limbs off and 
thrown them in the ravine. 

He heard of it many times. 

He sat down and wrote a letter. 

We would have split the log, if we 
had had a. better ax. 

There is no use to cry over spilt 
milk. 

The teacher taught those boys, but 
they have not learnt much, as they 
spent too much time doing nothing. 


$d) fya&e bte Barnett fefyr bieter gefannt' 
aber einige babon bergeffen. 

$ie 2Jtu3fito3 finb oft febr laftig in 
eittigen ©egenben, aber tyauf>tfacf)ttd) 
finbet man biefelben an unb in ber 9iabe 
bon ©iimpfen in gro&er Slnjabl. 

2)ie§ ift ein ©runb, me§bulb fie fo jatyl* 
reid) in 91 eh) ^erfefy finb. 

Sttaben unb Stolen finb oft fe^r berberb? 
lid). 

2e£te 228od)e ging id) in ben SBalb un& 
fanb einige ©cbilbfrbten ; id) naf)nt fie 
mit nad) <pauie unb l)ielt fie feitbem 
irn ©arten. 2)ie £erraf>in3 finb au3- 
gegeid)net fur ©ufjpen. 

Sd) fd)rieb einem $reunbe in Souifiana, 
mir einen fleinen SlUigator gu fd;icfen. 
©§ gibt gtoei 2lrten bon $ta^erfd)langen; 
beibe finb gefdtyrlid) unbtoemt ^erfonen 
bon ifynen gebiffen merben, miiffen fie 
in ben meiften fatten fterben. 

$d) mufjte, bafj bu farnft. 

2)er $iifter lautete bie ©loefe urn 6 lltyr. 
^Der £>aufirer ftanb bei ©onnenaufgattg 
auf, begablte feine ^edjnung unb ging 
meg mit einem fd)meren IBilnbel auf 
bem D'tucfen. 

S)er 2)ieb berbarg fid) im SBalbe, nad)bcm 
er ba§ £au§ gepliinbert butte, mo er 
$ule£t gefeben iourbe. 

©r tyracb ju mir babon. 

SDie ©olbaten fod)ten tapfer, aber fd)lief*s 
lid) ftmrben fie iiberibdltigt unb floben. 
©r but ba§ Biel jebeSmal getroffen. 

©ie fnieten nieber, urn $u beten. 

Xbeobor but bie 2lefte abgeriffen unb in 
bie ffluft gemorfen. 

©r borte oft babon. 

©r fe£te fid) unb febrieb einen 23rief. 

2Bir miirbett ben ©tamm gefpalten buben 
menn mir eine beffere2ljt gebabt batten. 
©3 ift niebt nbtl;ig iiber berfebiittete SJtild) 
gu meinen. 

Ser Sebrer lebrte jene $naben, aber fie 
baben niebt biel gelernt, ba fie gubiel 
Beit mit 9tid)t§tbun berfcl;menbeten. 


130 


3 to b I f t e Section. 


The Potential Mood. —2) i 

I can go, if I wish to. 

We could go after we finished our 
work. 

He said, it may rain and I thought, it 
might rain, so I staid at home. 

May I go, when I am through with 
my work ? 

I would go if I had the money to 
pay for my ticket. 

Do you think we should go ? 

You must go by all means. 

May you long live and prosper ! 

If you would send it to me, I should 
be much obliged to you. 

If he only would work, he should get 
a position. 

I would have written long ago, had 
I known your address. 

You should study by all means, if 
you want to succeed. 

He could not help himself, he had 
to do it. 


c 2JibgIid)feit§form. 

3$ fann ge^en, toenn iefy toitf. 

2Bir fonnten gefyen, nacfybem fair unfere 
Strbeit beenbeten. 

©r fagte, eSmag regnen unb id) bad)te, e§ 
mod)te regnen, unb fo blieb id) gu £>aufe. 

3)arf id) ge^cn, menn id) mit meiner 2Ir* 
beit fertig bin ? 

£d) miirbe gefyen, ioenn id) ba§ ©elb fiir 
mein 33iHet !)dtte. 

2)enfeti ©ie, loir foHten gefjen? 

©ie miiffen unter affen Umftanben gefjen. 

9Jiogeft bu tange leben unb gebeil)en ! 

SBenn ©ie mir e§ fd^idfen toottten, toiirbe 
id) i^nen fefyr berbunben fein. 

SE>enn er nur arbeiten moltte, tourbe er 
eine ©telle befommen. 

3d; miirbe langft gefd)rieben tyaben, toenn 
id) 3^w 2lbreffe gefannt tydtte. 

2)u follteft unter alien Umftanben ftubi* 
ren, toenn bu ©rfolg fyaben toittft. 

©r fonnte fid) nid)t fjeffen, er mufjte e3 
t§un. 


Siurtmitft Wesson. Kreisdtnte 


Influenza, also called La Grippe, was 
raging in Europe and America 
with the same violence. 

When the physician examined the 
patient he found an abscess be¬ 
low the left lung and he only 
could relieve him from his terri¬ 
ble pain, after performing an 
operation. 

Many persons suffer from asthma. 

Ex-president Grant died with cancer. 

Quinine is the best remedy for 
ague. 

Strychnine is often used to poison 
rats. 

There are many homeopathists in 
this country. 


3nfluenga, aud) bie ©rtybe genannt, 
graffirte in ©uropa unb SImerifa mit 
bcrfelben £eftigfeit. 

2113 ber 2Xrgt ben ^Satienten unterfud)t.e, 
fanb er ein ©efd)n>ur unter ber linfen 
Sunge unb er fonnte ifyn nur bon feinen 
fd)recftid)cn ©d)mergen befreien, nad)s 
bem er benfetben einer Deration unters 
toorfen fyatte. 

SSiele Seute teiben an Slftl^ma. 

©js^rafibent ©rant ftarb am $reb§. 

©tyinin ift ba§ befte SJlittel gegen falteS 
f^ieber. 

StrJjdjnin ibirb oft gebraud)t, um fatten 
gu bergiften. 

©§ gibt biete $omoopattyen in biefem 
Sanbe. 


\ 


©reigefynte Section. 


131 


Sweet is pleasure after pain. 

The senate holds its sessions in the 
north wing of the Capitol. 

Would that our principal men were 
all men of principle ! 

The women were weeping and ring¬ 
ing their hands. 

In the Franco-German war, of 1870 , 
a great many soldiers were kill¬ 
ed on both sides, and many died 
of diseases, which they contrac¬ 
ted, while in the field. 

There are many factories in this 
country, where they manufac¬ 
ture silk and cotton goods. 

In the New England States are fac¬ 
tories of every description, their 
soil not being well adapted for 
agricultural pursuits, but even 
in the Middle and the Western 
states they have commenced 
manufacturing. 

Would you have the kindness to 
purchase a few articles for me 
when you go to Baltimare? I 
have heard, that velvet and satin 
can be bought there much chea¬ 
per than here. 

Certainly I shall do so, only state 
what kind you wish and how 
much you wish to spend. 

I love my parents ana I like those 
children. 

The pupil learns and the teacher 
teaches. 

We had a very (not awfully) good time. 

That agate was pretty (not lovely). 

May (not can) I see you now ? 

These Germans intend to settle (not 
locate) in the West. 

You have been working so much, that 
I think, (not guess) you are tired. 

The children spent the remainder 
(not balance) of the day with 
their books. 


©ii£ ift ba§$Bergniigen nad) bent ©d)merg. 
©er ©enat f)dtt feine ©ifcungcn int rtorb* 
lid)en fytiigef bc§ (SapiiotS. 

5ttod)ten bod) atte unfere erften banner 
banner bon ^ringip fein ! 

©ie ffrauen meinten unb rangen ityre 
<pdnbe. 

beutfdHrangofifc^en £riege, 1870, 
murben bietc ©otbaten auf beiben ©ei* 
ten getbbtet unb t»iefe ftarben an &ranf* 
fyeiten, metefye fie fid) im $elbe gugegogen 
fatten. 

©3 gi&t biete ffabrifen in biefem fianbe, 
mo man ©eibe unb ©arnrnetmaaren 
berfertigt. 

3 n ben 9teueugtanbftaaten finb ffabrifen 
jeber 2 lrt, ba beren SBoben nid)t 
fur Slgricuttur geeignet ift, aber fogar 
in ben mittleren unb mefttiefyen ©taa* 
ten tyat man angefangen, $abrifarbei* 
ten gu betreiben. 

SBiirben ©ie nitwit bie ©iite f)aben, einige 
Strtifel fiir mid) eingufaufen, mean ©ie 
nad) SBaftimore getyen ? 3 $ tyabe 
ge^ort, bafj man ©ammt unb s Htlafj 
biet bittiger bort faufen fann, at3 
fyier. 

©emifi merbe id) bies ttyun, nur geben ©ie 
an, metd)c 2 lrt ©ie miinfd)en unb mie* 
biet ©ie auSgeben molten. 

3 d) liebe meine ©Bern unb fyabe fene 
$inber gern. 

©er ©critter ternt unb ber Secret 
tefmt. 

5Bir fatten fetyr biet SSergniigen. 

3 ener 2 Igat mar fcfybn. 

©arf id) ©ie je£t fefyen? 

©iefe ©eutfd)en beabficfytigen fid) im 
SBeften niebergutaffen. 

©ie fyabeu fo biet gearbeitet, bafj id) benfe, 
©ie merben miibe fein. 

©ie tfinber brad)ten ben iibrigen ©§eit 
be3 XageS bei ityren 33iid)em gu. 


132 


e r g e # it ie Section. 


Mr. Brown has bought a new house, 
(not residence) but he shall not 
live (not reside) in it this year, 
Tbut will rent it. 

I believe you have spent almost (not 
most) all your money. 

Jourtcctitft £c$son. 


§err 33raun (iat ein neue§ ge* 

fauft, aber er loirb biefe§ nicfyt 
barin tootynen, fonbern baSfelbc ber* 
miettyen. 

3 cb gtaubc, ©ie §aben faft all tyv ©efb 
au§gegeben. 

UierMtntf Section. 


The Infinitive. 

I told him to stay. 

I advise you to learn it. 

He expected me to go. 

I asked him to return in two 
hours. 

To deceive is your habit. 

He forgot to eat his apple. 

He is supposed to have gone. 

I can read and write. 

Let us sing a song. 

I am to go. 

The Participle. 

I saw him going off. 

Having received his money he left 
the city. 

He has a pleasing countenance. 

I can not help doing it. 

I had the pleasure of calling on his 
brother. 

It is snowing, do you like it ? 

They are drinking beer and wine. 

Have you been waiting for me ? 

What are you doing there ? 

They were talking about you. 

I have been sitting here the livelong 
day, writing and reading, chatt¬ 
ing and napping. 

Do you know the pastor who held 
service last night ? 

The acquittal of that man was ex¬ 
pected. 

I cannot believe a word he says, he 
is a scoundrel. 


2 ) er Snfinitib. 

3 d) fagte U;m, cr mage bleiben. 

3 d) ratfje bir, e§ gu fernen. 

©r erluartete, baft id) gefjen fthirbe. 

3 $ bat ifm, in gloei ©tunben guriicfgu* 
fefyren. 

©£ ift 3fyre ©elbo^nfjeit, gu betriegen. 

©r bergaft, feinen 2ty>fel gu effen. 

9Jtan gtaubt, baft er fort ift. 

3 d) fann tefen unb fdjreiben. 

Saftt un§ ein Sieb fingen. 

3 $ muft gefjen. 

2 ) a § ^artigipium. 

3 d) fafy ifm megge^en. 

Sftadijbem er fein ©efb erfyaften I)atte, ber* 
lieft er bie ©tabt. 

©r fyat ein freunblicfyeS ©efid)t. 

3 d) fann nidjt unterlaffen, e§ gu ifyun. 
3 $ fyatte ba§ SSergniigen, feinen Gruber 
gu befuefyen. 

©§ fdjneit, gefafft 3§«en ba§? 

©ie trinfen 33ier unb SBein. 
fpaft bu auf mid) getoartet ? 

2 Ba§ mad)t i^r ba? 

©ie tyrad)en bon ©ud). 

3 d) fjabe fyier ben fieben tangen £ag ge* 
feffen, fdjreibenb unb fefenb, pfaubernb 
unb fdjfummernb. 

^ennen ©ie ben ^Saftor, ber geftern Slbenb 
ben ©otteSbienft fuelt ? 

©ie $reifftred)ung jene§ 9ftanne§ lourbe 
ertoartet. 

3 dj fann fein 2Bort gfauben, ba3 er fagt, 
er ift ein ©djuft. 


33iergel)nte Section. 


183 


He, who commences many things, 
finishes few. 

Julius walked after the man, but 
could not overtake him. 

The children were allowed to go to 
the park, after they had finished 
their exercises. 

The steamer Moselle ran aground 
on Lizard Point. 

Did you think, that my sister is over 
30 years ? 

He committed suicide in a fit of 
insanity. 

As far as I know, Mr. N. will go to 
Europe next year. 

Gentlemen, do just as if you were at 
home. 

If you will take my advise, let it 
be. 

Although it was dark I easily found 
you, for I knew you by your 
voice. 

It does not make any difference to him, 
he will travel by land and by sea. 

No my dear friend, I would not let 
you go alone. 

I am not positive, whether he will, 
accept the position or not. 


Serjenige, ber bieterlei Singe anfongt, 
beenbigt menige. 

£>uliu§ ging bem 2 ftanne nadj, aber er 
fonnte iljn nicfyt einfmlen. 

Sen ft'inbcrn ftmrbe erlaubt, in ben ^arf 
gu gefyen, nadjbem fie ifyre 2 lufgaben 
beenbigt fatten. 

Ser Sampfer SJlofel ftranbete am Sigarb 
$oint. 

©taubten ©ie, bafj meine ©djmefter fiber 
30 2>a^e ift? 

©r beging ©elbftmorb in einem 2 lnfalle 
bon IBafynfinn. 

©0 biet id; meijj, mirb £>err 91. nad;fte 8 
^a^r nad; ©uropa geljen. 

9Mne £erren, tfyun ©ie gerabe, al§ 06 
©ie gu §aufe maren. 

2 Benn ©ie meinen 3tatfy annetymen molten, 
fo faffen ©ie e§ fein. 

Dbgleid) e§ bunfcl mar, fanb id; bid; 
leidjt, benn id; erfannte bid^ an beiner 
©timme. 

©§ madjt ityrn nid;t§ au§, er reift gu 
Staffer unb gu £anb. 

9tein mein liebec $reunb, id; mfirbe ©ie 
nidjt atlein gefyen faffen. 

3 d; bin nidjt fidjer, ob er bie ©telle an* 
nefymen mirb ober nicfyt. 




Did you ever hear of William Penn, 
Lizzie ? 

Certainly, I did. He came from Eng¬ 
land with many Quakers about 
two hundred years ago and sett¬ 
led in Pennsylvania, which was 
named after him. This was the 
only American colony which was 
formed without blood-shed. 
Penn was not only very kind in 
his dealings with the Indians, but 
he even paid them for all the 
land which he took possession of. 


£orteft bu jc etma§ bon 2 Buf>eim ^enn, 
Siggie? 

©emifj. ©r fatn bon ©ngtanb mit bielen 
Duafern bor ungefafyr 200 2 $al)ren unb 
lief; fidb in ^ennftylbanien nieber, ba§ 
ttad; i$m benannt murbe. Sie§ mar 
bic eingigc amerifanifdje ©otonie, bic 
ofyne 93lutbergiefjen gegrfinbet murbe. 
$enn mar nidjt nur fefyr gfiiig in feinem 
SSerfefyr mit ben ^nbianern, fonbern er 
begal;lte fie fogar ffir ba§ 2 anb, metd;e§ 
er in 23efifc genommen tyatte. Safyer 
maren ifym bie ^nkianer fdfc gugetfyan 


134 


$ ii n f i e I; n t c Section. 


Hence the Indians became at¬ 
tached to him and furnished him 
corn and other supplies. 

Is not Pennsylvania the state, where 
the Germans first settled ? 

Emma can tell you something about 
that. 

You are right. In 1684 Germans sett¬ 
led at Germantown, which was 
laid out, under a grant from Wm. 
Penn. They were weavers, an in¬ 
dustrious people, who soon turned 
the wilderness into a flourishing 
garden. 

Who of you has ever seen how cotton 
is raised ? 

Let me call John and Fred, they have 
been down South last year and 
may be able to give an account 
of it. 

Cotton is a plant which is cultivated 
in the Southern States. It forms, 
in a kind of a nut-shell, the pod, 
which bursts. The soft, white 
substance, which appears, is cott¬ 
on. It is picked from the cover¬ 
ing and then separated from the 
seeds contained inside. It is 
shipped in bales to the Eastern 
States and to Europe. 

Tell me something about standard 
time, Mary. 

The new system divides the United 
States into four sections. The 
time is the same at all places in 
the same section. We have 
Eastern, Central, Mountain and 
Pacific time. The first section 
embraces all the territory between 
the 75th and 90th meridians west 
of Greenwich. The second sect¬ 
ion includes the territory between 
the 90th and 105th meridians. 
The time here is one hour slower 
than Eastern time. The third 


unb licfcrten i$m 9Jiai3 unb berfa^en 
ifynmit anberen ^robifionen. 

3ft nid;t J3ennfi;Ibanien ber ©taat, too bie 
S)eutfd;en fid; guerft anfiebeften ? 

©mrna farm bir ettoa§ babon erjafyfcn. 

2)u f;aft red;t. 1684 liefjen fid; ©cut* 
fd;e in ©ermantoton nieber, toeld;e§ 
mit ber 23etoidigung SOBU^eltn fpennS 
aulgefegt tourbe. ©3 toareit iffieber, 
ein fteifsigcS 31olf, toeld;e§ balb bie 
2BUbnifj in einen bfuEjcnben ©arten 
umtoanbette. 

2Ber bon eud; i)at fe gefefren, toie daunts 
toode gebaut toirb ? 

ilaffen ©ie mid; 3b^ann unb $ri£ rufen, 
bie finb fe£te3 3^ int ©iiben getoefen 
unb mogen im ©tanbe fein, cine 33e* 
f^reibung babon ju geben. 

SBaumtoofle ift eine Pflanje, toefd;e in 
ben fiiblidjen ©taaten gebaut toirb. 
©ie bilbet cine 9trt 5tuf[fd;ate, bie 
£iUfe, toetd;c ^>la^t. 3) ie toeid;e, toeiBe 
©ubftan^, toeldje erfdjeint, tft SBaum* 
toode. ©ie toirb au§ ber £>ulfe ge* 
gupft unb bon ben barin entl^altcnen 
©aamenfornern befreit. ©ie toirb in 
23aden nad; ben bftlidjen ©taaten unb 
nad; ©uropa berfanbt. 

©age mir ettoaS bon bent -KormalaeitmaB, 
3Jtarie. 

2)a3 neue ©tyftern tfyeitt bie SSereinigtcn 
©taaten in bier ©ectionen. 2)ie 
$eit ift biefelbe an aden $la£en in 
berfelben ©ection. 9Bir fyabe.t bftUcfye, 
centrale, ®ebirg3* unb pacific 3eit. 
25ie erfte ©ection urnfaBt ba§ ganje 
Serritorium, toetcfyeS gtoifd;en bem 
75. unb 90. SJteribiane toeftlid; bon 
©reentoid; liegt. 2)ie jtoeite ©ection 
fd;tief;t ba§ Serritorium jtoifcfyen 
bem 90. u. 105. SJteribian ein. £)ie 3eit 
ift tyier eine ©tunbe fpater, af3 bftlid;e 
3^t. ®ie britte ©ection umfafjt ba$ 


8 ii n f j e t; u t e Section. 


135 


section embraces all the land bet¬ 
ween the 105th and the 120th 
meridians. Time here is one 
hour slower than Central time. 
The fourth section extends from 
the 120th to the Pacific Ocean. 
Here the standard is Pacific time 
and one hour slower than Mount¬ 
ain time. When it is noon at 
New York, it is 11 a. m. at Chi¬ 
cago ; at Denver lo a. m.; at 
Portland 9 a. m. This system may 
be adopted by other nations. 

An Excursion. 

Have you made any arrangements 
for our trip to the sea-shore ? 

Yes sir, Theodore Graff will furnish 
a large soldier-tent, Andrew E. 
and Chas. Loeffler will provide for 
meats and sausages, F. Rott will 
bring poultry, Cl. & Leo Vogt will 
furnish bread, Th. Abel canned 
goods, Carl Mueller coffee and 
tea, Minnie Ockershausen cheese 
and crackers, J. McQuade min¬ 
eral waters, Jane Schulze cakes, 
J. W. and Elsie Brodt some wide- 
rimmed straw-hats, Edw. Moore 
vegetables, E. Volland candies, 
J. Hampson coal oil and candles, 
Lucy Jones lemons and oranges, 
W. Miller and Th. Plitt beef, 
Karla Wolters a box of Heurich’s 
and Anna Carry a box of Carry’s 
beer for the old folks, Anna Zeller 
and Augusta Rittershofer will fur¬ 
nish fruit, K. Seidlich, M. Nebb 
and S. Sander sugar, P. and 
Henry Drewitz will supply us with 
some books and Clara and Her¬ 
man Schade with newspapers. 

How is it about a cook ? 

Lulu and Clara Huegle, Minnie Ap- 
pich, Lizzie Plitt, Mary Carry, 


ganjc Sanb shnfcfyen bem 105. unb 120. 
SDteribiane. 2)ie 3 e ^ ift fyier eiue 
©tuitbe faater atS Central 3eit* 2)ie 
bierte ©ection reicfyt bom 120. ^Heribian 
bi§ sum ©tilfen Ocean. §ier ift ^aci* 
fic 3 e it unb biefe ift eine ©tunbe fpater/ 
atS ©ebirggseit- 3Betm eS 9Jtittag in 
9iem 9)orf ift, ift eS 11 UI;v SSormit* 
tag§ in Chicago; inOenber ift eS 10, 
unb in ^orttanb 9 Ufyr. 2)iefeS ©fy* 
ftem mag bon anberen -ftationen abop* 
tirt merben. 

©in 2t u S f t u g. 

$abt ifyr irgenb metdje SBorfefyrungen fiir 
unfercn StuSftug an bie ©eefiifte ge« 
troffen V 

%a mein £err, X^eobor ©raff mirb ein 
grofceS ©otbatenjett fiefern, 2tnbreaS 
@. unb $art Soffter toerben fiir ^leifd) 
unb 2Burft forgen, $. 3tott toirb ©e* 
fliigel bringen, Ct. unb £eo SSogt mer* 
ben 33rob liefern, Slbel eingemacfyte 
©adjen, Cart Mtter $affee nnb £t;ee, 
9Jtinna DderS^aufen $afe unb 3 il? i es 
bad, 3JtcQuabe 'Dtineratmaffer, 
^50^. ©djutse $ucfyen, SB. unb ©tfe 
33robt breitranbige ©tro^iite. Cbm. 
9Jtoore ©emiife, ©b. SBoltanb Confect, 
% jpampfon ^pfytenol unb Sifter, 
2B. fitter unb Xt;. ^Stitt getrodneteS 
9tinbfteifdj, $arta 2BotterS eine Sifte 
£>eurid)’S unb 2tnna Carrfy eine $ifte 
Carry’s ifiier fiir bie atteren Sente, 
2lnna 3eaer unb 2tugufte 3titterSf>ofer 
merben $ru$te fiefern, St. ©eibtid), 
2Jt. -Kebb unb ©. ©anber 3uder, $. 
unb §einriofy £)remifc merben unS mit 
SBiicfyern berfefyen, unb Ctara unb £>er* 
mann ©cfyabe mit 3^itungen. 

3Bie ftefyt e§ aber mit einem Stpcf) ? 

Sutu unb Ctara §ugte, 2ftinna '2tpi>id), 
Sissie $litt, 9ttarie ©arrfy, Stnna Soffs 


136 


©cd)gefynte Section. 


Anna Loeffler, Ida Adt and o- 
thers are splendid cooks and will 
attend to the cooking. 

Does any of you know how to pitch 
a tent? 

Surely. J. Hofmann, J. Schumann 
and J. Reh know all about it and 
we will assist them. 

How shall we spend our time? 

Dora and A. Bergmann will show us 
how to catch fish, and Ed. Adt 
and Charles Carry will teach us 
how to catch crabs. Harold Baker 
will bring a parlor rifle. We 
have made preparations for a two 
weeks stay. I guess we will have 
a grand time. No doubt, if we 
keep only good weather. 


fer, 3ba 2lbt unb anbere finb au§ge- 
geiefynete $o$tnnen unb ioerben ba§ 
beforgen. 

SSerfte^t einer bon Cud) ein uufgu* 
fd)lagen? 

Cemijj, 3- £>ofmann, (Schumann unb 
9tel; berfte^en ba§ burd) unb burd; 
unb toil* merben ifynen babei fyetfen. 

2 Bie toerben hrir unfere 3^it gubringen? 

©ora unb 21. Bergmann toerben un3 $eis 
gen, mie man $ifd)e fangt unb Cb. 2lbt 
unb $arl Carrty tverben un§ lef)rcn, 
$rebfe gu fangen. Jparolb Safer toirb 
fetne Barlorbiid)fe mitbringen. 2Bir 
tyaben Borbereitungen fur einen gmeie 
mbd)entlid)en 2Iufentfyalt getroffen. $d; 
benfe, loir toerben biel Scrgniigcn ^a* 
ben. $ein 3ibeifel, menu fair nur gutc§ 
SOBetter bcfyalten. 


^cssott. .grrltsdintc Section. 


A new airship has been invented by Cm tteue§ Suftfcbiff tourbe bon einem 


a Mr. Pennington of Mt. Carmel, 
Ill. A thirty foot model was 
constructed by him, which has 
the shape of a cigar made of shin¬ 
ing oil-cloth with wings all along 
the sides. At the forward end is 
a paddle-wheel fastened in the 
center to a round piece of brass. 
At the stern is a rudder. Elect¬ 
ricity is used as motive power. At 
the exposition building in Chicago 
the inventor gave it a first test, 
which proved to be successful. 
The ship moved about 20-30 feet 
above the floor of the building, 
the fans revolving and guided 
by the inventor. Applying this 
power in proper proportions to 
larger vessels, there will be no 


£>errn Bennington in 9Jtt. Carmel, 3tt. 
erfunben. Cin 30 tange§ -JJlobet 
tourbe bon il)m conftruirt, toeld)e§ bie 
$orm eincr Cigarre au§ glcingenbem 
Deltud) fjat unb mit $liigeln an beiben 
©eiten berfe^en ift. 21m borberen Cnbe 
iff ein Stuberrab, ioe!d;e§ in ber 9Jtttte 
an einem runben ©tiid 30Zeffing be* 
feftigt ift. 21m ipintertfyeil befinbet fid) 
ein Dtuber. Ctectricitat bitbet bie 
©riebfraft. %n ber 2lu§fteIIung^aHe 
gu Chicago mad)te ber Crfinber bie 
erfte B ro &e, bie erfolgreid) au§fiet. 
©a§ ©d)iff betoegte fid) in einer £>btye 
bon 20 bi§ 30 ^ufj fiber bem Boben, 
inbem bie $ad;er il)re ©d)toingitngen 
mad)ten unb bon bem Crfinber contro* 
lirt tourben. 2Benn biefe ®raft in ge* 
eigneten B^b^ortionen an grofjeren 


©edjsefynte Section. 


137 


doubt, that the problem of air- ^afyrjcugen angemanbt merben mirb, 
navigation will at last be solved. untertiegt eg mofyt feinern gmeifel, bafj 

bag problem ber £uftfcfyifffaf;rt enblid) 
Qctoft fcin mirb. 

Cyclones seem to be more frequent 3Birbelfturme fcfyeinen je£t tyaufiger bor* 


now than ever before. They 
mostly take a north-easterly di¬ 
rection destroying everything in 
their path. Many towns and vil¬ 
lages and farmhouses have been 
laid in ruins. The largest trees 
are broken and torn out like 
matches. Locomotives and whole 
trains have been picked up and 
carried some distance. They are 
funnelshaped and travel with 
great velocity. In some localities 
they are more frequent than in 
others. 

In some summers sunstrokes are very 
numerous. They do not always 
arise from undue exposure to the 
sun’s rays; they are often caused 
by excessive heat. Prostration 
from heat may be caused by in¬ 
temperance, loss of sleep, poor 
ventilation or fatigue. The 
breath becomes very heavy and 
hot and the pulse low; as the 
blood rushes to the head and the 
internal organs, the extremities 
are chilly. The danger of sun¬ 
stroke may be avoided by observ¬ 
ing proper precautions. 


aufommen, alg je jubor. ©ic nefymen 
meifteng cine norboftlicfye Sflicfytung unb 
gcrftoren atfeg auf il)rem $fabe. Side 
Stable, ©orfer unb garmfy&ufer mur* 
ben bon i^nen in Stuinen bcrmanbdt. 
SDie grofjten Saurne merben abgcbro* 
d)en unb fyerauggeriffen hue ©treic$» 
tyoljdjen. Socomotiben unb ganje giige 
murben in bie £>bfye gefyoben unb einige 
©ntfernung meit fyinmeggetragen. ©ie 
finb tricfyterformig unb bemegen fid^ mit 
grower ©efcfyminbigfeit. %n manefyen 
©egenben fommen fie tyaufiger bor alg 
in anbern. 

^n mandjen ©omrnern finb ©onnenftidje 
fefyr gafytreidf). ©ie entfte^en nh$t im* 
nter baburdj, bajj man fid^ unnu|er« 
meife ben ©onnenfirafylen augfetjt, fon* 
bern oft burdj ubermcifjige §i£e. (5r* 
fetyopfung burefy §i$e mag bon ltn* 
mafjigfeit, ©djtafbertuft, fdjtedjter Sen* 
tilation ober Uebermiibung tyerriifyren. 
2)er Slt^em mirb bann febr fdjmer unb 
tyeifj unb ber $ulg ftein ; ba bag Slut 
nad) bem $opfe unb ben innern Drga* 
nen ftromt, finb bie ©jtremitaten etmag 
fatt. ®ie ©efa^r beg ©onnenftic^eg 
mag burdj geeignete Sorfid^tSmaftregeln 
bertyiitet merben. 


Wesson. .ficfosdtttte gJMtioit. 

Have you ever been in California? ©inb ©ie fe in Caltfornien gemefen? 

I was there last year and spent sever- mar lefcteg ba unb blieb einige 
al months. donate. 

They are always talking about the 9Jian tyriefytimmer bon bem munberbotfen 
wonderful climate of California ; $dima ©attfornieng, ift eg mirflidj 
is it really so? fo? 


138 


© i e b i e I; n t e Section. 


Yes, indeed. California has but two 
• seasons, the dry and the rainy. 
While we often have to suffer 
here from the intense heat, 
they have there during the hot 
months a steady cool breeze from 
the ocean-; some of the valleys are 
shut from the wind, but even there 
the nights are so cool that bed- 
blankets are needed.—You only 
should see the wheat fields there! 
they are large, extensive tracts 
of land. When harvesting you 
can see sometimes 40 machines 
in one field. They are using, be¬ 
sides selfbinders, a harvesting- 
machine which cuts and thrashes 
the wheat at the same time. 
The thrashed wheat is mostly left 
in the field until shipped. The 
same is done with raisin grapes; 
they will cut them and put them 
on the ground. After some time, 
when they are dry, they are 
boxed in the fields. As it does 
not rain during that time, there 
is no danger of spoiling.—I have 
seen there the finest orange- 
farms, which need but little cul¬ 
tivation. Before the oranges get 
ripe, they are sold to dealers on 
the trees, who will gather and 
ship them. Some trees bring 
from 15 to 35 dollars. The culti¬ 
vation of grapes is extensive ; all 
kinds are cultivated with success. 
The same is done with fruits, 
especially pears and plums etc.; 
apples do not so well. Formerly 
the crops depended upon the 
amount of rain; if there was 
plenty, they had fine crops, if not, 
they would be a failure. Now 
they are using irrigation and have 
always good crops. 


ber fa. Catifornien §at 

nur gioei ^afyre^eitetbbie trcufne unb 
bic regnerifcfye. SBafjrenb fair tyier 
oft bon ber intenfiben §i£e gu 
teiben tyaben, ^at man bort ioci^ 
renb ber ^eifjen donate eine be* 
ftanbige fiifrte £uft bom Dgean. 
Cinige ber £l)ater finb bon bent 2Binb 
abgefd)toffen, abcr fogar ba ftnb bie 
9tadjte fo bafj man 23ettbecfen 
bebarf. ©ic fotttcn nur bie 'JBeigen* 
felber bort fefjen ! ©§ ftnb grofje auSge* 
bebnte ©trecfen SanbeS. 28a^renb ber 
Crnte fiefyt man oft 40 ©rntemafd)inen 
in etnem $clbe. 9J?an gebraucfyt aufjer 
ben ©elbftbtnbern eine Crntemafd^ine 
bie ben SSeigen fdjneibet unb gugteidj 
brifcfyt. 2)er gebvofcbene 2Beigen bfeibt 
meiftenS auf bent $etbe, bi3 er berfanbt 
mirb. 3)a§fclbe mirb mit ben S'tofinen* 
trauben getfjan; man fdjneibet fie unb 
legt fie auf ben 23oben. 9?adj ciniger 
$eit, menu fie trocfen finb, toerben [i* 
im fyetbe in $iften ber^acft. 2)a e§ 
nic^t regnet urn biefe 3eit, ift feine ©e* 
fatyr borfyanben, bafj fie berberben. %% 
tyabe bie fdjonftcn Drangenfarmtn bort 
gefefyen, toelcfye nur menig 93ebauung 
bebiirfen. ©fye bie Drangen reif merben, 
merben fie auf ben 33aumen an <panbler 
berfauft, melcfye fie fetbft pflitcfen unb 
berfdjicfen. 9)tand^e 33aume bringen 
bon 15 bi§ 35 2)olfar§. 2)ie trauben* 
gudjt ift uttgefyeuer grofi; affe ©orten 
merben mit (Srfotg gegogen. SaSfefbe 
ift ber $aft mit Dbft, namentlid? mit 
S3irncn unb ^flaumen u. f. rb. 2fef>fet 
gcbeifyen nicfyt fo gut. ©fyebem fyingen 
bie ©rnten bom 9tegen ab; gab e§ biel, 
fo fyatte man gute Crnten, gab e§ UU 
nen, gab e§ 9Jtifjernten. £$e£t ioenbet 
man fitnftUdbe SScibafferung an unb er* 
gielt immer gute ©rnten. 


2ld)tgefyntc Section. 


139 


Have you been in the Southern 
States ? 

I have been in most of them. The 
sunny South was in a deplorable 
condition after the war, but it is 
astonishing, how the industries 
are now increasing. In Virginia 
especially the population of some 
towns, which was a year ago but 
small, has increased wonderfully. 
There is no doubt the South will 
be the land of the future, as 
everything is done now to further 
immigration. 


©inb ©ie fd;on in ben fiiblidjen ©taaten 
gemefen? 

3d; mar in ben meiften. $er fonnige 
©i:beit mar in cinern traurigen 3«ftanb 
nad; bent $riege, abev e§ iff munberbar, 
hue bie ^nbuftrieen fid; je^t bermefjren. 
9tamentfi#in SBirginien, mo bie Rebels 
ferung manner ©table bor einem 3afyr 
nod; ftein mar, fyat fid^ biefe munberbar 
bergrofeert. @£ unterliegt feinent 3meis 
fel, bafj ber ©iiben ba§ Sanb ber 3« s 
funft mirb, ba man jefct ade§ ttyut, um 
bie ©inmanberung ju forbern. 


(SigUtccntit Wesson. 

Out of sight, out of mind. 

On this they all agree. 

Practice makes perfect. 

To kill two birds with one stone. 

She finds fault with everything. 

Still waters run deep. 

Every one has his hobby. 

It is a matter of course. 

He takes to his heels. 

Milk does not agree with me. 

Can you account for this ? 

Be that as it may. 

I go security for him. 

We make allowance for that. 

He is born with a silver spoon in his 
mouth. 

He fell from the frying-pan into the 
fire. 

A rolling stone never gathers any 
moss. 

To look down upon one. 

First come, first served. 

To be on even terms with one. 
Nobody cares for it. 

It is an endless task. 

He dabbles in everything. 

He is dead drunk. 


Dwrtrtseftttt* sgertion. 

s ilu3 bert Slugen, au§ bent ©inn. 

£)ic§ raumcn Side ein. 

Ucbung maefyt ben SJteifter. 

3mei fytiegen mit eincr $Iab£e fdjlagcn. 
©ie fyat an 2ldcm etma§ auSgufe^en. 
©tide SOBaffer finb tief. 

3eber f>at fein ©teefenpferb. 

2)a3 berftefyt fid; bon felbft. 

@r lauft, ma§ er faufen fann. 

2ftird; befommt mir nidjt gut. 

£bnnen ©ie ba§ erfldren ? 

2)em fei, mie ifyrn mode. 

$d; ftede 23iirgfd;aft fiir ityn. 

2Bir netymen 3tiicffid;t barauf. 

©r fi§t bem ©Uicf im ©djoofj. 

©r farn bom ^egen in bie SEraufe. 

©in rodenber ©tein fefct fein 9Jtoo3 an. 

Ueber bie 2ld;fel anfefyen. 

2Ber guerft fommt, mafylt guerft. 

2luf gfeidjem $ufje fte^en. 

$ein §afyn frdtyt banaefy. 

9Jian fommt bamit nid;t ju ©nbe. 

©r mifebt fid^ in 2tde§. 

©r ift bod mie cine Danone. 


140 


21 d; t § e n t e Section. 


All’s well that ends well. 

To take it for granted. 

There is no hurry about it. 

There is no doubt about it. 

To do something on purpose. 

I am right, you are wrong. 

He is very serious about it. 

To let one have his own way. 

It’s of no use. 

They have done their utmost. 

We can make nothing of it. 

Ten to one. 

He is a dead beat. 

He has the dead wood on him. 
Everything is lovely and the goose 
hangs high (vulgar). 

He is O. K.; all O. K. 

It is all humbug. 

He is a fraud. 

Have you any news? 

Tit for tat. 

It is not all honey. 

Helter-skelter. 

Put an end to it! 

He took a nap. 

He shot at random. 

They gave him some taffy. 

What made you do this ? 


©nbe gut, 2ttte3 gut. 

@tma3 a(3 crmicfen anrte^men. 

(53 tyat feine (5ile. 

(53 ift gar fein gmeifet. 

©tma3 abfidjtlid) tfmn. 

3<f; fyabe -Wecfyt, 2)u frnft ltnrecfjt. 

(53 ift ifym (5rnft bamit. 

^cmanben fcinen SGitfen laffen. 

(53 nii|t nid)t3. 

©ie Ijaben £immet unb (5rbe in 23emegung 
gefefct. 

2Sir fonnen nidjt ftug barau3 merben. 
3ef)n gegen ein3. 

(5r ift ein £augenid)t3. 

(5r tyat ben 23ort^eil iiber ifyn. 

2tKe3 ift im beften 9Bof)tgefalfen. 

(5r ift mo^t aufgetyoben, (berantmorttic^) 
@3 ift ein ©djminbet (nid^t bo3artig). 

©r ift ein ©djminbler. 

£aben ©ie ctma3 2teue3 ? 

SBurft miber SBurft. 

©3 ift niefyt 2ldc3, mie e3 au3fie$t. 

Ueber §at3 unb £opf. 

9Jtad)e ber ©acfye ein ©nbe! 

©r tyielt ein 2JMttag§fd)tafd)en. 

©r fcfyofj auf’3 ©eratfyemoljl. 

Sltan f$meid;elte i^m. 

SBarum tyaft 2)u ba3 getf)au ? 


Pnetfentlt ^Inutgflintc tertian. 


A Visit toWashington. 

Good morning, my friend, where do 
you come from ? 

1 have just arrived from Washington, 
where I spent almost two weeks. 
Having never been there before, 
I accepted the invitation of my 
cousin B. who has lived there 
over twenty years, and I must 
confess that I do not regret my 
visit. 


©in 33 e f u d) in 2Baf^ington. 

©uten Sttorgen, mein $reunb, mofyer font* 
men ©ie ? 

$d) fornrne foeben bon SBaffyington guriicf, 
loo id) faft §mei S03od)en gubraebie. $$ 
mar niemal3 border bort gemefen, bas 
rum natytn id) bie ©intabung meine3 
SSetter3 23., ber fefyon iiber gmanjig 
^at>re bort motynt, an, unb id) mujs ge« 
Men, id) bereue e3 nid)t. 


9lett n 3 e J) n t e Section. 


141 


I went on the Congressional train of 
the Pennsylvania Road, which 
makes only two short stops be¬ 
tween New York and Washing¬ 
ton. These trains consist of 
palace cars only, which are most 
luxuriously furnished. It took me 
just five hours to get there from 
New York. On my arrival at the 
depot, I was cordially greeted by 
my cousin and conducted in a 
fine carriage to his beautiful resi¬ 
dence. After a splendid dinner my 
cousin showed me his comforta¬ 
ble home which, indeed, has all 
modern improvements. In the 
evening we went to the National 
Theatre where I enjoyed myself 
greatly, and was pleased to see 
such a fashionable audience. The 
play and the music was good. 

The next day we arranged a plan how 
to visit all places of interest. 
First I was conducted to the 
Capitol which is surrounded by a 
beautiful park. Erected of white 
marble, this magnificent building 
with its lofty dome, its porticos 
and huge columns, is one of the 
most imposing edifices in the 
world. The statue of Geo. Wash¬ 
ington, in the front of the Capitol, 
is very fine. Entering the build¬ 
ing I hardly could leave the great 
Bronze door on which are given 
in alto relievo the principal events 
of the Discovery of America. It 
was modeled in Italy and cast in 
bronze in Munich, at a cost of 
#28,000. The Rotunda is in the 
center of the building, under the 
dome. All around the walls are 
historical paintings of the highest 
character. Beautiful paintings of 
every description, mostly referr- 


futyr rnit bem „©ongrefftonal" $ug 
ber ^ennftylbania ©ifenbabn, ioeld)er 
nur an gtoei Stationen gloifd)en -Jteto 
3)orf unb ^Gafbington furg anl;aft. 
Siefeguge beftetyen nur au§ ^alaftroa* 
gen, loeld)e tyodjft Iujurib§ au§geftattet 
finb. Gs§ bauerte gerabe flinf Stunben, 
fo toar id) ba. 33ei meiner 2lnfunft 
lourbe id) bon rneinem Setter tyerglid) 
begrufjt unb in einer eleganten ftutfcfye 
nacl) feiner fd)bnen SBofynung gebrad)t. 

einem auSgegeicfyneten 2Jtittag§s 
mal;l geigte mir Setter S. ba§ ^nnere 
feiner bequem eingerid)teten ftaufeS, 
ba§ mit alien mobernen ©inridjtungcn 
oerfetyen ift. 2lbenb3 gingen loir in’§ 
9tationaltbeater, too id) mid) fetyr gut 
amiifirte unb aufjerft angene^m berii^rt 
toav Oon bem auagefucbtenStubitorium. 
$>ie Sorftellung unb bie 3Jtuftf loaren 
gut. 

2lm anberen Sage enttoarfen loir einen 
Sian, loie loir aHe intereffanten Slafce 
befud)en fbnnten. 3nerft lourbe id; nad) 
bem Capitol gefiityrt, loelcbeS Oon einem 
berrlid)en Sarfe utngeben ift. ©rrid;tet 
au§ loeifjem SJlarmor, ift biefeS Siefen* 
gebdube mit feinem tyofyen Some, feinen 
Sorbauten unb riefigen Sdulen eineS 
ber grofjartigften ©ebaube ber SBelt. 
Sie Statue ©eorg 2Bafbington’§, toel* 
d)e Oor bem Capitol ftetyt, ift fefyr fd)bn. 
Seim ©intritt in§ Capitol fonnte id) 
mid) faum oon ber Sronget^ur trennen, 
auf toclcfyer in Slttrelief bie tyauptiad)* 
licbften ©reigniffe ber ©nibedung 2tme* 
rifa§ bargeftellt finb. Siefclbe lourbe 
in Stalien mobelirt unb in 9Kund)en 
mit einem $oftenaufloanbe oon 28,000 
2)oKar3 in Sronge gegoffen. Sie 3io* 
tunba ift in ber iftitte be§ Sait3 unter. 
bem Sorn. 3In ben SBdnben umber be*, 
finben fid) ^iftorifd^e ©emdlbe Oom 
j)bd)ftcm 2Bcrtbe. S^acbtoolle ©emdlbe 
jeber 2lrt, toelcbe mciften£ auf gefcbid)t* 


142 


2teutt.ge$nte Section. 


ing to events from the early 
colonization to the present time, 
are distributed all over the build¬ 
ing ; numerous statues in marble, 
bronze etc. are so placed as to 
produce a fine effect. The Senate 
room and that of the House of 
Representatives, the President’s 
room, the rooms of the Supreme 
Court of the United States, the 
marble staircases, the huge halls 
almost bewilder the visitor. It 
is a building of which the 
Nation may justly be proud. Hav¬ 
ing spent almost four hours there 
moving from one point of in¬ 
terest to another we left the 
mighty pile, not having time to 
ascend the great white Dome 
which surmounts it, from whence 
I am told one can see for many 
miles, rivers, hills and valleys. 

The next day we called on the Presi¬ 
dent who gave us a very cordial 
reception. His residence, the 
White House”, is a fine two- 
story building. It stands in a 
beautiful park containing over 80 
acres. The large high parlors 
are tastefully and richly fur¬ 
nished. Mr. Loeffler, the door¬ 
keeper of the President, who has 
filled that place for over 25 years, 
was so kind to conduct and 
show us around. From there we 
went to the Treasury and had the 
opportunity of taking a look at 
the millions of gold, silver, bank¬ 
notes of every description and 
silver bullions which are stored 
there. Undoubtedly this build¬ 
ing is one of the finest in the 
city; it is built after the style of 
the Pallas Athene at Athens. 


lidje SOegebenljeiten au§ ber friityeften 
©olonifation§geit bi§ Ijerauf gur©egen* 
mart Segitg fyaben, firtb aufjerbem im 
gangen ©ebaube angebradjt. galjlreicfye 
©tatuen au§ SJlarmor unb 33ronge etc. 
ftnb fo aufgeftelft, baft fie eine guten 
©ffect erjielert. 2)a§ ©enatSgimmer unb 
ba§ ber Steprdfentanten, ba§ be§ ^ra* 
fibenten unb ba§ be§ QbergeridjtS ber 
$er. ©taaten, bie marmornen Srebfjen 
u. bie riefigen fallen bermirren formlidj 
ben 33efu$er. ^a, bag tft etn ©ebdube, 
auf meldjeg bie Nation mit Sftecbt ftolg 
fein barf. 9tadjbem mir faft bier ©tun* 
ben barin gugebradjt fatten, inbem mir 
ung bon einern intereffanten ^Bunft 
gum anbern begaben, berlieften mir ben 
todofalen 23au, ofyne $eit gefjabt gu fya* 
ben, bie grofje, meifje $ubf>el gu befteD 
gen, meldje benfelben iiberragt unb bon 
ber aug man, mie gefagt mirb, einen 
rneilenmeiten gernblid iiber fyliiffe, 
gel unb Staler fiat. 

2fm nacfyften Sag ftatteten mir bent iprd* 
fibenten einen 33efud) ab unb murben 
bon il?m fjerglicfy embfangen. ©eine 
SBoIjnung, „bag SBeifte .'paug", ift ein 
fdjbneg gmeiftodigeg ©ebaube. ©g fte^t 
in einem fmddjtigen $arf bon iiber 80 
21der. S)ie groftcn, l^o^en gimmer finb 
gefdjmadbolf unb foftbar auggeftattet. 
£>err Soffler, ber Sfyiirfniter beg iflrafi* 
benten, meldjer biefeg yimt fdmn iiber 
25 £>al)re bermaliet, mar fo freunblicl), 
ung tjcrumgufiiljren. S3on ba begaben 
mir ung nad) bent ©dja^amtggebdube, 
mo mir ©elegenfyeit fatten, einen Slid 
auf bie bort aufgetyeidjerten Mlionen 
bon ©olb, ©iiber unb $8antnoten jeber 
21rt, fomie ©ilberbarren gu merfen.— 
Ungmeifelfyaft ift biefeg ©ebdube eineg 
ber fcfjonften ber ©tabt; eg murbe nadj 
bem ©til ber ^atlag 21t^erte gu 21tljen 
aufgefiifyrt. Sag ©ebciube ift rein 
flaffifd; unb idj mar bafyer nidjt menig 


9fceun&e$ntc Section. 


143 


This building is truly classic. I 
was now surprised to see a mo¬ 
dern structure, the War Depart¬ 
ment ; it has a pleasing appear¬ 
ance, but is not so imposing as 
the Treasury, although it is a 
much larger building. The State, 
War und Navy Departments have 
their offices in this building. 
Here are also stored away the 
rebel flags which were captured 
during the war of the Rebellion. 
At the Agriculture Department 
we called next. This fine build¬ 
ing with its experimental grounds, 
gardens and plant-houses can be 
seen from many points of the 
city. This institution is of the 
greatest importance to our far¬ 
mers, as careful experiments, in¬ 
vestigations etc. are made here 
by scientists. Any one, upon ap¬ 
plication, may get some seeds 
there, free of charge. 

The grand Washington Monument 
which stands near by was too 
inviting, so we had to visit it at 
once. It consists of a column 
built of white marble and is 555 
feet high. A stairway and an 
elevator lead to the top, from 
where we had a beautiful view of 
the city. Every State of the 
Union furnished some rocks for 
thfs monument. 

For the National Museum and the 
Smithsonian Institution I devo¬ 
ted almost two days. Both 
buildings are handsome struc¬ 
tures in the Smithonian Park. 
They contain fine and rare col¬ 
lections of every description. 
Prof. R. Ridgway, a curator of 
the institution, had the kindness 
to show us the specimens of 


fiberrafdjtfurj barauf, eittem mobernen 
93au, bem ^rieggbepartement, gegen* 
fiber jufte^en; eg fyat ein gefdlligeg 
Sleufcere, ift aber, obgleicfy ein bietgrbfjs 
ereg ©ebaube, niefyt fo imponirenb trie 
bag ©cfyaijamt. Sie Separtementg beg 
©taatg*, $tiegg* unb MarinesjJtinifte= 
riumg fyaben in biefent ©ebaube iljre 33fi* 
reaug. £>ier merben aud) bie 9tebeHen= 
fafynen, meld)e toafyrenb beg Slriegeg er* 
obert iourben, aufbetoafyrt. 'Mdjftbem 
befuebten fair bag lanbmirtfyfdbaftlicfye 
Sebartemcnt. Sag fdjoue ©ebaube 
rnit feiner Umgebung ffir ©jberimente, 
feinen ©arien unb ©emddjgfydufern, 
fann bon bielen ipunften ber ©tabt ge* 
fetycn merben. Siefeg ^nftitut tft ffir 
unfere farmer bon ber grojjten 2Sid)tigs 
feit, ba I)ier forgfaltige ©j-perimente, 
Unterfucfyungen u. f. to. tm ^ntereffe 
ber Sanbmirtbfcfyaft bon ©adibcrftcinbis 
gen gemad)t metben. ^ebermann fann 
bon fyier, 9lad)fudjen ©dmereien 
gratig begie^en. 

Sag grofjartige SBaf^ington Monument, 
b?etd>eg in ber 9ld§e ftefyt, toar fo ein* 
labenb, bafj fair nictyt umfyht fonnten, eg 

. fogfeid) gu befuc^en. ©g beftefyt aug 
einer ©aule, ioelcbe aug toeifjem Sftar* 
mor in einer §obc bon 555 $ufj aufge* 
ffifyrt tourbe. ©ine Zvfypt unb ein 
©lebator ffifyren fyinauf big gur ©f>i£e, 
bon ibo man eine ^errficfye 2Iugfid)t auf 
bie ©tabt f)at. ^eber ©taat ber Union 
tieferte ©teine ffir biefeg Senfmaf. 

Sem 9lationaImufeum unb bem ©mit^o* 
nian ^nftitut toibmete id) faft gtoei 
Sage. 23eibe ©ebaube finb fetyr fd)on 
unb fteljen im ©mitfyonian $arf. Sie* 
felben entfyalten I)errlid;e, feltene 
©ammtungen jeber 2lrt. £err $rof. 
91.9tibgibaty, ein ©urator beg ^nftitutg, 
fyatte bie ©fite ung bie auggeftopften 
SSogel ju geigen, cine ©ammfung ibie id) 
fie fo bofiftdnbig felbft in ©uropa nid)t 


144 


9leungefynte Section. 


birds, a collection such as I did 
not see in Europe. They also 
have a “Zoo” there which will be 
soon removed, however, to the 
new National Park of Washing¬ 
ton. 

At the foot of the Capitol is the Bo¬ 
tanical Garden consisting of io 
acres. There is the Bartholdi 
fountain which throws up a 
stream of water almost 70 feet 
high. The conservatories are 
filled with all kinds of plants. All 
the zones of the continent are re¬ 
presented by their various plants 
and trees. 

Another place of interest is the Gene¬ 
ral Post Office (dead letter office). 
Thousands of letters and packa¬ 
ges are sent there annually to be 
opened in order to return them 
either to the sender or to find the 
right address. Both can not be 
done in most cases on account of 
the incomplete address etc. 
These letters and packages are 
sold at public auction several 
times during the year. 

Our next visit was to the Interior De¬ 
partment (Patent Office). This 
is a magnificent building contain¬ 
ing about 200 rooms. The most 
interesting collection of models 
of foreign and American inven¬ 
tions can be seen here. 

jHave you been in the Corcoran Art 
Gallery ? 

Certainly, sir. It is a fine building on 
Pennsylvania Avenue. To de¬ 
scribe to you what I have seen 
there is impossible. I only can 
tell you that it contains a large 
collection of paintings of the best 
masters, which must be seen, if 
you want to get an idea of them. 


fa$. 2tucfy eine Menagerie ift ba, ioeldje 
aber balb nad) bent neuen Stationed* 
f>arl $3af^ington§ iibergefiifyrt ioerben 
ioirb. 


2fm $ujje be§ Capitol liegt ber botanifdje 
©arten, ineld)er 10 2l<fer einnimmt. 
$>ie Sarf^olbi Soutane befinbet ftd) 
bort, ioeldje eiiten SBafferftra^l faft 70 
I/od) ioirft. ®ie ©eibdd)§(>aufer 
finb mit alien 2lrten bon ^flangen an* 
gefiillt. 2UIe $onen ftnb burd) 
fd)iebene ^flangen unb 23aume ber* 
treten. 

©in tyodjft intereffanter $unft ift ba§ 
<pauptpoftamt. £aufenbe bon 23riefen 
unb ^Sadeten ioerben jafyrlid) bafyin ge* 
fefyidt, unb ioerben ba gebffnet, urn ent* 
Joeber ben SIbfenber ober ben 2lbreffa* 
ten gu ermitteln. £>a§ ©ine foioofyl 
ioie ba§ 2lnbere ift in ben meiften fallen 
unmbglicfy ioegen ungenauer SIbreffe 
u. f. io. 53Diefe SSriefe unb ^adete ioer* 
ben jdfjrlid) auf bffentlid)er Auction 
berfteigert. 

Unfer nad)fter SBefud) gait bent 3)tinifte* 
riurn be§ ^nnern (^Satentamt). 2)iefe§ 
ift ein tyerrlidjeg ©ebdube unb entfyalt 
ungefatyr 200 dimmer. 2)ie intereffan* 
tefte ©ammlung bon 9JtobeUen au§* 
lanbifdjer unb amerifani[d)er ©rfinbun* 
gen ift tyier gu fe^en. 

©inb ©ie in ber ©orcoran $unftgaderie 
geioefen ? 

©eioijj. $>iefe§ fd>bne ©ebdube ftefyt an 
ber ^ennfpbania Slbenue. 3$nen gu 
befdjreiben, ioa§ id) bort gefetyen tyabe, 
ift mir unmbglid). $$ lann nur ba§ 
fagen, baft bie ©aderie eine grofte 
©ammlung berpmter SJieifter befiftt, 
bie man gefeften fyaben muft, um fid^ 
einen SBegriff babon mad)en gu fbnnen. 


9leunge§nte Section. 


145 


After we left the Art Gallery we 
took a long ride to the Navy 
Yard. There are many interest¬ 
ing relics to be seen there ; cap¬ 
tured guns, mortars etc., even a 
Spanish gun which was brought 
to America by F. Cortez. Ships 
are no longer built there ; the 
buildings have been remodeled 
and are used now for construct¬ 
ing large canons. 

We also went to the United States 
Barracks, to witness the drilling 
of the garrison. The buildings 
stand on beautiful grounds with 
fine shade-trees at the confluence 
of the Potomac and Anacostia 
rivers. 

The Pension Office is a large odd 
looking building ; it has a fine 
hall, where they held the inau¬ 
guration balls lately. 

After visiting the Naval Observatory, 
we went to Arlington, the city of 
the dead soldiers, on the Virginia 
side about a mile from West 
Washington (Georgetown). This 
is a beautiful place consisting of 
about 2 ooo acres. It was for¬ 
merly the property of General 
Lee.—Fort Meyer is an other in¬ 
teresting place near by. 

If you wish to see how Uncle Sam 
takes care of his invalid soldiers, 
you should not fail to visit Soldiers 
Home near the city. Large build¬ 
ings furnished with all comforts 
are erected on the beautiful 
grounds, consisting of over 500 
acres. This is one of the most 
beautiful spots of Washington. 

At the Schuetzen Park, we took an 
excellent dinner. It is a pity 


9tad)bem fair bic ^unftgaUerie bertaffen 
fatten, marten fair eine langc $atyrt 
nad) bent ©d)iff§bauf)of. ©e^r biete 
intereffante 9?etiquien befinben fid) 
bort: erobcrte $anonen, Sttorfer uftb.; 
fogar eine fyanifd)e Danone, h>etd)e bon 
©orteg nad) Stmerifa gebrad)t tourbe. 
©d)iffe toerben bort nid)t tnefyr gebant, 
benn bie ©ebdube finb umgeanbert unb 
toerben gegenloartig gur <perftettung bon 
grofjen $anonen bertoanbt. 

2Bir gingcn aud) nacfy ben SSer. ©taaten 
$afernen, um un§ ba§ ©serciren ber 
©arnifon angufefyen. 2)ie ©ebdube 
ftefjen auf einem prdd)tigen $ta£e, init 
fycrrtid)en ©d)attenbaumcn, antgufant:- 
menftufj be3 ^otomac unb 2lnacoftia« 
3fl»ffe8. 

^3enfion§gebaube ift ein grofjeS, fon* 
berbar auSfefyenbeS ©ebdube; e§ fjat 
eine fcfybne £>alte, too bie lenten ^nau* 
guration§baUe abgefyatten tourben. 

9tad)bem toir nod) ba§ 9Jtarineobferbato* 
rium befud)t fatten, begaben loir un§ 
nad) Slrtington, ber ©tatte ber berftor* 
benen ©olbaten. 2)iefelbe tiegt auf ber 
SUrginiafeite, ungefdfyr eine 2Mte bon 
28efL2BafI)ington (©eorgetoton). ©§ 
ift ein tounberfd)oner ^tafc bon unge* 
fal)r 2000 2l<fer. $ r bf)er toar berfelbe 
ba§ ©igentfyum be§ ©eneral &ee.—$ort 
SJte^er ift ein anberer intereffanter 
^Sunft in ber 9tdl)e. 

2Benn ^ernanb fefyen toil!, toie Dnfel ©am 
(bie $er. ©taaten) fiir feine inbali* 
ben ©olbaten forgt, ber foltte nid)t ber* 
fefyten, bie ©olbatenfyeimatl) in ber 9id^e 
ber ©tabt gu befud)en. ©ro&artige mit 
alter 23equemtid)feit auSgeftattete ©e* 
bdube, finb auf bem fd)onen $ta£e era 
rid)tet, metier fiber 500 Stcfer entfyatt. 
2)ieS ift einer ber fd)bnften ^unfte 
2Bafftington§. 

2lud) ben ©d;fi$enbarf befud)ten toir, too 
toir ein bortrefftid)e§ 2Jhttag£mafyt ein* 


146 


9teunge$nte Section. 


that this fine park may soon cease 
to be a place of recreation. 

I also visited several public and pri¬ 
vate schools which have a high 
reputation. Their school-houses 
are palaces. The Catholic Uni¬ 
versity near the city is a magnifi¬ 
cent building. 

Did you go to church ? 

Washington has very fine churches, 
eloquent pastors and good choirs. 

Last Wednesday I went with the 
“Saengerbund” on an excursion 
to Marshall Hall. I enjoyed their 
singing very much and have no 
doubt that they may get a prize 
at the next Saengerfest at New¬ 
ark. 

Are there many Germans in Wash¬ 
ington? 

The number is not so great but it is 
a very good class. They have a 
good many societies, as the 
“German Dramatical Society”, 
the “Techniker Society”, its 
members consisting mostly of 
men of science and art; several 
singing societies, as the Saenger- 
bund, the Maennerchor and the 
Arion ; the Columbia Turn-Ver- 
ciety, a German Masonic lodge, 
the Schuetzenverein etc. The 
social relations between the 
Americans and German-Ameri- 
cans are of the best kind. 

I almost had forgotten my visit to the 
German Orphan Asylum, which 
indeed is a pride to the German 
population of Washington. It is 
situated on Good Hope Hill, near 
Anacostia, containing about 30 
acres of ground arid is provided 
with everything desirable. 


tta^mcn. @3 ift red?t fcbabc, bafj btefer 
fyerrlid?e $arf balb auffyorctt mag, eitt 
(SrfyoIung3bla| gu feirt. 

befucfyte aud? einige bffentlid?e unb 
$ribatfd?uten, bie fid? eine3 guten 9tu* 
fe3 erfreuen. 2)ie ©d?ulfyaufer finb 
^atafte unb bie fatfyolifdje Uniberfitat 
in bcr ;JtdI?c ber ©tabt, cin master 
^Sracfytbau. 

©mb ©ic and? einmat in ber $ird?e ge* 
toefen ? 

SBaffyington f?at fefyr fd?one $ird?eit, elo* 
quente $angelrebner unb gute ©I?bre. 

2fm lenten aftittmod? betfyeiligte id? mid? 
an einer ©gcurfion be3 ,,©angecbun* 
be3" nad? 3Karff?atf §alf. S)a3 ©in* 
gen gefiet mir red?t gut unb id? fyabe 
gar feinen 3toeif e ^ bafj fic^ ber herein 
einen ^)3rei3 auf bem nad?ften ©anger* 
feft in atemarf erobern mirb. 

Gibt e3 biete 2)eutfd?e in SBa^ington ? 

3l?re 3a^t ift nid?t fefyr graft, aber fie 
bilben eine red?t gute 33ebdlferung3* 
ftaffe. ©ie fyaben biele SSereine, mie 
ber ,,2)eutfd?e bramatifd?e herein", ber 
^edjniferberein", beffen aftitglieber 
meiften3 banner ber 2Siffenfd?aft unb 
$unft finb; berfd?iebene ©efangbereine, 
toie ber ©angerbunb, ber Germania 
aJtdnnerd?or unb ber Sfrion, ber Colum* 
bia Surnberein, ber ©d?u£enberein, 
eine beutfd?e greimaurertoge u. f. m. 
2)ie gefellfc£?aftfic^en 33cgiel?ungen gtt>i* 
fd?en ben Slmerifanern unb 2)eutfd?ame* 
rifanern finb ber beften 9frt. 

$aft i?atte id? rneinen $3efud? im beutfd?en 
SSaifenfyaufe bergeffen, ba3 hnrftid? ein 
©totj fiir bie bcutfd?e Scbolferung 
2Saffyington3 ift. @3 befinbet fid? auf 
Good Hope Hill, nafye 2lnacoftia, unb 
entfyatt einen $Idd?enraum bon circa 
30 5tder. 2)a3fclbe ift au3geftattet mit 
atlem 2Bimfd?en3tbertfyen. 


9?eun$e$nte Section. 


147 


The news is issued in excellent morning 
and evening dailies and some Ger¬ 
man and English weekly papers. 

One night I was aroused by a fire, 
which was soon extinguished 
by the excellent fire depart¬ 
ment. The police-force under 
Major Moore is also very good. 

Did you get sufficiently acquainted as 
to be able to recommend some 
hotels, if I should decide to visit 
Washington? 

I went to several hotels nearly every 
day, as some friends from St. 
Louis and Cincinnati were stopp¬ 
ing there. They stopped at the 
Belvedere on Pennsylvania Ave¬ 
nue near the Capitol. They had 
nice, airy, comfortable rooms and 
received good attention. My 
friends were well pleased with 
their fare and found the price 
very reasonable. 

I took an exquisit supper there myself 
after we came back from a drive 
from the country. We had been 
at C. Heurich’s dairy farm in 
Maryland, about 7 miles from 
Washington. That place hardly 
will find its equal anywhere, for 
its large practical buildings with 
the most modern improvements. 
The milch cows consist of im¬ 
ported and Jersey stock. 

You seem to take great interest in 
farming. 

Indeed you are right, I always enjoyed 
rustic life. 

When do you expect to visit Wash¬ 
ington again V 

Perhaps next fall if circumstances 
permit, but excuse me, I must 
go now. Good-by! 


£)ie Sagegneuigfeiten erfufyr id) burd) 
gmei auggegeid)nete taglid)e engtifd)e 
unb einige bcutfcbe u. englifcfye moment* 
lid)e 3*itungen. 

Cinrnal murbe id) aud) in ber ;Jtad)t burd) 
$euer aufgefd)redt; eg murbe aber bon 
ber auggegeid)neten $euermebr balb ge* 
lofd)t. 2lud) bie ^Soligei unter bent Com* 
manbo beg -JJiajorg 9Jtoore ift febr gut. 
©inb ©ie I)inreid)enb befannt gemorben, 
um mir einige ©aftbbfe empfefylen gu 
fonnen, fallg id) mid) entfd)Ue{jen foUte 
SBafbington gu befud)en? 

5>d) fam in einige £ote(g faft jeben Sag, 
ba einige meiner $reunbe bon ©t. 
Souig unb Cincinnati bort togirten. 
©ie logirten im 23elbebere an ber ipenn* 
Albania 2tbenue nabe bent $af>iiot. 
©ie fatten luftige, comfortable gimrner 
mit guter $8ebienung. -Jkeine $reunbe 
maren fel)r gufrieben mit ber $oft unb 
fanben bie $reife febr annefymbar. 


$d) fefbft nabm ein auggegeid)neteg Slbenb* 
effen bort ein, nad)bem mir bon einer 
$abrt auf’g £anb guriidgefebrt maren. 
2Bir maren auf Cbr. £>eurid?’g $arm 
gemefen, bie fid? ungefdbr 7 9Heilen bon 
SBafbington, in 9Jtarbianb, befinbet. 
©iefer ifUa£ mod)te megen feiner grofcen, 
$>raftifd)en Gebautid)feiten unb feinen 
bbd)ft mobernen Cinrid)tungen faum 
feineg ©teicben irgenbmo finben. S)ie 
9JtUd)fuf?e befteben aug importirter unb 
Serfety fRaffe. 

S)u fd)einft groBeg ^ntereffe an ber £anb* 
mirtbfd)aft gu nefmten. 

2>n ber S^at, bu baft 9ted)t, id) ^atte int* 
mer $reube am Sanbteben. 

SBann gebenfft bu, SBafbington mieber gu 
befucfyen? 

SSietteicb nacbften £erbft, menu eg bie 
Umftanbe ertauben, aber entfctyulbige 
mid) je£t, benn icty muB geben. 


148 


3toanjigfte Section. 


^cssiott. gw»ttgiflft< lection. 


Arrival from Germany. 

Welcome, my dear friend ! What kind 
of a voyage have you had? 

It was excellent, I enjoyed it very 
much. When we left Bremen it 
was rather stormy and the North 
Sea shook us up some, but when 
we entered the English Channel 
the sea became calm and we 
could stay on deck and enjoy the 
beautiful sceneries on the English 
coast. 

How long did you stay at Bremen ? 

Only two days. After I secured a 
berth on the steamer and at¬ 
tended to my baggage, I strolled 
about the city to see its curiosi¬ 
ties. 

Has Bremen many of them? 

More than I could take in, in so short 
a time. The “Bremer Rathskel¬ 
ler” is one of the points no visitor 
of that city should miss; the 
“Bleikammer”, and many other 
places are worthy of notice. 

Were there any friends with you ? 

No, I was all alone but it does not 
take long, to get acquainted if 
one has a mind to ; so I had 
plenty of good company. We 
stayed at the same hotel. There 
we were accommodated nicely, 
we had large, airy rooms, our 
meals were good aud the price 
reasonable. A week ago yester¬ 
day we went aboard that magni¬ 
ficent steamer at Bremerhaven. 

Bremerhaven ? how did you get there ? 
I thought the steamers started 
from Bremen ? 


,21« it it n f i xton & eui fdjl 

©ei millfommen, mein lieber $reunb ♦ 
2Sag fur eine -Weife I)aft bu gefyabt? 

©ie mar au^ge^eiefynet; fie gefiel mir fe^r. 
2U3 mir Bremen berlicjjen, mar ets 
ma§ fturmifeb, unb bie-Korbfee fdjiittefte 
un£ etmaS, a&er al§ mir in ben engti* 
fetyen $anat einfu^ren, murbe bie ©ce 
fetyr rufyig, fo bafj mir un£ auf 2)ecE 
aufbalten unb un§ an bent Slnbttcf ber 
fetyonen ©cenerien ber englifdjen £itfte 
erfreuen fonnten. 

SBie fange bliebft bu in Bremen ? 

9tur gmei £age. 9la$bent id) mein ©epddE 
beforgt unb ein 3imtner auf bem 2)ams 
pfer beforgt batte, manberte id) in ber 
©tabt um^er, urn ifyre c JJterfmurbigfeiten 
iu fe^en. 

£at Srernen beren biele ? 

2Jle^r, al§ id) in fo furjer 3eit befud&en 
fonnte. 2)er Srenter 9tatfy3fetter ift ein 
$unft, ben fein Sefud)er jener ©tabt 
berfaumen Tottte ju befid)tigen; bie 
Sleifammer unb biete anbere$ta£efinb 
ber Sead)tung mertf;. 

SBaren fyreurtbe mit bir ? 

9tein, id) mar ganj atfein, aber e§ nimmt 
ttid)t lange, befannt ju merben, menn 
jemanb Suft ^>at; fo ^atte id) genug 
unb gute ©efeUfdjaft. 2Bir logirten in 
bemfetben £>otel. 2)ort maren mir red)t 
nett eingerid&tet, mir fatten grofje tuf* 
tige 3immer, unfer ©ffen mar gut unb 
ber $rei§ rdfonabel. ©eftern bor acfyt 
Sagen gingen mir an Sorb be§ ^errs 
liefyen $>amj)fer§ in Sremer^abcn. 

Sremer^aben ? mie famft bu benn batyin ? 
Sd? batyte, bie SDampfer liefen bon 
Srcnten au§. 


3 m a n g i g ft e Section. 


149 


No, Bremerhaven is quite a distance 9tein, 
from Bremen, from where we 


went on the railroad; all the 
steamers anchor there. It did not 
take long to get there, so we 
went around there for several 
hours sight-seeing. At last when 
I boarded the steamer which 
looked to me like a huge monster, 
I was quite* perplexed by the 
magnificent apartments and out¬ 
fit of the same. I was so lucky 
to get a state-room almost in the 
center of the steamer. My new 
friends were separated from me 
but we soon met again. It took 
about two hours, when the signal 
was given to start. Many people 
had come on board to bid fare¬ 
well to their friends. A last em¬ 
bracing, handshaking, a kiss with 
tears in their eyes, they had to 
leave the ship. A second signal, 
the bridge was drawn in and the 
mighty monster was moving. 
Our band was playing a parting 
tune, while all were looking back, 
waving handkerchiefs. Soon the 
harbor was out of sight. We ad¬ 
mired the sceneries right and 
left of the River Weser. When 
we reached the North Sea, most 
of the passengers became sea¬ 
sick, but it lasted but a few 
hours. Not many showed appe¬ 
tite and there were but few at 
supper. The stewards kindly 
nursed the sick and waited on us 
very satisfactorily. Our table was 
excellent, all that the season 
could afford was served, and 
plenty of it. 

How did you go? 

I went second cabin. 

factory enough for me ; of course 


23remerpaben ift cine ganj piibfdpe 
©ntfernung bon Bremen, bon loo mir 
per ©ifenbapn bapin gingen; atfe ©am* 
pfer fiegen bor 2Infer bort. ©3 napm 
nidpt fange 3eit, bapin gu fommen, fo 
liefen fair nocp einige ©tunben bort per* 
um, bie ©egenb betraeptenb. 2Ug loir 
enbticp an 33orb beg ©ampferg gingen, 
meldper mir mie ein riefigeg Ungetpiim 
erfepien, mar idj gan 3 berbliifftbon ben 
perrlidpen gitnmern unb beren ©inridp* 
tung. $cp mar fo gliicfiidp, ein ©tub* 
epen faft in ber 9Jtitte beg ©ampferg ju 
befommen. 9Jteine neuen $reunbe ma* 
ren bon mir getrennt morben, aber loir 
fanben ung balb mieber. ©3 bauerte 
faft $mei ©tunben, big bag ©ignal jur 
2lbfaprt gegeben murbe. 33iefe Seute 
maren an 33orb gefommen, um ipren 
$reunben Sebemopt ju fagen. ©ine 
lepte Umarmung, ein §anbebrucf, ein 
£ufj mit ©pranen in ipren Stugcn, unb 
fie mufjten bag ©cpiff berfaffen. ©in 
smeiteg ©ignat, bie 93riicfe murbe per* 
aufgejogen unb bag madptige Ungetpiim 
fepte ficp in 33emegung. Unfere $apeHe 
fpielte ein s ilbfdpiebglieb, mciprenb mir 
juriicfblicften unb unfere ©afdpentiidper 
fcpmenften. 33alb mar ber&afen aufjer 
©iept. 2Sir bemunberten bie ©cenerien 
am reepten unb linfen lifer ber SBefer. 
2Itg mir bie 9lorbfee erreidpten, murben 
bie meiften ^affagiere feefranf, aber eg 
bauerte nur einige ©tunben. 9Ucpt 
biele jeigten Slppetit unb nur menige 
maren btim 2lbenbeffen. ©ie STufmar* 
ter pflegten bie $ranfen freunblicp unb 
bebienten ung fepr jufriebenftettenb. 
Unfcr ©ifep mar bortreffticp; atfeg, mag 
bie ^apregjeit liefern fonnte, murbe 
aufgetragen unb reiepliep. 


$uprft bu erfte ^ajitte ? 

This was satis- ^dp fupr gmeite $ajiite. ©iefe mar gut 
genug fur micp ; atferbingg mar eg in 



150 


3 to a n 3 i 0 

in the first cabin it was still bet¬ 
ter. Their state-rooms and table 
were luxurious. 

How about the deck-passengers? 

They have to provide themselves with 
a blanket, matress, tincup and 
can, a little tin-bucket, knife and 
fork and spoon, as nothing of 
that kind is furnished to them. 
They get their board however. 

How is that? As the ticket is so low, 
I presume, they don’t get much 
of anything? 

There you are mistaken, they get a 
good householdfare, plenty of 
meat, butter, vegetables, fish, 
coffee, tea etc. Many may not 
have had as good fare before as 
they got there. Of course if 
persons are sea-sick they cannot 
eat even the best. 

How did the officers treat you ? 

They all are gentlemen, accommo¬ 
dating and courteous. When I 
saw them on duty, I felt secure, 
for they discharged it faithfully. 

How did you pass away time ? 

Mostly on deck, when the weather 
permitted. This is the best re¬ 
medy against sea-sickness. Then 
I passed some time in the smok¬ 
ing-room where I indulged in a 
cigar and a good glass of Culm- 
bacher. After supper, our stew¬ 
ards, who are all musicians, gave 
us a concert every night. We 
had plenty of pastime. 

Did you see any whales? 

Yes, only one from the distance and 
thousands of porpoises, but not 
until we almost reached New 
Foundland. 


ft e £ e c t i o n. 

ber erften $ajute nodb beffer. 2>eren 
©abinen (©tuben) unb ©ffeit maren 
lugurioS. 

2Cie ftanb e§ mit ben 3toifd?enbecf§paffa* 
gieren ? 

2)iefe fatten fid) mit einer Secfe, 9)tatrat5e, 
23fecf)bed)er unb einer ®anne, einent ffei« 
nen $8fed;eimer, -JJteffer, ©abef unb 
einent Soffef gu berfefyen, ba nid)t§ Ser* 
artiges ifmen geliefert mirb. ^ebocf; 
befommen fie if)re $oft. 

2Bie ift biefe? ^$d) nefnne an, ba bie 
^affage fefm gering ift, fie mo^l menig 
bon irgenb etma§ befommen. 

2)a irrft bu bid); fie befommen eine gute 
<pausmann3foft, genug $feifd), Gutter, 
©emitfe, gnfcfye, $affee, Sbee, u. f. to. 
9}tand)e mbgen eine fold; gute $oft be* 
bor nod) nid)t gel)abt ^>aben, af§ fie fie 
ba befameit. ©emifj, menn Seute fee# 
franf finb, fbnnen fie fogar ba§ 33eftc 
nid)t effen. 

2Gie murben bie ^affagicre bon ben iDffU 
gieren befyanbeft ? 

©ie finb aUe feine Seute, gefdflig unb gns 
borfommenb. 2Benn id) fie auf il)ren 
Soften fal), finite id^ mid) fid)er, benn 
fie berfafyen ifyn getreutid). 

2Bie fjabt if>r euere 3eit berbrad)t? 

9Jteiften§ auf 2)ed, menu ba£ ^Better e§ 
erfaubte. 2)a§ ift ba§ befte SJtittef ges 
gen bie ©cefranfl)eit. Stud) bracfjte idf) 
mand;e 3eit im 9tad)gimnter gu, mo i<f) 
mtd) an einer ©igarre unb einent ©fafe 
©uhnbad)er 33ier ergofcte. ^eben Slbenb 
nad) bent 2fbenbeffen gaben uttfere 2luf? 
matter, mefd)e ade SWufifer finb, ein 
©oncert. 2Bir fatten genug 3eitber* 
treib. 

©al)t if)v 2Badfifd)e ? 

$a, nur einen eingigen bon ber ©ntfer* 
nung unb taufenbe bon 9)ieerfd)mcinen, 
aber nid)t efjer bi§ mir faft 9ieufunb(anb 
erreid)t fatten. 


151 


8 to a n g i g ft 

What did you see in the Channel ? 

First we saw Dover with its power¬ 
ful fortifications ; then Hastings, 
where William the Conquerorfirst 
landed ; thousands of fisherboats 
engaged in catching herrings; 
then came Folkstone, fireships 
etc. At Southampton we took in 
coal and the mail. We stayed 
there a day. Of course we took 
the opportunity of getting a view 
of the city with its fine harbor. 
After we left Southampton we 
passed the Needles, three large, 
white rocks, rising from the sea ; 
then the celebrated light-house 
Eddystone. At last we passed 
Lizard Point, then the Scilly Is¬ 
lands, which look very pretty. 
Soon we came near New Found- 
land, where the sea was very 
wild and the water had a grayish 
color. Making over 400 miles 
daily, we soon reached Sandy 
Hook, passed Long Island and at 
last arrived at Hoboken. The 
scenery is grand, we stood 
there in admiration as the stea¬ 
mer moved along the coast. 
Hundreds of vessels moving in all 
directions, the Statue of Liberty 
before us, and thousands of co¬ 
lored lights, this all made it very 
picturesque. At Hoboken our 
trunks were examined and now 
we could go. I thank you very 
much for coming, for I should 
not have known where to go to. 

Here in Hoboken are some excellent 
hotels, where you could have 
stopped, but of course you go 
with me. 

What has become of the steerage 
passengers? I did not see them 
get out. 


c Section. 

2Ba§ fapt ipr int tanal ? 

©rft fapen loir Sober ntit feinen maeptis 
gen SBefeftigungen ; bann §afting3, too 
SBilpelm ber ©voberer ^uerft lanbete; 
taufenbe bon $ifcperbooten irn $aring§s 
fang begriffen; bann fam ^olfftone, 
fyeuerfepiffe u. f. to. £>n ©outpampton 
napmen loir $oplen ein unb bie $oft. 
2Bir blieben nur einen Sag bort. 9ta* 
tiirlicp benupten loir bte ©elegenpeit 
ettoa§ bon jener <Stabt ntit ipretn 
praeptigen $afen ju fepett. -iftacpbem 
toir (Southampton berlaffen patten, 
paffirten toir bte 9tabeln, brei grofje, 
toeifje $etfen, melcpe fid? au§ bent SOtcer 
erpeben, bann ben berupmten Seucpt* 
tpurm ©bbpftone. (Scplicfjlicp paffirten 
loir Sijarb $oint, bann bie ©ciflp* 
infeln, melcpe fepr pitbfcp auSfapen. 
33alb farnen loir in bie 9tape bon ^eu* 
futtblanb, too bte (See fepr milb mar 
unb ba§ SBaffer etne graulicpe $arbe 
patte. Sa mir taglicp 400 9MIen ?pt* 
riicflegten, erreiepten mir balb <Sanbp 
§oof, paffirten Song $§Ianb unb fas 
men enblicp in Jpobofen an. Sie (See* 
nerie ift mirflicp grofjartig, unb mir 
ftanben ba in 23emunberung, al§ ber 
Sampfer ber .ftiifte entlang fupr. £un* 
berte bon ^aprjeugen, ficp nacp alien 
Siicptungen bemegenb, bie $reipeit§* 
ftatue bor un§, taufenbe bon bunten 
Sicptern, ba§ 9IIIe3 mar mirflicp fepr 
ntalerifcp. $n §obofen murben unfere 
Coffer unterfuept unb bann fonnten 
mir gepen. Bin bir fepr banfbar, 
bafj bu famft, benn icp miirbe niept ge* 
mu§t paben, mopin icp gepen fottte. 

§ier in gmbofen finb auSgejeicpnete &o* 
tel§, mo bu pdtteft einfepren fonnen, 
aber natitrlicp gepft bu mit mir. 

2Ba§ murbe benn au§ ben 3mifcpenbecf§s 
paffagieren? $cp fap fie niept perau§* 
gepen. 


152 


* 


3 to a n § i g ft e Section. 


No, they are taken to Castle Garden, 
where they are looked after. 
There is a Board of Emigration, 
whose duty it is to protect the 
immigrants. They also will send 
back to the old country convicts, 
idiots and paupers, who are pro¬ 
hibited to land now. There is an 
office in Castle Garden, where 
immigrants will find employment. 
For such, who have no friends 
and not much means, it is the 
most advisable,to go there and ob¬ 
tain information, which is prompt¬ 
ly furnished. In Baltimore, where 
so many Germans land, they have 
the same institution. 

Where do the Hamburg steamers 
land ? 

At Hoboken, not far from the North 
German Lloyd’s dock. 

Which line do you think is pre¬ 
ferable? 

From what I hear from persons, that 
sailed from Hamburg, that line is 
equally as good. They try to 
excel each other in the construc¬ 
tion and equipment of their stea¬ 
mers ; they introduce and apply 
the newest and most practical 
inventions and try to secure the 
safety of their passengers. Thou¬ 
sands of Americans travel to 
and from Europe annually, many 
of them making the trip every 
year.' They praise the accomo¬ 
dations of both lines very highly; 
what used to be a dangerous 
trip is now a pleasure trip. But 
now let us go to New York, 
where you may rest yourself and 
then I will show you some of the 
wonders of the New World. 

I gladly accept your kind invitation, 
still I shall not trouble you very 


•Kein fie tourben nad) bent ,,©afttegarten" 
gebradjt, too man fid) iprer annimmt. 
©§ beftept ndrnlid) ein 2fu§toanberung§s 
bureau, beffen 'Pfticpt e§ ift, bie ©ins 
toanberer §u befcpupen. ©traftinge, 
^bioten unb 2frme toerben toieber auriid * 
gefcpid't, ba biefen nicpt mepr geftattet 
ift, gu lanbeit. ©aftlegarten bcftept 
ein Siireau, too ©intoanberer 93efcp&ftis 
gung finben. fyiir fotd;e, bie feme 3'^uns 
be unb toenig SJtittel paben, ift e§ ba§ 
Siatpfamfte, bortpin gu gepen, um ©rs 
funbigung eingugiepen, toetcpe ipnen 
prompt ertpeift toirb. ^n ^Baltimore, 
too aucp biefe Seutfcpe tanben, patman 
biefetbe ©inricptung. 

2Bo fanben bie hamburger 2)ampfer? 

Sn £obofen, nicpt toeit bon bem Sotfe 
be§ 9torbbeutfcpen Stopb. 

SQBcId^e Sinie benfft bu fei borgugiepcn? 

9tad) bem, toa§ icp bon Seuten pore, 
bie bon Hamburg au§ fegelten, ift ; 
jene Sinie ebenfo gut. ©ie berfucpen 
ficp gegenfeitig in ber ©onftruition unb 
SfuSriiftung iprer 3)ampfer gu iibertref* 
fen; fie fiipren bie neueften unb praf* 
tifcpften ©rfinbungen ein unb bemiipen 
fid) fiirbie ©id)erpeit iprer ^affagiere 
©orge gu tragen. Saufenbe bon 2fmeris 
fanern reiien japrlicp nad) ©uropa unb 
toieber guriicf; ntancpe madden bie -Weife 
jebe§ ^apr. ©ie loben bie 23equemticps 
feiten beiber Sinien ungemein; toa§ 
friiper al§ eine gefaprlidpe 9leife betrays 
tet tourbe, ift jefct eine$Bergniigung§reife. 
9Iber fafc un§ jeptnacp 9tcto $orf gepen, 
too bu bid) auSrupen magft, unb bann 
toil! icp btr einige ber SBunber ber neuen 
SBett geigen. 

2)Ut SSergniigen nepme id) beine freunb* 
Ucpe ©inlabung an, toerbe bir jebodj 





153 


3 to a n 3 i g ft 

long, as I intend* to go to Chicago 
in a few days. 

What induces you to go there ? 

I have been corresponding with a 
friend who emigrated three years 
ago, making Chicago his home. 
He is a butcher by profession 
and found employment as soon as 
he arrived there. He is very 
much pleased with that city, 
receives good wages and finds 
everything to suit him. 

I have no doubt about that, butchers, 
bakers, mechanics and such that 
know some trade, most always 
find something to do. Otherwise 
it is with persons that have no 
profession. It is often very diffi¬ 
cult for them to find employment 
and many an ex-officer, merchant, 
preacher, teacher, etc. is glad to 
get a situation as waiter in some 
restaurant. You have learned no 
trade ; and although you received 
a good education, you may not 
succeed in getting what you de¬ 
sire. Now let me give you a 
little advice : do not wait until 
you have spent your last dollar, 
take up any work, you may find. 
In this country it is no disgrace 
to work and sooner or later you 
will meet with success. “ Help 
yourself,” is the motto of the 
American, do not rely upon 
others, you must paddle your 
own canoe. Many will not do 
this and soon find themselves in 
distress. Necessity then compels 
them to accept most anything. 
You find numbers that will enlist 
in the army or navy, where they 
have to serve three to five years. 
Frequently young men emigrate 


e Section. 

nicfyt tange jur Saft fallen, benn in 
einigen Sagcn gebenfe id; nad; Chicago 
311 reifen. 

©a§ Oeranlafjt bid; bafytn 311 gefyen ? 

$d; correfponbirte mit einem $reunbe, ber 
bor brci ^afyren auStoanberte unb fid; 
in ©^tcago nieberliefj. ©r ift ©eftger 
unb fanb nad; feirter Stnfunft fofort 
Sefdjaftigung. ©§ gefdllt ifym fcf>r gut 
in jener ©tabt, er befommt einen 
^o^en Sofyn unb finbet 2llle3 nad; 
©unfd;. 

2 )aran tyabe id; feinen gmeifel; ©e§ger, 
23ader, Jpanbtoerfer, iiberfyaupt Scute, 
bie eine Profeffion gelernt ^aben, 
braudjen faft nie lange auf Slrbeit 311 
toarten. SlnberS bertyalt e§ fid; ba* 
gegen mit benen, toeld;e fein £anbtoerf 
berftefyen. $iir btefe ift e3 oft fe$r 
fcbmierig Sefcfyaftigung 3 U finben unb 
mandjer efyemaltge Dffi 3 ier, ^aufmann, 
Prebiger ober Scorer ift frofy, toenn er 
al§ 2 lufioarter in einer Sfteftauration 
unterfommen fann. S)u fyaft !ein 
§anbtoerf gelernt unb e3 mag beSfyalb 
fein, bafj bu tro£ beiner guten ©r* 
3 iebung nid;t fofort ba§ finbeft, toa§ bu 
fud;ft. 2 )arf id; btr fiir biefen $all 
einen fteinen 3latfy geben ? ©arte nid)t, 
bi§ bu ben lenten dollar auSgegeben 
fyaft, fonbern ergreife irgenb etma§, 
toa§ fid^ bir bietet. $n biefem Sanbe 
ift Strbeitert feine ©d;anbe, unb fritter 
ober fpdter toirft bu bod; ©rfolg I)aben. 
,,- 0 ilf btr felbft" ift ber ©atylfprud; be§ 
2 lmerifaner§, bertaffe bid; nid;t auf 
anbere, fonbern fteuere bein etgeneS 
©djiff. SSiete t^un bie§ntd;tunb lorn* 
men baburd; in 9totfy, bie fie fdjliefjlid; 
3 toingt, trgenb ettoa§ 3 U ergreifen. ©0 
laffen fid; biete fiir ba§ Sanbljeer unb 
fiir bie fylotte antoerben, too fie bann 
brei bi§ bier ^a^re bienen miiffen. ©§ 
ift gar ni$t§ Ungetobl)nlic§e§, bajj 



154 


^^angigfte Section. 


from the old country, in order to 
evade serving in the army there 
and, but a short time after their 
arrival here, they may be found in 
the ranks of our regular army. 
The majority has reason to re¬ 
gret that step. It is true, Uncle 
Sam pays his soldiers better 
wages than any other country, 
the treatment from the officers 
however is not always desirable 
which really could be expected, 
they having to deal with persons, 
who have been recruited from 
many nationalities, negroes etc. 
Hence the frequent desertion in 
our army. Many also can not 
stand the exposure while sta¬ 
tioned on the frontier. Still worse 
it is with the mariners where 
often incredible things occur. 
All is not gold that glitters. 

What chances have women and girls? 

German girls find ready employment, 
they are wanted everywhere, and 
their wages are often from 8 to 20 
dollars per month. 

I thank you for your kind advice and 
shall endeavor to give heed to 
your timely warnings. 


junge Seute, metd^e auShnnberten, urn 
fidf) iljrer mUitarifctyeu Sienftyflidjt im 
aftcn SBaterlanbe gu entgiefyen, fdjon 
furge geit rtacfy ifyrer 9!nfunft in ben 
3teii)en unferer regutciren 2lrmee gu fin* 
ben finb. ®ie meiften tyaben ©runb, 
biefert ©cfjritt gu bereuen. 2l!!erbing§ 
befolben bie SSereinigten ©taaten iljre 
©ofbaten beffer a!§ irgenb ein anbereS 
Sanb, aber bie 33efyanbfung feitenS ber 
Offigiere iff nidjt immer n»iinfc^en§* 
mertf), unb bariiber barf man fid) aud) 
nidfjt munbern, benn mit ma§ fitr einer 
bunten, au§ ben berfdfyiebenften Ratios 
nafitdten, S'legern u. f. to. gufammen* 
gefe^ten £ruf>pe fyaben fie e§ gu tfyun? 
2)afyer ba§ tyaufige 2)efertiren in unferer 
2lrmee. SBiele fonnen audl) ba§ rautye 
Seben, menu fie an ber ©renge ftationirt 
finb, nidjt ertragen. Sflod) fc^fimmer 
fiefyt e§ im ©eebienft au§, mo oft un* 
g!aub!id)e ©a$en borfommen. ift 
eben nidjt al!e§ ©olb, ma§ gtangt. 

2Ba§ fiir 2lit§fidjten tyaben benn $rauen 
unb Mbdjen? 

2>eutfdje 9ftdb$en finben fofort SBefcfyafti* 
gang, fie finb liberal! gefucfjt unb i^re 
Sofme belaufen fidj oft auf 8 bi§ 20 
S>odar§. 

3$ banfe bir fiir beinen freunblidjen SJtatlj 
unb merbe midj bemii^en, beine 2Bar* 
nungen gu betyergigen. 


©wcntjifiwt jCesscm. (Sittuiulgwawsiflftc gtortfou. 


Review. 'QQieitevIjolKnQ. 

What is English Grammar? 2Ba§ ift engtifdje ©rammatif? 

The science of speaking and writing 2)ie $unft bie engtifd^e ©jjrad&e rid^trg gu 
the English language correctly. fpredjen unb gu fcijreiben. 

When should a and when should an fSSann mufc a unb mann muf[ an ge* 
be used? braudfjt merben? 

A is used when the next word begins A mirb gebraudfyt, menn ba§ nadjfte SSort 




155 


© i n u n b a to a n a i g ft e Section. 

with a consonant and an when mit einem ©onfonanten anfangt unb 

the next word begins with a an, toentt e§ mit cinem locate an* 

vowel. fangt. 

How are who and which used ? 2 Bie toerben who (toeldjer) unb which 

(toeldjer) gebraudjt? 

Who is applied to persons only and Who toirb nur bor 9 tamen bon ^lerfonen 
which to animals and things. unb which bor Stamen bon S^ieren 

unb Bingen gebraucfjt. 

As is used as a relative pronoun, As toirb att auriicfbeauglidjcS fyiirtoort 
when it is preceded by such, same gebrau<$t, toenn such (fold!)), same 
and many. (fetbe) unb mam/(ntandje) bor!;ergef)cn. 

Thai is used for who , whom or which. That (toetcfjer) toirb fur who , whom ober 

which (toddler) gebraudjt. 

Letters and figures are made plural by 2)er plural bon 23 udjftaben toirb burdj 
annexing’s. 9lnfycingung bon ’s gebiibet. 

Adjectives derived from proper nouns ©igenfdjaftStoorter, bon §aupttoortern 
are spelled with a capital. abgeleitet, fangen mit einem grofjen 

33 ud)fiabcn an. 

More and most are used in compar- More unb most (mefyr unb meift) toerbcn 
ison, when adjectives consist of in ber ©teigerung gebraudjt, toenn ©i* 
more than two syllables or before genfdjaftStoorter au§ rnefyr al§ jtoei 
such that do not end in le or y. ©Uben beftefyen, ober bei foldjen atoeb 

filbtgen, bie nidjt in le unb y enbigen. 

How is the possessive case formed ? 2 Bie toirb ber possessive case gebiibet ? 

By adding the apostrophe and s, £)urdj ^injuftigung eineS Slpoftrop^en 
except when the word ends in s, unb eineS s, toenn ba 3 2Bort nid^t fdjon 
when the apostrophe only is in s enbigt; in biefem $alle braucije 
added. man nur ben Slpoftrobfyen. 

How should this and that be used ? 2 Sie braudjt man this unb that? 

That should be applied to the more 2 ftan fe£e that fur entfernte, abtoefenbe 
distant, the absent, or the first ober guerft genannte ^erfonen ober 
mentioned ; this, to the nearer, £)inge; this fe|e man fiir nafyerftefjens 
the last mentioned or the present. be, antoefenbe ober gute^tgenannte. 

How is the relative what used ? 3 Bie toirb ba§ jurucfbeguglidje what ges 

braudfyt? 

What is used in place of that which What toirb anftatt that which ober 
or things which, and may denote things which gebraudjt unb fann fiir 
persons or things. ^erfonen unb 2)inge ftel;en. 

When are objects personified? SBann toerben ©egenftanbe fjerfonifijirt? 

When they are regarded as pers- 28 enn biefe al§ ^erfonen betradjtet toer* 
ons. Nouns thus used have ben. 2 )ingtoorter, toetdje auf biefe 
gender by personification. SBeife gebraudjt toerben, finb eben toe* 

gen ber ^erfonification nicfyt ge* 
fdjle$t 3 lo§. 



156 


©inunbgioangigfte Section. 




When is as a relative pronoun ? 

When it is preceded by such , many , 
or same and relates to the objects 
thus specified. 

A boy came to my father this morn¬ 
ing and offered him an owl; after 
an hour’s time he found that he 
could not sell his bird, so he went 
to our neighbor, a United States 
officer, to try his luck there. 

This hat is finer than that but it is 
less durable. 

It cost as much as mine but more 
than Henry’s. 

The man who sold you the horse, 
which you had hitched up yester¬ 
day is an old friend of my father. 

Practice makes perfect. 

When shall we have the pleasure of 
seeing you again? 

My time is at present very much oc¬ 
cupied but I shall try to call next 
week. 

I met Miss Louisa an hour ago. 

How long ago is it since you met her? 

At least five weeks. 

He is said to be an American. 

Who is at the door? 

It is I. 

Although his lawyer made all efforts, 
he could not get him clear. 

Stop, my boy, you must put an end 
to it. 

If you send her to us we will take 
good care of her. 

My friend was taken ill very suddenly 
and a doctor was sent for ; fort¬ 
unately it was only a slight 
attack. 

If you had assisted them, when they 
were without money and any 


SSBann iff as cin relatives ^iirtoort ? 

SBenn such , many ober same borbergebt 
unb bagfelbe fid? auf biefe begiebt. 

©in $nabe farn biefcn attorgen gu meinein 
SSater unb bot ifynt eine ©ule an. 9tad? 
21blauf ciner ©tunbe fanb er aug, bafj 
er feinen $ogel nid?t berfaufen fonnte, 
er ging bafyer gu unferem 2tad?bar, 
einent Dffigier ber SSereinigten ©taaten, 
urn bori fein ©liicf gu berfud?en. 

Siefer <put iff fd?oner alg jener, aber er 
iff meniger bauerf;aft. 

©r foftete ebenfobiel hue ber meinige, aber 
tnetyr alg ber §einrid?’g. 

Ser aJlann, h>eld?er £$nen bag $ferb | 
berfauft bat, n>eld?eg ©ie geftern einge* j 
fpannt fatten, iff ein alter $reunb 
meineg 33aterg. 

ttebung mad?t ben 3Jleifter. 

2Bann toerben fair bag SSergniigen baben, 
©ie hnebergufeljen? 

30Ieine geit ift gegenibartig febr in 21n* 
tyrud? genommen, aber id? merbe ber* j 
fud?cn, nacbfte 2Bod?e borgutyred?en. 

2>d? begegnete fyrdulein Souife bor einer j 
©tunbe. 

SSie lange ift eg ^er, feit ®u fie trafft? ' 

$iinf 2Bod?en toenigfteng. 

aftan fagt, er fei ein Slmerifaner. 

2Ber ift an ber 2^iire? 

^d? bin eg. 

£bgleid? fein 21bbotat alle Slnftrengungen 
ntac^te, fonnte er ibn bod? nic^t frei 
mad?en. 

§bre auf, mein $nabe; bu mujjt ber 
<Sad?c ein ©nbe mad?en. 

2Benn ©ie biefelbe gu ung fd?idfen, tocrbcn 
ibir ung i^rer red?t toobl annebmen. 

30Iein $reunb tourbe j)li3£lid? franf, unb 
man fcbicfte nacb cinem 2lrgte; glttcf* 1 
lid?erh>eife toar eg nur ein lcid?ter 21 n* 
fall. 

2Benn ©ie ibnen beigeftanben batten, alg; 
fie obne ©elb unb fonftigc £itlfgq*errenl 






©inunbgtoang 

other resources, they should not 
have left the city. 

When George Washington was a boy, 
he proved to be a faithful if not 
a brilliant student; already then 
he could not tell a lie. 

When I requested Miss Allen to play, 
she stepped up to the piano 
and rendered Gottschalk’s “Last 
Hope” very creditably. 

If this is the case, I shall not call on 
him, when I go to St. Paul. 

We shall call for Miss Brown at ten 
o’clock. 

What did Henry say, when you asked 
him? 

’Tis none of .your business. 

What will you have, coffee or tea ? 

Some tea if you please, coffee does 
not agree with me. 

What has become of your fine hunt¬ 
ing-dog ? 

He died of poison, which he had 
accidentally swallowed. 

Be it as it may, I expect you at half 
past five. 

I had taken her for Miss Wasny; she 
resembles that young lady very 
much. 

Did you hear of it, that she was taken 
sick very suddenly ? 

Not to my knowledge. 

These children take very much after 
their father. 

When ever you need it, send for it. 

Refer to me if he should not believe 
it. 

I met the Misses Harris in Lafayette 
Park, where they were prome¬ 
nading with their friend Miss 
Bowdle. 

Indeed, I am very much obliged to 
you. 

Don’t mention it. 


i g ft e Section. 157 

toaren, miirben fie bie ©iabt nid)t ber* 
laffen tyaben. 

2flg ©eorg 2Baff)ington ein ftnabe mar, 
geigte er fid) alg ein gemiffenfyafter, 
memt auefy nid)t brillanter ©$iUer; 
fd)on bamalg fonnte er feine Siige fagen. 

2llg id) $rdulein 2UIen bat, gu ffnelen, 
fd)ritt fie gum ^iano unb tyielte 
©ottfd)alfg „2e$te §offnung" fetyr 
nett. 

2Benn bag ber $aE ift, merbe id) il)n nid)t 
befud)en, memt id) nad) ©t. $aut gefye. 

2Sir merben graulein 33raun um ge^n 
llfyr abfyolen. 

2Bag fagte £einridv atg ©ie ifyn frag* 
ten ? 

gefyt ©ie nicfytg an. 

2Bag munfd)en ©ie, $affee ober 5C^ee ? 

©tmag Sfyee, menn iefy bitten barf, $affee 
befommi mir nid)t gut. 

20ag ift aug 2$rem fd)onen ^agb^unb 
gemorben ? 

©r ftarb an ©ift, meld)eg er gufattig ber* 
fcfyludt tyatte. 

Sent fei, hie ifym motte, id) ermarte ©ie 
um l)alb fed)g. 

fyatte fie fiir graulein SBagnty ge* 
fatten, fie fiefyt jener jungen Same fefyr 
dfynlid). 

§aben ©ie geprt, bafj fie fffofclicfy fetyr 
franf murbe? 

©obiel ic§ meifj, nid)t. 

Siefe $inber fd)lagen fe^r i^retr. Slater 
nad). 

SSenn ©ie eg braud)en, laffen ©ie eg 
fommen. 

Serufen ©ie fid) auf mid)> menn er eg 
nid)t glauben follte. 

3>d) begegnete ben $rdulein §arrig im 
Safajjette ^arf, mo fie mit ifyrer 
$reunbin fjrdulein Sombte prorne* 
nirten. 

SSirflicfy, id) bin $$nen fe§r berbun* 
ben. 

$eine Urfad)e! 


158 


©inunbgmangigfte Section. 


on purpose i 


Do you think that boy broke the glass ©enfft bit, bafj jener 3 nnge ba§ ©ta§ 

abfid^ttid^ gerbrocfyen tyat ? 

3d) merbe mirflid) bofe aitf ©ie merben, 
menu ©ie nid)t batb fommen. 

3dj bcbaucre ba8, aber id) merbe bor ben 
ndd)ften fedjS SBodjen feine 3 e i* 
fommen. 

^d) £alte nid)t bief bon bent Wanne; 
er mad)t biel gu bief au§ fid). 


I will be angry with you if you don’t 
come soon. 

I am sorry for it, but I shall not have 
any time for the next six weeks. 


I don’t think much of that man, he 
makes entirely too much of him¬ 
self. 

Sister Ida has gone to the city, has 
she not ? 

Your cousin wrote to you, when he 
was in Germany, did he not ? 

I shall go to Fred Huegle’s to get 
something to eat. 

Do so, you have plenty time. 

The longer you wait, the more you 
will have to pay. 

Of course I know, but I can not get 
off. 

So much the worse for you. 

Give me an other cigar, if you please. 

Give me also one more. 

Your money is lost, make the best 
of it. 

He made his mark. 

Make up your mind whether you will 
go to Cincinnati or not. 

Did you perhaps get a letter ? 

I got a letter from Eric the other day, 
he wrote from Centralia. 

Why, I told you, you couldn’t get 

/ it. 

Why did you not give this book to 
Josephine ? 

Why, it was her own wish, that I 
should send it to Louise. 

My sister Maggie will soon become a 
teacher. 

Indeed ? I thought she had a situa¬ 
tion in the Post-Office. 

My time is occupied and so is his. 


■Kidjt mafyr, ©d)mefter 3frn if* in bie 
©tabt gegangen ? 

9Hd)t mafyr, 3f)r better fd)rieb 3*nten, 
al8 er in 2)eutfd)fanb mar ? 

3d) merbe gu $ri£ foiigfe gefyen, um etmaS 
gu effen gu befommen. 

SCfyun ©ie ba§, ©ie fyaben genug 3^it. 

3e fanger ©ie marten, befto tnefyr merben 
©ie begafjfen miiffen. 

$reifid), id) meifj e3, aber idj fann nodj 
nid)t abfotnmen. 

$)efto fdjdimmer fi'tr ©ie. 

33itte, geben ©ie ntir nod) eine ©igarre. 

©eben ©ie ntir aud) nod) eine. 

3^r (Mb ift berloren, fiigen ©ie fid) 
barein. 

©r ift ctma8 'JudjtigeS gemorben. 

©ntfcfyfiefjen ©ie fidj, ob ©ie nad) Gin* 
cinnati gef>en moden, ober nid)t. 

§aben ©ie biedeidjt einen 33rief befommen ? 

3d) erfyieft bor ein f>aar £agen einen Mef 
bon ©rid), er fd)rieb bon ©entrafia. 

3d) f>abe e£ 3fynett ja gefagt, bafj ©ie e8 
nid)t befommen fbnnen. 

'IBarum fyaben ©ie 3ofe^ine nicbt ba§ 
53ud) gegeben ? 

©8 mar ja if;r eigner 2Bunfd), bafj idj e8 
Souifen fenben fode. 

Sdeine ©c^mefter ©retd)en mirb batb 
2ef)rerin merbcn. 

©o ? 3d) gfaubte, fie fjdtte eine ©tcdeim 
^Softamt. 

3)leine 3*it iff in Slnfyrud) genommen 
ttnb feine aud). 



159 


Slmerifanifdjeg © e f b. 

He will not come to Washington, (Sr ioirb nidfjt nac$ ffiafljington fommen 
neither does she. unb fie auefy nicfyt. 

Have you any objection? £aben ©ie ettoag bagegen einjuioenben ? 

Nothing whatever. 2 >urd)aug nidjtg. 

I would have been here long ago, but toiirbe fdjon fange Ijier getoefen fein, 
they wouldn’t let us go. aber fie liefjen ung nidjt geljen. 

You must get shaved, your beard is ©ie miiffen fid) rafiren laffen, 23 art 
too long. ift su tang. 

I shall get Mr. Waldmann to make toerbe mir bon $errn 2 Balbmann 
me a coat. einen 9?od madden laffen. 

Come on boys, let us go, it is getting £ommt $naben, tafjt ung ge^en, eg ioirb 
late. fydt. 

We are ready at any time. 2 Bir finb immer bereit. 


gumifeaniffltcs 6cUl. Symerirau Poiwg. 


4* ipt i»tt* fitr foliar. 


@olb,Gold. ©ilber, Silver. 


Double eagle, worth - 

$20 

Dollar, worth 

- $1 

Eagle, worth - 

$IO 

Half-dollar, worth 

- 50 cts 

Half-eagle, worth 

*5 

Quarter-dollar, yporth - 

- 25 cts 

Three-dollar piece, worth - 

$3 

Dime, worth 

- 10 cts 

ioirb nid)t tnefyr geprdgt. 


Half-dime, worth - 

5 cts 

Quarter-eagle, worth - 

te'/z 

Three-cent-piece, worth 

- 3 cts 

Dollar, worth - 

U 



Stupfer, Copper. 


Nickel. 


i-cent piece. 2-cent piece. 

3-cent piece. 5-cent piece. 


©olb unb ©ilbermiingen ent^alten neungefjntet reineg 9 Jtetal. 

2)ag erftere ioirb mit ©ilber unb $ubfcr, bag lefjtere mit $uj>fer tegirt. 

©a§ ^aftiergelb ber SBereinigten ©taaten beftefyt aug “United States Notes”, 
ioegen iljrer griinen 3 ^iicffeite aud) “Greenbacks” genannt. “Gold Certificates” 
unb “Silver Certificates” unb “National Currency”. Side biefe 33 anfnoten 
toerben ju 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 50 , 100 , 500,1000 Sollarg auggegeben. 

SSon falfdjem ©elbe curfiren namentlid) fyalbe ©odarftiicfe unb gioet ^Dollar 
SBanfnoten, bie oft tdufdjenb nacfygemadjt finb, ioegtyalb SBorfidjt gu empfe^len ift. 

2 )ie beutf^e 3 tei$gmarf ift 23 unbacfytgefyntel ©entg, ber $ranf 19 unbbrei* 
ge^ntel, unb ber ofterreid;ifc§e ©ufben 40 unbeinge^ntel ©entg. 



160 


9)1 a fj e unb © e h>i d) t e. 


Ptasuw amt Weights!. Pafg* mut ^ewithte. 

Cubit ober $ 5 rf>ermaji. Solid or Cubic Measure. 

17,28 cu. in. (^ubifgott) = 1 cu. foot (Stubitfufj). 

27 cu. ft. (.^ubiffufj) = 1 cu. yd. (^ubiffyarb). 

128 cu. ft. “ = 1 cd. wood ($fafter §otg). 

24X cu. ft. “ = 1 perch stone (2Jtefirut(>e ©tein). 

Cine staffer §otj ift 8 $ujj tang, 4 $ufj breit unb 4 $ufj tyod), alfo 
8x4x4 = 128. 

Cine 9tut(>e ©tein ober SBacffteine ift 16£ ^ufi tang, 1£ $ufj breit unb 1 $uf$ 

$<>$• 

SBaufyolj toirb nad) bern $ufj berfauft. Cin $ujj $au§otg ift 1 $ufj tang, 
1 gufj breit unb 1 $ufc bicf. 


Sa§ Sangentnai. Long Measure. 

1 inch (got!) = 2.54 Centimeter 
12 inches (in) = 1 foot (ft.) = 30.5 Centimeter 
3 feet (ftufc) = 1 yard (yd) = 0,914 9Jteter 
5X yards — 1 rod (rd.) (9tuttye) 

40 rods = 1 furlong (fur.) (^etbtoeg) 

8 furlongs = 1 mile (SEReile) = 5280 $ufj = 1.61 Stitometer 
69^ miles = 1 degree (Crab) 


S)a3$lad)enmafj. Square Measure. 

1 square inch (sq. in.) (DuabratgoK) = 6,45 Quabratcentimeter 
144 sq. in. = 1 square foot (sq. ft.) (Quabratfufj) 

9 sq. ft. = 1 square yard (sq. yd.) (Quabratmeter) = 0,84 Quabratmeter 
30X sq.yds.= 1 square rod (sq. rd.) (Quabratrutfye) 

4 rds. = 1 acre (A.) (2lcfer) = 0,4 $ettar 

640 A. = 1 square mile (sq. mi.) Quabratmeite = 2,58 Quabratfitom. 


S fl§ 2anbmejferma§. Surveyor’s Measure. 

7.92 in. = 1 link (li.) (©tieb) 

25 li. = 1 rod (9iut(>e) 

100 li. (4 rds.) = 1 chain (ch.) ($ette) = 66 $ufj tang. 

10 sq. ch. (Quabratfetten) ober 160 Quabratruttyen) = 1 A. (SIcfer) 
80 ch. = 1 mi. (Slieite) 


2) a § 2B e i n m a ft. 


Wine Measure. 


4 gills (gi) 
2 pints (pt) 
4 quarts 
31X gollons 
2 barrels 


= 1 pint ($int) = 0,47 Siter 

= 1 quart (qt) (Quart) = 0,95 Siter. 1 Siter = 1,05 qt. 

= 1 gallon (gal) (©attone) = 1,79 Siter 
= 1 barrel, (bar.) (#afj) = 1,19 £ettotiter. 1 £eftot. = 0,848 bis. 
= 1 hogshead (hhd.) (C^oft) = 2.385 £eftoliter 


9Jt a fj e urtb © e to i d) t e. 


161 


x 


Sa§ S 3 i c r m a jj. 


Beer Measure. 


2 pints 
4 quarts 
36 gallons 
1 Yz barrels 


1 pint = 0,58 fitter. 1 filter = 0,86 quart 
= 1 quart = 1.16 fitter 
— 1 gallon = 4.62 Siter 

= 1 barrel = 1.66 <peftotitcr 1 §e!toliter = 0,60 barrel 
(54 gal.) = 1 hogshead (D$oft). 


®fl8 2ro4enm«i Dry Measure. 

1 pint = 0,55 fitter.. 1 Siter = 1,82 pints 
2 pints = 1 quart = 1,10 fitter 
8 quarts = 1 peck (pk,) (2Jte£e) = 8,81 fitter 

4 pecks = 1 bushel (bu.) (SSuffyel) = 35,24 fitter. 1 §eftoliter = 2,84 bu. 


2 ) a 3 2 Jl>ottyefergetoid)t. Apothecaries’ Weight. 

20 grains (gr.) ©ran = 1 scruple (sc. ober 9) ©ctupel 

3 scruples = 1 dram (dr. oder 3) 3 >radjme 

8 drams = 1 ounce (oz. ober §) Unje 

12 ounces = 1 pound (lb. ober lb) $funb 


2) a § 2lOoirbuJ>oi§getoi d)t. Avoirdupois Weight. 

16 drams = 1 oz. = 28,4 ©ratnm 

16oz. = 1 pound (lb.) ($funb) = 0,45 Sttlogramm 

100 lb. = 1 cwt. (hundred weight) (Centner) 

20 cwt. ober 2000 lbs. = 1 ton (T) ($onne) 


2 )a 3 £rofygetoid)t. TroyWeight. 

24 grains = 1 pennyweight (pwt. ober dwt.) 0 | 3 fennig§geioi<$t) 

20 pennyweights = 1 ounce (oz.) (Unge) 

12 ounces = 1 pound (lb.) ($funb) 

1 ©rantrn = 15,433,159 ©ran 

1 SUogramm = 2 lb. 8 oz. 3 pwt. 1.159 gr. Tr °y ober 2 lb. 3 oz. 
4,1549 dr. Avoirdupois. 





162 


33rieffdjrei5en. 


gttttt-Writing. jgricffcltmtmr. 


Letters consist of the Heading ; the 
Address ; the Body and the Con¬ 
clusion. 

The Heading consists of: The name 
of the place and date ; the coun¬ 
ty, state (in the county) ; number 

• of street, post-office or P. O. box 
(in the city). 

The Address or Salutation consists of 
the name and title of the person 
addressed. 

In business letters the complimentary 
address is placed at the top, and 
in domestic letters at the bottom. 

The Body of the letter contains the 
communication. 

The Conclusion consists of the clos¬ 
ing words. It must be placed 
toward the right and the signa¬ 
ture must be one line below. 

All letters should be written care¬ 
fully and neatly. Only black ink 
should be used. 

Business letters must be brief and to 
the point. 

Social letters have no limit, as their 
length depends upon circum¬ 
stances. 

Postage in the United 
States and Canada. 

Letters must be prepaid at the rate 
of 2 cents per ounce or less. 

Registered letters io cents extra. 

Postal cards one cent each. 

Newspapers etc., i cent for each 4 
ounces. 


SBvicfe beftefyen au§ bcr Ueberfrfjrift, bcr 
9Inrebe, bcm $nf)alt unb bent ©cfytuffe. 

2)ie Ueberfdjrift beftel)t au3 bent 9iantcn 
bc§ Drte§ uitb be§ 2)atunt§, ber ©raf* 
fd)aft u. be§ 6taate§ (auf bent Sattbe); 
ber ©trafjennummer ober ber Summer 
bc§ i)Softfaften§ (in. ber ©tabt.) 

©ie Slitrebe (©ingang), befte^t au§ bent 
9iamen unb SCitel ber ^3erfon, an bie 
man fcfireibt. 

^n ©efd)aft§briefen ftetye bie 3Ibrc[fe am 
oberen S^eile unb in ^reunbfdjaftSbrie* 
fen am untercn £tyeUe be§ 23riefe3. 

S)er §aupttf>eil be§ 33riefc§ entfydlt ben 
^nfyalt. 

2)er ©cblufi beftefyt au§ ben ©djhtfjmor? 
ten. Siefc fodten etma§ nad) resets 
gefe£t merben unb bie llnterfd^rift cine 
geile meitcr unten erfolgen. 

2UIe 33riefe follten forgfdltig unb nett gc* 
fc^rieben merben. 2ttan braucfye nur 
fd; marge 2)inte. 

©efd)aft§briefe follten furg unb bihtbig 
fcin. 

$reunbfc§aft3briefen ift feine ©renge ge= 
fcfct, ba beren £ange bon ben Umftan* 
ben ab^angt. 

gviefyovt0 in bon ^ovointgten 
Stanton nnb ©anctba. 

SBriefe mitffen franfirt merben im 23etrage 
bon 2 ©ent3 f>er Unge ober barunter. 

3tegiftrirte 33riefe foften 10 ©ent3 mel)r. 

^oftfarten foften einen Cent. 

geitungen u. f. m., 1 Cent fitr je 4 
Ungen. 


23rieffdjreiben. 


163 


Letters to Europe, 5 cents for 
each half ounce* 

Postal cards to Europe cost 
2 cents. 

Money orders are used to send small 
sums of money ; they are issued 
up to 100 dollars in the United 
States and to 50 dollars to Europe 
etc. 

Postal notes must not exceed 5 doll¬ 
ars, at the rate of 3 cents. 


23 r i e f e nacfy©uropa foften 5 ©entg 
Ver fyalbe Unje. 

^oftfarten nadj © u r 0 p a foften 
2 ©entg. 

©elbanioeifungen ioerben gebraudjt, unt 
fleine ©ummen ©elbeg ju fenben; 
biefelbcn ioerben big gu einem 23etrage 
oon 100 dollars in ben 23er. ©taaten 
unb oon 50 Sollarg nad) ©uro^a u. ). 
io. auggegeben. 

^oftnoten biirfen nid?t ben 23etrag oon $5, 
gu einer Slate Oon 3 ©entg, iiberfteigen. 


MODELS FOR HEADINGS. 

Place and Date. (Dirt tmfr Saturn. 

Washington, D. C., February 9, 1891. 

Nashville, Washington, Co., Ill., 

Monday, February 9, 1891. 

German-A meric an Academy, 

Washington, D. C., January 5, 1891. 

924 G Street, N. W., Washington, D. C., 

January 9, 1891. 


THE INTRODUCTION. THE ADDRESS. 

$cr (Jingaiifl. $tc tecbc. 

Messrs. Krone Bros., 

Educational Publishers, 

105 Chambers Street, 

New York. 

Dear £Jirs: 

Your favor etc. 

Messrs. Schaefer & Koradi, 

Philadelphia. 

Gentlemen:—I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt, etc. 



164 


$8rteffd)reiben. 


Miss Grace Bryant, 

Washington, D. C., • 

We acknowledge with pleasure, etc. 

Respected F riend: 

Your kind favor was a pleasant surprise, etc. 

Mrs. Elizabeth Harris, 

Principal Young Ladies Seminary, 

Dear Madam : Washington, D. C., 

Accept my sincere thanks for the kind information, etc. 

Dear Parents: 

As the old year is passing away, I am reminded, etc. 

My Dear Daughter: M 

Since I last wrote to you, etc. 


CONCLUSION. OFFICIAL. 

(Sdjfag. Offoica. 


I have the honor to remain 

Your Obedient Servant 


Albert Carry. 


I have the honor to be 

Very Respectfully 


I am sir, 

Your Obedient Servant, 


George Van Wyck. 


C. A. Sautter. 


BUSINESS LETTERS, OR LETTERS WRITTEN TO 
STRANGERS, ACQUAINTANCES, ETC. 

©cfd)tift§kicfe obcr $ricfc an KBefamtic u. f. In. 

Yours truly, 

J o h n E. Ruebsam. 

Yours respectfully, 

Charles S. Bradley. 

Yours very truly, 

J o h n L. B u r k a r t. 

Truly yours, 

J no. A. B a r t h e 1 . 

Most affectionately, 

Your friend, 


Fritz Reuter. 






33 r 'i c f fdj r c i b c n. 

SUPERSCRIPTION. toffdjriff. 

In the city. 3$ n b e r 01 a b t. 


165 



I 


STAMP 



C. HEURICH, ESQ., 

1218 Nineteenth Street, N. W., 


Washington, D. C. 


Return to H. Kuerschrier, Washington, D. C.. @-© 

if not delivered within io days. i 

| STAMP 

i - I 

©- to 


MR. ERICH SCHUELER, 

care of William Resor & Co., 

Cincinnati, 

Ohio. 


MISS ELLA BAXTER, 


@> - @> 

STAMP 

© - @ 

Washington, 

D. C. 


MISS LULA DIVER, 


@ -© 

STAMP 

4 -© 


Washington, 


Box iooo. 


D. C. 




















166 


23 v i e f f d) r c i b e tt. 


His Excellency, 

GOVERNOR D. B. HILL, 


0 - 0 

STAMP 

. @- 0 


Albany, 


N. Y. 


0 -@ 

i 

STAMP 

® -® 


TO THE PRESIDENT, 

Executive Mansion, 

Washington, 

D. C 


@ -0 

STAMP 

@- 0 


HON. ROBERT P. PORTER, 

Superintendent of Census , 


Washington, 
D. C. 


In the country. 2 ltifbetn£anbe. 


HON. JOHN WILHELM, 

Vincennes, 


©- 0 

STAMP 

0 -@ 


Knox County, 

Ind. 

















23 r i e f f ri; r c i b e n. 


167 


TITLES. Situlaturcn. 

His Excellency, Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States. 
His Excellency, J. M. Rusk, Governor of Wisconsin. 

The Honorable James G. Blaine, Secretary of State. 

The Honorable Shelby Cullom, United States Senator. 

The Honorable W. S. Forman, M. C. 

Hon. L. W. Habercom. 

Professor John W. Powell. 

Clarence R. Dufour, M. D. 

Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Runck. 

Mr. Wm. J. Armstrong. 


RECEIPT FOR RENT. Ouittmtg fitr §aU0ttUCfljC. 

$300. Washington, D. C., July 27, 1890. 

Received from FRED. SCHADE, Three Hundred Dollars, being the 
amount in full for one quarter’s rent of house No. 900 G Street, N. W. for 
quarter ending September 1. JULIUS HUEGLE. 

$300. 28affyington, 2). G., am 27. $uli 1890. 

©mpfangen ho n $ r i £ ©djabe, 2)reityunbert 2)otfarg bierteljdfyrige 9Jtieif;e 
fur bag <paug 91o. 900 © ©trafje, 31. 2B. fur bag am 1. September enbenbe 
SBierteljafyr. Anting § ii g f e. 


ORDERS. Slutoeifuttgcn. 

£100. Washington, D. C., July 27, 1890. 

Mr. FRANK MUELLER. 

Please pay to L. M. TURNER, or bearer, One Hundred 
Dollars from your store, and this shall be your receipt in full of my account. 

GEORGE HERBERT. 

$100. SBaffyington, 3). ©., am 27. 1890. 

£>err r an j 2R ii 11 e r ! 

23itte, jafyleu ©ie an S. 3)1. burner ober beffcn Drbre, 
©inljunbert 3)otfarg, bic in 2Baaren aug Sfjrern £aben gu nefymen finb, unb betradj* 
ten ©ie bieg atg Quittung in hoUftdnbiger Seja^Iung meincr 9tectynung 
an ©ie. Georg Herbert. 

$100. Washington, I). C., July 27, 1890. 

Mr. F. HAVILL will please pay to the bearer One Hundred Dollars 
in merchandise on my account. HUGO WITTER. 




8-rieffdjreiBeit. 


108 


FORMS OF NOTES. 


5 TOO. 


©ctoiiljnltdjc SBc^fcIfortn. 

Washington, D. C., July 27, 1890. 


Sixty days after date I promise to pay HERMAN JACOBSEN or 
bearer, One Hundred Dollars, value received. E. FREUND. 

$100. SSaffyington, S. ©., am 27. $uti 1890. 

©edjgig Sage nad; bem Saturn biefeS, berfyred)e id; an Hermann 
3 a c 0 b f e n ober ben ^nfyaber, (ober beffen Drbre) eintyunbert SodarS fur 
empfangenen SEBcrtl^ ju beja^len. @. ^ r e u n b. 

$100. Washington, D. C., July 27, 1890. 

Sixty days after date I promise to pay to KARL HEURICH or order, 
One Hundred Dollars. Value received. A. ADAMS. 

$100. SBaftington, S. ©. am'27. %uli, 1890. 

©edjjig Sage nadj bem Saturn biefe§ berfpred;e id; an tar l § e u r i d; 
ober beffen Drbre, ein^unbert SodarS fitr empfangenen 2Bertfy gu beaten. 

21. 21 b a m §. 


RECEIPTS. 


Outttungen. 


I500. Washington, D. C., July 27, 1890. 

Received of JAMES CALVERLY, Five Hundred Dollars on account. 

F. WOOD. 

$500. 2Baf$ington, S. ©., am 27. Suit, 1890. 

©mbfangen, ben 27. 2Iuguft 1890, bon §errn $ a c 0 b © a I b c r t ty, 
fiinfEmnbert SodarS al§ 2lbfd;lag§3afylung. $. 2G 0 0 b. 


RECEIPT IN FULL. 


Cutiimtg in dott. 


$500. Washington, D. C., July 27, 1890. 

Received from CLELAND LINDSLEY, Five Hundred Dollars in full of 
all demands. ED. COPP. 

$500. SSaf^ington, S. ©., am 27. %ufi 1890. 

©mpfangen bon £errn © 1 e l a n b & i n b § I e fy, fiinfbunbert Scdar€ at§ 
23e§a|Iung in bod. © b to. © 0 p p. 




$8 r i e f f dj> r e i 6 e n. 


160 


ORDERS FOR GOODS. 9BttorcnBc|icttung. 

Washington, D. C., September i, 1890. 

Messrs. C. MEYER & CO., 

34 East Montgomery Street, 

Baltimore, Md. 

Gentlemen :—Please send me by Adams Express the following : 

24 boxes of Canned Peaches. 

12 dozen of Canned Tomatoes. 

18 dozen of Canned Cherries. 

Charge in account, and oblige, 

Yours respectfully, 

JOHN APPICH. 

FORMS OF BILLS. tflcrfjnungen. 

Washington, D. C., September 1, 1890. 

Mr. HUGO SCHULZE, 

Bought of CHARLES GRAFF. 


August 9. 

i brl. Flour, “A. B.” 

$ 6 


a 

10 lbs. Granulated Sugar - @ 7c. 


70 

a 

5 lbs. Java Coffee - - @ 20c. 

1 



Rec’d Payment, 

CHARLES GRAFF. 

#7 

70 


NOTES OF INVITATION. (gmlabunggfdjreiBctt. 

Invitation to Dinner. * Gintabuncj gum 2 JIittag§cffcit. 

Mr. and Mrs. S. G. BROCK request the pleasure of Mr. and Mrs. 
ROBERT P. PORTER’S company, on Wednesday, October fifteenth, 
at 4 o’clock. Washington, D. C., October 13, 1890. 

ACCEPTANCE. Sufagc. 

Mr. and Mrs. SIMON WOLF have much pleasure in accepting Mr. 
and Mrs. JOHN W. DOUGLASS’ kind invitation for Wednesday, Oct. 15. 
Washington, D. C., October 14. 1890. 


REGRET. SWcfjnung. 

Mr. and Mrs. JOHN W. ROSS regret that on account of a previous 
engagement, they are unable to accept Mr. and Mrs. H. M. ROBERT’S 
kind invitation for Wednesday evening, the 15, instant. 

Washington, D. C., October 14, 1890. 

















170 


33rieff$reiben. 


INVITATION TO AN EVENING PARTY. — <$inlabung ju einer 
Mknbgefcaftfjaft. 

Mr. and Mrs. ROBERT RIDGWAY’S compliments to Mr. and Mrs. 
S. P. LANGLEY, and request the pleasure of their company to an evening 
party, on Thursday, August 28, at 7 o’clock. 

INVITATION TO A FUNERAL. dmlahung jurn ©cgrn&mfc. 

Mr. A. is respectfully invited to attend the funeral of my brother, 
B. C., on the 5, inst., at 3 P. M. 

INVITATION TO A SURPRISE PARTY. — (gmlttbung JU cincr 

tte&errafdjung. 

Dear Edna: 

A surprise party is getting up, for BESSIE SMITH. If you can join 
us, be at our house at 7 o’clock, Monday evening. KATIE LOEFFLER. 

RECEPTION CARD. (gmbfnngSfarien. 

MR. and MRS. LOUIS SCHADE, 

Thursday Evening^, 

Dupont Circle N. W. 


LETTER OF INTRODUCTION. @mfufjruug$ft$rctfieu. 


My Dear Friend : 


Washington, D. C., August 20, 1890. 


I have the pleasure of introducing to your acquaintance Mr. 
ALBERT HERBERT, whom I commend to your kind attention. 

Very truly yours, 


Mr. FRED. COOK, 

Evansville, Indiana. 


HUGO KUERSCHNER. 


CONGRATULATORY LETTER. ©(iirfnmnf^frfjrdkli. 


Dear Ralph: 


Washington, D. C., July 2, 1890. 


Accept my best wishes for many happy returns of your birthday. 
Farwell and do not forget Your Friend, 

Mr. RALPH UNGERECHT. H. K. 


APPLICATION FOR POSITION. 


<§tctfcgcfudj. 


Mr. ANDREW LOEFFLER, 


Washington, D. C., July 2, 1890. 


Dear Sir : Having seen your advertisement in the Star of 
to day, I beg to offer myself for the place. I shall be happy to call on you 
if you will permit me to present my references. FR. COPP. 



Index, rutl)itItsvcvmdjniJf. 

PART I. grftcr Jficit. 

PAGE. 

©cite. 

The History of the United States. $>ie ©efd)id)te bcr SScr. ©taaten - 2-33 

The American. 2 )er Slmerifaner - 34-35 

The Germans in America, ©ie 2 )eutfd)en in Slmcrifa - - 35-38 

The Negroes in the United States. £)ie !?teger in ben 23 er. ©taaten - 38-39 

The Indians in the United States. £)ie ^nbianer in ben SSer. ©taaten 40-43 

The Chinese in the United States. 2 )ie ©fnnefen in ben 58 er. ©taaten 43 

The Irishman. 2 )er ^rlctnber ------ 44-45 

Englishmen and Scotchmen, ©nglanber unb ©cfyottlanber - - 44-45 

Austrians, Bohemians, Hungarians. Deftretcfyer, Socmen, Ungarn - 44-45 

The Swiss. £)ie ©cfyioeijer - - - - - 46-47 

The Italians. $)ie ^taliener ------ 46-47 

The Frenchmen. S)ie ^ranjofen ----- 46-47 

Swedes and Norwegians. ©d)ftjeben unb -Korloeger - 48-49 

The Polanders. 5 Die $olen ------ 48-49 

Social Life. 2 )a§ fo§iale Seben ------ 49-51 

Our Schools. Unfere ©cfyulen ------ 52-55 

Points of Law. ©inige juriftifcfye 2 Binfe - - - - 56-59 

Homestead, Jpeimftdtie ------ 60-61 

American Literature. 2 Imerifanifdje Siteraiur - 61-67 

Legal Holidays, ©efe^lidje $eiertage ----- 66-67 

The Industries. 2 )ie ^nbuftrieen - - - - - * 68-103 

The Production of Metals etc. 2 )ie ^robuftion bon 9 Jtetatten etc. - 80-81 

The Agriculture Productions. SDie lanbtoirifyfdjafttidjen ^robufte - 82-83 

The Number of Farm Animals. 2 )er SSiefybeftanb ber $armen - 83 

The Export of the United States. $er ©$>ort ber SSer. ©taaten - 84-91 

The Import of the United States. 2 )er import ber SSer. ©taaten - 92-93 


II. 


Exports and Imports, ©££ort unb import - 94~99 

The largest bridges in the United States, D)ie grbfjten SBriicfen in ben 

$ereinigten ©taaten -------99 

America’s Foreign Commerce in 1890. 2 Imerifa’§ au§lanbifd)er $anbel 

in 1890 100-101 

Consumption of wines etc. 33 erbraud) bon SBein u. f. ft). - - 100-101 

Revenues and Expenditures, ©innafymen unb 2 lu§gaben - - 102-103 

Pensions. ^Senfionen ------- 102-103 

Patents, ^atente - 103-104 

Signal Service, ©ignalbienft ------ 104-105 

Farming. Der Sanbbau ------ 106-108 

The Post-Office Department. Da§ ^ 3 oftamt - 108-109 

The Mean Temparature. Die burd)fd)nittlid)e Demperatur - - no-111 

Wages in the United States. Die Sbtyne in ben $er. ©taaten - 112-113 

The United States. Die 9 $er. ©taaten - ii4-*ii6 

The present government. Die gegenftartige 9 tegbrung - - 117 

The Supreme Court. Der oberfte ©ericbtsijof - - - - 118-125 

The United States Army and Navy. DieiBer. ©taaten 3 lrmeeu. $lotte 126-129 
The Fifty-Second Congress. Der gmeiunbfunfsigfte ©ongrefj - - 130-131 

Foreign Legations. 2 lu§ldnbifd)e ©efanbtfdjaften . - - 132-133 

The Diplomatic Corps. Da§ Diplomatifcbe Corps - - - 133 

The Eastern States, Die bftlidjen ©taaten. Maine, New Hampshire, 

Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut - - 134-144 

The Five Middle (Atlantic) States. Die fiinf mittleren ©taaten. New 

York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware - - 144-159 


The Southern States. Die fublicpen ©taaten. Virginia, West Virginia, 

North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, 
Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas 160-185 
The Central States. Die Central ©taaten. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 
Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, 


Kansas, North Dakota, South Dakota - 186-219 

The Western or Pacific States. Die toeftlicpen ©taaten. Montana, 
California, Oregon, Colorado, Nevada, Washington, Idaho, 
Wyoming - 219-237 

Territories. Derritorien. Indian Territory, Oklahoma, New Mexico, 

Utah, Arizona, Alaska 237-248 

The District of Columbia. Der Diftrift Columbia - 249-253 

The Labor Question in the United States. Die 2 lrbeiterfrage in ben 

SSereinigten ©taaten 254-257 

The Population of the States and Territories. Die 33 ebotferung ber 

©taaten unb Derritorien 258 

The Constitution of the United States. 'Die SSerfaffung ber SSereinigten 

©taaten -------- 259-274 




III. 


Index. gtoJjrtUsttCVjetdjttiH. 

PART II. ^lotilcr 2 f)ci(. 

PAGE. 

©cite. 

The English alphabet. Sag englifcfye SU^>^abct - i 

English Pronunciation. Sie englifdje Slu^fprac^c 1-6 

Accent. Accent - 7 

Syllables, ©ilben 7 

Punctuation, ^nterpunttion 7-9 

Capitals. Ser ©ebrauefy ber grofjen 23 u<f)ftaben io 

Introductory Grammar. $uragefafjte ©pracfytefyre - 11-48 

The article. Sag ®efdjIedjt§h>ort - - - - - n 

The noun. Sag Singtoort ------ 12-14 

The adjective. Sag ©igenfcfyaftgioort - 14-15 

The pronoun. Sag ^iirloort - - - . - 15-17 

The verb. Sag geittoort 17-39 

Auxiliary verbs. ^iUfgjeitluorter ..... 17-25 

To be, feirt - 17-20 

To have, fyaben - 20-25 

Conjugation of the regular verb. Conjugation b£g regelmdfjigen $eit* 

ioortg ........ 25-30 

Defective verbs, llnbollfidnbige geittoorier - 30-32 

Reflexive verbs. Steflejibe geittobrter 32 

Irregular verbs, llnregehndfjige geitiobrter - - - 33~39 

The adverb. Sag llmftanbgioort ..... 39-41 

Prepositions, iler^attnijjtobrter ..... 42 

Conjunctions. SBinbetobrter ...... 42-33 

Interjections. ©mpfinbunggioorter ----- 43 

Prefixes. SSorfilbcn - 43-44 

Suffixes. Stngefydngte ©ilben ------ 44-45 

Abbreviations. Slbfurjungen 45-46 

Months and days, donate unb Sage ----- 46 

Numerals. gafyltobrter ------ 47 

The States and their abbreviations. Sic ©taatenu. beren Slbfiirjungen 48 

Vocabulary. ^Borterbergeidjnifc ..... 49-106 

First Lesson. Crfte Section. The article, the noun, the verb. Ser 

Strtifet, bag Singioort, bag 3 eittoort .... 107-108 


IV. 


Second Lesson, gtoeite Section. The noun, adjective, pronoun, verb. 

S'aS £>ingn>ort, ©igenfdjaftgioort, ft-urloort, geitioort, (^mper* 

fectum)..109-m 

Third Lesson. 2 )ritte Section. The adverb. 2 )ag llmftanbgtoort 

(bag s $erfecium unb ^Uugquamperfectum) - - . - 111-113 

Fourth Lesson. SSierte Section. The interjection, conjunction. $)ag 
©mpfinbunggioort, bag SBinbcioort, bag $uturum unb ^uturum 
ejactum -------- 113-115 

Fifth Lesson. $imfte Section. Passive voice. SDag ^affibum. $iirs 

tuorter - - - - - - - - 115-116 


Sixth Lesson, ©edjfte Section. Reflexive verbs, the preposition. 

Sieflegioe 3«ith>ottcr, bag 33 ert>dltni^oort - - - -117-118 

Seventh Lesson, ©iebente Section. Numerals. gafytiobrter - 118-121 
Eight Lesson. 2 Idjte Section. Indefinite Pronouns. Unbeftimmte 

3-urioorter - - - - - - - -121-122 

Ninth Lesson. Sieuntc Section. The Imperative. 2 )er ^mperatii) - 122-124 
Tenth Lesson. 3 e^»utc Section. Construction of sentences. Con* 

ftruction Oon ©a£en - - - - - - - 124-126 

Eleventh Lesson. ©Ifte Section. Children’s conversation. $inber* 

gefardefy . 126-128 

Twelfth Lesson, gtoblfte Section. General exercises. 2 Mgemeine 

Uebungcn -------- 128-130 

Thirteenth Lesson. 2 )reije^nte Section. General exercises. 2 Iflgcs 

mcine ttebungen ....... 130-132 

Fourteenth Lesson. SSicrgc^nte Section. The infinitive, the participle.' 

2>er ^nfinitib, bag ^artigipium ..... 132-133 

Fifteenth Lesson, ^iinfgefynte Section. Review. 2 BieberfyoIung. An 

excursion, ©in 2lugftug ...... 133-136 

Sixteenth Lesson, ©edj&e^nte Section. The new airship, cyclones, 

sunstroke. 2 )ag neue Suftjd;>iff,,$&irbetfturme, ©onnenftic^ *136-137 
Seventeenth Lesson, ©iebgefynte Section. California, the South. 

©clifornien, ber ©i'tben ...... 137-139 

Eighteenth Lesson, yidjtgeljnte Section. Expressions. -Itebengarten 139-140 
Nineteenth Lesson, Steungetynte Section. A visit to Washington. 

©in Sefud) in 2Baffyington ...... 140-147 

Twentieth Lesson, gioan^igfte Section. Arrival from Germany. 

ainfunft bon SDeutfdjlanb ...... 148-154 

Twentyfirst Lesson, ©inunbjioanjigfte Section. Review. SBieber* 

botung ••*.*!.. 154-158 
American Money. 2 Imertfanifd)eg ©etb .... 159 

Measures and Weights. SSJlcijje unb ©ehndjte .... 160-161 

Letter-Writing. 23 ricffd)mben. Receipts, orders, notes, bills etc. 

Duittungen, 2lntoeifungen, 2Bed)feI, 9 te$nungen u. f. to. . .162-170 







» 





4 * 
























* 













































































































































































' 






it 










COR. PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE & THIRD STREET N. W. 


WASHINGTON, D. C. 


gh gjuaMey & gunt, - gUopr retort. 

til kWISf PlUti ?IRS? • CILM3 Uiili W TO GIYY. 


AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLAN. 

American Plan £2.00, $2.50 and $3.00 per day, according to Location of 
Rooms. European Plan $1.00 and upwards. 
































ALBERT CARRY, Pres’t. C. A. STRANGMAN, Sec. and Treas 


—THE— 


National Capital Stewing Co., 

BREWERS OF FINEST GRADES OF 

Lager Beer, 


0 B» H»? IUtt, ©ai, 


WASHINGTON, D. C. 


Capacity 100,000 Barrels. 


The Muscle Beater. 


A SUBSTITUTE FOR MASSAGE. 


Massage acts chiefly by influencing the local 
circulation of those parts where massage labor 
is applied. The chief objection to it is the 
skill which is required for its practice and 
the expense which it therefore entails, and 
more especially the difficulties of finding em¬ 
ployment for its votaries, which forbid its use 
away from centres of population. 

As an aid to or possible substitute for 
massage, we can strongly recommend the 
muscle-beaters made by Mr. John E. Ruebsam, 
of Washington. They consist essentially of 
india-rubber tubes or balls, so arranged on 
elastic sticks as to simulate more or less 
closely the hand as employed in the beating 
movements of massage. They undoubtedly 
have the power of distinctly affecting the 
local circulation in the part beaten with them, 


tion, as in neurasthenia, for the stimulation of muscles affected with chronic 
rheumatism, as in chronic lumbagos, we have found them serviceable. 
When it is possible to obtain skilled massage, and the severity of the symp¬ 
toms is sufficient to warrant its employment, the muscle-beater may be very 
well used once a day as an assistant, so to speak, to the skilled attendant. 
Thus, in the evening, it may be employed to aid the massage and manipula¬ 
tion of the morning. 

The “Muscle Beaters,” should be used daily by 
everybody, to assist the circulation and to. prevent 
any form of deposits, which naturaly will interfere 
with the functions of our System and produce 
Disease. No stranger should leave Washington 
without calling at the office of the Inventor, and 
inform himself of the value of those simple Instru¬ 
ments. 




INVENTOR AND MANUFACTURER 


— OF THE — 



Home Gymnasium & Muse le Beater, 

No. 505 Seventh Street, N. W„ WASHINGTON, D. C. 



















502 Ninth Street N. IV. 

2 DOORS ABOVE E STREET, 

THE NINTH STREET AND BELT LINE CARS PASS THE DOOR. 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 

-**-*-«- 
©33.137- tla.e Best. 



HurltarPs [Restaurant, 

©jC>v. 10 . &A- gttveeiz , ptasrhw0t<m, fl. ©. 

^*rra£t« t 4$£8tm and ^attt* 

in season 


Everything first class. 


Dinner parties a specialty. 

























CljiirSre lUaltcv, 

Attorney-at-Law, 

($cutfd)cr SHcdjtSamtmlt unb $ricben8rid)tcr,) 

UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER, 

fjMatjg ^nMk ^ 

344 D STREET, CORNER FOUR-AND-A-HALF STREET, 

Wa ® la i it gt o it , D. C. 




—^1, 

*c» 


-s? 1 


Sight Drafts on all principal cities in Europe. Tickets for various 
Steamship Lines between America and Europe. Correspondence in all 
modern Languages. 

Clrr. Xander, 

IMPORTER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN 

fine Jfines cuib liquors, 

pop Seventh Street N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C. 

Virginia Seedlings and Ports and fine old Whiskies a specialty. 

gfliEXIS Het. 

RESTAURANT, 


610 Louisiana Avenue, 


WASHINGTON, D. C. 










CHR. HEURICH 


Brewing Co., 


1233-1235 ©TucntieUt gtveet gt. pr, 


Washington, d. c. 





SIMON WOLF. 


MYER COHEN. 


S. XBolf & (To., 

|£atr t |[nsnra«££ anil jf^al %ntatc, 


No. 926 F Street North West, 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

NOTARY PUBLIC. 

Jkittn JL i?nrtl)d, 

JUtomeg and ^fomisdor a< ijfaro, 

221 grtvcet gl. UH., 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

PROPRIETOR OF THE 


;ftEI5EE-iitJID if (HIE 


>-AND- 


IgfESTAUKiNT, 

Nos. 708 a.nd 710 K Street N. W., 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 


Fred. Huegle, 

511 gtetmtllt street, 


OPP. GENERAL POST OFFICE, 


LAGER BEER, 

FINE WINES & LIQUORS. 


Washington, d. c. 

















* 


Hotel and Restaurant, 



EUROPEAN PLAN, 

CORNER 4 '/z STREET AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, N. W. 

5 ). ©♦ 

t&Bit mi a®®» ©a put aa® sista® tint. 

®wia® ss©®at ?ti mw«u paaws. 

t£ 3 * Special Accommodations for traveling merchantile Agents, business 
men, etc. 




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Adjoining the “Academy of Music ”, 


413^415 Ninth Street, N. W. 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 


I take pleasure in inviting you to visit my new establishment, the most 
spacious and complete in the City. * Arranged with Ladies and Gentlemens 
Dining Rooms, Banquet Hail, Cafe and all modern improvements. 


LOUIS FABER, 


Originator of “Table d’hote” Dinners in Washington, also meals la carte. 

llAHOM XJLNEEK, 

— DEALER IN — 

Wines and Liquors, 

13IS Seventh Street N. W, WASHINGTON,,\ D. C. 

Between N and O Streets. 




The Old Reliable Tea Houses, 

<r-*-~iSZ£ THE -SWor-* 

& (^e<z. fjt 

Best Granulated Sugar, \]/ 2 Cents. 

New crop Teas at 35, 40, 50, 60 and 80 Cents per pound. 
Special presents to buyers of Thea-nectar Tea and A. & P. Baking Powder. 
Our Java and Mocha Coffee, at 33, 35 and 38c., is deliciously flavored. 
Our new crop of Moyune Teas, at $1 per pound, is excellent. 

SOI and soj Seventh Street N W. ; 1620 14th Street N W. ; 

3104 M Street , Georgetown; g8, S 9 and 60 Center Market; 
<32 Western Market; 8 and 9 O Street Market; 

101 Northern Liberty Market . 
Beware of mushroom concerns and imitators. c= 4£jjj 

Telephone call 858-2. NEWTON H. BOWMAN, Manager. 






MAERZEN BEER. 


PALE BEER. 


-*~I- the i-*- 





Corner 37th. and K Str»., N. W., 


gttitsiuuijtmt, §)♦ ©♦ 

— BOTTLERS OF — 

Ghr. Heurich’s Brewing Go’s 



—: EXCLUSIVELY. 





Telephon 634-3. 



ef’ 

The Lager Beer of the CHR. HEURICH 
BREWING CO. has gained a world-spread Reputa¬ 
tion for its Purity and invigorating properties. 



RECOMMENDED FOR FAMILY USE BY 
PHYSICIANS IN GENERAL. 

ALL ORDERS RECELVE PROMPT 
ATTENTLON. 











Unlfeuser 



mtiti' 



St. Lotii», Mo. 


Keg & Bottled Beer. 


cfrank i&chnmfa, Manager-, 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 


Office, Depot and Ice Houses: 

VIRGINIA AYENUE AND FIRST STREET, S. W. 


TELEPHONE 374-2. 





—THE— 

National Bank of the Republic 

OR WASHINGTON, 

Capital $200,000. Surplus $200,000. 

NO. 318 SEVENTH STREET N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C. 

D. B. CLARKE, President. CHAS. S. BRADLEY, Cashier. 

A. A. WILSON, Vice-President. 


—THE— 

Washington Loan and Xrost Company, 

CAPITAL, $ 1 , 000 , 000 . 

CORNER NINTH & F STREETS., N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. 
EXECUTES TRUSTS. PAYS INTEREST ON DEPOSITS. 


Sani>rr&& StmjmnH, 

DEALERS IN 

Pianos and Organs, 

934 F STREET, WASHINGTON, D. C. 

13 N. CHARLES STREET, BALTIMORE, MD. 


J. KARR, 

IMPORTER AND DEALER IN 




Sterling Silver Ware, French Clocks and Bronzes, 

Opera Glasses, Fans, etc., 

945 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C. 

SOLE AG-E1TT X’OES. THE HOCHFOHE WATCH CO. 

MEMENTOS MANUFACTURED FROM THE CHIPS OF THE CAPSTONE OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 


. Geo. Breitbarth, 


— DEALER IN — 



Odd-Fellows’ Hall, 7th St. N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C. 






— THE — 


a A 

german ^ JjUwm<caw 

A C A D E M Y 

(Scuffs = 9£ntcrtftiitifrfjr Slfafocmtc,) 

No. 934 O STREET, N. W. 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 


HUGO KUERSCHNER, PRINCIPAL. 



I'nbips’ nn& fficnllcmm’s 

Restau rant, 

Uku 1837 gaxxvteenHj street, fjt. Jjtt 
Washington, 13. C. 


GAME IN SEASON. 


TABLE BOARD. 




18 5 7 * 


18 01 



i 


9iegelmctf$ig roodjentlid)e $oft=£)ampffd)ifffaf)rt gtnifdjen 



burd) bie neuen unb crprobten, mit aden 33equemlidjfeiten nerfel)enen 
^oftbampfer I. Piaffe: 


rr&artttftoto" erbaut 1891, 
,,^rc$ben" erbaut 1889, 
M@era" erbaut 1891, 


nWliindtcn" erbaut 1889, 
„©Ibcttfcur$' erbaut 1891, 
„®tnttgart" erbaut 1890, 
" erbaut 1891. 


„fiatl$ru])e" erbaut 1890, „£Seimar" 

3)iefe ©ampfer rnurben in ©laSgotn, nadj neueften $Ianen au3 
0taljl gebaut, unb bieten, burd) bie $Borgiigltd)feit i^rer Sauart unb 
burd) 21bgrenjung ber 0d)iff3raume in roafferbic^te 2Ibtt)eilungen, alien 
9teifenben bie grbj$tmbglid)fte 0icf)erf)eit gegen ©efafyren ber 0ee. — 
©leftrifcbe 33eleucf)tung in (Eajute unb gtnifdjenbed. — 2)ie @inrid)tungett 
fur groifdjenbedSpaffagiere, J)eren 0d)lafrau ’ e fid) auf bem Dberbed 
unb bem ^rneiten 2)ed tefinoen, finb anerfannt nortrefflid;. £dnge ber 
SDampfer 415—435 guf$, $reite 48—49 guft. 

J8@“* 9Jtit 2)ampfern be§ „9torbbeutfd)en £lot)b" rnurben meljr 
al3 

2,250,000 ^rtffrt»j«crc » inrfti- 

gliidlicf) liber 0ee beforbert! 

©utc 33 c 6 dftigung ! 99 tdtn»jc 9 >rcifc! 

glir £ouriften unb ©inroanberer bietet biefe £inie eine nors 
^tiglidje ©elegenljeit $ur Ueberfal)rt. Sillige @ifenbal)nfal)rt non Baltimore 
nad) bem 2Beften. 33odftanbiger 0djut$ nor Uebernortl)eilung in Bremen, 
auf 0ee unb in Baltimore. (Sinroanberer lonnen nom SDampffd^iff 
unmittelbar in bie bereitfteljenben ©ifenbaljmoagen fteigen, Ijaben 
bal)er leine Unfoften fur transport be§ ©epadfe nad) ber ©ifenbaljn. 
$ein 2Bagemned)fel ^mifdben Baltimore, Chicago unb 0t. Soui§. 
$ollmctfd)cr bcglcitcn bic dintoanbcrcr auf ifjvcr Olcifc nadj bent 
SBcftnt. 

SSeitere 2lu§funft ertljeilen: 

51. 3d>unmd)Ct (So., ©eneral=2lgenten, 

lito. 5 r gialtimar*, pli»» 

3. 5&nt. ©fcfrettlmtg, ©enera^Slgent, 

140 . 104 |?ifth ©ijic000, &U*. 

ober berett 5 lgcntcit im ^itlattbe* 


This table will tell you the day of the week for any date 

between the years 1800 and 1940. 

RULE : Add the number opposite the given year in column “Day” to the number 
opposite the day of the month in the same column, the sum will be the 
day of the week, counting Sunday as one, Monday two, 


Tuesday three, Wednesday four, etc. 


Use the numbers in brackets for 

January and February only. 

Day. 

January. 

October. 

February. 

November. 

March. 

April. 

July. 

May. 

1 

June. 

August. 

September. 

December. 

1800 

1828 

1856 

1884 

1913 

2 

1 







• 

1801 

1829 

1857 

1885 

1914 

3 

£ 




1 




1802 

1830 

1858 

1886 

1915 

1 

3 




2 


1 


1803 

1831 

1859 

1887 

(1916) 

5 

4 

1 

1 


3 


2 


(1804) 

(1832) 

(1860) 

(1888) 

1916 

ft 

5 

2 

2 


4 

1 

3 

A 


1804 

1832 

1860 

1888 

1917 

O 

6 

3 

3 


5 

2 


1 

1805 

1833 

1861 

1889 

1918 

1 

7 

4 

4 

1 

6 

3 

5 

2 

1806 

1834 

1862 

1890 

1919 

2 

8 

5 

5 

2 

7 

4 

6 

3 

1807 

1835 

1863 

1891 

(1920) 

3 

9 

6 

6 

3 

8 

5 

7 

4 

(1808) 

(1836) 

(1864) 

(1892) 

1920 

4 

10 

.7 

7 

4 

9 

6 

8 

5 

1808 

1836 

1864 

1892 

1921 

5 

11 

8 

8 

5 

10 

7 

9 

6 

1809 

1837 

1865 

1893 

1922 

tt 

12 

9 

9 

6 

11 

8 

10 

7 

1810 

1838 

1866 

1894 

1923 

O 

13 

10 

10 

7 

12 

9 

11 

8 

1811 

1839 

1867 

1895 

(1924) 

1 

14 

11 

11 

8 

13 

10 

12 

9 

(1812) 

(1840) 

(1868) 

(1896) 

1924 

2 

15 

12 

12 

9 

14 

11 

13 

10 

1812 

1840 

1868 

1896 

1925 

3 

16 

13 

13 

10 

15 

12 

14 

11 

1813 

1841 

1869 

1897 

1926 

4 

17 

14 

14 

11 

16 

13 

15 

12 

1814 

1842 

1870 

1898 

1927 

5 

18 

15 

15 

12 

17 

14 

16 

13 

1815 

1843 

1871 

1899 

(1928) 

6 

19 

16 

16 

13 

18 

15 

17 

14 

(1816) 

(1844) 

(1872) 

1900 

1928 

O 

20 

17 

17 

14 

19 

16 

18 

15 

1816 

1844 

1872 

1901 

1929 

1 

21 

18 

18 

15 

20 

17 

19 

16 

1817 

1845 

1873 

1902 

1930 

2 

22 

19 

19 

16 

21 

18 

20 

17 

1818 

1846 

1874 

1903 

1931 

3 

23 

20 

20 

17 

22 

1 19 

21 

18 

1819 

1847 

1875 

(1904) 

(1932) 

4 

24 

21 

21 

18 

23 

20 

22 

19 

(1820) 

(1848) 

(1876) 

1904 

1932 

5 

25 

22 

22 

19 

24 

21 

23 

20 

1820 

1848 

1876 

1905 

1933 

6 

26 

23 

23 

20 

25 

22 

24 

21 

1821 

1849 

1877 

1906 

1934 

O 

27 

24 

24 

21 

26 

23 

25 

22 

1822 

1850 

1878 

1907 

1935 

1 

28 

25 

25 

22 

27 

24 

26 

23 

1823 

1851 

1879 

(1908) 

(1936) 

2 

29 

26 

26 

23 

28 

25 

27 

24 

(1824) 

(1852) 

(1880) 

1908 

1936 

3 

30 

27 

27 

24 

29 

26 

28 

25 

1824 

1852 

1880 

1909 

1937 

4 

31 

28 

28 

&5 

SO 

27 

29 

26 

1825 

1853 

1881 

1910 

1938 

5 


29 

29 

26 


28 

30 

27 

1826 

1854 

1882 

1911 

1939 

6 


30 

30 

27 


29 

31 

28 

1827 

1855 

1883 

(1912) 

(1940) 

O 



31 

28 


30 


29 

(1828) 

(1856) 

(1884) 

1912 

1940 

1 




29 




30 






2 




30 




31 






3 


, 


31 






DAYS OF THE WEEK. 


Sunday. 

Monday. 

Tuesday. 

Wed’sday. 

Thursday. 

Friday. 

Saturday. 

1 or 8 

2 or 9 

3 or 10 

4 or 11 

5 or 12 

6 or 0 

7 


EXAMPLE I. 


EXAMPLE II. 


What day of the week was 1811 July 4? 
Number opposite 1811= 1 

“ “ July 4 = 4 The fifth day 

— of the week 
Day of the week = Sum =5 is Thursday. 

C 310 88 


On what day of the week will the 22r»d 
February ig2o fall ? 

Number opposite [1920] = 3 
“ “ Feb. 22 = 5 

Day of the week = Sum — 8 = Sunday. 

* 

* 







































































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